EP1970640B1 - Electrical heating device - Google Patents

Electrical heating device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1970640B1
EP1970640B1 EP07301486.2A EP07301486A EP1970640B1 EP 1970640 B1 EP1970640 B1 EP 1970640B1 EP 07301486 A EP07301486 A EP 07301486A EP 1970640 B1 EP1970640 B1 EP 1970640B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrical heating
tank
appliance according
heating appliance
panel
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Not-in-force
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EP07301486.2A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1970640A1 (en
Inventor
Dominique Akel
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JAEGER Sas
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Jaeger Sas
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Publication of EP1970640A1 publication Critical patent/EP1970640A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/002—Air heaters using electric energy supply
    • F24H3/004—Air heaters using electric energy supply with a closed circuit for a heat transfer liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/0005—Details for water heaters
    • F24H9/001—Guiding means
    • F24H9/0015—Guiding means in water channels

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electric heating apparatus with an emitting surface, in particular in the form of a panel.
  • phase-change electric heater formed by two panels constituting over their entire surface, vertical channels fed at the top by steam and passing the condensates into a manifold connected by a connecting pipe to the base an enclosure 30 forming a steam generator.
  • This enclosure 30 is housed in the gap between the two panels, substantially mid-height thereof.
  • This inclined prismatic chamber is connected by its upper end collecting the vapors, by a pipe, to the upper part of the two panels above the vertical channels. The vapor goes down into the canals and condenses.
  • the channels are filled to the high point of the volume of the steam generator with the liquid since the heating resistances of the steam generator must be immersed in the liquid.
  • Electric convectors consist of a housing housing an electrical resistance that heats circulating air, entering the lower part into the housing and outgoing, in the upper part.
  • the apparatuses working by radiation have an emitting surface constituted by an enclosure containing a volume of liquid heated by an immersion heater such as, for example, bathroom towel radiators.
  • an immersion heater such as, for example, bathroom towel radiators.
  • radiant heaters with solid ceramic, aluminum or cast iron elements with electrical resistances included are called “dry” inertia systems as opposed to other "fluid” inertial systems.
  • These heaters use electrical resistors with power ranging from 500 to 2500 Watts.
  • thermal inertia of these devices is relatively large which reduces the efficiency of the control and results in a significant enough power consumption which can be reduced only to a limited extent by electromechanical or electronic control programmable or non-programmable.
  • This device has the disadvantage of having an emitting surface for the heat exchange by radiation, possibly and to a lesser extent by convection which is hot at the top because of the contact with the steam and cold at the bottom because of the contact. with the condensates in the chimneys.
  • the object of the present invention is to develop an electric heating device with an effective emissive surface which makes it possible to significantly reduce the electrical consumption for the same heating quality and which is of simple and economical construction.
  • the present invention relates to an electric heater according to claim 1.
  • the electric heater according to the invention has the advantage of being an extremely simple embodiment and efficient operation, thanks to its low thermal inertia.
  • This low thermal inertia is furthermore particularly advantageous for rapidly heating up the entire emitting surface constituted by the panel; the coolant used in the "fluid" inertia electric heaters is replaced by hot steam, which spreads rapidly over the entire heat exchange surface and, above all, automatically regulates the temperature of this heating surface since the points that could being cold constitute points of condensation and therefore will warm up preferentially to the other parts of the heat exchange surface; thus, the emitting surface formed by the panel very quickly assumes a uniform temperature.
  • This uniformity of temperature ensures an efficient exchange of heat with the outside mainly by radiation.
  • the regularity of the temperature of the entire emitting surface of the panel is a very comfortable heating means because of the large radiation surface and the regularity of the temperature evolution.
  • the phase change liquid at low boiling point, may be a liquid passing in the vapor state at a relatively low temperature and at ambient pressure but also a low boiling point liquid at very low pressure, example of the water placed in the enclosure in which a certain vacuum has been realized.
  • the very low thermal inertia is also advantageous for the automatic regulation of the device according to a set temperature.
  • the rapid temperature drop of the panel when the heating element stops reduces losses and generally allows a very precise monitoring of a programmed heating.
  • the enclosure preferably comprises a condensation channel opening into the upper part of the enclosure and connected to the reservoir to form a condensate trap in which the vapor condenses to descend into the channel and replenish the reservoir so that it it is permanently powered and liquid under the normal operating conditions of the device (in the absence of overheating, detected by the control of the device).
  • This permanent supply of the tank allows a circulation of the steam regulating considerably the operating temperature of the apparatus, which is particularly advantageous for the heating effect and the physiological impression of comfort provided by this electric heater while significantly reducing power by making better use of available power.
  • the heater can provide one or more condensation channels preferably installed on the sides of the device in the case where it is a sign.
  • These channels can be integrated in the device or constituted an outer element in the form of a small section tube, for example placed at the rear of the enclosure, including the panel.
  • the closed envelope is a flat panel but it can also be a developable surface such as an open or closed cylindrical surface or a conical surface depending on the implantation of the device. heater.
  • This great diversity of forms is made possible by the heat transfer fluid which is steam and by the very great regularity of the temperature of the emitting surface of the closed envelope.
  • the casing comprises steam circulation paths in the form of chimneys. These chimneys regulate the distribution of steam over the entire surface to avoid preferential paths, usually the most direct between the steam source and the condensing surface.
