EP1947247A2 - Système de défense - Google Patents

Système de défense Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1947247A2
EP1947247A2 EP07020397A EP07020397A EP1947247A2 EP 1947247 A2 EP1947247 A2 EP 1947247A2 EP 07020397 A EP07020397 A EP 07020397A EP 07020397 A EP07020397 A EP 07020397A EP 1947247 A2 EP1947247 A2 EP 1947247A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
barrage
absorbent
blast
absorbent core
defence
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP07020397A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1947247A3 (fr
Inventor
Richard Bailey
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Environmental Defence Systems Ltd
Original Assignee
Environmental Defence Systems Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GB0701068A external-priority patent/GB0701068D0/en
Priority claimed from GB0717299A external-priority patent/GB0717299D0/en
Application filed by Environmental Defence Systems Ltd filed Critical Environmental Defence Systems Ltd
Priority to EP11174040.3A priority Critical patent/EP2397811B1/fr
Publication of EP1947247A2 publication Critical patent/EP1947247A2/fr
Publication of EP1947247A3 publication Critical patent/EP1947247A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/10—Dams; Dykes; Sluice ways or other structures for dykes, dams, or the like
    • E02B3/106—Temporary dykes
    • E02B3/108—Temporary dykes with a filling, e.g. filled by water or sand
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
    • E02B3/122—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips
    • E02B3/127—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips bags filled at the side
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42D—BLASTING
    • F42D5/00—Safety arrangements
    • F42D5/04—Rendering explosive charges harmless, e.g. destroying ammunition; Rendering detonation of explosive charges harmless
    • F42D5/045—Detonation-wave absorbing or damping means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to defence system, and in particular, but not exclusively, to suppression of blast and/or fragmentation pieces created during the detonation of explosive ordnance and/or a system capable of acting as a flood barrier.
  • defence system and in particular, but not exclusively, to suppression of blast and/or fragmentation pieces created during the detonation of explosive ordnance and/or a system capable of acting as a flood barrier.
  • the invention is not limited to these particular fields of use.
  • Sandbags are routinely used as a flood defence barrier or a blast suppression barrier. It will be well understood that sand bags can be built to form a wall or a dyke.
  • a typical way of building a flood barrier is to pile filled sandbags together to act as a barrage or dam, for example across a doorway, to prevent the ingress of water.
  • a typical method used to suppress fragmentation is to surround the ordnance with a wall of sandbags. This allows the ordnance to be detonated with little risk of the fragmentation damaging equipment or injuring personnel.
  • the amount of sandbags required to build the protective wall are generally dependent on the type of ordnance to be disposed of. For example, detonation of an 81mm HE mortar round typically requires a wall built from approximately 80 regulation size sandbags.
  • a supply of particulate matter such as sand or earth
  • particulate matter such as sand or earth
  • the only source available is the surrounding ground or alternatively loose sand must be transported in.
  • sand if the sand is wet, it will significantly increase in weight and can therefore be very labour intensive and time consuming to fill bag and create a suitable defence wall.
  • attaining the filling for the bags can be extremely time and labour intensive. In either case, this is especially disadvantageous.
  • the sandbags may be pre-filled off-site and delivered to the location.
  • additional demands on transport resources generally man-power is still required to fill the bags, and load and unload the vehicle.
  • pre-filled sandbags are stored in unfavourable conditions for an extended period of time, they are prone to perishing, rendering them useless and a waste of resources.
  • sandbags can also be an inefficient, as the bag itself can be easily destroyed during detonation. Without a containing bag, the particulate matter contained within can do little to retard the impact of the fragments. Hence, an extensive quantity of sandbags may be required during detonation, depending on the blast fragmentation capacity of the explosive ordnance.
  • a further disadvantage of using sandbags is that they have limited ability to prevent the sound of detonation to the surrounding area. This can be problematic as many military ranges are located nearby residential housing where sound restrictions apply. Hence, loud detonation of ordnance may result in breaking of such restrictions.
  • Known devices for detonating unexploded ordnance and other munitions include electric detonators, plastic explosives and sub-munitions. Depending on the type of ordnance being destroyed and the type of detonator used, a range of blast fragment zones may result. In the circumstances where personnel or equipment may lie within the blast fragmentation zone, the range of impact of the fragmentations must be suppressed to avoid damage or injuries.
  • One such flood defence system utilises a bag or sack containing a superabsorbent polymer.
  • a superabsorbent polymer will generally be loosely filled, enabling expansion of the polymer once it is wetted.
