EP1958844B1 - Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Baugruppe eines Zuges für die Personenbeförderung - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Baugruppe eines Zuges für die Personenbeförderung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1958844B1
EP1958844B1 EP08101676A EP08101676A EP1958844B1 EP 1958844 B1 EP1958844 B1 EP 1958844B1 EP 08101676 A EP08101676 A EP 08101676A EP 08101676 A EP08101676 A EP 08101676A EP 1958844 B1 EP1958844 B1 EP 1958844B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
module
modules
sub
assembly
shell
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Not-in-force
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EP08101676A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1958844A1 (de
Inventor
Pascal Geoffroy
Georges Bernhard
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Alstom Transport SA
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Alstom Transport SA
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Publication of EP1958844A1 publication Critical patent/EP1958844A1/de
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D1/00—Carriages for ordinary railway passenger traffic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D17/00—Construction details of vehicle bodies
    • B61D17/04—Construction details of vehicle bodies with bodies of metal; with composite, e.g. metal and wood body structures
    • B61D17/043—Construction details of vehicle bodies with bodies of metal; with composite, e.g. metal and wood body structures connections between superstructure sub-units
    • B61D17/045—The sub-units being construction modules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D3/00—Wagons or vans
    • B61D3/10—Articulated vehicles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a subset of rail train passenger transport.
  • An object of the invention is to provide a method of manufacturing railway trains of different types with a limited manufacturing cost.
  • the subject of the invention is a method for manufacturing a sub-assembly of a rail train for passenger transport according to claim 1.
  • the invention also relates to a sub-assembly of rail passenger train obtained by a method as defined above.
  • the invention also relates to a rail train for passenger transport comprising at least one such subset.
  • the invention also relates to a family of passenger rail train subassemblies according to claim 13.
  • the invention also relates to a family of rail passenger transport train comprising a family of subsets as defined above.
  • the main elements comprise a carrier module 2, a long mounted module 4, a short mounted module 6, a carrier cabin 8, and a cockpit 10 carried.
  • carrier or “carrier” means an element having at least one unit for supporting and guiding this element along a railway track.
  • a support and guidance unit is for example in the form of a bogie with two axles or a mono-axle.
  • worn means an element without support unit and guide, and intended to be suspended from one or two support elements.
  • module refers to an intermediate section of a train intended to be disposed between two other train sections, that is to say between two other modules, or between a module and a train end element such as a cockpit.
  • module should be understood as a different element of an end element which, by definition, is not an intermediate section.
  • each module 2, 4, 6 has a box respectively 12, 14, 16 tubular extending in a longitudinal direction L and open at both longitudinal ends.
  • the body 14 is shorter than the body 12.
  • Each box 12, 14, 16 has in a manner known per se a frame, a roof and side faces.
  • Each box 12, 14, 16 delimits internally a passenger compartment intended to be arranged, using, for example and without limitation, interior linings, seats, benches, jump seats, support bars, systems lighting, ventilation and air conditioning systems and / or display systems.
  • the lateral faces of the boxes 12, 14, 16 are provided with windows.
  • the side faces of the body 12 are without a door.
  • the side faces of the boxes 14 and 16 are provided with doors, for example a door or two doors.
  • the body 14 has two doors and the body 16 has one
  • Cabins 8 and 10 form ream end elements.
  • Each cabin 8, 10 has a box 18, 20 profiled aerodynamically and internally defining a cockpit.
  • an 8 or 10 cabin could have a passenger compartment in the back of a cockpit.
  • Each bogie 22, 24 is optionally motorized, and then comprises at least one wheel drive unit, for example an electric motor. Alternatively, the bogie is not motorized.
  • the body 12 has a length substantially equal to or greater than the length of the bogie 22.
  • the modules 4 and 6 and the cabin 8 are worn elements and do not have a support and guidance unit.
  • the modules 2, 4, 6 and the cabins 8, 10 are designed to be fixed to each other to form all or part of a train.
  • the boxes of two modules are connected in an articulated manner by interposing between the boxes of these two modules a hinge and interconnection device 26 connecting the boxes while allowing a relative movement of the boxes (articulation), and defining a passage of circulation allowing the passengers to pass from one box to another (intercirculation).
  • the articulation is for example of the ball-and-socket type enabling the crates to rotate about a longitudinal axis, a transverse axis and a vertical axis.
  • the inter-circulation is for example of the bellows type.
  • the boxes of two modules are connected rigidly.
  • the rigid connection is made for example by bolting.
  • suitable interface members will be attached to the end of the module.
  • the interface members are members that are fastened to the frame, the roof and / or the lateral faces of the box, and serve as fixing flanges for the articulation and gangway device.
