EP1956599A1 - Formation of deep hollow zones and their use when manufacturing an optical recording medium - Google Patents
Formation of deep hollow zones and their use when manufacturing an optical recording medium Download PDFInfo
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- EP1956599A1 EP1956599A1 EP08354009A EP08354009A EP1956599A1 EP 1956599 A1 EP1956599 A1 EP 1956599A1 EP 08354009 A EP08354009 A EP 08354009A EP 08354009 A EP08354009 A EP 08354009A EP 1956599 A1 EP1956599 A1 EP 1956599A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B7/00—Recording or reproducing by optical means, e.g. recording using a thermal beam of optical radiation by modifying optical properties or the physical structure, reproducing using an optical beam at lower power by sensing optical properties; Record carriers therefor
- G11B7/24—Record carriers characterised by shape, structure or physical properties, or by the selection of the material
- G11B7/26—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of record carriers
- G11B7/261—Preparing a master, e.g. exposing photoresist, electroforming
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B7/00—Recording or reproducing by optical means, e.g. recording using a thermal beam of optical radiation by modifying optical properties or the physical structure, reproducing using an optical beam at lower power by sensing optical properties; Record carriers therefor
- G11B7/24—Record carriers characterised by shape, structure or physical properties, or by the selection of the material
- G11B7/2407—Tracks or pits; Shape, structure or physical properties thereof
- G11B7/24085—Pits
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B7/00—Recording or reproducing by optical means, e.g. recording using a thermal beam of optical radiation by modifying optical properties or the physical structure, reproducing using an optical beam at lower power by sensing optical properties; Record carriers therefor
- G11B7/24—Record carriers characterised by shape, structure or physical properties, or by the selection of the material
- G11B7/26—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of record carriers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B7/00—Recording or reproducing by optical means, e.g. recording using a thermal beam of optical radiation by modifying optical properties or the physical structure, reproducing using an optical beam at lower power by sensing optical properties; Record carriers therefor
- G11B7/24—Record carriers characterised by shape, structure or physical properties, or by the selection of the material
- G11B7/26—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of record carriers
- G11B7/263—Preparing and using a stamper, e.g. pressing or injection molding substrates
Definitions
- the invention also relates to the use of such a method in the manufacture of an optical recording medium.
- Optical recording media or discs generally comprise at least one polycarbonate substrate having raised and recessed areas, also known as Anglo-Saxon "lands” and “pits", and corresponding to data of information.
- the substrates comprise a free face structured according to a predetermined pattern.
- Such substrates are generally manufactured in large quantities, by injection molding, with the aid of a mold or a matrix support, also known under the name Anglo-Saxon "master disk” or “stamper".
- One of the free faces of the matrix support is structured in a form complementary to the desired predetermined pattern for the substrates.
- the matrix support is obtained from an original model.
- the patent application US-2005/0045587 discloses a method for manufacturing the original model used in the manufacture of optical disks and the method of manufacturing said optical disks.
- the original model is made from a stack comprising a substrate, for example glass or silicon, and a layer of heat-sensitive material.
- the heat sensitive material is an antimony oxide, able to change state during a heating caused by a light exposure of said layer.
- the free face of the heat sensitive material layer is structured, exposing certain areas of said free face to a laser beam and removing said exposed areas. Such an operation thus makes it possible to produce raised areas and recessed areas in the layer of sensitive material.
- the original model obtained is then used to form a metal matrix disk, intended to serve as a mold during the injection molding of the optical disks.
- the intermediate layer generally of photosensitive resin
- the intermediate layer must undergo a high temperature curing heat treatment, so as to allow the deposition of the layer of heat-sensitive material.
- a heat treatment causes a degradation of the photosensitivity properties of the resin, which can be harmful for its subsequent structuring.
- insolation of the layer of heat-sensitive material can alter the properties of the intermediate layer disposed under said layer.
- the problem of obtaining deep recessed areas arises in other areas than that of optical recording media. This is particularly the case in the field of lithography.
- the layer of heat sensitive material is formed of a stack of two superposed sub-layers of different materials, for example copper and aluminum.
- it is used as a mask to engrave in the substrate, small convex and concave marks.
- the mask is then removed and the substrate thus etched is used as the original model.
- Such a method therefore does not make it possible to obtain hollow zones deep enough to be used for the latest generations of optical recording media.