  • the control comprises a thermostat and / or a programmable or non-programmable electromechanical or electronic control system and / or protection means to prevent overheating.
  • the temperature of the emitting surface that is to say of the panel must not exceed a temperature for example 60 ° C.
  • the heating member is an electrical resistance or a halogen light source, that is to say a power semiconductor. It may also be more generally a diode.
  • the heating element is integrated in the reservoir and immersed in the liquid. But it can also be a heater outside the tank, so as to achieve the enclosure, including the tank, sealed and leave the heater outside which makes it independent for its replacement.
  • the reservoir may also be constituted by a transparent surface and the heating member, by a radiation source heating the liquid of the reservoir through the transparent wall.
  • the figure 1 shows a first embodiment of a panel-shaped electric heater constituting the emitting surface comprising a heating member 120 supplying a closed envelope 200 being managed by a control 300.
  • This heater operates mainly in radiation, the convection representing only a small part of the heat exchange.
  • the radiation is emitted by the emitting surface formed by the panel, in particular the front face thereof.
  • the heating element 100 is constituted by a tank 110 of small volume, in which there is a heater 120 schematized by an electrical resistor.
  • the heating element 120 can also be installed outside the tank 110 so that the enclosure formed by the panel 210 and the tank 110 with the liquid can be sealed leaving the heating element accessible for its installation or his replacement.
  • the reservoir can be advantageously transparent and the heating element, a halogen lamp.
  • the tank 110 receives a phase-change liquid, at a low boiling point such as an organic liquid, for example an alcohol or an ether or an HCFC, or a liquid with a low boiling point, at a reduced pressure. even very small like water.
  • the tank 110 supplies steam to the envelope 200, shown here in the form of a panel, surmounting the tank 110 and communicating therewith.
  • This closed envelope 200 is a hermetic enclosure, resistant to an internal pressure of the order of a few bars, for example 3.5 bars in revs maximum; it is intended to work at a maximum temperature in a regime that would be 50 to 60 ° C. According to some regulations, the maximum temperature of the emitting surface that can be touched is 60 ° C to avoid burn accidents.
  • the panel 210 of rectangular or square shape in this example, is bordered by two condensation channels 220, open at the top of the enclosure.
  • the channels form condensation traps because separated from the direct circulation of vapor emitted by the tank, they are cold zones in which the vapor condenses and goes down to replenish the tank 100.
  • the renewal of the steam in the channel or channels is done by the balance of pressures. This circulation of fluids (steam, condensate) allows a very great regularity of the temperature.
  • condensation channel On each side. It is also possible to provide only one condensation channel. Finally, the condensation channel or channels can be made behind the panel.
  • the panel 210 forming the emitting surface may be of a single material, for example welded sheet or two materials, one relatively insulating and the other heat conductor so that only the front face is emissive and the face back is insulating.
  • the chamber 200 thus formed is sealingly sealed so that the liquid / vapor fluid circulates in a loop in the panel as a function of the energy supplied by the heating member 120, depending on the set target temperature.
  • This heating member 120 is a resistor but it can also be another electrical / electronic component generating heat such as a halogen lamp.
  • the command 300 regulates the operation of the apparatus and its setting in security.
  • the control includes an adjustable thermostat 310 for setting a set temperature. It is also connected to a pressure sensor 320 installed in the enclosure and monitoring the pressure to prevent overpressure and a liquid level sensor 330 so that the heater only operates if the tank 110 contains a level sufficient liquid and ensures control of the absence of liquid.
  • a temperature sensor 340 monitors the temperature of the emitting surface.
  • the heater described above with a panel-shaped envelope 200 may have a shape other than planar.
  • the figure 2 shows another embodiment of an electric heater also with a panel-shaped envelope 200A 210A.
  • the tank 110A with the heating element 120A.
  • the tank 110A communicates with the chamber 200A in which it opens for the passage of steam.
  • the panel 210A has chimneys 211A through which the steam rises.
  • the envelope 200A is bordered by two condensation channels 220A whose input is at the top of the enclosure and which are connected at the bottom, to the tank 110A.
  • the vapor is thus condensed preferably in these channels, in particular of small section, to descend into the condensate state and also being pushed by the renewal of steam released by the tank and the heating member.
  • Condensation channel 220A is preferably, as here, an outer channel in the form of a tube constituting a zone which is all the colder than it is on the outside and exchanges heat more rapidly than if it were in the panel ; it thus traps the steam and the condensate to replenish the tank 110A.
  • the recycling of condensation steam in the 220A channel creates a very stable and uniform temperature circulation of steam.
  • the condensation channel or channels are made in the panel itself, preferably formed by the assembly of two stamped sheets with the different shapes.
  • the 210A panel is equipped with a 300A control which manages the operation for the regulation of the temperature by means of a thermostat and the safety functions, to set the pressure to a maximum value, for example 3.5 bar and avoid the operation of the heater 120A in the absence of liquid, if it is completely vaporized.
  • a 300A control which manages the operation for the regulation of the temperature by means of a thermostat and the safety functions, to set the pressure to a maximum value, for example 3.5 bar and avoid the operation of the heater 120A in the absence of liquid, if it is completely vaporized.
  • the panel 210A is formed by the assembly of two plates, for example made of sheet metal, shaped to have chimneys and intermediate surfaces 212A either cut or formed by the material and increasing the emission surface, mainly by radiation.
  • the volume of liquid in the heater regardless of its embodiment, is defined according to the shape of the panel and the power demanded from the heater.
  • Multiple panels can be combined with a single temperature control and managed by a single thermostat, the security functions remaining unique to each device such as security in the event of total evaporation of the liquid, cutting off the heating element or else limiting the pressure inside the panel so as not to exceed a pressure of, for example, 3.5 bar.