  • the end of the module is to be fixed rigidly, it is fixed on this end of the interface members provided to be fixed rigidly, for example by bolting or welding, on complementary interface members intended to be fixed on the end of another module.
  • the ends of the modules 2, 4, 6 are originally provided for the attachment of these rigid or articulated link interface members, so that the same module can optionally be fixed on a another module rigidly or articulated.
  • modules 2, 4, 6 and cabins 8, 10 are produced which are associated in different ways to obtain different types of subassemblies (for example, as shown in FIGS. Figures 2 to 10 ) which thus form families of railway subassemblies that can be associated with each other, whether of the same or different types, and different types of trains (for example, as shown in FIGS. Figures 11 to 15 ) which form a family of trains comprising subsets of trains forming at least one family of subassemblies according to the invention.
  • subassemblies for example, as shown in FIGS. Figures 2 to 10
  • trains for example, as shown in FIGS. Figures 11 to 15
  • an articulated subassembly comprises a module 4 suspended between two modules 2, and connected in an articulated manner to each of these two modules 4 by a device 26.
  • the subassembly 32 differs from the subassembly 30 of the Figure 2 in that the module 4 is rigidly connected to each of the modules 2, thus forming a subset corresponding to a "conventional" type car, self-supporting and having a bogie 22 at each of its ends.
  • the ends of the box 14 of the module 4 are connected rigidly to the adjacent ends of the boxes 12 of the modules 4.
  • a subassembly 36 comprises a module 4 rigidly connected at one of its ends to a module 2, the other end being free, thus forming a subset corresponding to a car of the "semi-trailer" type.
  • a ream end subassembly is formed by rigidly or hingedly securing, preferably rigidly, a cab 8 to a module 2 or a cab 10 to a module 4 or 6 .
  • a ream end subassembly 38 is formed of a cab 8 rigidly connected to a first module 2.
  • a ream end subassembly 40 differs from that of the Figure 5 in that it further comprises a module 4 rigidly connected to the first module 2 on the side opposite the cabin 8.
  • a ream end subassembly 42 differs from that of the Figure 6 in that it further comprises a second module 2 rigidly connected to the module 4 on the side opposite to the first module 2.
  • a ream end subassembly 44 is formed of a cab 10 rigidly connected to a module 4.
  • a subassembly 46 is formed of a module 2 rigidly connected to a module 6.
  • a subassembly could further comprise a second module 2 rigidly connected to the other end of the module 6, as shown in phantom on the Figure 9 .
  • a ream end subassembly 48 is formed, from one end to the other, of a cab 8, a module 2, and a module 6, rigidly connected to one another.
  • a subassembly could further comprise a second module 2 rigidly connected to the other end of the module 6, as shown in phantom on the Figure 10 .
  • the subassemblies 30, 32, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46 and 48 are intended to be assembled in an articulated or rigid manner with each other, with other sub-assemblies (not shown), or with modules 2, 4, 6 to form oars.
  • oars are generally formed from modules 2, 4, 6 and cabins 8, 10. There are in these trainsets subsets such as those of Figures 2 to 10 .
  • a train 50 comprises two subassemblies 38 between which are alternately modules 4 and modules 2, the subassemblies 38 and the modules 2 and 4 being connected to each other in an articulated manner via devices 26.
  • Each of the subassemblies 38 is connected to a module 4.
  • the number of modules 2, 4 depends on the desired length for the train 50.
  • modules 4, or at least some of them are replaced by modules 6, to keep the same architecture, while reducing the length of the train.
  • a train 52 differs from that of the Figure 11 in that each subassembly 38 and the adjacent module 4 are replaced by a subassembly 40.
  • a train 54 comprises successively a subassembly 42, a subassembly 32 and a subassembly 42, connected together in an articulated manner by means of devices 26.
  • a train 56 comprises successively, a subassembly 40, a subassembly 36, a subassembly 32 and a subassembly 40, interconnected in an articulated manner by devices 26.
  • a train 58 comprises successively a subassembly 42, a module 6, a subassembly 32, a module 6 and a subassembly 42, connected together in an articulated manner by devices 26.
  • a train 59 comprises, successively, a subassembly 40, a subassembly 36, a module 2, a subassembly 36 and a subassembly 40, connected to each other in an articulated manner by means of devices 26.
  • Each of the reams 52, 54, 56, 58, 59 has at least one module 4 or 6 rigidly connected to a module 2.
  • Each of the racks 54, 56 and 58 also has at least one module 4 or 6 connected with articulated manner, at each of its longitudinal ends, to a module 2.
