EP1970640A1 - Electrical heating device - Google Patents

Electrical heating device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1970640A1
EP1970640A1 EP20070301486 EP07301486A EP1970640A1 EP 1970640 A1 EP1970640 A1 EP 1970640A1 EP 20070301486 EP20070301486 EP 20070301486 EP 07301486 A EP07301486 A EP 07301486A EP 1970640 A1 EP1970640 A1 EP 1970640A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tank
electric heating
liquid
heating apparatus
panel
Prior art date
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Granted
Application number
EP20070301486
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1970640B1 (en
Inventor
Dominique Akel
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JAEGER SAS
Original Assignee
ELKA SA
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Publication of EP1970640A1 publication Critical patent/EP1970640A1/en
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Publication of EP1970640B1 publication Critical patent/EP1970640B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/002—Air heaters using electric energy supply
    • F24H3/004—Air heaters using electric energy supply with a closed circuit for a heat transfer liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/0005—Details for water heaters
    • F24H9/001—Guiding means
    • F24H9/0015—Guiding means in water channels

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electric heating apparatus with an emitting surface, in particular in the form of a panel.
  • Electric convectors consist of a housing housing an electrical resistance that heats circulating air, entering the lower part into the housing and outgoing, in the upper part.
  • the apparatuses working by radiation have an emitting surface constituted by an enclosure containing a volume of liquid heated by an immersion heater such as, for example, bathroom towel radiators.
  • an immersion heater such as, for example, bathroom towel radiators.
  • radiant heaters with solid ceramic, aluminum or cast iron elements with electrical resistances included are called “dry” inertia systems as opposed to other "fluid” inertial systems.
  • These heaters use electrical resistors with power ranging from 500 to 2500 Watts.
  • thermal inertia of these devices is relatively large which reduces the efficiency of the control and results in a significant enough power consumption which can be reduced only to a limited extent by electromechanical or electronic control programmable or non-programmable.
  • the object of the present invention is to develop an electric heating device with an effective emissive surface which makes it possible to significantly reduce the electrical consumption for the same heating quality and which is of simple and economical construction.
  • the electric heater according to the invention has the advantage of being of extremely simple construction and efficient operation, thanks to its low thermal inertia.
  • This low thermal inertia is furthermore particularly advantageous for rapidly heating up the entire emitting surface constituted by the panel; the coolant used in the "fluid" inertia electric heaters is replaced by hot steam, which spreads rapidly over the entire heat exchange surface and, above all, automatically regulates the temperature of this heating surface since the points that could being cold constitute points of condensation and therefore will warm up preferentially to the other parts of the heat exchange surface; thus, the emitting surface formed by the panel very quickly assumes a uniform temperature.
  • This uniformity of temperature ensures an efficient exchange of heat with the outside mainly by radiation.
  • the regularity of the temperature of the entire emitting surface of the panel is a very comfortable heating means because of the large radiation surface and the regularity of the temperature evolution.
  • the phase change liquid at low boiling point, may be a liquid passing in the vapor state at a relatively low temperature and at ambient pressure but also a low boiling point liquid at very low pressure, example of the water placed in the enclosure in which a certain vacuum has been realized.
  • the very low thermal inertia is also advantageous for the automatic regulation of the device according to a set temperature.
  • the rapid temperature drop of the panel when the heating element stops reduces losses and generally allows a very precise monitoring of a programmed heating.
  • the enclosure preferably comprises a condensation channel opening into the upper part of the enclosure and connected to the reservoir to form a condensate trap in which the vapor condenses to descend into the channel and replenish the reservoir so that it it is permanently powered and liquid under the normal operating conditions of the device (in the absence of overheating, detected by the control of the device).
  • This permanent supply of the tank allows a circulation of the steam regulating considerably the operating temperature of the apparatus, which is particularly advantageous for the heating effect and the physiological impression of comfort provided by this electric heater while significantly reducing power by making better use of available power.
  • the heater can provide one or more condensation channels preferably installed on the sides of the device in the case where it is a sign.
  • These channels can be integrated in the device or constituted an outer element in the form of a small section tube, for example placed at the rear of the enclosure, including the panel.
  • the closed envelope is a flat panel but it can also be a developable surface such as an open or closed cylindrical surface or a conical surface depending on the implantation of the device. heater.
  • This great diversity of forms is made possible by the heat transfer fluid which is steam and by the very great regularity of the temperature of the emitting surface of the closed envelope.
  • the casing comprises steam circulation paths in the form of chimneys. These chimneys regulate the distribution of steam over the entire surface to avoid preferential paths, usually the most direct between the steam source and the condensing surface.
  • the control comprises a thermostat and / or a programmable or non-programmable electromechanical or electronic control system and / or protection means to prevent overheating.
  • the temperature of the emitting surface that is to say of the panel must not exceed a temperature for example 60 ° C.
  • the heating member is an electrical resistance or a halogen light source, that is to say a power semiconductor. It may also be more generally a diode.