- the aim of the invention is to easily and economically form deep recessed areas, in particular during the manufacture of optical recording media, while overcoming the drawbacks of the prior art.
- the method comprises, before the localized treatment step, a step of forming a stack constituted by the first layer and a second layer constituted by said material in its second physical state, the selective etching step being continued until removal of the region of the second layer initially covered by the treated region of the first layer.
- the material is a material capable of passing from a metastable thermodynamic state to a stable thermodynamic state, under the action of heat and, in particular, a phase transition material.
- a region of the first layer is treated, from the free face of the first layer, to move said region from its initial physical state, i.e. that of the entire first layer, to another physical state. corresponding to that of the second layer.
- a selective etching step is then performed from the free face of the first layer, to eliminate said previously treated region of the first layer.
- the etching step is continued, through the first etched layer, until complete elimination of the region of the second layer initially covered by the treated region of the first layer.
- the first layer then serves as a barrier layer or etching mask for the second layer.
- the etched regions respectively of the first and second layers then form a recessed area whose depth corresponds to the sum of the thicknesses of the first and second layers.
- Stack 2 is in the embodiment shown on the Figures 1 to 4 formed on a substrate 5, for example glass or silicon. As shown on the figure 1 the second layer 4 is disposed between the substrate 5 and the first layer 3.
- the material constituting the first and second layers 3 and 4 is advantageously a phase transition material, for example an alloy of at least two elements selected from the group comprising germanium, antimony, tellurium, indium, selenium, bismuth, silver, gallium, tin, lead and arsenic.
- the material will be obtained by sputtering a Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 target.
- phase transition materials have the advantage of being able to pass from the amorphous phase to a crystallized phase under the action of heat.
- This phase change is, for example, achieved by causing the heating of said material by applying to the surface of said material and in a controlled manner, a focused optical radiation such as a laser beam.
- phase transition material is advantageously in amorphous form in the first layer 3 and in a crystallized form in the second layer 4.
- a region 3a of the first layer 3 is exposed, in a controlled manner, to a focused optical radiation 6 from the free face 3b of said layer 3.
- the radiation 6 causes a heating and a phase change in said region 3a.
- the exposure of the region 3a to the focused optical radiation 6, as well as any cooling of said region 3a thus heated, are controlled in a conventional manner for those skilled in the art, to bring the region 3a to the desired phase transition.
- the material in said region 3a is then in the same phase, a crystallized phase in the case of a phase transition material, as the second layer 4, whereas the part not exposed to the optical radiation 6 of the first layer 3 remains in the initial phase of the material, that is to say the amorphous phase in the case of a phase transition material.
- the unexposed portion of the first layer 3 has an etchability lower than that of the exposed region 3a.
- the physical state of the material constituting the unexposed part of the first layer 3 is insensitive to the etching used to eliminate the region 3a. So, as represented on the figure 3 the region 3a is selectively etched, for example by chemical etching, from the free face 3b of the first layer 3 while the unexposed portion of said layer 3 is retained.
- region 3a releases the free face 4a of a region 4b of the second layer 4.
- Said region 4b corresponds, in the second layer 4, to the portion initially covered by the region 3a of the first layer 3. It is represented on the figure 3 by the area of the second layer 4 disposed between the two dashed lines.
- the selective etching step continues through the first layer 3 until the removal of the region 4b and the release of the portion of the free surface of the substrate 5 initially covered by the region 4b.
- the first layer 3 serves, during the selective etching of the region 4b, barrier layer etching or etching mask. It therefore only allows the etching of the region 4b initially disposed under the region 3b, the remainder of the second layer 4, covered by the unexposed portion of the first layer 3 is preserved.
- the elimination of the region 4b can be total or partial, depending on the desired depth for the zone in question. hollow to form.
- the material in the crystalline phase generally has a columnar structure, making it possible to continue etching on the right side from the free face 4a.
- the side walls which delimit the space released by the etching of the region 4b continuously extend the lateral walls delimiting the space released by the etching of the region 3a.
- said two released spaces have an identical lateral section.
- the depth of the hollow zone 1 corresponds to the sum of the thicknesses of the first and second layers 3 and 4 when the initial physical state of the first layer 3 is insensitive to etching.
