EP1938441A1 - Moteur synchrone a demarrage automatique et a excitation permanente - Google Patents

Moteur synchrone a demarrage automatique et a excitation permanente

Info

Publication number
EP1938441A1
EP1938441A1 EP06805778A EP06805778A EP1938441A1 EP 1938441 A1 EP1938441 A1 EP 1938441A1 EP 06805778 A EP06805778 A EP 06805778A EP 06805778 A EP06805778 A EP 06805778A EP 1938441 A1 EP1938441 A1 EP 1938441A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rotor
cage
permanent magnet
hollow cylindrical
rotor according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP06805778A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Thomas Heese
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Wilo SE
Original Assignee
Wilo AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Wilo AG filed Critical Wilo AG
Publication of EP1938441A1 publication Critical patent/EP1938441A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/46—Motors having additional short-circuited winding for starting as an asynchronous motor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/2726—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of a single magnet or two or more axially juxtaposed single magnets
    • H02K1/2733—Annular magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
    • H02K1/276—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a rotor of an electric motor, in particular a permanently excited synchronous motor with a rotor shaft, a conductive cage arranged coaxially to the rotor axis and at least one permanent magnet.
  • Synchronous drives are increasingly used for small drives in industrial applications. These machines are usually operated directly on the AC network without a converter. In nominal operation, they run synchronously with the mains frequency. In order to reach this operating point, the independent startup against the moment of inertia and the load must take place. This is generally not a problem for very small motors, since the moment of inertia is low, but the load torque must also be as low as possible for low speeds. This is the case with pumps and fans, since the load only increases with the speed. This is for ⁇ -that small, self-starting synchronous motors in these applications use will find the main reason.
  • Small heating pumps with an output of up to approx. 50 watts are, however, generally implemented today with asynchronous motors and an operating capacitor. These pumps are mainly wet-running machines that have a relatively large air gap, which results in low efficiency.
  • asynchronous motors is that the Pump drive on the AC network enables problem-free self-starting.
  • the synchronous motors require starting electronics, since the tightening torque compared to the moment of inertia and load is not sufficient for a safe self-start under all conditions (e.g. contamination). It should also be mentioned that the start electronics required for the start-up require significant additional costs for the product.
  • Such a rotor is known, for example, from German published patent application DE 102 54 967. It discloses a rotor of an electric motor with a stack of magnetically conductive sheets through which rods of a short-circuit cage are guided, which ends on both sides with short-circuit rings, into each of which four permanent magnets with a rectangular cross-section are inserted.
  • An electric motor with a rotor of this type runs asynchronously through feeders) of an AC voltage and finally runs at nominal speed in synchronism with the frequency of the AC voltage.
  • a disadvantage of the rotor of DE 102 54 967 is the extremely complex construction and a resultant result high manufacturing costs, combined with correspondingly high manufacturing costs.
  • a rotor of an electric motor which has a core made of ferromagnetic material, on the cylindrical outer surface of which thin, narrow permanent magnets are applied, which extend in the axial direction along the axis of rotation.
  • a thin metallic cylindrical sleeve encloses the permanent magnets and presses them against the ferromagnetic material.
  • the stator magnetic field which penetrates the rotor generates local eddy currents in the area in which the stator magnetic field penetrates the cylindrical sleeve , these induced currents in turn resulting in a magnetic field of the same frequency which interacts with the stator magnetic field and generates a torque which accelerates the rotor.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a rotor of a synchronous motor which combines a high starting torque and thus a reliable self-start with a high efficiency in rated operation with simple construction and manufacture and at the same time ensures low manufacturing costs and correspondingly low manufacturing costs.
  • a generic rotor can be significantly simplified by replacing the short-circuit cage with a solid, electrically conductive hollow cylinder.
