EP1952119A2 - Dispositif détecteur pour détecter la présence d'un gaz - Google Patents

Dispositif détecteur pour détecter la présence d'un gaz

Info

Publication number
EP1952119A2
EP1952119A2 EP06829099A EP06829099A EP1952119A2 EP 1952119 A2 EP1952119 A2 EP 1952119A2 EP 06829099 A EP06829099 A EP 06829099A EP 06829099 A EP06829099 A EP 06829099A EP 1952119 A2 EP1952119 A2 EP 1952119A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
capillary
gas
capillary device
capillaries
detector
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP06829099A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Andreas Varesi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MEMBRANOTEC GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
MEMBRANOTEC GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by MEMBRANOTEC GmbH and Co KG filed Critical MEMBRANOTEC GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP1952119A2 publication Critical patent/EP1952119A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N7/00—Analysing materials by measuring the pressure or volume of a gas or vapour
    • G01N7/10—Analysing materials by measuring the pressure or volume of a gas or vapour by allowing diffusion of components through a porous wall and measuring a pressure or volume difference
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
    • G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
    • G01N1/40—Concentrating samples
    • G01N1/4005—Concentrating samples by transferring a selected component through a membrane
    • G01N2001/4016—Concentrating samples by transferring a selected component through a membrane being a selective membrane, e.g. dialysis or osmosis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/206—Flow affected by fluid contact, energy field or coanda effect [e.g., pure fluid device or system]
    • Y10T137/2224—Structure of body of device