- Such a method advantageously makes it possible to increase the depth of the recessed areas compared with the methods according to the prior art while being easy to implement.
- the depth of the hollow zones formed in a layer of heat-sensitive material, such as a phase transition material is limited by the reduced depth of penetration of the thermal wave caused by the optical radiation.
- the intermediate layer according to the invention has the advantage of making the recessed area formation process easier to implement and more economical than that described in the patent application.
- WO-2005/101398 the intermediate layer used, that is to say the second layer 4, overcomes the disadvantages of the photoresist layer described in the patent application.
- WO-2005/101398 The fact of using an intermediate layer in the same material as that used for the initial layer, in fact facilitates the formation of the stack 2, without altering its properties.
- the stack 2 as represented on the figure 1 is actually easy to achieve.
- the stack 2 can be made by previously forming, on the substrate 5, the second layer 4 and then by depositing the first layer 3.
- the second layer 4 is formed by depositing, on the substrate 5, a preliminary layer 7 having a predetermined thickness e corresponding to that desired for the second layer 4.
- the preliminary layer 7 is formed by depositing the material intended to form the first and second layers 3 and 4, in the physical state corresponding to the desired physical state for the first layer 3.
- the preliminary layer 7 is, for example, deposited in amorphous form.
- the preliminary layer 7 is then processed to obtain a phase change.
- the entire preliminary layer 7 may be subjected to heating, for example by controlled heat treatment, to obtain the phase change, for example crystallization in the case of a phase transition material.
- a new deposit of said material in amorphous form is then produced to form the first layer 3.
- the second layer 4 and the first layer 3 are not formed on the substrate 5 by successive deposition of two layers, but from a single deposit of a preliminary layer 7 '.
- the preliminary layer 7 shown on the figure 5 in this case, the preliminary layer 7 'consists of the material intended to form the first and second layers 3 and 4.
- the material forming said preliminary layer 7' is also deposited in the desired physical state for the first time.
- Its thickness e ' is, however, greater than the thickness e of the preliminary layer 7 shown on FIG. figure 5 . This thickness e 'advantageously corresponds to the sum of the desired thicknesses for the first and second layers 3 and 4.
- Controlled treatment is performed from the free face of the substrate 5 to pass part of the preliminary layer 7' in the second desired physical state for the second layer 4.
- the treatment is applied to the entire surface of the preliminary layer 7 ', so that the treated portion of the preliminary layer 7' constitutes the second layer 4, the remainder of the the preliminary layer 7 'constituting the first layer 3.
- the controlled treatment is, advantageously, a heat treatment allowing a portion of the preliminary layer 7 'to pass from an amorphous state to a crystalline state.
- the heat treatment is, for example, carried out by applying to the preliminary layer 7 'a decreasing temperature gradient from the interface between the preliminary layer 7' and the substrate 5 to the free face of the preliminary layer 7 '.
- Said heat treatment for example carried out by applying an optical radiation 8, makes it possible to crystallize the material over a given depth corresponding to the thickness of the second layer 4.
- the thickness of the second layer 4 n is not limited by the application of the optical radiation 8. That being indeed applied to the entire free face of the substrate, there is no limitation in thermal penetration due to a reduced section requirement of the region to exhibit.
- the substrate is, of course, transparent to said optical radiation 8.
- a stack 2 comprising a first layer 3 with a thickness of 30 nm and a second layer 4 with a thickness of 50 nm has been produced according to this embodiment from a preliminary layer 7 ', for example in Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 amorphous and with a thickness of 80nm.
- the crystallization of the second layer 4 is obtained by heating the preliminary layer 7 ', through the substrate 5, at 200 ° C under an inert atmosphere. The heating is carried out by insolation using a laser beam focused at the wavelength 405 nm, with a numerical aperture of 0.9 and a power of 2 mW.
- the beam is moved on the substrate 5 with a linear velocity close to 1 m / s.
- An etching step is then performed to form deep recessed areas in a NaOH bath at room temperature.
- an intermediate layer 9 may be deposited before the deposition of the preliminary layer 7 ', to promote the change of state of the material constituting the preliminary layer 7'.
- the intermediate layer 9 serves, for example, as a primer for germination of the crystals.
- the intermediate layer 9 may, for example, be obtained by deposition of germanium nitride (GeN). It can also be used in the embodiment shown on the figure 5 before the deposition of the preliminary layer 7.