  • the polymer and/or the wetted gel may lie at one end of the sack and when the barrage units are stacked together a watertight seal may not be formed.
  • the present invention has been made, at least in part, in consideration of the problems and drawbacks of conventional systems and attempts to overcome or mitigate the disadvantages present with conventionally known approaches.
  • a barrage unit comprising a porous bag or sack containing an absorbent core said absorbent core comprising an absorbent crystalline material and an absorbent fibrous material.
  • the absorbent crystalline material is preferentially a polymeric material, such as a super absorbent polymer.
  • a polymeric material such as a super absorbent polymer.
  • superabsorbent polymers may include polyacrylates and/or polyacrylamides, especially polyacrylate and/or polyacrylamide salts, such as the alkali metal salts, e.g. sodium or potassium salts. These types of substances can hold up to 200 times their own weight of water as the crystals can form an absorbent gelling polymer when saturated with fluid. It will be well understood by the person skilled in the art that mixtures of superabsorbent polymers may be used.
  • a superabsorbent polymer such as, polyacrylamide copolymer, ethylene maleic anhydride copolymer, cross-linked carboxy-methyl-cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol copolymers, cross-linked polyethylene oxide, and starch grafted copolymer of polyacrylonitrile.
  • the fibrous material preferably comprises a cellulosic material, for example, a pulp fibre, such as a wood pulp or fibre crop material, such as cotton pulp and the like. Cotton pulp is preferred. There are numerous other fibre crop materials available and it will be appreciated by the person skilled in the art that a number of such materials and/or mixtures of such materials may be used.
  • the ratio of absorbent crystalline material to absorbent fibrous material may vary and may depend on a number of factors, such as the nature of the crystalline material, e.g. the superabsorbent polymer, the nature of the fibrous material, e.g. pulp material and the use to which the bag or sack will be put, e.g. flood defence system or blast defence system.
  • the fibrous material may comprise of from 40% to 80% by weight, preferably from 50% to 70% by weight, 55% to 65% by weight, the crystalline material making all or a substantial proportion of the remainder.
  • a barrage unit containing an absorbent core as a defence system wherein said absorbent core comprising an absorbent crystalline material and an absorbent fibrous material.
  • the use hereinbefore described may comprise use as a flood defence system or use as a blast defence system, e.g. suppressing blast and/or fragmentation pieces from explosives during detonation.
  • the barrage may comprise a defence system against flooding or blast and/or fragmentation pieces.
  • a method of suppressing blast and/or fragmentation pieces from explosive during detonation comprising placing a barrage unit relative to the explosive prior to detonation such that upon detonation, the porous bag absorbs at least some of the blast fragmentation pieces.
  • the barrage units may be installed dry and wetted in situ or alternatively, the barrage units may be wetted prior to building a barrage wall.
  • the method may comprise installation of a flood defence system or installation of a blast defence system.
  • the absorbent core of the barrage unit as hereinbefore described comprises an absorbent crystalline material and an absorbent fibrous material
  • the core may comprise an admixture absorbent crystalline material and an absorbent fibrous material.
  • the absorbent core comprises alternating layers of absorbent crystalline material and an absorbent fibrous material.
  • a plurality of such layers may be present, for example, from 1 to 6 multilayers may be present (wherein a multilayer consists of a layer of a crystalline material and a layer of absorbent fibrous material), preferably from 2 to 5, more preferably 3 or 4 multilayers.
  • the bag or sack of the barrage unit may comprise any conventional material known as a sacking material, thus it may be a natural material or a synthetic material or a combination of such materials.
  • a natural material is a jute fabric
  • an example of a synthetic material is a loosely woven polypropylene.
  • a jute fabric is preferred because of, inter alia, its hydrophilicity.
  • the bag or sack may be strengthened by using a liner.
  • the liner comprises a hydrophilic material, such as, cotton and the like.
  • a blast prevention bag or sack may comprise a crystalline polymer e.g. a superabsorbent polymer alone or a combination of a crystalline polymer and a fibrous material.
  • a small and lightweight (pre-saturation) bag can hold a large amount of water and thus provide a large amount of fragmentation- and blast-absorbing capability.
  • the absorbent bag may be saturated prior to being positioned relative to the explosive or after being positioned relative to the explosive.
  • the bag may be formed in a variety of shapes. For example, prior to saturation, some bags may be substantially rectangular and planar in shape. Alternative shapes may utilised, such as an annulus, partial annulus, oval, or square/rectangular with the centre portion removed. Such bag shapes may enable a reduced number of bags to be used, thus providing for an easier construction of any necessary containment structure and potentially reducing the amount of time that explosives disposal personnel need to spend in the immediate vicinity of the device to be detonated.