Definitions

  • Detector device for detecting the presence of a gas
  • the present invention relates to new applications of capillary devices with at least partially tapered capillaries.
  • the invention relates to a detector device for qualitatively or quantitatively detecting the presence of a predetermined gas in a gas mixture.
  • the qualitative detection comprises only the determination that the predetermined gas having a concentration above a predetermined detection limit is present in the gas mixture, while the quantitative detection includes the determination of a partial volume or volume fraction.
  • the present invention relates to a gas enrichment apparatus for recovering a predetermined gas from a mixed gas or for enriching the predetermined gas, the gas enrichment apparatus comprising the capillary.
  • the present invention relates to a device for at least temporary generation of mechanical power and a device for at least temporarily generating a rotational movement, each comprising one or more of the capillary devices.
  • detectors are used which respectively detect the presence or the partial pressure of a single predetermined gas or of a gas from a predetermined group of gases in the gas mixture.
  • gases which, because of their chemical and / or physical properties, can be detected with relatively simple and inexpensive detectors.
  • gases which, because of their chemical and / or physical properties, can be detected with relatively simple and inexpensive detectors.
  • gases for example, oxygen.
  • gases can only be detected with relatively expensive and expensive detectors.
  • the latter include, for example, the noble gases due to their chemically inert behavior.
  • detectors or detection devices for helium contain mass spectrometers and cost at least approximately 1,000.00 EUR.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a simple detector device for qualitatively or quantitatively detecting the presence of a predetermined gas in a gas mixture.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a gas extraction apparatus for recovering or enriching a predetermined gas from a gas mixture.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a device for at least temporary delivery of mechanical power and to provide a device for producing a rotational movement.
  • the present invention is based on the idea of a capillary device with one or, preferably, a plurality of capillaries, which are at least partially separated from one side of the capillary device to the other side of the capillary device. boys, to use.
  • a capillary tapered in one direction is flowed through by different gases in different ways.
  • atomic gases or gases consisting of individual atoms in particular noble gases
  • molecular gases which consist of molecules each consisting of two or more atoms (for example nitrogen, oxygen, water vapor, etc.).
  • Single-atomic gases pass through the capillaries faster than molecular gases, but here, too, the atomic mass of the monatomic gas and the molecular mass of the molecular gas have an influence.
  • the tapered capillaries are traversed in particular by monatomic gases and, alternatively, by molecular gases in one direction faster or at a higher rate than in the opposite direction.
  • One side of the capillary device is exposed to the gas mixture to be examined, for example by a gas line connecting this side of the capillary device with a container in which the gas mixture is present.
  • the other side of the capillary is connected to a pressure detector, which in the simplest case is formed by a glycerine drop or other drop of liquid in a riser. Since different gases behave differently at the capillary device and, in particular, the capillaries pass through at different rates, the pressure detected at the pressure detector allows conclusions to be drawn about the gas composition.
  • the capillary device is used for recovering or enriching a predetermined gas from a gas mixture, for generating mechanical power and for generating a rotational movement.
  • the rotational movement can be used, for example, for the detection and / or display of the gas composition or of the partial pressure of the predetermined gas can be used in the gas mixture.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a detector device
  • Figure 2 is a schematic representation of another detector device
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of a cross section of a capillary device
  • Figure 4 is a schematic representation of a cross section of a capillary device with particle paths
  • Figure 5 is a schematic representation of a cross section of another capillary device with particle paths
  • Figure 6 is a schematic representation of a gas enrichment device
  • Figure 7 is a schematic representation of a device
  • Figure 8 is a schematic representation of another device.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a detector device with a capillary device 10 and a pressure detector 20.
  • the capillary device 10 has one or a plurality of capillaries 12, each connecting a first side 14 of the capillary device to a second side 16 of the capillary device 10.
  • the first side 14 of the capillary device 10 is connected to a gas container 18 or a their volume, in which the gas mixture to be examined is connected.
  • the pressure detector 20 is connected via a line 22 to the second side 16 of the capillary device 10.
  • the capillaries 12 taper from the second 16 to the first side 14 of the capillary device 10, d. H. the cross sectional area of each capillary 12 increases from the first side 14 to the second side 16 of the capillary device 10.
  • FIG. 1 like FIGS. 2 to 4 described below, shows schematic and non-full scale representations. In particular, the capillaries 12 and their lateral dimensions are shown not to scale.
  • the minimum cross-sectional area lying in the example of FIG. 1 at or near the first side 14 of the capillary device 10 has a dimension in at least one direction which is preferably smaller than the mean free path of the predetermined gas whose presence is detected by the detector device at the intended measuring conditions (especially total pressure and temperature).
  • the minimum cross-sectional area in at least one direction has a dimension which is of the same order of magnitude as the mean free path, in particular at most twice as large as the mean free path.
  • the capillaries 12 alternatively taper from the first side 14 to the second 16 of the capillary device 10. Further alternative embodiments of the capillaries 12 will be explained in more detail below with reference to FIG.
  • the pressure detector 20 is operatively connected to an evaluation device 28, which receives a measurement signal of the pressure detector 20.
  • the evaluation device 28 is designed to generate an output signal on the basis of the measurement signal received by the pressure detector 20, which indicates whether the predetermined gas is present in the gas mixture with a minimum concentration.
  • the output signal shows from the partial pressure or the volume or mole fraction of the predetermined gas in the gas mixture or a corresponding quantity which quantifies the proportion of the predetermined gas in the gas mixture to.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a detector device in which the pressure detector 20, unlike the example shown in FIG. 1, is a differential pressure detector for detecting a pressure difference.