- an upper layer 10 may be deposited on the preliminary layer 7 ', before carrying out the controlled treatment intended to form the second layer 4. Its role is to maintain the upper part of the preliminary layer 7' at a given temperature during the controlled treatment step and, for example, to promote the application of the thermal gradient between the two opposite faces of said layer 7 '.
- the upper layer 10 is then formed of a material which is attached to the stack 2.
- Such a method can be used more particularly during the manufacture of optical recording media, such as "Blu-Ray” discs and in particular for the production of original models.
- MEMS electromechanical microstructures
- microfluidics for applications in biology or chemistry.
- the material applicable to the field of the invention is not necessarily a phase change material. It can be of any type since it is able to change physical state.
- the material may be a sub stoichiometric oxide, such as MoO x molybdenum oxide.
- MoO x molybdenum oxide Such a material does not change phase, but can be transformed, by heat treatment, into MoO 2 / Mo, that is to say aggregates of MoO 2 with molybdenum (Mo) residues.
- recessed areas may be formed in a stack having a first layer MoO x and a second layer comprising MoO 2 / Mo. The second layer is, for example, obtained by heating a MoO x layer.
- a localized heating of the first MoO x layer makes it possible to obtain at least one region in MoO 2 / Mo.
- Selective etching is then performed, for example by HNO 3, to remove molybdenum and neighboring MoO 2 aggregates.
- the MoO 2 / Mo region of the first layer as well as the region of the second layer disposed below said MoO 2 / Mo region of the first layer are removed to form a recessed area.
- Other materials may also be envisaged such as Pt x , MnO x .
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Abstract
Description
L'invention concerne un procédé de formation d'au moins une zone en creux comportant les étapes successives suivantes :
- traitement localisé d'au moins une région d'une première couche constituée par un matériau apte à changer d'état physique, pour faire passer ladite région d'un premier état physique à un second état physique,
- et gravure sélective de ladite région depuis une face libre de ladite première couche.
- localized treatment of at least one region of a first layer constituted by a material able to change physical state, for passing said region from a first physical state to a second physical state,
- and selectively etching said region from a free face of said first layer.
L'invention concerne également l'utilisation d'un tel procédé lors de la fabrication d'un support d'enregistrement optique.The invention also relates to the use of such a method in the manufacture of an optical recording medium.
Les supports ou disques d'enregistrement optique comportent généralement au moins un substrat en polycarbonate comportant des zones en relief et en creux, également connues sous les noms anglo-saxons de « lands » et de « pits », et correspondant à des données d'information. Ainsi, les substrats comportent une face libre structurée selon un motif prédéterminé.Optical recording media or discs generally comprise at least one polycarbonate substrate having raised and recessed areas, also known as Anglo-Saxon "lands" and "pits", and corresponding to data of information. Thus, the substrates comprise a free face structured according to a predetermined pattern.
De tels substrats sont généralement fabriqués en grande quantité, par moulage par injection, à l'aide d'un moule ou d'un support matrice, également connu sous le nom anglo-saxon de « master disk » ou de « stamper ». Une des faces libres du support matrice est structurée sous une forme complémentaire au motif prédéterminé désiré pour les substrats. Le support matrice est obtenu à partir d'un modèle original. À titre d'exemple, la demande de brevet
Depuis l'apparition du mode de stockage des données sur des supports d'enregistrement optique, notamment sur des supports de type disque compact (CD ou « Compact Disc »), les dimensions des motifs à inscrire ont été réduites à plusieurs reprises. Or, pour une des dernières générations de supports d'enregistrement optique comprenant les supports optiques utilisant un laser bleu, plus connu sous le nom de disques « Blu-Ray », les développements récents tendent vers la formation de zones en creux dans le substrat plus profondes que pour les supports habituels. La profondeur envisagée pour les zones en creux des disques « Blu-Ray » est d'environ 80nm pour les mémoires à lecture seule (également appelées ROM ou « Read Only Memory ») alors que, pour les disques enregistrables une fois (ou disques de type R) et les disques réinscriptibles (ou disques RW), elle est d'environ 40nm. Les méthodes classiques pour fabriquer les modèles pour supports d'enregistrement optique, telles que celle décrite, par exemple, dans la demande de brevet
Dans la demande de brevet
Un tel procédé permet d'obtenir des zones en creux plus profondes que les procédés classiques. Cependant, il présente au moins deux inconvénients majeurs. Tout d'abord, la couche intermédiaire, généralement en résine photosensible, doit subir un traitement thermique de durcissement à haute température, de manière à permettre le dépôt de la couche en matériau sensible à la chaleur. Or, un tel traitement thermique provoque une dégradation des propriétés de photosensibilité de la résine, ce qui peut être nuisible pour sa structuration ultérieure. De même, l'insolation de la couche en matériau sensible à la chaleur peut altérer les propriétés de la couche intermédiaire disposée sous ladite couche.Such a method makes it possible to obtain deeper recessed areas than conventional methods. However, it has at least two major disadvantages. Firstly, the intermediate layer, generally of photosensitive resin, must undergo a high temperature curing heat treatment, so as to allow the deposition of the layer of heat-sensitive material. However, such a heat treatment causes a degradation of the photosensitivity properties of the resin, which can be harmful for its subsequent structuring. Similarly, insolation of the layer of heat-sensitive material can alter the properties of the intermediate layer disposed under said layer.