  • a number of bags may be used together in a configuration to completely or partially surround an explosive.
  • the bags may be arranged in an overlapping configuration such as a might conventionally be used to construct a wall or other structure from sandbags or construction blocks.
  • the structure may at least partially enclose the explosive from above as well as at a side.
  • an igloo type shape structure might be appropriate.
  • the bags may be used to suppress fragmentation for a range of explosive devices such as, landmines, unexploded air launched ordinance including cluster bomb "bomblets” and other air-dropped bombs, unexploded ground-launched ordinance such as thrown or fired grenades, mortar shells and artillery shells.
  • explosive devices such as, landmines, unexploded air launched ordinance including cluster bomb "bomblets” and other air-dropped bombs, unexploded ground-launched ordinance such as thrown or fired grenades, mortar shells and artillery shells.
  • Specific tests have been carried out to judge the efficiency of the bags at containing the fragmentation and/or blast from various landmines, cluster bomb "bomblets” and mortar shells as these are types of ordinance which have often left behind to kill, injure or maim civilians in recent conflicts around the world. The efforts of the inventors have therefore centred on developing a system for dealing safely with devices of this type.
  • Various detonation devices used to detonate the explosive ordnance may include electrically activated high explosive detonators such as might be designed for detonating explosive placed charges in the mining or quarrying industries.
  • Detonators might include wire-activated detonators, time-fused detonators, or chemical fused detonators.
  • Detonators might also include impact or pressure-based detonators which can be activated by launching or throwing heavy objects onto the ordinance after placement of the waterbag screen. This approach could also be used to detonate pressure-sensitive ordinance such as landmines without the need for a separate detonator.
  • the pressure sensitive ordinance such as landmines
  • detonation could be achieved by laying waterbags directly over as well as around the ordinance and using the pressure caused by the increasing weight of the waterbag as water is applied to cause detonation.
  • These "low-tech” detonation approaches may have particular application in locations were a supply of detonators is expensive and hard to transport securely and safely, such as many remote regions were guerrilla armies or government forces may have placed minefields in order to hamper one-another's movements.
  • the absorbent bags may be in the form of a 'waterbag'.
  • fluids other than water may be used to saturate the bag, the main requirement for such being that the fluid will not ignite or burn when the explosive is detonated.
  • a method of creating a blast defence barrage which comprises the use of a porous bag or sack containing an absorbent core wherein said absorbent core comprises an absorbent crystalline material.
  • the method may comprise suppressing blast and/or fragmentation pieces from explosive during detonation, the method comprising positioning a barrage unit relative to the explosive prior to detonation such that upon detonation, the barrage unit absorbs at least some of the blast fragmentation pieces.
  • the barrage unit is placed over said explosive such that during saturation, the weight increase of said barrage unit detonates said explosive.
  • One or more barrage units are arranged to form a wall which partially encloses or completely said explosive. The units may be randomly laid to form said wall.
  • the explosive ordnance includes one or more of mortar shells, artillery shells, cluster munitions and other air-delivered munitions.
  • the explosive may include one or more of sensor bombs, timer bombs, mines, cluster bombs, or home-made explosives/bombs.
  • the sound absorbing qualities of the gel within the waterbag were found to be generally superior to that of sand. Hence, use of absorbent bags or waterbags can potentially reduce the penetration of sound generated during detonation.
  • the absorbent bag 1 includes an outer lining 2 comprising a material such as heavy duty absorbent paper and an absorbent core 3.
  • the absorbent core 3 includes absorbent crystals. As illustrated in Figure 2a , these crystals have low volume when dry and so make the bag low in bulk for storage and transportation. When the bag 1 is saturated, the crystals absorb a large amount of fluid to form an absorbent gelling polymer capable to retaining fluid, such as water. This is illustrated in Figure 2b where it is clear that the volume of the absorbent core 3 has significantly increased over the above and dry or unsaturated state. Preferably, the gelling polymer is able to retain the fluid even whilst under pressure from the weight of any bags which may be layered above.
  • Absorbent crystals suitable for use in the absorbent core include, so-called super-absorbent polymers, including the product Super Absorbent Polymer TM .
  • Such crystals may include sodium polyacrylate (which is used in many disposable nappies/diapers for children and infants) or a polyacrylamide with a potassium salt base (which in fact is a slow-release agent sometimes used in soil moisture applications). These types of substances can hold up to 200 times their own weight of water.