  • the heating element is integrated in the reservoir and immersed in the liquid. But it can also be a heater outside the tank, so as to achieve the enclosure, including the tank, sealed and leave the heater outside which makes it independent for its replacement.
  • the reservoir may also be constituted by a transparent surface and the heating member, by a radiation source heating the liquid of the reservoir through the transparent wall.
  • the figure 1 shows a first embodiment of a panel-shaped electric heater constituting the emitting surface comprising a heating member 100 supplying a closed envelope 200 being managed by a control 300.
  • This heater operates mainly in radiation, the convection representing only a small part of the heat exchange.
  • the radiation is emitted by the emitting surface formed by the panel, in particular the front face thereof.
  • the heating element 100 is constituted by a tank 110 of small volume, in which there is a heater 120 schematized by an electrical resistor.
  • the heating member 100 can also be installed outside the tank 110 so that the enclosure formed by the panel 210 and the tank 110 with the liquid can be sealed by leaving the heating element accessible for its installation or his replacement.
  • the reservoir can be advantageously transparent and the heating element, a halogen lamp.
  • the tank 110 receives a phase change liquid, at a low boiling point such as an organic liquid, for example an alcohol or an ether or an HCFC, or a liquid with a low boiling point, at a reduced pressure. even very small like water.
  • the tank 110 supplies steam to the envelope 200, shown here in the form of a panel, surmounting the tank 110 and communicating therewith.
  • This closed envelope 200 is a hermetic enclosure, resistant to an internal pressure of the order of a few bars, for example 3.5 bars in maximum speed; it is intended to work at a maximum temperature in a regime that would be 50 to 60 ° C. According to some regulations, the maximum temperature of the emitting surface that can be touched is 60 ° C to avoid burn accidents.
  • the panel 210 of rectangular or square shape in this example, is bordered by two condensation channels 220, open at the top of the enclosure.
  • the channels form condensation traps because separated from the direct circulation of vapor emitted by the tank, they are cold zones in which the vapor condenses and goes down to replenish the tank 100.
  • the renewal of the steam in the channel or channels is done by the balance of pressures. This circulation of fluids (steam, condensate) allows a very great regularity of the temperature.
  • condensation channel On each side. It is also possible to provide only one condensation channel. Finally, the condensation channel or channels can be made behind the panel.
  • the panel 210 forming the emitting surface may be of a single material, for example welded sheet or two materials, one relatively insulating and the other heat conductor so that only the front face is emissive and the face back is insulating.
  • the chamber 200 thus formed is sealingly sealed so that the liquid / vapor fluid circulates in a loop in the panel as a function of the energy supplied by the heating member 120, depending on the set target temperature.
  • This heating member 120 is a resistor but it can also be another electrical / electronic component generating heat such as a halogen lamp.
  • the command 300 regulates the operation of the apparatus and its setting in security.
  • the control includes an adjustable thermostat 310 for setting a set temperature. It is also connected to a pressure sensor 320 installed in the enclosure and monitoring the pressure to prevent overpressure and a liquid level sensor 330 so that the heater only operates if the tank 110 contains a level sufficient liquid and ensures control of the absence of liquid.
  • a temperature sensor 340 monitors the temperature of the emitting surface.
  • the heater described above with a panel-shaped envelope 200 may have a shape other than planar.
  • the figure 2 shows another embodiment of an electric heater also with a panel-shaped envelope 200A 210A.
  • the tank 110A with the heating element 120A.
  • the tank 110A communicates with the chamber 200A in which it opens for the passage of steam.
  • the panel 210A has chimneys 211A through which the steam rises.
  • the envelope 200A is bordered by two condensation channels 220A whose input is at the top of the enclosure and which are connected at the bottom, to the tank 110A.
  • the vapor is thus condensed preferably in these channels, in particular of small section, to descend into the condensate state and also being pushed by the renewal of steam released by the tank and the heating member.
  • Condensation channel 220A is preferably, as here, an outer channel in the form of a tube constituting a zone which is all the colder than it is on the outside and exchanges heat more rapidly than if it were in the panel ; it thus traps the steam and the condensate to replenish the tank 110A.
  • the recycling of condensation steam in the 220A channel creates a very stable and uniform temperature circulation of steam.
  • the condensation channel or channels are made in the panel itself, preferably formed by the assembly of two stamped sheets with the different shapes.
  • the 210A panel is equipped with a 300A control which manages the operation for the regulation of the temperature by means of a thermostat and the safety functions, to set the pressure to a maximum value, for example 3.5 bar and avoid the operation of the heater 120A in the absence of liquid, if it is completely vaporized.
  • a 300A control which manages the operation for the regulation of the temperature by means of a thermostat and the safety functions, to set the pressure to a maximum value, for example 3.5 bar and avoid the operation of the heater 120A in the absence of liquid, if it is completely vaporized.
  • the panel 210A is formed by the assembly of two plates, for example made of sheet metal, shaped to have chimneys and intermediate surfaces 212A either cut or formed by the material and increasing the emission surface, mainly by radiation.
  • the volume of liquid in the heater regardless of its embodiment, is defined according to the shape of the panel and the power demanded from the heater.
  • Multiple panels can be combined with a single temperature control and managed by a single thermostat, the security functions remaining unique to each device such as security in the event of total evaporation of the liquid, cutting off the heating element or else limiting the pressure inside the panel so as not to exceed a pressure of, for example, 3.5 bar.