  • the pressure detector 20 is connected here via a first line 24 to the first side 14 of the capillary device 10 and via a second line 22 to the second side 16 of the capillary 10 to a pressure difference between the first side 14 and the second side 16 of the capillary device 10th capture.
  • the first side 14 of the capillary device 10 is further connected via a further line 26 with a gas volume or gas container, not shown here, in which the gas mixture to be examined is present.
  • the pressure detector 20 is also connected in the case of the detector device illustrated in FIG. 2 to an evaluation device which has the function described above.
  • the further line 26 can be dispensed with, in that the first side 14 of the capillary device 10 is directly connected to the volume or directly adjoins the volume in which the gas to be investigated is present chemically ,
  • the pressure detector 20 is deviated from the illustration in Figure 2 via the first line 24 or directly connected to the volume in which the gas mixture to be examined is present.
  • the capillaries 12 alternatively taper from the first side 14 to the second side 16 of the capillary device 10, or the capillaries 12 have other shapes, as will be shown below with reference to FIG 3, for example.
  • FIG 3 is a schematic representation of a section through a capillary device usable in the detector devices shown in Figures 1 and 2.
  • the illustrated section plane is substantially perpendicular to the first side 14 and the second side 16 of the capillary device 10 and parallel to the capillaries 120, 122, 124, 126, 128 and to their longitudinal axes.
  • the capillaries 120 to 128 need not be arranged and aligned exactly perpendicular to the surfaces 14, 16 of the capillary device 10.
  • a capillary device 10 preferably has a multiplicity of substantially identical capillaries, five different capillaries 120, 122, 124, 126, 128 are shown by way of example in FIG. Notwithstanding FIG. 3, the two sides 14, 16 may also be interchanged (as already mentioned above in connection with FIGS. 1 and 2) or the capillaries 120 to 128 may be interchanged at least in sections from the first side 14 to the second side 16 rejuvenate.
  • the sections through the capillaries 120 to 128 shown in FIG. 3 inevitably represent only the development of the dimensions of the cross-sectional area along the capillary measured parallel to the illustrated sectional plane.
  • the capillaries 120 to 128 of the capillary device 10 preferably extend along their entire length or at least in sections, a circular or elliptical cross section.
  • the dimension of the cross-sectional area measured perpendicular to the sectional plane illustrated in FIG. 3 preferably varies substantially in the same way as the dimension of the cross-sectional area measured in the sectional plane illustrated in FIG.
  • only the cross-sectional area varies according to the examples described below without the parallel to the dargestell-
  • the dimension measured in the sectional plane or the dimension perpendicular to the cutting plane corresponds exactly to the examples.
  • the first capillary 120 shown in FIG. 3 has its minimum cross-sectional area directly on the first side 14 of the capillary device 10.
  • the cross-section or cross-sectional area increases continuously from the first side 14 to the second side 16 of the capillary device 10.
  • the capillary 120 is thus funnel-shaped or cone-shaped.
  • the minimum cross-section or minimum cross-sectional area of the second capillary 122 shown in FIG. 3 is spaced from the first side 14 of the capillary 10, but closer to the first side 14 than to the second side 16.
  • the cross-section or the cross-sectional area of the capillary 122 initially decreases in a first section 42 and then increases again in a second section 44 toward the second side 16.
  • the capillary 122 thus has the shape of a double funnel with two funnel-shaped or conical sections 42, 44, which open to the two sides 14, 16 of the capillary 10.
  • the third capillary 124 shown in FIG. 3 has on the first side 14 of the capillary device 10 a first section 46 with a substantially constant cross-section or a substantially constant cross-sectional area.
  • a second section 48 connects, in which the cross-section or the cross-sectional area of the capillary 124 continuously and in the case of circular or elliptical cross-section preferably grows substantially funnel-shaped or conical.
  • the fourth capillary 126 in the first section 50 does not have the minimum cross-section or the minimum cross-sectional area. Instead, the cross section or the cross-sectional area is larger or substantially larger and reduces stepwise at the transition to the second section 52.
  • the fifth capillary 128 shown in FIG. 3 has a plurality of sections 54, 56, 58, between which the cross-section or the cross-sectional area of the capillary 128 changes stepwise in each case.
  • a section 54, 56, 58 the cross-section or cross-sectional area of the capillary 128 increases in each case in the direction from the first side 14 to the second side 16 of the capillary device 10, and then again in a stepped manner at the transition to the next section 56, 58.
  • the capillary 128 thus has the form of several funnels which are lined up in the same direction.
  • the time evolution of the pressure measured by the pressure detector 20 depends on the composition of the gas mixture. From the time evolution of the pressure (for example, starting from an initially greatly reduced pressure or vacuum in the line 22) can thus be concluded that the composition of the gas mixture in the volume 18. Correspondingly, in the case of the detector device shown above with reference to FIG. 2, it is possible to deduce the composition of the gas mixture from the time development of the pressure difference between the two sides 14, 16 of the capillary device 10 as measured by the pressure detector 20. Such evaluation of the measurement signal of the pressure detector 20 is preferably carried out by the evaluation device 28.
  • the different rates of passage of various gases at the capillary device 10 can be used for filtering or enriching predetermined gas components.
  • helium or other noble gases can be obtained from any gas mixtures.
  • the passage rates through the capillary device 10 from the first side 14 to the second side 16 and from the second side 16 to the first side 14 are different.
  • a pressure difference arises, for example, from the Pressure detector 20, which can be detected above based on the Figure 2 detector device. Since the net gas flow differs from gas to gas, the pressure difference can be used to determine the composition of the gas mixture. Thus, according to this embodiment, not only does the time course of the pressure difference detected by the pressure detector 20 contain information about the composition of the gas mixture but also the steady-state value of the pressure difference occurring after some time.
  • FIG. 3 shows a section of a capillary device 10 with two capillaries 120 with a simple funnel-shaped configuration.