  • the bags may be saturated either in situ or off-site and then transported to the location where there bags will be used. According to the present examples, use of the bags will be to reduce the fragmentation and/or blast and/or noise effects of an explosive device such as an item of explosive ordnance.
  • the explosive could be almost any of launched, dropped or fired explosive such as rockets or mortar shells.
  • the explosive could also be a placed explosive, which could be triggered to explode by pressure sensor, proximity sensor, material type sensor (e.g. magnetic sensor), disturbance sensor (e.g. tripwire) or timer. Examples of such could include mines, cluster bombs "bomblets”, demolition charges, car bombs and other devices such as may be used by any form of military or paramilitary organisation.
  • all the bags may be saturated nearby and then subsequently stacked to form the protective wall.
  • a first layer of bags may be placed in location adjacent the explosive ordnance and then saturated. This process is can then be repeated for each subsequent layer of bags until a suitable height is reached.
  • a number of layers may be placed simultaneously and then saturated together.
  • water is used to saturate the bags as it is generally a readily available source of fluid.
  • other fluids may be used in substitution, such as, any other fluid which would not explode or burn as a result of the detonation of the ordinance.
  • many differing amounts and layouts of bags may be used to build the protective wall or structure adjacent the explosive ordnance.
  • the arrangement will depend on the type of explosive to be detonated and the type of detonation device used.
  • the structure might comprise a wall built surrounding the device.
  • the wall might be constructed by randomly stacking bags or by laying the bags in a deliberate pattern.
  • An example of a simple wall layout 4 arranged adjacent an explosive device 5 is shown in Figure 3 .
  • a wall of bags may be constructed according to a recognised bricklaying type pattern, such as a stretcher, Flemish or English bond.
  • a wall configuration as shown in Figures 4, 5 and 6 may be used.
  • the bags are stacked one on top of the other and are positioned so that the explosive device 5 is surrounded by the bag. Saturation has caused the bags to begin swelling to form a wall portion surrounding the explosive. If greater blast suppression is required, more layers can be added prior to detonating the explosive device.
  • the arrangement shown in Figure 4 illustrates an 881b mortar shell and the arrangements shown in Figures 5 and 6 illustrate landmines.
  • a wall having a thickness of a single standard sandbag sized bag might be sufficient.
  • a greater wall thickness might appropriate.
  • a UK BL755 cluster bomb sub-munition (“bomblet”) was detonated using a 4oz (0.12Kg) PE4 charge from a position underneath a stack of 9 saturated bags.
  • Each bag used in this trial was substantially rectangular and had dimensions 450x570mm and was saturated with approximately 20 litres of water.
  • Witness screens were erected at 1m and 5m distances. Following the detonation, no fragmentation damage was observed at either witness screen. Some of the bags were damaged by the fragmentation pieces and the blast, and some pieces of saturated gel from the bags were observed to have been distributed up to 5m from the munition.
  • an L36A2 81mm high explosive mortar shall was placed in the centre of a surrounding wall consisting of 80 bags laid three courses high.
  • the shell was detonated using an 8oz (0.23Kg) PE4 charge using L2A1 electric detonator.
  • Witness screens were placed at 5m distance. Following the detonation, no fragmentation damage was observed on any witness screen.
  • the bags were scattered in a localised area around the shell. The overall effectiveness in mitigating blast and fragmentation was observed to be approximately equal to that provided by a wall consisting of 80 regulation size sandbags.
  • the explosive may be located other than on a ground surface.
  • explosive may be located within a motor vehicle. In such an example, it might be appropriate to build a wall around the motor vehicle and/or to cover the motor vehicle with bags.
  • the bag or bags may be placed over the explosive in an unsaturated state and then exposed to liquid to saturate the bag.
  • Such an arrangement could be used for clearing of minefields, where unsaturated bags placed over the mine would be insufficient to detonate the mine.
  • the bags could then be saturated from a safe distance using, for example, a hose to the bags or by spraying liquid from a distance.
  • the bags saturate the weight will increase, eventually reaching a loading sufficient to detonate the mine.
  • the bag or bags will be sufficiently saturated to limit the blast effect from the mine.
  • This system could be applied to both anti-personnel and anti-vehicle mines, with the number of bags used being adjusted according to the pressure loading required to detonate the mine and the expected explosive power of the mine.
  • the barrage unit 6 comprises a jute fabric outer sack 7 and a hydrophilic polymer liner 8.
  • the sack/liner houses a plurality of alternating layers of SAP 9 and pulp fibre 10
  • barrage units 11 were stacked together to form a dam 12 across a door 13. It is apparent that a water tight barrage was formed.
EP07020397A 2007-01-19 2007-10-18 Système de défense Withdrawn EP1947247A3 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11174040.3A EP2397811B1 (fr) 2007-01-19 2007-10-18 Système de défense