Abstract

The apparatus has a heating unit (100) comprising a tank (110) for receiving less volume of phase changing liquid e.g. alcohol at low boiling temperature, and an electrical heating part (120) e.g. halogen lamp, for heating the liquid. A closed envelope (200) has a panel (210) forms an emissive surface and mounted over the tank. The envelope communicates with the tank for forming a sealed enclosure for vapor of the liquid and condensates, where the enclosure provides resistance to pressure.

Description

Domaine de l'inventionField of the invention

La présente invention concerne un appareil de chauffage électrique avec une surface émissive notamment en forme de panneau.The present invention relates to an electric heating apparatus with an emitting surface, in particular in the form of a panel.

Etat de la techniqueState of the art

Il existe différents systèmes d'appareils de chauffage électriques notamment en forme de panneau à usage domestique pour le grand public. Ces appareils de chauffage utilisent soit la convexion soit le rayonnement.There are various systems of electric heaters especially shaped panel for domestic use for the general public. These heaters use either convection or radiation.

Les convecteurs électriques sont constitués par un boîtier logeant une résistance électrique qui chauffe de l'air mis en circulation, entrant en partie basse dans le boîtier et sortant, en partie haute.Electric convectors consist of a housing housing an electrical resistance that heats circulating air, entering the lower part into the housing and outgoing, in the upper part.

Les appareils travaillant par rayonnement ont une surface émissive constituée par une enceinte contenant un volume de liquide chauffé par un thermoplongeur comme par exemple, les radiateurs sèche-serviettes de salles de bains. Il existe également des appareils de chauffage par rayonnement comportant des éléments solides en céramique, en aluminium ou en fonte avec des résistances électriques incluses. Ces appareils sont appelés systèmes à inertie « sec » par opposition aux autres systèmes à inertie « fluide ».The apparatuses working by radiation have an emitting surface constituted by an enclosure containing a volume of liquid heated by an immersion heater such as, for example, bathroom towel radiators. There are also radiant heaters with solid ceramic, aluminum or cast iron elements with electrical resistances included. These devices are called "dry" inertia systems as opposed to other "fluid" inertial systems.

Ces appareils de chauffage utilisent des résistances électriques d'une puissance allant de 500 à 2 500 Watts.These heaters use electrical resistors with power ranging from 500 to 2500 Watts.

L'inertie thermique de ces appareils est relativement grande ce qui réduit l'efficacité de la régulation et se traduit par une consommation électrique assez importante qui ne peut se réduire que de façon limitée par la régulation électromécanique ou électronique programmable ou non programmable.The thermal inertia of these devices is relatively large which reduces the efficiency of the control and results in a significant enough power consumption which can be reduced only to a limited extent by electromechanical or electronic control programmable or non-programmable.

But de l'inventionPurpose of the invention

La présente invention a pour but de développer un appareil de chauffage électrique, à surface émissive, efficace, permettant de réduire de manière importante la consommation électrique pour une même qualité de chauffage et qui soit de construction simple et économique.The object of the present invention is to develop an electric heating device with an effective emissive surface which makes it possible to significantly reduce the electrical consumption for the same heating quality and which is of simple and economical construction.

Exposé et avantage de l'inventionExposé and advantage of the invention

A cet effet, la présente invention concerne un appareil de chauffage électrique caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend

  • A- un élément de chauffage ayant
    • un réservoir recevant un faible volume de liquide à changement de phase et faible température d'ébullition, et
    • un organe de chauffage électrique pour le liquide du réservoir (110),
  • B- une enveloppe fermée formant la surface émissive surmontant le réservoir et communiquant avec celui-ci pour former une enceinte hermétique résistant à la pression, pour la vapeur de liquide et le condensat.
For this purpose, the present invention relates to an electric heater characterized in that it comprises
  • A- a heating element having
    • a tank receiving a small volume of liquid with a phase change and a low boiling point, and
    • an electric heater for the liquid of the tank (110),
  • B- a closed envelope forming the emissive surface surmounting the reservoir and communicating therewith to form a pressure-resistant hermetic enclosure for liquid vapor and condensate.