Description

Domaine de l'inventionField of the invention

La présente invention concerne un appareil de chauffage électrique avec une surface émissive notamment en forme de panneau.The present invention relates to an electric heating apparatus with an emitting surface, in particular in the form of a panel.

« Il existe déjà différents appareils de chauffage électrique utilisant un liquide à changement de phase. Parmi ces appareils, le document AU 513743 B2 Tomassi décrit un tel appareil de chauffage électrique à changement de phase formé par deux panneaux constituant sur toute leur surface, des canaux verticaux alimentés en partie haute par de la vapeur et faisant passer les condensats dans un collecteur relié par une conduite de liaison à la base d'une enceinte 30 formant un générateur de vapeur. Cette enceinte 30 est logée dans l'intervalle entre les deux panneaux, sensiblement à mi-hauteur de ceux-ci. Cette enceinte de forme prismatique inclinée est reliée par son extrémité supérieure collectant les vapeurs, par une conduite, à la partie supérieure des deux panneaux au-dessus des canaux verticaux. La vapeur descend dans les canaux et se condense. Les canaux sont remplis jusqu'au point haut du volume du générateur de vapeur avec le liquide puisque les résistances chauffantes du générateur de vapeur doivent être immergées dans le liquide."There are already various electric heaters using a phase change fluid. Among these devices, the document AU 513743 B2 Tomassi describes such a phase-change electric heater formed by two panels constituting over their entire surface, vertical channels fed at the top by steam and passing the condensates into a manifold connected by a connecting pipe to the base an enclosure 30 forming a steam generator. This enclosure 30 is housed in the gap between the two panels, substantially mid-height thereof. This inclined prismatic chamber is connected by its upper end collecting the vapors, by a pipe, to the upper part of the two panels above the vertical channels. The vapor goes down into the canals and condenses. The channels are filled to the high point of the volume of the steam generator with the liquid since the heating resistances of the steam generator must be immersed in the liquid.

Etat de la techniqueState of the art

Il existe différents systèmes d'appareils de chauffage électriques notamment en forme de panneau à usage domestique pour le grand public. Ces appareils de chauffage utilisent soit la convexion soit le rayonnement.There are various systems of electric heaters especially shaped panel for domestic use for the general public. These heaters use either convection or radiation.

Les convecteurs électriques sont constitués par un boîtier logeant une résistance électrique qui chauffe de l'air mis en circulation, entrant en partie basse dans le boîtier et sortant, en partie haute.Electric convectors consist of a housing housing an electrical resistance that heats circulating air, entering the lower part into the housing and outgoing, in the upper part.

Les appareils travaillant par rayonnement ont une surface émissive constituée par une enceinte contenant un volume de liquide chauffé par un thermoplongeur comme par exemple, les radiateurs sèche-serviettes de salles de bains. Il existe également des appareils de chauffage par rayonnement comportant des éléments solides en céramique, en aluminium ou en fonte avec des résistances électriques incluses. Ces appareils sont appelés systèmes à inertie « sec » par opposition aux autres systèmes à inertie « fluide ».The apparatuses working by radiation have an emitting surface constituted by an enclosure containing a volume of liquid heated by an immersion heater such as, for example, bathroom towel radiators. There are also radiant heaters with solid ceramic, aluminum or cast iron elements with electrical resistances included. These devices are called "dry" inertia systems as opposed to other "fluid" inertial systems.

Ces appareils de chauffage utilisent des résistances électriques d'une puissance allant de 500 à 2 500 Watts.These heaters use electrical resistors with power ranging from 500 to 2500 Watts.

L'inertie thermique de ces appareils est relativement grande ce qui réduit l'efficacité de la régulation et se traduit par une consommation électrique assez importante qui ne peut se réduire que de façon limitée par la régulation électromécanique ou électronique programmable ou non programmable.The thermal inertia of these devices is relatively large which reduces the efficiency of the control and results in a significant enough power consumption which can be reduced only to a limited extent by electromechanical or electronic control programmable or non-programmable.