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0701068A GB0701068D0 (en) 2007-01-19 2007-01-19 Suppression
GB0717299A GB0717299D0 (en) 2007-09-05 2007-09-05 Defence system

Related Child Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11174040.3A Division EP2397811B1 (fr) 2007-01-19 2007-10-18 Système de défense
EP11174040.3A Previously-Filed-Application EP2397811B1 (fr) 2007-01-19 2007-10-18 Système de défense

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1947247A2 true EP1947247A2 (fr) 2008-07-23
EP1947247A3 EP1947247A3 (fr) 2008-09-03

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EP11174040.3A Active EP2397811B1 (fr) 2007-01-19 2007-10-18 Système de défense
EP07020397A Withdrawn EP1947247A3 (fr) 2007-01-19 2007-10-18 Système de défense

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11174040.3A Active EP2397811B1 (fr) 2007-01-19 2007-10-18 Système de défense

Country Status (1)

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EP (2) EP2397811B1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2015155514A1 (fr) * 2014-04-08 2015-10-15 Environmental Defence Systems Limited Procédé et appareil permettant de commander un dispositif dangereux
US20170030040A1 (en) * 2014-04-09 2017-02-02 Levice Invest, S.R.O. Self-filling flood-protection bag
GB2541208A (en) * 2015-08-13 2017-02-15 Env Defence Systems Ltd A method of inhibiting a blast from an explosive
FR3092347A1 (fr) 2019-02-06 2020-08-07 Aprotek Nouvel article absorbant pour la retention d’eau

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP6793981B1 (ja) * 2019-09-27 2020-12-02 株式会社協栄包装 水嚢袋の使用方法