L'appareil de chauffage électrique selon l'invention a l'avantage d'être d'une réalisation extrêmement simple et d'un fonctionnement efficace, grâce à sa faible inertie thermique. Cette faible inertie thermique est en outre particulièrement intéressante pour la mise en température rapide de l'ensemble de la surface émissive constituée par le panneau ; le liquide caloporteur utilisé dans les appareils de chauffage électrique à inertie « fluide » est remplacée par la vapeur chaude qui se répartit rapidement sur toute la surface d'échange de chaleur et surtout régularise automatiquement la température de cette surface de chauffe puisque les points qui pourraient être froids constituent des points de condensation et de ce fait se réchaufferont préférentiellement aux autres parties de la surface d'échange de chaleur ; ainsi, la surface émissive formée par le panneau prend très rapidement une température uniforme. Cette uniformité de la température assure un échange efficace de chaleur avec l'extérieur principalement par rayonnement. La régularité de la température de l'ensemble de la surface émissive du panneau constitue un moyen de chauffage très confortable du fait de la grande surface de rayonnement et de la régularité de l'évolution de la température.The electric heater according to the invention has the advantage of being of extremely simple construction and efficient operation, thanks to its low thermal inertia. This low thermal inertia is furthermore particularly advantageous for rapidly heating up the entire emitting surface constituted by the panel; the coolant used in the "fluid" inertia electric heaters is replaced by hot steam, which spreads rapidly over the entire heat exchange surface and, above all, automatically regulates the temperature of this heating surface since the points that could being cold constitute points of condensation and therefore will warm up preferentially to the other parts of the heat exchange surface; thus, the emitting surface formed by the panel very quickly assumes a uniform temperature. This uniformity of temperature ensures an efficient exchange of heat with the outside mainly by radiation. The regularity of the temperature of the entire emitting surface of the panel is a very comfortable heating means because of the large radiation surface and the regularity of the temperature evolution.

Le liquide à changement de phase, à faible température d'ébullition, peut être un liquide passant à l'état de vapeur à une température relativement faible et à pression ambiante mais aussi un liquide à faible température d'ébullition à pression très faible, par exemple de l'eau placée dans l'enceinte dans laquelle on a réalisé un certain vide.The phase change liquid, at low boiling point, may be a liquid passing in the vapor state at a relatively low temperature and at ambient pressure but also a low boiling point liquid at very low pressure, example of the water placed in the enclosure in which a certain vacuum has been realized.

L'inertie thermique très faible est également avantageuse pour la régulation automatique de l'appareil en fonction d'une température de consigne. L'abaissement de température rapide du panneau à l'arrêt de l'organe de chauffage réduit les pertes et permet globalement un suivi très précis d'un chauffage programmé.The very low thermal inertia is also advantageous for the automatic regulation of the device according to a set temperature. The rapid temperature drop of the panel when the heating element stops reduces losses and generally allows a very precise monitoring of a programmed heating.

L'enceinte comporte, de préférence, un canal de condensation débouchant dans la partie haute de l'enceinte et relié au réservoir pour former un piège à condensat dans lequel la vapeur se condense pour descendre dans le canal et réalimenter le réservoir afin que celui-ci soit en permanence alimenté et liquide dans les conditions normales de fonctionnement de l'appareil (en l'absence de surchauffe, détectée par la commande de l'appareil).The enclosure preferably comprises a condensation channel opening into the upper part of the enclosure and connected to the reservoir to form a condensate trap in which the vapor condenses to descend into the channel and replenish the reservoir so that it it is permanently powered and liquid under the normal operating conditions of the device (in the absence of overheating, detected by the control of the device).

Cette réalimentation permanente du réservoir permet une mise en circulation de la vapeur régularisant considérablement la température de fonctionnement de l'appareil, ce qui est particulièrement avantageux pour l'effet de chauffage et l'impression physiologique de confort assuré par cet appareil de chauffage électrique tout en réduisant considérablement la puissance par une meilleure utilisation de la puissance disponible.This permanent supply of the tank allows a circulation of the steam regulating considerably the operating temperature of the apparatus, which is particularly advantageous for the heating effect and the physiological impression of comfort provided by this electric heater while significantly reducing power by making better use of available power.

Suivant l'importance de l'appareil de chauffage, c'est-à-dire sa puissance, on pourra prévoir un ou plusieurs canaux de condensation de préférence installés sur les côtés de l'appareil dans le cas où il s'agit d'un panneau. Ces canaux peuvent être intégrés dans l'appareil ou constitués un élément extérieur sous la forme d'un tube de faible section, par exemple placé à l'arrière de l'enceinte, notamment du panneau.Depending on the importance of the heater, that is to say, its power, it can provide one or more condensation channels preferably installed on the sides of the device in the case where it is a sign. These channels can be integrated in the device or constituted an outer element in the form of a small section tube, for example placed at the rear of the enclosure, including the panel.

Suivant une autre caractéristique avantageuse, l'enveloppe fermée est un panneau plan mais il peu également s'agir d'une surface développable telle qu'une surface cylindrique ouverte ou fermée ou une surface conique en fonction de l'implantation de l'appareil de chauffage. Cette grande diversité de formes est rendue possible par le fluide caloporteur qui est de la vapeur et par la très grande régularité de la température de la surface émissive de l'enveloppe fermée.According to another advantageous characteristic, the closed envelope is a flat panel but it can also be a developable surface such as an open or closed cylindrical surface or a conical surface depending on the implantation of the device. heater. This great diversity of forms is made possible by the heat transfer fluid which is steam and by the very great regularity of the temperature of the emitting surface of the closed envelope.