Cet appareil a l'inconvénient d'avoir une surface émissive pour l'échange de chaleur par radiation, éventuellement et à moindre degré par convection qui est chaude en partie haute du fait du contact avec la vapeur et froide en partie basse du fait du contact avec les condensats dans les cheminées.This device has the disadvantage of having an emitting surface for the heat exchange by radiation, possibly and to a lesser extent by convection which is hot at the top because of the contact with the steam and cold at the bottom because of the contact. with the condensates in the chimneys.

But de l'inventionPurpose of the invention

La présente invention a pour but de développer un appareil de chauffage électrique, à surface émissive, efficace, permettant de réduire de manière importante la consommation électrique pour une même qualité de chauffage et qui soit de construction simple et économique.The object of the present invention is to develop an electric heating device with an effective emissive surface which makes it possible to significantly reduce the electrical consumption for the same heating quality and which is of simple and economical construction.

Exposé et avantage de l'inventionExposé and advantage of the invention

A cet effet, la présente invention concerne un appareil de chauffage électrique selon la revendication 1. L'appareil de chauffage électrique selon l'invention a l'avantage d'être d'une réalisation extrêmement simple et d'un fonctionnement efficace, grâce à sa faible inertie thermique. Cette faible inertie thermique est en outre particulièrement intéressante pour la mise en température rapide de l'ensemble de la surface émissive constituée par le panneau ; le liquide caloporteur utilisé dans les appareils de chauffage électrique à inertie « fluide » est remplacée par la vapeur chaude qui se répartit rapidement sur toute la surface d'échange de chaleur et surtout régularise automatiquement la température de cette surface de chauffe puisque les points qui pourraient être froids constituent des points de condensation et de ce fait se réchaufferont préférentiellement aux autres parties de la surface d'échange de chaleur ; ainsi, la surface émissive formée par le panneau prend très rapidement une température uniforme. Cette uniformité de la température assure un échange efficace de chaleur avec l'extérieur principalement par rayonnement. La régularité de la température de l'ensemble de la surface émissive du panneau constitue un moyen de chauffage très confortable du fait de la grande surface de rayonnement et de la régularité de l'évolution de la température.For this purpose, the present invention relates to an electric heater according to claim 1. The electric heater according to the invention has the advantage of being an extremely simple embodiment and efficient operation, thanks to its low thermal inertia. This low thermal inertia is furthermore particularly advantageous for rapidly heating up the entire emitting surface constituted by the panel; the coolant used in the "fluid" inertia electric heaters is replaced by hot steam, which spreads rapidly over the entire heat exchange surface and, above all, automatically regulates the temperature of this heating surface since the points that could being cold constitute points of condensation and therefore will warm up preferentially to the other parts of the heat exchange surface; thus, the emitting surface formed by the panel very quickly assumes a uniform temperature. This uniformity of temperature ensures an efficient exchange of heat with the outside mainly by radiation. The regularity of the temperature of the entire emitting surface of the panel is a very comfortable heating means because of the large radiation surface and the regularity of the temperature evolution.

Le liquide à changement de phase, à faible température d'ébullition, peut être un liquide passant à l'état de vapeur à une température relativement faible et à pression ambiante mais aussi un liquide à faible température d'ébullition à pression très faible, par exemple de l'eau placée dans l'enceinte dans laquelle on a réalisé un certain vide.The phase change liquid, at low boiling point, may be a liquid passing in the vapor state at a relatively low temperature and at ambient pressure but also a low boiling point liquid at very low pressure, example of the water placed in the enclosure in which a certain vacuum has been realized.

L'inertie thermique très faible est également avantageuse pour la régulation automatique de l'appareil en fonction d'une température de consigne. L'abaissement de température rapide du panneau à l'arrêt de l'organe de chauffage réduit les pertes et permet globalement un suivi très précis d'un chauffage programmé.The very low thermal inertia is also advantageous for the automatic regulation of the device according to a set temperature. The rapid temperature drop of the panel when the heating element stops reduces losses and generally allows a very precise monitoring of a programmed heating.

L'enceinte comporte, de préférence, un canal de condensation débouchant dans la partie haute de l'enceinte et relié au réservoir pour former un piège à condensat dans lequel la vapeur se condense pour descendre dans le canal et réalimenter le réservoir afin que celui-ci soit en permanence alimenté et liquide dans les conditions normales de fonctionnement de l'appareil (en l'absence de surchauffe, détectée par la commande de l'appareil).The enclosure preferably comprises a condensation channel opening into the upper part of the enclosure and connected to the reservoir to form a condensate trap in which the vapor condenses to descend into the channel and replenish the reservoir so that it it is permanently powered and liquid under the normal operating conditions of the device (in the absence of overheating, detected by the control of the device).

Cette réalimentation permanente du réservoir permet une mise en circulation de la vapeur régularisant considérablement la température de fonctionnement de l'appareil, ce qui est particulièrement avantageux pour l'effet de chauffage et l'impression physiologique de confort assuré par cet appareil de chauffage électrique tout en réduisant considérablement la puissance par une meilleure utilisation de la puissance disponible.This permanent supply of the tank allows a circulation of the steam regulating considerably the operating temperature of the apparatus, which is particularly advantageous for the heating effect and the physiological impression of comfort provided by this electric heater while significantly reducing power by making better use of available power.