  • trainsets can therefore be obtained by modular construction, from elements including modules 2, 4, 6 and cabins 8, 10.
  • the trains are made from modules 2 having boxes of load-bearing structures of the same design, and modules 4 and 6 having boxes of load-bearing structures of the same design.
  • the bearing structure of a module consists of elements that contribute to the mechanical strength and the transmission of forces. It includes the side faces, the frame and the roof.
  • the bearing structure does not include the ends of the module which are adapted by the addition of interface members depending on the type of connection (rigid or articulated) provided at each end.
  • the supporting structure of the lateral faces comprises the elements which determine the distribution, and the number and the wheelbase of the windows of the lateral faces.
  • the module's supporting structure includes the frame of the lateral face but not the outer skin which can be modified simply according to the number of windows and doors that one wishes to arrange in the lateral face, and the shape of the corresponding openings.
  • Bearing structure of the same design means modules having bearing structures using the same main elements, in their frames, their side faces and their flags.
  • the modules 2 have identical bearing structures
  • the modules 4 have identical bearing structures
  • the modules 6 have identical bearing structures.
  • the supporting structure of a module 4 is obtained from the supporting structure of a module 6, lengthened by adding an additional longitudinal section.
  • each module 6 is advantageously formed of at least two substantially identical longitudinal sections, and a module 4 is then obtained by adding at least one additional section to lengthen the module.
  • modules 2, 4, 6 of bearing structures of the same design or identical are manufactured in large series which reduces their manufacturing cost.
  • the trains and subassemblies are more or less adapted to the traffic on sinuous railways according to the number of their joints.
  • a train traveling on a winding track preferably comprises a larger number of joints.
  • modules 4 and 6 of different lengths makes it possible to adapt the capacity of the train and its length, for example to adjust the length of the train to that of the platforms of the track on which the train must circulate.
  • the manufacturing costs are reduced, since the same modules 2, 4 and / or 6 make it possible to achieve different types of sub-assemblies and trains, and the fixed costs of manufacturing the modules 2, 4 and / or 6 can be depreciated on larger series.
  • bogies and traction equipment are intended to be fixed on a module 2 to form a carrier module.
  • the bogies include a bogie 22a engine and a bogie 22b non-motorized, simply carrier.
  • Traction equipment is equipment adapted to recover electrical energy from a power line, produce electrical energy from a fuel, and transform the electrical energy produced or recovered into electrical signals. excitation of motorized bogie engines of a train including the carrier module.
  • the traction equipment includes, for example, and non-exhaustively a transformer 62, an inverter 64 and a pantograph 66, intended to be disposed on the roof 68 module 2.
  • the traction equipment could also include a circuit breaker, a chopper, a rectifier , a disconnector ...
  • a ventilation unit 70 and optionally air conditioning is intended to be disposed on the roof 72 of a module 4.
  • a train 74 comprises successively from one end to the other (from left to right on the Figure 18 ) a cabin 8, a first module 2, a first module 4, a second module 2, a second module 4, a third module 2, and a second cabin 8.
  • the first module 2 carries a pantograph 66
  • the second module 2 carries an inverter 64
  • the third module carries a transformer 62.
  • the bogie 22a of the second module 4 is motorized, the others being non-motorized.
  • pantograph 66, the inverter 64, the transformer 62 and the motor bogie 22a are of course connected by electrical connections (not shown).
  • the mounted modules 4 are provided on the flags 72 of their modules 4 units 70 ventilation.
  • the distribution of traction equipment on the modules 2 facilitates the realization of different trains according to the intended application.
  • one or more motor bogies will be provided, and the necessary traction equipment will be provided accordingly to recover and convert enough energy.
  • the addition of equipment is done by adding a carrier module 2 provided with the desired equipment.
  • Carrier modules 2 receive different traction equipment depending on the country or railroad to which the train is intended.
  • the voltages of power supply lines are different from one country to another.
  • the modules 4 are provided with access doors, and may vary in their interior, as needed. Thus, one can provide modules 4 whose passenger compartments have areas for people with reduced mobility and / or boarding platforms for this type of people, areas for bicycles, the restaurant area ...
  • the modules 2 concentrate the traction equipment, and special arrangements are provided on the modules 4.
  • modules 2 and 4 This separation of functions between modules 2 and 4 reduces production costs by making the construction of modular trains and subassemblies. Indeed, we have a limited number of different carrier modules, and a number limited different ported module, which limits manufacturing costs, but these modules can be combined in different ways, increasing the number of possibilities.