Suivant une autre caractéristique avantageuse, l'enveloppe comporte des chemins de circulation de la vapeur en forme de cheminées. Ces cheminées régularisent la répartition de la vapeur sur toute la surface pour éviter les chemins préférentiels en général les plus directs entre la source de vapeur et la surface de condensation.According to another advantageous characteristic, the casing comprises steam circulation paths in the form of chimneys. These chimneys regulate the distribution of steam over the entire surface to avoid preferential paths, usually the most direct between the steam source and the condensing surface.

Suivant une autre caractéristique avantageuse, la commande comporte un thermostat et/ou un système de régulation électromécanique ou électronique programmable ou non programmable et/ou des moyens de protection pour éviter la surchauffe. Pour des raisons de sécurité suivant la réglementation, la température de la surface émissive, c'est-à-dire du panneau ne doit pas dépasser une température par exemple de 60°C.According to another advantageous characteristic, the control comprises a thermostat and / or a programmable or non-programmable electromechanical or electronic control system and / or protection means to prevent overheating. For safety reasons according to the regulations, the temperature of the emitting surface, that is to say of the panel must not exceed a temperature for example 60 ° C.

Suivant une autre caractéristique avantageuse, l'organe de chauffage est une résistance électrique ou une source de lumière halogène, c'est-à-dire un semi-conducteur de puissance. Il peut également s'agir plus généralement d'une diode. L'organe de chauffage est intégré au réservoir et immergé dans le liquide. Mais il peut également s'agir d'un organe de chauffage extérieur au réservoir, de façon à pouvoir réaliser l'enceinte, y compris le réservoir, de manière scellée et laisser l'organe de chauffage à l'extérieur ce qui le rend indépendant pour son remplacement. Le réservoir peut également être constitué par une surface transparente et l'organe de chauffage, par une source de rayonnement chauffant le liquide du réservoir à travers la paroi transparente.According to another advantageous characteristic, the heating member is an electrical resistance or a halogen light source, that is to say a power semiconductor. It may also be more generally a diode. The heating element is integrated in the reservoir and immersed in the liquid. But it can also be a heater outside the tank, so as to achieve the enclosure, including the tank, sealed and leave the heater outside which makes it independent for its replacement. The reservoir may also be constituted by a transparent surface and the heating member, by a radiation source heating the liquid of the reservoir through the transparent wall.

Dessinsdrawings

La présente invention sera décrite ci-après de manière plus détaillée à l'aide d'un mode de réalisation représenté dans les dessins annexés dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue simplifiée d'un appareil de chauffage selon l'invention,
  • la figure 2 est une vue simplifiée d'un autre mode de réalisation.
The present invention will be described hereinafter in more detail with the aid of an embodiment shown in the accompanying drawings in which:
  • the figure 1 is a simplified view of a heater according to the invention,
  • the figure 2 is a simplified view of another embodiment.

Description de modes de réalisationDescription of embodiments

La figure 1 montre un premier mode de réalisation d'un appareil de chauffage électrique en forme de panneau constituant la surface émissive comprenant un organe de chauffage 100 alimentant une enveloppe fermée 200 en étant géré par une commande 300. Cet appareil de chauffage fonctionne principalement en rayonnement, la convexion ne représentant qu'une faible part de l'échange de chaleur. Le rayonnement est émis par la surface émissive formée par le panneau, notamment la face avant de celui-ci.The figure 1 shows a first embodiment of a panel-shaped electric heater constituting the emitting surface comprising a heating member 100 supplying a closed envelope 200 being managed by a control 300. This heater operates mainly in radiation, the convection representing only a small part of the heat exchange. The radiation is emitted by the emitting surface formed by the panel, in particular the front face thereof.