Suivant l'importance de l'appareil de chauffage, c'est-à-dire sa puissance, on pourra prévoir un ou plusieurs canaux de condensation de préférence installés sur les côtés de l'appareil dans le cas où il s'agit d'un panneau. Ces canaux peuvent être intégrés dans l'appareil ou constitués un élément extérieur sous la forme d'un tube de faible section, par exemple placé à l'arrière de l'enceinte, notamment du panneau.Depending on the importance of the heater, that is to say, its power, it can provide one or more condensation channels preferably installed on the sides of the device in the case where it is a sign. These channels can be integrated in the device or constituted an outer element in the form of a small section tube, for example placed at the rear of the enclosure, including the panel.

Suivant une autre caractéristique avantageuse, l'enveloppe fermée est un panneau plan mais il peu également s'agir d'une surface développable telle qu'une surface cylindrique ouverte ou fermée ou une surface conique en fonction de l'implantation de l'appareil de chauffage. Cette grande diversité de formes est rendue possible par le fluide caloporteur qui est de la vapeur et par la très grande régularité de la température de la surface émissive de l'enveloppe fermée.According to another advantageous characteristic, the closed envelope is a flat panel but it can also be a developable surface such as an open or closed cylindrical surface or a conical surface depending on the implantation of the device. heater. This great diversity of forms is made possible by the heat transfer fluid which is steam and by the very great regularity of the temperature of the emitting surface of the closed envelope.

Suivant une autre caractéristique avantageuse, l'enveloppe comporte des chemins de circulation de la vapeur en forme de cheminées. Ces cheminées régularisent la répartition de la vapeur sur toute la surface pour éviter les chemins préférentiels en général les plus directs entre la source de vapeur et la surface de condensation.According to another advantageous characteristic, the casing comprises steam circulation paths in the form of chimneys. These chimneys regulate the distribution of steam over the entire surface to avoid preferential paths, usually the most direct between the steam source and the condensing surface.

Suivant une autre caractéristique avantageuse, la commande comporte un thermostat et/ou un système de régulation électromécanique ou électronique programmable ou non programmable et/ou des moyens de protection pour éviter la surchauffe. Pour des raisons de sécurité suivant la réglementation, la température de la surface émissive, c'est-à-dire du panneau ne doit pas dépasser une température par exemple de 60°C.According to another advantageous characteristic, the control comprises a thermostat and / or a programmable or non-programmable electromechanical or electronic control system and / or protection means to prevent overheating. For safety reasons according to the regulations, the temperature of the emitting surface, that is to say of the panel must not exceed a temperature for example 60 ° C.

Suivant une autre caractéristique avantageuse, l'organe de chauffage est une résistance électrique ou une source de lumière halogène, c'est-à-dire un semi-conducteur de puissance. Il peut également s'agir plus généralement d'une diode. L'organe de chauffage est intégré au réservoir et immergé dans le liquide. Mais il peut également s'agir d'un organe de chauffage extérieur au réservoir, de façon à pouvoir réaliser l'enceinte, y compris le réservoir, de manière scellée et laisser l'organe de chauffage à l'extérieur ce qui le rend indépendant pour son remplacement. Le réservoir peut également être constitué par une surface transparente et l'organe de chauffage, par une source de rayonnement chauffant le liquide du réservoir à travers la paroi transparente.According to another advantageous characteristic, the heating member is an electrical resistance or a halogen light source, that is to say a power semiconductor. It may also be more generally a diode. The heating element is integrated in the reservoir and immersed in the liquid. But it can also be a heater outside the tank, so as to achieve the enclosure, including the tank, sealed and leave the heater outside which makes it independent for its replacement. The reservoir may also be constituted by a transparent surface and the heating member, by a radiation source heating the liquid of the reservoir through the transparent wall.

Dessinsdrawings

La présente invention sera décrite ci-après de manière plus détaillée à l'aide d'un mode de réalisation représenté dans les dessins annexés dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue simplifiée d'un appareil de chauffage selon l'invention,
  • la figure 2 est une vue simplifiée d'un autre mode de réalisation.
The present invention will be described hereinafter in more detail with the aid of an embodiment shown in the accompanying drawings in which:
  • the figure 1 is a simplified view of a heater according to the invention,
  • the figure 2 is a simplified view of another embodiment.

Description de modes de réalisationDescription of embodiments

La figure 1 montre un premier mode de réalisation d'un appareil de chauffage électrique en forme de panneau constituant la surface émissive comprenant un organe de chauffage 120 alimentant une enveloppe fermée 200 en étant géré par une commande 300. Cet appareil de chauffage fonctionne principalement en rayonnement, la convexion ne représentant qu'une faible part de l'échange de chaleur. Le rayonnement est émis par la surface émissive formée par le panneau, notamment la face avant de celui-ci.The figure 1 shows a first embodiment of a panel-shaped electric heater constituting the emitting surface comprising a heating member 120 supplying a closed envelope 200 being managed by a control 300. This heater operates mainly in radiation, the convection representing only a small part of the heat exchange. The radiation is emitted by the emitting surface formed by the panel, in particular the front face thereof.