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0131312A2 (fr) * 1983-07-12 1985-01-16 Hasso von Blücher Protection contre les crues
US4650368A (en) 1985-05-10 1987-03-17 American Threshold Industries, Inc. Flood water containment bag
EP0368107A1 (fr) 1988-11-09 1990-05-16 Ebiox System Ag Dispositif de protection contre les effets des eaux
JPH03286010A (ja) * 1990-03-16 1991-12-17 Tokyo Metropolis 吸水性ゲル水のう用吸水材
JPH08134865A (ja) * 1994-11-02 1996-05-28 Sanyo Chem Ind Ltd 土のう
WO1997001003A1 (fr) * 1995-06-21 1997-01-09 Huvec B.V. Dispositif absorbant l'humidite, et son procede de fabrication
JPH1161773A (ja) * 1997-08-25 1999-03-05 Kanebo Ltd 吸水性ゲル水嚢
JP2001355219A (ja) * 2000-04-12 2001-12-26 Toa Shoji Kk 可搬式敷設体
US20040063801A1 (en) * 2000-11-06 2004-04-01 Klaus Roehm Absorbent material and method for the production of the same
CN2778879Y (zh) * 2005-03-06 2006-05-10 王洪英 抗洪涝吸水膨胀应急袋

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2331241A (en) * 1997-11-12 1999-05-19 Michael Pochin Marius Wright Antiblast or anti-detonation system
RU2150669C1 (ru) * 1999-03-15 2000-06-10 Товарищество с ограниченной ответственностью "Научно-производственное объединение специальных материалов" Устройство локализации воздействий взрывных механизмов
WO2005005807A1 (fr) * 2003-07-11 2005-01-20 Slater Steve A Sacs d'arret en sections a emboitement
US20070119851A1 (en) * 2004-03-02 2007-05-31 Peter James Bomb bin

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0131312A2 (fr) * 1983-07-12 1985-01-16 Hasso von Blücher Protection contre les crues
US4650368A (en) 1985-05-10 1987-03-17 American Threshold Industries, Inc. Flood water containment bag
EP0368107A1 (fr) 1988-11-09 1990-05-16 Ebiox System Ag Dispositif de protection contre les effets des eaux
JPH03286010A (ja) * 1990-03-16 1991-12-17 Tokyo Metropolis 吸水性ゲル水のう用吸水材
JPH08134865A (ja) * 1994-11-02 1996-05-28 Sanyo Chem Ind Ltd 土のう
WO1997001003A1 (fr) * 1995-06-21 1997-01-09 Huvec B.V. Dispositif absorbant l'humidite, et son procede de fabrication
JPH1161773A (ja) * 1997-08-25 1999-03-05 Kanebo Ltd 吸水性ゲル水嚢
JP2001355219A (ja) * 2000-04-12 2001-12-26 Toa Shoji Kk 可搬式敷設体
US20040063801A1 (en) * 2000-11-06 2004-04-01 Klaus Roehm Absorbent material and method for the production of the same
CN2778879Y (zh) * 2005-03-06 2006-05-10 王洪英 抗洪涝吸水膨胀应急袋

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2015155514A1 (fr) * 2014-04-08 2015-10-15 Environmental Defence Systems Limited Procédé et appareil permettant de commander un dispositif dangereux
US20170030696A1 (en) * 2014-04-08 2017-02-02 Environmental Defence Systems Limited A Method and Apparatus for Controlling a Hazardous Device
US20220364840A1 (en) * 2014-04-08 2022-11-17 Environmental Defence Systems Limited Method And Apparatus For Controlling A Hazardous Device
US20170030040A1 (en) * 2014-04-09 2017-02-02 Levice Invest, S.R.O. Self-filling flood-protection bag
US10184771B2 (en) 2015-08-11 2019-01-22 Environmental Defence Systems Limited Method of inhibiting a blast from an explosive
GB2541208A (en) * 2015-08-13 2017-02-15 Env Defence Systems Ltd A method of inhibiting a blast from an explosive
GB2541208B (en) * 2015-08-13 2021-08-11 Environmental Defence Systems Ltd A method of inhibiting a blast from an explosive
FR3092347A1 (fr) 2019-02-06 2020-08-07 Aprotek Nouvel article absorbant pour la retention d’eau

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1947247A3 (fr) 2008-09-03
EP2397811A2 (fr) 2011-12-21
EP2397811B1 (fr) 2017-01-04
EP2397811A3 (fr) 2014-06-11

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