L'élément de chauffage 100 est constitué par un réservoir 110 de faible volume, dans lequel se trouve un organe de chauffage 120 schématisé par une résistance électrique. L'organe de chauffage 100 peut également être installé à l'extérieur du réservoir 110 pour que l'enceinte formée par le panneau 210 et le réservoir 110 avec le liquide, puisse être scellée en laissant l'organe de chauffage accessible pour son installation ou son remplacement. Dans ce cas, le réservoir peut être avantageusement transparent et l'organe de chauffage, une lampe halogène. Le réservoir 110 reçoit un liquide à changement de phase, à faible température d'ébullition tel qu'un liquide organique, par exemple un alcool ou de l'éther ou un HCFC ou encore un liquide à faible température d'ébullition, à pression réduite voire très réduite comme de l'eau. Le réservoir 110 alimente en vapeur l'enveloppe 200, représentée ici en forme de panneau, surmontant le réservoir 110 et communiquant avec celui-ci. Cette enveloppe fermée 200 est une enceinte hermétique, résistant à une pression interne de l'ordre de quelques bars, par exemple 3,5 bars en régime maximum ; elle est destinée à travailler à une température maximale en régime qui serait de 50 à 60° C. Selon certaines réglementations, la température maximale de la surface émissive que l'on peut toucher est de 60°C pour éviter les accidents par brûlure.The heating element 100 is constituted by a tank 110 of small volume, in which there is a heater 120 schematized by an electrical resistor. The heating member 100 can also be installed outside the tank 110 so that the enclosure formed by the panel 210 and the tank 110 with the liquid can be sealed by leaving the heating element accessible for its installation or his replacement. In this case, the reservoir can be advantageously transparent and the heating element, a halogen lamp. The tank 110 receives a phase change liquid, at a low boiling point such as an organic liquid, for example an alcohol or an ether or an HCFC, or a liquid with a low boiling point, at a reduced pressure. even very small like water. The tank 110 supplies steam to the envelope 200, shown here in the form of a panel, surmounting the tank 110 and communicating therewith. This closed envelope 200 is a hermetic enclosure, resistant to an internal pressure of the order of a few bars, for example 3.5 bars in maximum speed; it is intended to work at a maximum temperature in a regime that would be 50 to 60 ° C. According to some regulations, the maximum temperature of the emitting surface that can be touched is 60 ° C to avoid burn accidents.

Le panneau 210, de forme rectangulaire ou carrée dans cet exemple, est bordé par deux canaux de condensation 220, ouverts en partie haute de l'enceinte. Les canaux forment des pièges de condensation car séparés de la circulation directe de vapeur émise par le réservoir, ils sont des zones froides dans lesquelles la vapeur se condense et descend pour réalimenter le réservoir 100. Le renouvellement de la vapeur dans le ou les canaux se fait par l'équilibre des pressions. Cette circulation de fluides (vapeur, condensat) permet une très grande régularité de la température.The panel 210, of rectangular or square shape in this example, is bordered by two condensation channels 220, open at the top of the enclosure. The channels form condensation traps because separated from the direct circulation of vapor emitted by the tank, they are cold zones in which the vapor condenses and goes down to replenish the tank 100. The renewal of the steam in the channel or channels is done by the balance of pressures. This circulation of fluids (steam, condensate) allows a very great regularity of the temperature.

Par souci d'homogénéisation, il est préférable de prévoir un canal de condensation de chaque côté. On peut également ne prévoir qu'un canal de condensation. Enfin, le ou les canaux de condensation peuvent être réalisés derrière le panneau.For the sake of homogenization, it is preferable to provide a condensation channel on each side. It is also possible to provide only one condensation channel. Finally, the condensation channel or channels can be made behind the panel.

Le panneau 210 formant la surface émissive, peut être en une seule matière, par exemple en tôle soudée ou en deux matières, l'une relativement isolante et l'autre conductrice de chaleur de façon que seule la face avant soit émissive et que la face arrière soit isolante.The panel 210 forming the emitting surface may be of a single material, for example welded sheet or two materials, one relatively insulating and the other heat conductor so that only the front face is emissive and the face back is insulating.

L'enceinte 200 ainsi formée est scellée de manière étanche pour que le fluide liquide / vapeur circule en boucle dans le panneau en fonction de l'énergie fournie par l'organe de chauffage 120, dépendant de la température de consigne fixée.The chamber 200 thus formed is sealingly sealed so that the liquid / vapor fluid circulates in a loop in the panel as a function of the energy supplied by the heating member 120, depending on the set target temperature.

Cet organe de chauffage 120 est une résistance mais il peut également s'agir d'un autre composant électrique/électronique dégageant de la chaleur tel qu'une lampe halogène.This heating member 120 is a resistor but it can also be another electrical / electronic component generating heat such as a halogen lamp.

La commande 300 règle le fonctionnement de l'appareil et sa mise en sécurité. La commande comporte un thermostat réglable 310 permettant de fixer une température de consigne. Elle est également reliée à un capteur de pression 320 installé dans l'enceinte et surveillant la pression pour éviter toute surpression ainsi qu'un capteur de niveau de liquide 330 pour que l'organe de chauffe ne fonctionne que si le réservoir 110 contient un niveau suffisant de liquide et assure un contrôle de l'absence de liquide. Un capteur de température 340 surveille la température de la surface émissive.The command 300 regulates the operation of the apparatus and its setting in security. The control includes an adjustable thermostat 310 for setting a set temperature. It is also connected to a pressure sensor 320 installed in the enclosure and monitoring the pressure to prevent overpressure and a liquid level sensor 330 so that the heater only operates if the tank 110 contains a level sufficient liquid and ensures control of the absence of liquid. A temperature sensor 340 monitors the temperature of the emitting surface.

L'appareil de chauffage décrit ci-dessus avec une enveloppe 200 en forme de panneau peut avoir une forme autre que plane.The heater described above with a panel-shaped envelope 200 may have a shape other than planar.