L'élément de chauffage 100 est constitué par un réservoir 110 de faible volume, dans lequel se trouve un organe de chauffage 120 schématisé par une résistance électrique. L'organe de chauffage 120 peut également être installé à l'extérieur du réservoir 110 pour que l'enceinte formée par le panneau 210 et le réservoir 110 avec le liquide, puisse être scellée en laissant l'organe de chauffage accessible pour son installation ou son remplacement. Dans ce cas, le réservoir peut être avantageusement transparent et l'organe de chauffage, une lampe halogène. Le réservoir 110 reçoit un liquide à changement de phase, à faible température d'ébullition tel qu'un liquide organique, par exemple un alcool ou de l'éther ou un HCFC ou encore un liquide à faible température d'ébullition, à pression réduite voire très réduite comme de l'eau. Le réservoir 110 alimente en vapeur l'enveloppe 200, représentée ici en forme de panneau, surmontant le réservoir 110 et communiquant avec celui-ci. Cette enveloppe fermée 200 est une enceinte hermétique, résistant à une pression interne de l'ordre de quelques bars, par exemple 3,5 bars en régime maximum ; elle est destinée à travailler à une température maximale en régime qui serait de 50 à 60° C. Selon certaines réglementations, la température maximale de la surface émissive que l'on peut toucher est de 60°C pour éviter les accidents par brûlure.The heating element 100 is constituted by a tank 110 of small volume, in which there is a heater 120 schematized by an electrical resistor. The heating element 120 can also be installed outside the tank 110 so that the enclosure formed by the panel 210 and the tank 110 with the liquid can be sealed leaving the heating element accessible for its installation or his replacement. In this case, the reservoir can be advantageously transparent and the heating element, a halogen lamp. The tank 110 receives a phase-change liquid, at a low boiling point such as an organic liquid, for example an alcohol or an ether or an HCFC, or a liquid with a low boiling point, at a reduced pressure. even very small like water. The tank 110 supplies steam to the envelope 200, shown here in the form of a panel, surmounting the tank 110 and communicating therewith. This closed envelope 200 is a hermetic enclosure, resistant to an internal pressure of the order of a few bars, for example 3.5 bars in revs maximum; it is intended to work at a maximum temperature in a regime that would be 50 to 60 ° C. According to some regulations, the maximum temperature of the emitting surface that can be touched is 60 ° C to avoid burn accidents.

Le panneau 210, de forme rectangulaire ou carrée dans cet exemple, est bordé par deux canaux de condensation 220, ouverts en partie haute de l'enceinte. Les canaux forment des pièges de condensation car séparés de la circulation directe de vapeur émise par le réservoir, ils sont des zones froides dans lesquelles la vapeur se condense et descend pour réalimenter le réservoir 100. Le renouvellement de la vapeur dans le ou les canaux se fait par l'équilibre des pressions. Cette circulation de fluides (vapeur, condensat) permet une très grande régularité de la température.The panel 210, of rectangular or square shape in this example, is bordered by two condensation channels 220, open at the top of the enclosure. The channels form condensation traps because separated from the direct circulation of vapor emitted by the tank, they are cold zones in which the vapor condenses and goes down to replenish the tank 100. The renewal of the steam in the channel or channels is done by the balance of pressures. This circulation of fluids (steam, condensate) allows a very great regularity of the temperature.

Par souci d'homogénéisation, il est préférable de prévoir un canal de condensation de chaque côté. On peut également ne prévoir qu'un canal de condensation. Enfin, le ou les canaux de condensation peuvent être réalisés derrière le panneau.For the sake of homogenization, it is preferable to provide a condensation channel on each side. It is also possible to provide only one condensation channel. Finally, the condensation channel or channels can be made behind the panel.

Le panneau 210 formant la surface émissive, peut être en une seule matière, par exemple en tôle soudée ou en deux matières, l'une relativement isolante et l'autre conductrice de chaleur de façon que seule la face avant soit émissive et que la face arrière soit isolante.The panel 210 forming the emitting surface may be of a single material, for example welded sheet or two materials, one relatively insulating and the other heat conductor so that only the front face is emissive and the face back is insulating.

L'enceinte 200 ainsi formée est scellée de manière étanche pour que le fluide liquide / vapeur circule en boucle dans le panneau en fonction de l'énergie fournie par l'organe de chauffage 120, dépendant de la température de consigne fixée.The chamber 200 thus formed is sealingly sealed so that the liquid / vapor fluid circulates in a loop in the panel as a function of the energy supplied by the heating member 120, depending on the set target temperature.

Cet organe de chauffage 120 est une résistance mais il peut également s'agir d'un autre composant électrique/électronique dégageant de la chaleur tel qu'une lampe halogène.This heating member 120 is a resistor but it can also be another electrical / electronic component generating heat such as a halogen lamp.