  • the tracks 62, 64 are shown by gas particles. It is assumed that the mean free path of the gas particles is greater or substantially greater than the dimensions of the capillaries 120 perpendicular to their axes, in particular greater than the minimum diameter of the capillaries 120. Under this condition, the webs are substantially ballistic or through Newton's mechanics can be described.
  • a gas particle enters from the second side 16 of the capillary device 10. It can be seen that due to the angle between the opposing walls of the capillary 120, the angle between the track 62 and the axis of the capillary 120 increases with each reflection until it reaches approximately 90 ° and decreases again. This leaves the gas particle the capillary 120 again on the second side 16 of the capillary device 10th
  • the web 64 of a gas particle is shown, which enters from the first side 14 of the capillary 10 in the capillary 120. It can be seen that the angle between the track 64 and the axis of the capillary 120 decreases at each reflection, and the gas particle readily exits the capillary 120 at the second side 16 of the capillary device 10.
  • FIG. 5 also shows a capillary device 10 with a symmetrical capillary 130.
  • the capillary 130 has on both sides 14, 16 of the capillary 10 the same diameter or the same cross-sectional area and tapers from both sides in the same way to a minimum diameter or a minimum cross-sectional area.
  • the location of the minimum diameter or minimum cross-sectional area capillary 130 is equidistant from both sides 14, 16 of the capillary.
  • FIG. 5 also shows the webs 66, 68 of two particles. It can be seen from the exemplified webs 66, 68 that obviously in the case illustrated in FIG. 5 the probability that a particle entering the capillary device 10 at the first side 14 leaves the capillary device 10 at the first side 14 again, and the probability that a particle entering at the second side 16 in the capillary 10, the capillary device 10 leaves on the second side 16 again, are equal.
  • the capillary device shown in Figure 5 thus develops a barrier effect, however, which may be dependent on the type of gas.
  • the microscopic design of the capillaries of the capillary device makes it possible to obtain a net result.
  • FIG. 6 shows a gas enrichment device with a capillary device 10, as described above with reference to FIGS. 3 to 5.
  • the gas enrichment device comprises a first gas container 72, which is connected to the first side 14 of the capillary device 10, and a second gas container 74, which is connected to the second side 16 of the capillary device 10.
  • Both the first and the second gas containers 72, 74 can each be connected directly to the capillary device 10, as shown in FIG. 6, or via lines to the corresponding side 14, 16 of the capillary device 10.
  • the first gas container 72 is filled with the gas mixture containing the predetermined gas in a first concentration. Due to the above-described characteristics of the capillary device 10, the predetermined gas has a higher rate of passage with respect to the capillary device than other components of the gas mixture. In the second gas tank 74 therefore accumulates a gas mixture with a second concentration of the predetermined gas, the second concentration is higher or substantially higher than the first concentration.
  • Equivalent to the device illustrated with reference to FIG. 6 is a continuously operating device in which the gas mixture is fed continuously or discontinuously through a gas supply to the first gas container or directly to the first side 14 of the capillary device 10, while from the second container or to the second container second side 16 of the capillary 10, the predetermined gas or a gas mixture with the enriched predetermined gas is removed continuously or discontinuously by a gas discharge.
  • the capillary device 10 may be installed vice versa.
  • the first side 14 of the capillary device 10 is connected to the second gas container 74 and the second side 16 of the capillary device 10 is connected to the first gas container 72.
  • capillary device for enrichment or depletion of noble gases such as helium or argon.
  • noble gases such as helium or argon.
  • unatomic gases which, as described above, behave differently in capillaries 12 than molecular gases such as nitrogen or oxygen.
  • FIG. 7 shows a device with a capillary device 10, as described above, and a rotor 82, the shaft of which is connected to a transducer 84.
  • the second side 16 of the capillary device 10 is connected to the front side of the rotor 82
  • the first side 14 of the capillary device 10 is connected to the rear side of the rotor 82.
  • the occurring at the capillary 10 net gas flow is thus used to perform mechanical work, in turn, by the converter 84 z. B. is converted into the rash of a pointer instrument.
  • the mechanical power of the rotor 82 is used to drive other devices.
  • any other machine can be used which emits mechanical power upon relaxation of a gas, for example a piston engine.
  • FIG 8 shows another application of capillary devices 10 as described above.
  • One or more large-area capillary devices 10 are mounted on a shaft 92.
  • This shaft 92 is connected to a pointer (not shown).
  • a pressure difference dependent on the gas composition, arises between the first and second gas flows.
  • This pressure difference generates a torque that also depends on the gas composition.
  • a spring also not shown, generates a counter-torque, which depends on the angle of rotation.
  • mechanical power is removed via the shaft 92, which may be used, for example, to drive a generator or other device.
  • the lengths of the capillaries 12, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128, 130 and the lengths of their sections 44, 48, 52, 54, 56, 58, the taper angle and the ratio between the minimum through - A knife of a capillary and the mean free path of a gas particle preferably to the temperature, the pressure and the predetermined gas whose presence is to be detected by the detector device or to be enriched adapted.
  • an enhanced effect for example, an increased pressure or partial pressure or an increased pressure or partial pressure difference
  • pressure oscillation may be, for example, sound acting on the device.
  • the invention can thus be used in particular for the conversion of sound energy into mechanical energy.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
  • Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif détecteur pour la saisie qualitative ou quantitative de la présence d'un gaz déterminé dans un mélange gazeux. Ce dispositif comprend un élément (10) fonctionnant par capillarité et doté d'un ou de plusieurs capillaires (12) qui relient une première face (14) de l'élément (10) fonctionnant par capillarité et une deuxième face (16) dudit élément (10), ainsi qu'un capteur de pression (20) relié à la deuxième face, le capillaire (12) s'amincissant au moins partiellement d'une face à l'autre de l'élément (10) fonctionnant par capillarité.
EP06829099A 2005-11-23 2006-11-22 Dispositif détecteur pour détecter la présence d'un gaz Withdrawn EP1952119A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200510055675 DE102005055675B3 (de) 2005-11-23 2005-11-23 Detektorvorrichtung zum Erfassen des Vorliegens eines Gases
PCT/EP2006/011204 WO2007059948A2 (fr) 2005-11-23 2006-11-22 Dispositif détecteur pour détecter la présence d'un gaz