  • this hollow cylinder can advantageously be made of brass, copper or stainless steel.
  • the resulting solid rotor has a significantly higher tightening torque, which can be used very well for starting up a synchronous motor, especially in the wet-rotor version, in which the rotor rotates in a liquid medium and has to overcome a high load torque when starting. It is advantageous here that the synchronous motor falls into synchronism with a small slip and continues to run with the high synchronous torque and good efficiency in rated operation.
  • the permanent magnet can be made of ferrite, a samarium-cobalt compound (SmCo) or a neodymium-iron-boron compound, for example (NdFeB) exist, whereby the permanent magnetic material can be sintered or plastic-bound.
  • SmCo samarium-cobalt compound
  • NdFeB neodymium-iron-boron compound
  • Both a synchronous machine stator with concentrated windings and an asynchronous machine stator with diameter windings can be used as the stator of the electric motor.
  • a particularly advantageous embodiment variant of the present invention results from the fact that the rotor of the permanently excited synchronous motor has a conductive cage arranged coaxially to the rotor axis and a permanent magnet, the cage being designed as a solid hollow cylinder and the permanent magnet being cylindrical in the form of a solid hollow cylinder is formed and extends coaxially along at least part of the cage.
  • the hollow cylindrical permanent magnet can be formed in one piece.
  • the hollow cylindrical permanent magnet can, however, also be composed of several, for example, two, three or four hollow cylindrical sectional parts, the hollow cylindrical sectional parts in this case being firmly connected to one another in such a way that, in their entirety, they form the solid hon (cylindrical permanent magnet of a rotor according to the invention simplified.
  • the axially parallel permanent magnets can also be combined with the hollow cylindrical permanent magnet.
  • two axially parallel permanent magnets which are diametrically opposed, are preferably suitable for the use of a two-pole motor, wherein according to the invention, when using 2p-pole electric motors, 2p permanent magnets are to be arranged accordingly within the rotor.
  • the hollow cylindrical permanent magnet at least partially abuts the inside of the cage. As a result, further fasteners or additional filler material can be avoided.
  • the rotor according to the invention is particularly suitable for use in a containment shell pump in which the rotor rotates within a liquid, since the permanent magnet is not directly exposed to the liquid.
  • the hollow cylindrical permanent magnet can also at least partially rest on the outside of the cage, but in this case additional measures are necessary when using a neodymium-iron-boron compound as permanent magnetic material in order to protect the permanent magnet against corrosion.
  • the hollow cylindrical permanent magnet has a radial or diametric magnetization and that the magnetization has magnetic poles which are distributed over the circumference of the permanent magnet.
  • the number of magnetic poles should be selected according to the number of poles of the stator.
  • any magnetization can be impressed on the permanent magnet, for example one over the circumference of the Permanent magnets considered sinusoidal magnetization. It is particularly advantageous here that, compared with the use of individual, spaced-apart permanent magnets, the hollow cylindrical permanent magnet receives a continuous magnetization through the stamping of a magnetization, which enables a steady polarization transition, in particular when changing from one magnetic pole to the next, with an optimal adaptation of the permanent magnet to the stator magnetic field is possible and the cogging torque is reduced, which is also accompanied by noise reduction.
  • the impressed magnetization can also be carried out in such a way that the poles are arranged circumferentially of the permanent magnet in such a way that there is a polarity which, in particular, changes abruptly over the circumference of the hollow cylindrical permanent magnet.
  • the cage which is designed in the form of a solid hollow cylinder, can, in an advantageous embodiment, be made in one piece from copper, brass or stainless steel, as a result of which particularly simple manufacture is possible.
  • the cage can preferably have an axial thickness which is between 5% and 30%, preferably between 10% and 20% of the total radius of the rotor, so that a solid cage is formed.
  • the hollow cylindrical permanent magnet can preferably have an axial thickness which is between 10% and 40%, in particular between 20% and 30% of the total radius of the rotor.
  • Permanent magnets together between 10% and 40%, in particular between 20% and 30% of the total radius of the rotor.