La commande 300 règle le fonctionnement de l'appareil et sa mise en sécurité. La commande comporte un thermostat réglable 310 permettant de fixer une température de consigne. Elle est également reliée à un capteur de pression 320 installé dans l'enceinte et surveillant la pression pour éviter toute surpression ainsi qu'un capteur de niveau de liquide 330 pour que l'organe de chauffe ne fonctionne que si le réservoir 110 contient un niveau suffisant de liquide et assure un contrôle de l'absence de liquide. Un capteur de température 340 surveille la température de la surface émissive.The command 300 regulates the operation of the apparatus and its setting in security. The control includes an adjustable thermostat 310 for setting a set temperature. It is also connected to a pressure sensor 320 installed in the enclosure and monitoring the pressure to prevent overpressure and a liquid level sensor 330 so that the heater only operates if the tank 110 contains a level sufficient liquid and ensures control of the absence of liquid. A temperature sensor 340 monitors the temperature of the emitting surface.

L'appareil de chauffage décrit ci-dessus avec une enveloppe 200 en forme de panneau peut avoir une forme autre que plane.The heater described above with a panel-shaped envelope 200 may have a shape other than planar.

La figure 2 montre un autre mode de réalisation d'un appareil de chauffage électrique également avec une enveloppe 200A en forme de panneau 210A. En partie basse, il comporte le réservoir 110A avec l'élément de chauffage 120A. Le réservoir 110A communique avec l'enceinte 200A dans laquelle il débouche pour le passage de la vapeur.The figure 2 shows another embodiment of an electric heater also with a panel-shaped envelope 200A 210A. In the lower part, it comprises the tank 110A with the heating element 120A. The tank 110A communicates with the chamber 200A in which it opens for the passage of steam.

Le panneau 210A comporte des cheminées 211A par lesquelles remonte la vapeur. L'enveloppe 200A est bordée par deux canaux de condensation 220A dont l'entrée est en partie haute de l'enceinte et qui sont reliés en partie basse, au réservoir 110A. la vapeur se condense ainsi de préférence dans ces canaux, notamment de faible section, pour y descendre à l'état de condensat et en étant également poussés par le renouvellement de vapeur dégagée par le réservoir et l'organe de chauffage. Le canal de condensation 220A est, de préférence, comme ici, un canal extérieur en forme de tube constituant une zone d'autant plus froide qu'il est à l'extérieur et échange plus rapidement la chaleur que s'il était dans le panneau ; il piège ainsi la vapeur et la condense pour réalimenter le réservoir 110A. Le recyclage de la vapeur par condensation dans le canal 220A permet de créer une circulation de vapeur à température très stable et uniforme. De façon avantageuse, le ou les canaux de condensation sont réalisés dans le panneau lui-même de préférence formé par l'assemblage de deux tôles embouties avec les différentes formes.The panel 210A has chimneys 211A through which the steam rises. The envelope 200A is bordered by two condensation channels 220A whose input is at the top of the enclosure and which are connected at the bottom, to the tank 110A. the vapor is thus condensed preferably in these channels, in particular of small section, to descend into the condensate state and also being pushed by the renewal of steam released by the tank and the heating member. Condensation channel 220A is preferably, as here, an outer channel in the form of a tube constituting a zone which is all the colder than it is on the outside and exchanges heat more rapidly than if it were in the panel ; it thus traps the steam and the condensate to replenish the tank 110A. The recycling of condensation steam in the 220A channel creates a very stable and uniform temperature circulation of steam. Advantageously, the condensation channel or channels are made in the panel itself, preferably formed by the assembly of two stamped sheets with the different shapes.

Le panneau 210A est équipé d'une commande 300A qui gère le fonctionnement pour la régulation de la température à l'aide d'un thermostat et les fonctions de sécurité, pour régler la pression à une valeur maximale, par exemple 3,5 bars et éviter le fonctionnement de l'organe de chauffage 120A en l'absence de liquide, si celui-ci est complètement vaporisé.The 210A panel is equipped with a 300A control which manages the operation for the regulation of the temperature by means of a thermostat and the safety functions, to set the pressure to a maximum value, for example 3.5 bar and avoid the operation of the heater 120A in the absence of liquid, if it is completely vaporized.

Le panneau 210A est formé par l'assemblage de deux plaques, par exemple en tôle, mise en forme pour avoir des cheminées et des surfaces intermédiaires 212A soit découpées, soit constituées par la matière et augmentant la surface d'émission, principalement par rayonnement.The panel 210A is formed by the assembly of two plates, for example made of sheet metal, shaped to have chimneys and intermediate surfaces 212A either cut or formed by the material and increasing the emission surface, mainly by radiation.

Le volume de liquide dans l'appareil de chauffage quel que soit son mode de réalisation, est défini en fonction de la forme du panneau et de la puissance demandée à l'appareil de chauffage.The volume of liquid in the heater regardless of its embodiment, is defined according to the shape of the panel and the power demanded from the heater.