  • the modularity of the equipment and the arrangements of the mounted modules and the load-bearing modules could be considered independently of the modularity linked to the articulated or rigid connection of the mounted modules and the load-bearing modules.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Automatic Assembly (AREA)
  • Escalators And Moving Walkways (AREA)
  • Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)

Claims (21)

  1. Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Teilbaugruppe einer Personentransport-Eisenbahnwagengruppe aus Zwischenmodulen (2, 4, 6), die innen ein Personenabteil abgrenzen und mindestens aufweisen: ein Trägermodul (2), das einen Wagenkasten und mindestens eine Einheit zum Abstützen und Führen des Wagenkastens aufweist, und mindestens ein getragenes Modul (4), das einen Wagenkasten aufweist und keine Abstütz- und Führungseinheit aufweist,
    wobei die Teilbaugruppe durch steifes Verbinden des Wagenkastens eines getragenen Moduls (4) an einem Ende mit dem Wagenkasten (10) eines Trägermoduls (2) ausgebildet wird.
  2. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1, wobei der Wagenkasten des getragenen Moduls (4) an seinem anderen Ende steif oder gelenkig mit dem Wagenkasten eines anderen Trägermoduls (2) verbunden wird.
  3. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei der Wagenkasten eines anderen getragenen Moduls (6) an jedem seiner Enden gelenkig mit einem Wagenkasten eines Trägermoduls (2) verbunden wird.
  4. Verfahren gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei ein Führerstand (8), der keine Abstütz- und Führungseinheit aufweist, steif mit einem Ende des Wagenkastens eines Trägermoduls (2) verbunden wird.
  5. Verfahren gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei ein Führerstand (10), der mit einer Abstütz- und Führungseinheit ausgestattet ist, steif oder gelenkig mit dem Wagenkasten eines getragenen Moduls (4, 6) verbunden wird.
  6. Verfahren gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Teilbaugruppe aus mindestens zwei getragenen Modulen (4, 6) mit unterschiedlicher Länge gebildet wird.
  7. Verfahren gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Teilbaugruppe aus Trägermodulen (2) und/oder den getragenen Modulen (4, 6) gebildet wird, die Wagenkästen mit tragender Struktur gleicher Gestaltung aufweisen.
  8. Verfahren gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Teilbaugruppe aus Trägermodulen (2) und/oder den getragenen Modulen (4, 6) gebildet wird, die Wagenkästen mit identischer tragender Struktur aufweisen.
  9. Verfahren gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Abstütz- und Führungseinheit (22) mindestens eines Trägermoduls (2) motorisiert ist, und dass die Teilbaugruppe mit Antriebseinrichtungen (60, 62, 64, 66) ausgestattet wird, die angepasst sind, um elektrische Energie zu erzeugen und/oder zurückzugewinnen, und um diese in Ansteuersignale für Elektromotoren der oder jeder motorisierten Abstütz- und Führungseinheit (22) umzuwandeln, wobei die Antriebseinrichtungen (60, 62, 64, 66) auf den Trägermodulen (2) der Teilbaugruppe verteilt sind.
  10. Verfahren gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Länge des Wagenkastens jedes Trägermoduls (2) größer als die Länge der Abstütz- und Führungseinheit des Trägermoduls (2) ist.
  11. Teilbaugruppe einer Personentransport-Eisenbahnwagengruppe, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie mittels eines Verfahrens gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche erhalten wird.
  12. Personentransport-Eisenbahnwagengruppe, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie mindestens eine Teilbaugruppe gemäß Anspruch 11 aufweist.
  13. Teilbaugruppenfamilie für Personentransport-Eisenbahnwagengruppen, die aus Zwischenmodulen (2, 4, 6) gebildet sind, die innen ein Personenabteil begrenzen und aufweisen: Trägermodule (2), die einen Wagenkasten (12) und mindestens eine Einheit (22) zum Abstützen und Führen des Wagenkastens (12) aufweisen, und getragene Module (4, 6), die einen Wagenkasten (14, 16) aufweisen und keine Abstütz- und Führungseinheiten aufweisen,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie aufweist: eine erste Teilbaugruppe, die ein Trägermodul (2) und ein getragenes Modul (4, 6) aufweist, deren Wagenkästen gelenkig miteinander verbunden sind, und eine zweite Teilbaugruppe, die ein Trägermodul (2) und mindestens ein getragenes Modul (4, 6) aufweist, deren Wagenkästen steif miteinander verbunden sind.
  14. Familie gemäß Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zweite Teilbaugruppe ein zweites Trägermodul (2) aufweist, dessen Wagenkasten steif oder gelenkig mit dem anderen Ende des Wagenkastens des getragenen Moduls (4) der Teilbaugruppe verbunden ist.