De manière plus générale, le problème lié à l'obtention de zones en creux profondes se pose dans d'autres domaines que celui des supports d'enregistrement optique. C'est notamment le cas dans le domaine de la lithographie.More generally, the problem of obtaining deep recessed areas arises in other areas than that of optical recording media. This is particularly the case in the field of lithography.
Dans la demande de brevet
L'invention a pour but de former facilement et économiquement des zones en creux profondes en particulier lors de la fabrication de supports d'enregistrement optique, tout en remédiant aux inconvénients de l'art antérieur.The aim of the invention is to easily and economically form deep recessed areas, in particular during the manufacture of optical recording media, while overcoming the drawbacks of the prior art.
Selon l'invention, ce but est atteint par les revendications annexées.According to the invention, this object is achieved by the appended claims.
Plus particulièrement, ce but est atteint par le fait que le procédé comporte, avant l'étape de traitement localisé, une étape de formation d'un empilement constitué par la première couche et une seconde couche constituée par ledit matériau dans son second état physique, l'étape de gravure sélective étant poursuivie jusqu'à élimination de la région de la seconde couche initialement recouverte par la région traitée de la première couche.More particularly, this object is achieved by the fact that the method comprises, before the localized treatment step, a step of forming a stack constituted by the first layer and a second layer constituted by said material in its second physical state, the selective etching step being continued until removal of the region of the second layer initially covered by the treated region of the first layer.
Plus particulièrement, le matériau est un matériau apte à passer d'un état thermodynamique métastable à un état thermodynamique stable, sous l'action de la chaleur et, en particulier, un matériau à transition de phase.More particularly, the material is a material capable of passing from a metastable thermodynamic state to a stable thermodynamic state, under the action of heat and, in particular, a phase transition material.
D'autres avantages et caractéristiques ressortiront plus clairement de la description qui va suivre de modes particuliers de réalisation de l'invention donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs et représentés aux dessins annexés, dans lesquels :
- les
figures 1 à 4 représentent schématiquement, en coupe, différentes étapes d'un mode particulier de réalisation selon l'invention d'une zone en creux profonde dans un empilement. - les
figures 5 à 7 représentent schématiquement, en coupe, différentes étape d'un mode de réalisation dudit empilement. - les
figures 8 à 10 représentent schématiquement, en coupe, différentes étapes d'un autre mode de réalisation dudit empilement. - les
figures 11 et 12 représentent schématiquement, en coupe, des variantes de réalisation de l'empilement utilisé lors de la formation de zones en creux profondes.
- the
Figures 1 to 4 schematically represent, in section, different steps of a particular embodiment according to the invention of a deep hollow zone in a stack. - the
Figures 5 to 7 schematically represent, in section, different steps of an embodiment of said stack. - the
Figures 8 to 10 schematically represent, in section, different steps of another embodiment of said stack. - the
Figures 11 and 12 schematically represent, in section, alternative embodiments of the stack used in the formation of deep recessed areas.
Au moins une zone en creux est formée à partir d'un empilement constitué par :
- une première couche constituée par un matériau apte à changer d'état physique,
- une seconde couche constituée par le même matériau que celui constituant la première couche, mais dans un état physique différent de celui de la première couche et avantageusement plus sensible à la gravure que celui de la première couche.