La figure 2 montre un autre mode de réalisation d'un appareil de chauffage électrique également avec une enveloppe 200A en forme de panneau 210A. En partie basse, il comporte le réservoir 110A avec l'élément de chauffage 120A. Le réservoir 110A communique avec l'enceinte 200A dans laquelle il débouche pour le passage de la vapeur.The figure 2 shows another embodiment of an electric heater also with a panel-shaped envelope 200A 210A. In the lower part, it comprises the tank 110A with the heating element 120A. The tank 110A communicates with the chamber 200A in which it opens for the passage of steam.

Le panneau 210A comporte des cheminées 211A par lesquelles remonte la vapeur. L'enveloppe 200A est bordée par deux canaux de condensation 220A dont l'entrée est en partie haute de l'enceinte et qui sont reliés en partie basse, au réservoir 110A. la vapeur se condense ainsi de préférence dans ces canaux, notamment de faible section, pour y descendre à l'état de condensat et en étant également poussés par le renouvellement de vapeur dégagée par le réservoir et l'organe de chauffage. Le canal de condensation 220A est, de préférence, comme ici, un canal extérieur en forme de tube constituant une zone d'autant plus froide qu'il est à l'extérieur et échange plus rapidement la chaleur que s'il était dans le panneau ; il piège ainsi la vapeur et la condense pour réalimenter le réservoir 110A. Le recyclage de la vapeur par condensation dans le canal 220A permet de créer une circulation de vapeur à température très stable et uniforme. De façon avantageuse, le ou les canaux de condensation sont réalisés dans le panneau lui-même de préférence formé par l'assemblage de deux tôles embouties avec les différentes formes.The panel 210A has chimneys 211A through which the steam rises. The envelope 200A is bordered by two condensation channels 220A whose input is at the top of the enclosure and which are connected at the bottom, to the tank 110A. the vapor is thus condensed preferably in these channels, in particular of small section, to descend into the condensate state and also being pushed by the renewal of steam released by the tank and the heating member. Condensation channel 220A is preferably, as here, an outer channel in the form of a tube constituting a zone which is all the colder than it is on the outside and exchanges heat more rapidly than if it were in the panel ; it thus traps the steam and the condensate to replenish the tank 110A. The recycling of condensation steam in the 220A channel creates a very stable and uniform temperature circulation of steam. Advantageously, the condensation channel or channels are made in the panel itself, preferably formed by the assembly of two stamped sheets with the different shapes.

Le panneau 210A est équipé d'une commande 300A qui gère le fonctionnement pour la régulation de la température à l'aide d'un thermostat et les fonctions de sécurité, pour régler la pression à une valeur maximale, par exemple 3,5 bars et éviter le fonctionnement de l'organe de chauffage 120A en l'absence de liquide, si celui-ci est complètement vaporisé.The 210A panel is equipped with a 300A control which manages the operation for the regulation of the temperature by means of a thermostat and the safety functions, to set the pressure to a maximum value, for example 3.5 bar and avoid the operation of the heater 120A in the absence of liquid, if it is completely vaporized.

Le panneau 210A est formé par l'assemblage de deux plaques, par exemple en tôle, mise en forme pour avoir des cheminées et des surfaces intermédiaires 212A soit découpées, soit constituées par la matière et augmentant la surface d'émission, principalement par rayonnement.The panel 210A is formed by the assembly of two plates, for example made of sheet metal, shaped to have chimneys and intermediate surfaces 212A either cut or formed by the material and increasing the emission surface, mainly by radiation.

Le volume de liquide dans l'appareil de chauffage quel que soit son mode de réalisation, est défini en fonction de la forme du panneau et de la puissance demandée à l'appareil de chauffage.The volume of liquid in the heater regardless of its embodiment, is defined according to the shape of the panel and the power demanded from the heater.

Plusieurs panneaux peuvent être combinés à une seule régulation de température et être gérés par un thermostat unique, les fonctions de sécurité restant propres à chaque appareil telles que la sécurité en cas d'évaporation totale du liquide, coupant l'organe de chauffe ou encore de limitation de la pression à l'intérieur du panneau pour ne pas dépasser une pression par exemple de 3,5 bars.Multiple panels can be combined with a single temperature control and managed by a single thermostat, the security functions remaining unique to each device such as security in the event of total evaporation of the liquid, cutting off the heating element or else limiting the pressure inside the panel so as not to exceed a pressure of, for example, 3.5 bar.

Cela permet une conception modulaire d'une installation de chauffage avec des éléments modulaires constitués chacun comme ceux représentés aux figures 1 ou 2 et correspondant à une puissance élémentaire. La combinaison de deux ou plusieurs panneaux permet d'obtenir une gamme de puissances.This allows a modular design of a heating installation with modular elements each constituted as those shown in Figures 1 or 2 and corresponding to an elemental power. The combination of two or more panels provides a range of powers.