  • the generic rotor is particularly suitable for use within a liquid medium in which it can be rotatably supported, the medium being able to be conveyed by a pump driven by an electric motor, and the pump preferably has a can or a can for receiving the rotor.
  • the rotor 1 shows the cross section of a rotor 1 according to the invention.
  • the rotor 1 has a rotor shaft 5 and a conductive cage 2 which is arranged coaxially to the rotor axis 7 and which is designed as a solid hollow cylinder.
  • the rotor 1 has a permanent magnet 3, which is likewise designed in the form of a solid hollow cylinder and extends coaxially along at least part of the cage 2.
  • the hollow cylindrical permanent magnet has a thickness d2.
  • the permanent magnet 3 lies inside the cage 2 and on the inside of the cage 2.
  • the cage 2 has a thickness d1, which is preferably between 5% and 30%, in particular between 10% and 20% of the total radius of the rotor 1.
  • the permanent magnet 3, on the other hand, has an axial thickness d2 which is between 10% and 40% of the total radius of the rotor 1.
  • a hollow cylindrical permanent magnet made of a samarium-cobalt or a neodymium-iron-boron compound preferably has an axial thickness d2 between 10% and 25%
  • a hollow cylindrical permanent magnet made of a ferrite preferably has an axial thickness d2 between 20% and 40%.
  • the percentages refer to the total volume of all axially parallel permanent magnets.
  • a preferably ferromagnetic material 4, which conducts the magnetic flux well, can be located below the permanent magnet 3.
  • FIG. 2 shows a generic rotor with a solid short-circuit cage 2 in the form of a hollow cylinder, internal block magnets 6 being inserted instead of the hollow cylindrical permanent magnet 3.
  • the magnets 6 lie diametrically opposite one another and extend parallel to the rotor axis 7 of the rotor shaft 5.
  • the axially parallel permanent magnets 6 lie in the ferromagnetic material 4.
  • the hollow cylindrical cage 2 When an electric motor starts up with one of the rotors according to the invention, the hollow cylindrical cage 2 first has its effect, whereas the hollow cylindrical or axially parallel permanent magnets 3, 6 develop their effect in synchronous operation.
  • the stator magnetic field passes through the cage 2 and generates eddy currents within the cage 2 along its entire thickness d1, which in turn result in a magnetic field which interacts with the stator magnetic field in such a way that a torque is generated by which the rotor is accelerated. Eddy currents are generated as long as the speed of the rotor is below the synchronous speed.
  • the ferrite material 4 is first applied to the rotor shaft 5, the outer diameter of the ferrite material 4 just corresponding to the inner diameter of the hollow cylindrical permanent magnet 3.
  • the ferrite material 4 can also first be made in the shape of a hollow cylinder and then pushed over the rotor shaft 5.
  • the permanent magnet 3 is then pushed over the ferrite material 4 and finally the short-circuit cage 2 is pushed over the permanent magnet 3.
  • Such a rotor is particularly suitable for use within a can or a can of an electric motor-driven pump.
  • the manufacturing method described can essentially be transferred to the second embodiment variant of the rotor according to the invention, but here the permanent magnets 6 according to FIG. 2 are first introduced into the material 4 when producing the hollow cylinder from the ferromagnetic material 4.
  • the hollow cylinder thus produced, made of ferrite material 4 and permanent magnet 6, is pushed with its inner cavity onto the rotor shaft 5 and then the massive short-circuit ring 2 is pushed over the ferromagnetic material 4.
  • an end plate can be used on both sides of the rotor, which seals the rotor airtight and watertight, so that it is particularly suitable for use within an electromotive canned or canned pump.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)
  • Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un rotor (1) de moteur électrique, en particulier de moteur synchrone à excitation permanente, qui comporte un arbre de rotor, une cage (2) conductrice placée coaxialement à l'axe du rotor et au moins un aimant permanent (3). L'aimant permanent est placé de préférence sous la cage (2) et pour la production d'un couple de démarrage élevé du moteur synchrone à excitation permanente, la cage (2) possède la forme d'un cylindre creux massif.
EP06805778A 2005-10-20 2006-09-20 Moteur synchrone a demarrage automatique et a excitation permanente Withdrawn EP1938441A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200510050643 DE102005050643A1 (de) 2005-10-20 2005-10-20 Selbstanlaufender permanent-erregter Synchronmotor
PCT/EP2006/009142 WO2007045319A1 (fr) 2005-10-20 2006-09-20 Moteur synchrone a demarrage automatique et a excitation permanente