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1952119A2 true EP1952119A2 (fr) 2008-08-06

Family

ID=37757107

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06829099A Withdrawn EP1952119A2 (fr) 2005-11-23 2006-11-22 Dispositif détecteur pour détecter la présence d'un gaz

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US7841227B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1952119A2 (fr)
DE (1) DE102005055675B3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2007059948A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009013138A1 (de) 2009-03-13 2010-09-16 Universität Bremen Vorrichtung zur Gasanreicherung oder Erzeugung mechanischer Leistung sowie Verfahren dafür
DE102010042261A1 (de) * 2010-10-11 2012-04-12 Membranotec Gmbh & Co. Kg Gastrennvorrichtung
WO2016108763A1 (fr) * 2014-12-29 2016-07-07 Rcj D.O.O. Dispositif permettant d'obtenir de l'énergie à partir de l'énergie cinétique de molécules de gaz
US10775341B2 (en) * 2016-03-25 2020-09-15 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Sensor element, manufacturing method therefor, and gas sensor

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US3415038A (en) * 1966-06-23 1968-12-10 Gulf General Atomic Inc Method and apparatus for gas separation by diffusion
DE1792520A1 (de) * 1968-09-12 1971-11-25 Messer Griesheim Gmbh Verfahren zur Helium- und Wasserstoffgewinnung aus Gasgemischen durch Permeation
US4658636A (en) * 1986-03-18 1987-04-21 Cannon Instrument Company High-temperature, high-shear capillary viscometer
JPH0743361B2 (ja) * 1988-11-11 1995-05-15 株式会社島津製作所 キャピラリカラム
US5316568A (en) * 1992-12-15 1994-05-31 Brown Melvin H Method and apparatus for producing fluid flow
US5395425A (en) * 1992-12-15 1995-03-07 Brown; Melvin H. Apparatus employing porous diaphragms for producing useful work
DE4316196C2 (de) * 1993-05-14 1994-07-28 Guenter Dr Vos Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Gasanalyse
DE19848687B4 (de) * 1998-10-22 2007-10-18 Thermo Electron (Karlsruhe) Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur simultanen Ermittlung von Scher- und Dehnviskosität
US7255871B2 (en) * 2002-05-08 2007-08-14 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Nanotube mat with an array of conduits for biological cells
US7115881B2 (en) * 2002-06-04 2006-10-03 Mario Rabinowitz Positioning and motion control by electrons, ions, and neutrals in electric fields
AU2006282930B2 (en) * 2005-08-24 2012-05-03 The Regents Of The University Of California Membranes for nanometer-scale mass fast transport
US7690241B2 (en) * 2005-10-24 2010-04-06 University Of Southern California Pre-concentrator for trace gas analysis

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
See references of WO2007059948A3 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US7841227B2 (en) 2010-11-30
DE102005055675B3 (de) 2007-07-12
US20080282773A1 (en) 2008-11-20
WO2007059948A2 (fr) 2007-05-31
WO2007059948A3 (fr) 2007-08-30

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