Claims (8)

Appareil de chauffage électrique avec une surface émissive notamment en forme de panneau,
caractérisé en ce qu'
il comprend A- un élément de chauffage (100) ayant - un réservoir (110) recevant un faible volume de liquide à changement de phase et faible température d'ébullition, et - un organe de chauffage électrique (120) pour le liquide du réservoir (110), B- une enveloppe fermée (200) formant la surface émissive (210) surmontant le réservoir (110) et communiquant avec celui-ci pour former une enceinte hermétique résistant à la pression, pour la vapeur de liquide et le condensat. Electric heating apparatus with an emitting surface, especially in the form of a panel,
characterized in that
He understands A- a heating element (100) having a reservoir (110) receiving a small volume of liquid with a phase change and a low boiling point, and an electric heating element (120) for the liquid of the tank (110), B- a closed envelope (200) forming the emitting surface (210) surmounting the tank (110) and communicating therewith to form a pressure-resistant hermetic enclosure for liquid vapor and condensate. Appareil de chauffage électrique selon la revendication 1,
caractérisé par
un canal de condensation (220, 22A) débouchant dans la partie haute de l'enceinte et relié au réservoir (110, 110A).Electric heating apparatus according to claim 1,
characterized by
a condensation channel (220, 22A) opening into the upper part of the enclosure and connected to the tank (110, 110A). Appareil de chauffage électrique selon la revendication 1,
caractérisé en ce que
l'organe de chauffage est installé dans le réservoir.Electric heating apparatus according to claim 1,
characterized in that
the heating element is installed in the tank. Appareil de chauffage électrique selon la revendication 1,
caractérisé en ce que
l'enveloppe fermée est un panneau plan.Electric heating apparatus according to claim 1,
characterized in that
the closed envelope is a flat panel. Appareil de chauffage électrique selon la revendication 1,
caractérisé en ce que
l'enveloppe (200A) comporte des chemins de circulation de la vapeur, en forme de cheminées (211A).Electric heating apparatus according to claim 1,
characterized in that
the casing (200A) comprises steam-circulation paths, in the form of chimneys (211A). Appareil de chauffage électrique selon la revendication 1,
caractérisé par
une commande (300) reliée à l'organe de chauffage, comportant un thermostat et/ou un système de régulation électromécanique ou électronique programmable ou non programmable et/ou des moyens de protection pour éviter la surchauffe ou la montée en pression de la vapeur.Electric heating apparatus according to claim 1,
characterized by
a control (300) connected to the heating element, comprising a thermostat and / or an electromechanical or electronic control system programmable or non-programmable and / or protection means to prevent overheating or rise in pressure of the steam. Appareil de chauffage électrique selon la revendication 1,
caractérisé en ce que
l'organe de chauffage est une résistance électrique ou une lampe halogène.Electric heating apparatus according to claim 1,
characterized in that
the heating element is an electrical resistance or a halogen lamp. Appareil de chauffage électrique selon la revendication 1,
caractérisé par
un capteur de température de la surface émissive.Electric heating apparatus according to claim 1,
characterized by
a temperature sensor of the emitting surface.
EP07301486.2A 2007-03-16 2007-10-24 Electrical heating device Not-in-force EP1970640B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0753875A FR2913848A1 (en) 2007-03-16 2007-03-16 ELECTRIC HEATING APPARATUS

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1970640A1 true EP1970640A1 (en) 2008-09-17
EP1970640B1 EP1970640B1 (en) 2017-09-13

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07301486.2A Not-in-force EP1970640B1 (en) 2007-03-16 2007-10-24 Electrical heating device

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US (1) US20080223846A1 (en)
EP (1) EP1970640B1 (en)
FR (2) FR2913848A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

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US8096062B1 (en) * 2008-10-08 2012-01-17 Bellen Mark L Towel drying system

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AU513743B2 (en) * 1977-04-19 1980-12-18 Tomassi Alberto Improved heater
FR2654808A1 (en) * 1989-11-20 1991-05-24 Teytu Andre Radiator with an electric heating element
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2455688A (en) * 1947-02-11 1948-12-07 Sentry Safety Control Corp Portable electric steam radiator
US2521173A (en) * 1947-04-11 1950-09-05 Koral Morris Steam electric radiator
AU513743B2 (en) * 1977-04-19 1980-12-18 Tomassi Alberto Improved heater
FR2654808A1 (en) * 1989-11-20 1991-05-24 Teytu Andre Radiator with an electric heating element
DE19539720A1 (en) * 1994-11-02 1996-05-15 Kopuran Sapporo Kk Heating body for melting ice and snow on streets
US5963708A (en) * 1996-10-02 1999-10-05 Well Men Industrial Co., Ltd. Heating system
DE10297819T5 (en) * 2002-11-28 2005-10-06 Kohno Co., Ltd., Hakodate panel radiators
US20060083494A1 (en) * 2003-01-11 2006-04-20 Hyung-Gon Kim Electric heating pipe and electric heating apparatus using it

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20080223846A1 (en) 2008-09-18
FR2913848A1 (en) 2008-09-19
EP1970640B1 (en) 2017-09-13
FR2915052B1 (en) 2015-04-03
FR2915052A1 (en) 2008-10-17

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