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1938441A1 true EP1938441A1 (fr) 2008-07-02

Family

ID=37459558

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06805778A Withdrawn EP1938441A1 (fr) 2005-10-20 2006-09-20 Moteur synchrone a demarrage automatique et a excitation permanente

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1938441A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN101292409A (fr)
DE (1) DE102005050643A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2007045319A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009042214A1 (de) 2008-10-22 2010-04-29 Ksb Aktiengesellschaft Rotor eines selbstanlaufenden Elektromotors
CN102055262B (zh) * 2009-10-28 2013-09-25 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 自启动永磁同步电机、该电机所用转子及其生产方法
RU2444106C2 (ru) * 2009-11-30 2012-02-27 ЗАО "Сев-Евродрайф" Ротор синхронной электрической машины и синхронная электрическая машина, содержащая такой ротор
WO2013054301A2 (fr) * 2011-10-14 2013-04-18 Itt Manufacturing Enterprises Inc Pompe permettant de pomper des eaux usées
CN102545432A (zh) * 2011-12-31 2012-07-04 浙江大学 采用导电套的自起动永磁同步电机转子
DE102012007603A1 (de) * 2012-04-16 2013-10-17 Otto Stemme Permanentmagnet für einen Elektroantrieb und/oder Dynamo
CN103607146B (zh) * 2013-11-12 2016-03-30 福州大学 基于多机组合式结构的大容量永磁同步电动机起动方法
CN116317287A (zh) * 2018-02-09 2023-06-23 建准电机工业股份有限公司 磁性件防锈转子及使用其的马达结构

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DE1856189U (de) * 1962-05-25 1962-08-09 Magnetfabrik Gewerkschaft Wind Rotormagnet fuer klein-generatoren.
US3858308A (en) * 1973-06-22 1975-01-07 Bendix Corp Process for making a rotor assembly
DE3513174A1 (de) * 1985-04-12 1986-10-16 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Dauermagneterregter laeufer fuer eine elektrische maschine
DE4111411B4 (de) * 1991-04-09 2006-09-14 Papst Licensing Gmbh & Co. Kg Rotor mit einem Schutzmantel
DE4111466A1 (de) * 1991-04-09 1992-10-15 Speck Pumpenfabrik Walter Spec Kreiselpumpe mit spaltrohrmotor
FR2685567B1 (fr) * 1991-12-20 1997-06-06 Valeo Systemes Dessuyage Rotor de machine magneto-dynamique presentant au moins une zone aimantee et machine magneto-dynamique, comme un moteur sans collecteur, ainsi equipee.
GB9211124D0 (en) * 1992-05-26 1992-07-08 Univ Cardiff Permanent magnet motor
US5345130A (en) * 1993-04-28 1994-09-06 General Electric Company Modable permanent magnet rotor for optimized field shaping
IT1280796B1 (it) * 1995-01-20 1998-02-11 Electro Parts Spa Magnete permanente, in particolare rotore per motori elettrici.
DE29804246U1 (de) * 1998-03-10 1998-05-28 Quick Rotan Elektromotoren Rotorelement
DE10036555A1 (de) * 2000-07-27 2002-02-07 Wilo Gmbh Korrosionsgeschützter Rotor für eine elektrische Maschine
US20020084710A1 (en) * 2000-12-28 2002-07-04 Andrew Worley Line start permanent magnet motor
DE10254967A1 (de) * 2002-11-26 2004-06-09 Danfoss Compressors Gmbh Läufer eines Elektromotors
DE10322463A1 (de) * 2003-05-16 2004-12-16 Ksb Aktiengesellschaft Spaltrohrmotorpumpe mit einem permanentmagnetisch erregten Synchronmotor
ITMI20032241A1 (it) * 2003-11-18 2005-05-19 Sisme Immobiliare S P A Rotore a magneti permanenti per motore elettrico di rapido assemblaggio e metodo per il suo ottenimento
JP2006086319A (ja) * 2004-09-16 2006-03-30 Mitsubishi Electric Corp リング型焼結磁石

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Title
See references of WO2007045319A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2007045319A1 (fr) 2007-04-26
CN101292409A (zh) 2008-10-22
DE102005050643A1 (de) 2007-04-26

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