- a first layer constituted by a material able to change its physical state,
- a second layer constituted by the same material as that constituting the first layer, but in a physical state different from that of the first layer and advantageously more sensitive to etching than that of the first layer.
Une région de la première couche est traitée, depuis la face libre de la première couche, pour faire passer ladite région de son état physique initial, c'est-à-dire celui de la totalité de la première couche, à un autre état physique correspondant à celui de la seconde couche.A region of the first layer is treated, from the free face of the first layer, to move said region from its initial physical state, i.e. that of the entire first layer, to another physical state. corresponding to that of the second layer.
Une étape de gravure sélective est, ensuite, réalisée, depuis la face libre de la première couche, pour éliminer ladite région préalablement traitée de la première couche. L'étape de gravure est poursuivie, à travers la première couche gravée, jusqu'à l'élimination complète de la région de la seconde couche initialement recouverte par la région traitée de la première couche. La première couche sert, alors, de couche barrière ou de masque à la gravure pour la seconde couche.A selective etching step is then performed from the free face of the first layer, to eliminate said previously treated region of the first layer. The etching step is continued, through the first etched layer, until complete elimination of the region of the second layer initially covered by the treated region of the first layer. The first layer then serves as a barrier layer or etching mask for the second layer.
Les régions gravées respectivement des première et seconde couches forment alors une zone en creux dont la profondeur correspond à la somme des épaisseurs des première et seconde couches.The etched regions respectively of the first and second layers then form a recessed area whose depth corresponds to the sum of the thicknesses of the first and second layers.
Les
- une première couche 3 constituée par un matériau présent dans un premier état physique, par exemple un état thermodynamique métastable, et apte à passer, avantageusement sous l'action de la chaleur, dans un second état physique, par exemple un état thermodynamique stable,
- et une seconde couche 4 constituée par ledit matériau dans son second état physique.
- a
first layer 3 constituted by a material present in a first physical state, for example a metastable thermodynamic state, and capable of passing, advantageously under the action of heat, in a second physical state, for example a stable thermodynamic state, - and a
second layer 4 constituted by said material in its second physical state.
L'empilement 2 est dans le mode de réalisation représenté sur les
Le matériau constituant les première et seconde couches 3 et 4 est, avantageusement un matériau à transition de phase, par exemple un alliage d'au moins deux éléments choisis parmi le groupe comportant le germanium, l'antimoine, le tellure, l'indium, le sélénium, le bismuth, l'argent, le gallium, l'étain, le plomb et l'arsenic. À titre d'exemple, le matériau sera obtenu par pulvérisation d'une cible de Ge2Sb2Te5.The material constituting the first and
Les matériaux à transition de phase présentent, en effet, l'avantage de pouvoir passer de la phase amorphe à une phase cristallisée sous l'action de la chaleur. Ce changement de phase est, par exemple, réalisé en provoquant l'échauffement dudit matériau par application, à la surface dudit matériau et de manière contrôlée, d'un rayonnement optique focalisé tel qu'un faisceau laser.Indeed, the phase transition materials have the advantage of being able to pass from the amorphous phase to a crystallized phase under the action of heat. This phase change is, for example, achieved by causing the heating of said material by applying to the surface of said material and in a controlled manner, a focused optical radiation such as a laser beam.