Plusieurs panneaux peuvent être combinés à une seule régulation de température et être gérés par un thermostat unique, les fonctions de sécurité restant propres à chaque appareil telles que la sécurité en cas d'évaporation totale du liquide, coupant l'organe de chauffe ou encore de limitation de la pression à l'intérieur du panneau pour ne pas dépasser une pression par exemple de 3,5 bars.Multiple panels can be combined with a single temperature control and managed by a single thermostat, the security functions remaining unique to each device such as security in the event of total evaporation of the liquid, cutting off the heating element or else limiting the pressure inside the panel so as not to exceed a pressure of, for example, 3.5 bar.

Cela permet une conception modulaire d'une installation de chauffage avec des éléments modulaires constitués chacun comme ceux représentés aux figures 1 ou 2 et correspondant à une puissance élémentaire. La combinaison de deux ou plusieurs panneaux permet d'obtenir une gamme de puissances.This allows a modular design of a heating installation with modular elements each constituted as those shown in Figures 1 or 2 and corresponding to an elemental power. The combination of two or more panels provides a range of powers.

Claims (10)

  1. Electrical heating appliance comprising an emissive surface and a phase-change liquid, comprising:
    - an electrical heating element (100) that supplies vapour to a closed casing (200) that forms the heating surface, the phase-change liquid transferring heat by means of evaporation/condensation, said closed casing forming a pressure-resistant hermetic chamber,
    - a tank (110) having a small volume that is provided with a heating member (120) and contains the liquid,
    said electrical heating appliance being characterised in that it comprises
    - said closed casing (200) in the form of a panel (210) that is mounted on the tank (110), which tank is in communication with the panel in order to allow the vapour to pass through,
    - at least one condensate channel (220)
    - that opens in the upper portion of the casing (210),
    - that is separated from the direct flow of the vapour emitted by the tank (110),
    - that constitutes a cold region that forms a condensate trap, and
    - that conveys the condensates in a tank (110).
  2. Electrical heating appliance according to claim 1, characterised by a condensation channel on either side of the panel (210).
  3. Electrical heating appliance according to claim 1, characterised in that the panel (210A) comprises chimneys (211A) through which the vapour rises, and the chamber (200A) is bordered by two condensation channels (220A) that are connected at the bottom to the tank (110A) and the inlet of which is in the upper portion of the chamber (200A).
  4. Electrical heating appliance according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the condensation channel (220, 220A) is a channel that is on the outside of the casing (200, 200A).
  5. Electrical heating appliance according to claim 1, characterised in that the heating member (120) is installed in the tank (110).
  6. Electrical heating appliance according to claim 1, characterised in that the closed casing (200) is a flat panel.
  7. Electrical heating appliance according to claim 1, characterised in that the casing (200A) comprises vapour flow paths in the form of chimneys (211A).
  8. Electrical heating appliance according to claim 1, characterised by a controller (300) that is connected to the heating member (120) and comprises a thermostat (310) and/or a programmable or non-programmable electromechanical or electronic control system, and/or protective means for preventing overheating or a rise in vapour pressure.
  9. Electrical heating appliance according to claim 1, characterised in that the heating member (120) is an electrical resistor or a halogen lamp.
  10. Electrical heating appliance according to claim 1, characterised by a temperature sensor (340) for sensing the temperature of the emissive surface.
EP07301486.2A 2007-03-16 2007-10-24 Electrical heating device Not-in-force EP1970640B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0753875A FR2913848A1 (en) 2007-03-16 2007-03-16 ELECTRIC HEATING APPARATUS

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1970640A1 EP1970640A1 (en) 2008-09-17
EP1970640B1 true EP1970640B1 (en) 2017-09-13

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07301486.2A Not-in-force EP1970640B1 (en) 2007-03-16 2007-10-24 Electrical heating device

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US (1) US20080223846A1 (en)
EP (1) EP1970640B1 (en)
FR (2) FR2913848A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8096062B1 (en) * 2008-10-08 2012-01-17 Bellen Mark L Towel drying system

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US2455688A (en) * 1947-02-11 1948-12-07 Sentry Safety Control Corp Portable electric steam radiator
US2521173A (en) * 1947-04-11 1950-09-05 Koral Morris Steam electric radiator
AU513743B2 (en) * 1977-04-19 1980-12-18 Tomassi Alberto Improved heater
US4416418A (en) * 1982-03-05 1983-11-22 Goodstine Stephen L Fluidized bed residential heating system
FR2654808A1 (en) * 1989-11-20 1991-05-24 Teytu Andre Radiator with an electric heating element
JPH08170802A (en) * 1994-11-02 1996-07-02 Kopuran:Kk Silencing method of reduced-pressure vapor type heating device, and reduced-pressure vapor type heating device
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KR100513271B1 (en) * 2003-01-11 2005-09-09 김형곤 Hite Pipe using Porous Fire Retardancy Compressed Fiber
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2915052B1 (en) 2015-04-03
EP1970640A1 (en) 2008-09-17
US20080223846A1 (en) 2008-09-18
FR2913848A1 (en) 2008-09-19
FR2915052A1 (en) 2008-10-17

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