  15. Familie gemäß Anspruch 13 oder 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erste Teilbaugruppe und/oder die zweite Teilbaugruppe mindestens einen Führerstand (8) aufweisen/aufweist, der keine Abstütz- und Führungseinheit aufweist und steif mit dem Wagenkasten eines Trägermoduls (2) verbunden ist.
  16. Familie gemäß Anspruch 13 oder 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erste Teilbaugruppe und/oder die zweite Teilbaugruppe mindestens einen Führerstand (10) aufweisen/aufweist, der steif mit dem Wagenkasten eines getragenen Moduls (4, 6) verbunden ist.
  17. Familie gemäß einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 16,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die getragenen Module (2) und/oder getragene Module (4, 6) der ersten und der zweiten Teilbaugruppe mindestens zwei getragene Module (4, 6) aufweisen, deren Wagenkästen unterschiedliche Längen haben.
  18. Familie gemäß einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 17,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Wagenkästen der Trägermodule (2) und/oder der getragenen Module (4, 6) der ersten und der zweiten Teilbaugruppe tragende Strukturen gleicher Gestaltung aufweisen.
  19. Familie gemäß einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 18,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Wagenkästen der Trägermodule (2) und/oder der getragenen Module (4, 6) der ersten und der zweiten Teilbaugruppe im Wesentlichen identische tragende Strukturen aufweisen.
  20. Familie gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Länge des Wagenkastens jedes Trägermoduls (4) größer als die Länge der Abstütz- und Führungseinheit des Trägermoduls (4) ist.
  21. Wagengruppenfamilie, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie mindestens eine Teilbaugruppenfamilie gemäß einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 20 aufweist.
EP08101676A 2007-02-16 2008-02-15 Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Baugruppe eines Zuges für die Personenbeförderung Not-in-force EP1958844B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0753310A FR2912717A1 (fr) 2007-02-16 2007-02-16 Procede de fabrication d'un sous-ensemble de rame de transport de voyageurs, sous-ensemble et rame correspondants et familles de sous-ensembles et de rames

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1958844A1 EP1958844A1 (de) 2008-08-20
EP1958844B1 true EP1958844B1 (de) 2011-07-13

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EP (1) EP1958844B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE516193T1 (de)
ES (1) ES2368964T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2912717A1 (de)
ZA (1) ZA200801586B (de)

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EP2335993B2 (de) * 2009-12-18 2021-08-04 Bombardier Transportation GmbH Zugverband für hohes Passagieraufkommen
DE102011051634A1 (de) 2011-07-07 2013-01-10 Bombardier Transportation Gmbh Konstruktionsverfahren zum Aufbau eines Schienenfahrzeugwagens, Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Schienenfahrzeugwagens, und Schienenfahrzeugfamilie
EP2927086B1 (de) * 2014-04-02 2020-02-12 ALSTOM Transport Technologies Anordnung und Verfahren zur Ausrüstung eines Eisenbahntriebfahrzeugs mit Bremseenergierückgewinnung unter Verwendung standardisierter Traktionsmodule
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DE102018203421A1 (de) * 2018-03-07 2019-09-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Fahrzeugbrückenkasten und ein mehrgliedriges Schienenfahrzeug
DE102018106961A1 (de) * 2018-03-23 2019-09-26 Bombardier Transportation Gmbh Modulares System zur Bildung eines Schienenfahrzeuges und Schienenfahrzeug
DE102020216382A1 (de) 2020-12-21 2022-06-23 Siemens Mobility GmbH Verfahren zur modularen Herstellung eines Wagenkasten-Rohbaus eines Schienenfahrzeugs und Wagenkasten-Rohbau
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AU2326277A (en) * 1976-03-24 1978-09-21 Bucco Pty Ltd Vehicles
EP1935742A1 (de) * 2006-12-18 2008-06-25 GBM Gleisbaumechanik Brandenburg/H. GmbH Schienenfahrzeug mit Wagenkasten und Schienenfahrwerken zur Aufnahme einer Maschinenanordnung zum mechanischen Bearbeiten der Schienen eines Gleises

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2792568B1 (de) 2013-03-15 2019-02-27 Bombardier Transportation GmbH Mehrteiliges Schienenfahrzeug
RU2760803C2 (ru) * 2017-03-29 2021-11-30 Альстом Транспорт Текнолоджис Железнодорожное транспортное средство с частично стандартизированными вагонами

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FR2912717A1 (fr) 2008-08-22
EP1958844A1 (de) 2008-08-20
ES2368964T3 (es) 2011-11-24
ATE516193T1 (de) 2011-07-15
ZA200801586B (en) 2008-12-31

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