Ainsi, le matériau à transition de phase est avantageusement sous forme amorphe dans la première couche 3 et sous une forme cristallisée dans la seconde couche 4.Thus, the phase transition material is advantageously in amorphous form in the
Sur la
Le matériau dans ladite région 3a se retrouve alors dans la même phase, une phase cristallisée dans le cas d'un matériau à transition de phase, que la seconde couche 4 tandis que la partie non exposée au rayonnement optique 6 de la première couche 3 reste dans la phase initiale du matériau, c'est-à-dire la phase amorphe dans le cas d'un matériau à transition de phase.The material in said
La partie non exposée de la première couche 3 présente une aptitude à la gravure inférieure à celle de la région 3a exposée. Préférentiellement, l'état physique du matériau constituant la partie non exposée de la première couche 3 est insensible à la gravure utilisée pour éliminer la région 3a. Ainsi, comme représentée sur la
L'élimination de la région 3a libère la face libre 4a d'une région 4b de la seconde couche 4. Ladite région 4b correspond, dans la seconde couche 4, à la partie initialement recouverte par la région 3a de la première couche 3. Elle est représentée, sur la
Comme représenté sur la
L'espace libéré par les régions 3a et 4b forme alors une zone en creux 1. Avantageusement, la profondeur de la zone en creux 1 correspond à la somme des épaisseurs des première et seconde couches 3 et 4 lorsque l'état physique initial de la première couche 3 est insensible à la gravure. Un tel procédé permet avantageusement d'augmenter la profondeur des zones en creux par rapport aux procédés selon l'art antérieur tout en étant facile à mettre en oeuvre. En effet, comme précédemment décrit, la profondeur des zones en creux formées dans une couche en matériau sensible à la chaleur, tel qu'un matériau à transition de phase, est limitée par la profondeur réduite de pénétration de l'onde thermique provoquée par le rayonnement optique. Or, selon l'invention, il est possible d'augmenter la profondeur des zones en creux tout en conservant une faible section d'exposition, en ajoutant une couche intermédiaire entre le substrat et la couche initiale en matériau sensible à la chaleur, capable d'être gravée dans le prolongement de la couche initiale. Par ailleurs, la couche intermédiaire selon l'invention présente l'avantage de rendre le procédé de formation des zones en creux plus facile à mettre en oeuvre et plus économique que celui décrit dans la demande de brevet
L'empilement 2 tel que représenté sur la
Dans une variante de réalisation représentée sur les
Pour un matériau à transition de phase, le traitement contrôlé est, avantageusement, un traitement thermique permettant à une partie de la couche préliminaire 7' de passer d'un état amorphe à un état cristallin. Le traitement thermique est, par exemple, réalisé en appliquant à la couche préliminaire 7' un gradient de température décroissant depuis l'interface entre la couche préliminaire 7' et le substrat 5 jusqu'à la face libre de la couche préliminaire 7'. Ledit traitement thermique, par exemple réalisé par application d'un rayonnement optique 8, permet de cristalliser le matériau sur une profondeur donnée correspondant à l'épaisseur de la seconde couche 4. Dans un tel cas, l'épaisseur de la seconde couche 4 n'est pas limitée par l'application du rayonnement optique 8. Celui étant, en effet, appliqué sur la totalité de la face libre du substrat, il n'y a pas de limitation en pénétration thermique due à une exigence de section réduite de la région à exposer. Dans ce cas, le substrat est, bien entendu, transparent audit rayonnement optique 8.For a phase transition material, the controlled treatment is, advantageously, a heat treatment allowing a portion of the preliminary layer 7 'to pass from an amorphous state to a crystalline state. The heat treatment is, for example, carried out by applying to the preliminary layer 7 'a decreasing temperature gradient from the interface between the preliminary layer 7' and the
A titre d'exemple, un empilement 2 comportant une première couche 3 d'une épaisseur de 30 nm et d'une seconde couche 4 d'une épaisseur de 50 nm a été réalisé selon ce mode de réalisation à partir d'une couche préliminaire 7', par exemple en Ge2Sb2Te5 amorphe et d'une épaisseur de 80nm. La cristallisation de la seconde couche 4 est obtenue en chauffant la couche préliminaire 7', à travers le substrat 5, à 200°C, sous atmosphère inerte. L'échauffement est réalisé par insolation à l'aide d'un faisceau laser focalisé à la longueur d'onde 405 nm, avec une ouverture numérique de 0,9 et une puissance de 2 mW. Le faisceau est déplacé sur le substrat 5 avec une vitesse linéaire proche de 1 m/s. Une étape de gravure est ensuite réalisée pour former des zones en creux profondes dans un bain de NaOH à température ambiante.By way of example, a
Comme représenté sur la
Enfin, une couche supérieure 10 peut être déposée sur la couche préliminaire 7', avant la réalisation du traitement contrôlé destiné à former la seconde couche 4. Son rôle est de maintenir la partie supérieure de la couche préliminaire 7' à une température donnée lors de l'étape de traitement contrôlé et, par exemple, de favoriser l'application du gradient thermique entre les deux faces opposées de ladite couche 7'. La couche supérieure 10 est, alors formée d'un matériau qui est rapporté sur l'empilement 2.Finally, an
Un tel procédé peut être plus particulièrement utilisé lors de la fabrication de supports d'enregistrements optique, tels que les disques « Blu-Ray » et notamment pour la fabrication de modèles originaux.Such a method can be used more particularly during the manufacture of optical recording media, such as "Blu-Ray" discs and in particular for the production of original models.
Il peut également être utilisé dans d'autres domaines nécessitant la formation de zones profondes et plus particulièrement dans des procédés de lithographie. Par exemple, il peut être employé lors de la fabrication de microstructures électro-mécanique (MEMS) ou dans le domaine de la microfluidique pour les applications de biologie ou de chimie.It can also be used in other fields requiring the formation of deep zones and more particularly in lithography processes. For example, it can be used in the manufacture of electromechanical microstructures (MEMS) or in the field of microfluidics for applications in biology or chemistry.
L'invention n'est pas limitée aux modes de réalisation décrits ci-dessus. Plus particulièrement, le matériau applicable au domaine de l'invention n'est pas nécessairement un matériau à changement de phase. Il peut être de tout type dès lors qu'il est apte à changer d'état physique. À titre d'exemple, le matériau peut être un oxyde sous stoechiométrique, tel qu'un oxyde de molybdène MoOx. Un tel matériau ne change pas de phase, mais peut se transformer, par traitement thermique, en MoO2/Mo, c'est-à-dire des agrégats de MoO2 avec des résidus de molybdène (Mo). Ainsi, des zones en creux peuvent être formées dans un empilement comportant une première couche en MoOx et une seconde couche comprenant MoO2/Mo. La seconde couche est, par exemple, obtenue en chauffant une couche en MoOx. Puis, un chauffage localisé de la première couche en MoOx permet d'obtenir au moins une région en MoO2/Mo. Une gravure sélective est, ensuite réalisée, par exemple par HN03, pour éliminer le molybdène ainsi que les agrégats de MoO2 avoisinants. La région en MoO2/Mo de la première couche ainsi que la région de la seconde couche disposée en dessous de ladite région en MoO2/Mo de la première couche sont éliminées pour former une zone en creux. D'autres matériaux peuvent également être envisagés tels que Ptx, MnOx.The invention is not limited to the embodiments described above. More particularly, the material applicable to the field of the invention is not necessarily a phase change material. It can be of any type since it is able to change physical state. For example, the material may be a sub stoichiometric oxide, such as MoO x molybdenum oxide. Such a material does not change phase, but can be transformed, by heat treatment, into MoO 2 / Mo, that is to say aggregates of MoO 2 with molybdenum (Mo) residues. Thus, recessed areas may be formed in a stack having a first layer MoO x and a second layer comprising MoO 2 / Mo. The second layer is, for example, obtained by heating a MoO x layer. Then, a localized heating of the first MoO x layer makes it possible to obtain at least one region in MoO 2 / Mo. Selective etching is then performed, for example by
Claims (9)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR0700901A FR2912538B1 (en) | 2007-02-08 | 2007-02-08 | FORMATION OF DEEP HOLLOW AREAS AND USE THEREOF IN THE MANUFACTURE OF AN OPTICAL RECORDING MEDIUM |
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EP1956599A1 true EP1956599A1 (en) | 2008-08-13 |
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EP08354009A Withdrawn EP1956599A1 (en) | 2007-02-08 | 2008-01-25 | Formation of deep hollow zones and their use when manufacturing an optical recording medium |
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US (1) | US8246845B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1956599A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2008198339A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20080074756A (en) |
CN (1) | CN101241724B (en) |
FR (1) | FR2912538B1 (en) |
TW (1) | TW200842847A (en) |
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- 2008-01-28 CN CN2008100032435A patent/CN101241724B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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KR20080074756A (en) | 2008-08-13 |
CN101241724A (en) | 2008-08-13 |
FR2912538A1 (en) | 2008-08-15 |
TW200842847A (en) | 2008-11-01 |
CN101241724B (en) | 2012-05-23 |
US20080292785A1 (en) | 2008-11-27 |
US8246845B2 (en) | 2012-08-21 |
FR2912538B1 (en) | 2009-04-24 |
JP2008198339A (en) | 2008-08-28 |
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