EP1933636A1 - Enzymhaltige granulate für futtermittel - Google Patents

Enzymhaltige granulate für futtermittel

Info

Publication number
EP1933636A1
EP1933636A1 EP06793399A EP06793399A EP1933636A1 EP 1933636 A1 EP1933636 A1 EP 1933636A1 EP 06793399 A EP06793399 A EP 06793399A EP 06793399 A EP06793399 A EP 06793399A EP 1933636 A1 EP1933636 A1 EP 1933636A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
enzyme
weight
granules
feed
core
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP06793399A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Markus Lohscheidt
Roland Betz
Jörg Braun
Wolf Pelletier
Peter Ader
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BASF SE
Original Assignee
BASF SE
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BASF SE filed Critical BASF SE
Publication of EP1933636A1 publication Critical patent/EP1933636A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K40/25—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by extrusion
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/189—Enzymes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K40/20—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by moulding, e.g. making cakes or briquettes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K40/30—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by encapsulating; by coating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Y—ENZYMES
    • C12Y301/00—Hydrolases acting on ester bonds (3.1)
    • C12Y301/03—Phosphoric monoester hydrolases (3.1.3)
    • C12Y301/03026—4-Phytase (3.1.3.26), i.e. 6-phytase

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to novel enzyme-containing granules which are suitable as feed additives, and to a process for their preparation.
  • the invention also relates to the use of the enzyme-containing granules in feed compositions and more particularly to pelleted feed compositions obtainable using the enzyme-containing granules.
  • WO 92/12645 proposes an enzyme-containing granulate which contains 2 to 40% by weight of cellulose fibers (so-called T granules) with a coating which has a high content, preferably about 60 to 65% by weight. % of an inorganic filler, such as. As kaolin, magnesium silicate or calcium carbonate.
  • an inorganic filler such as. As kaolin, magnesium silicate or calcium carbonate.
  • a one-step application of the coating is not possible. Rather, in several steps alternately a high-melting fat or wax and the filler are applied to the T-granules.
  • the disadvantages of the approach proposed in this prior art for improving pelleting stability are evident. On the one hand, a very special carrier material is absolutely necessary; on the other hand, a complex multistage coating of the carrier material is necessary.
  • WO 2000/47060 describes enzyme-containing granules which are suitable as feed additives and which have a polyethylene glycol coating.
  • WO 01/00042 teaches a method for coating enzyme granules with polymers.
  • coating agents aqueous solutions of polyalkylene oxide polymers, of homopolymers and copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone, of polyvinyl alcohols and of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and aqueous dispersions of alkyl (meth) acrylate polymers and polyvinyl acetate dispersions are proposed.
  • WO 03/059086 in turn teaches a process for the preparation of enzyme granules having improved pelleting stability, in which an enzyme-containing raw granules are coated with an aqueous dispersion of a hydrophobic substance.
  • the coating can fundamentally improve the stability of the granules to a reduction in the enzyme activity, but the stabilities achieved are not completely satisfactory.
  • EP-A-0 257 996 it is proposed to stabilize enzymes for feed mixtures by pelleting them in admixture with a carrier having a major proportion of cereal flour.
  • WO 98/54980 describes enzyme-containing granules with improved pelleting stability, which are prepared by extrusion of an aqueous enzyme solution with an edible carbohydrate carrier and subsequent drying. A coating of the granules is not described. The stability of these granules is not satisfactory.
  • enzyme granules having improved enzyme stability should moreover be producible in a simple manner and at low cost.
  • enzyme granules having a hydrophobic coating have particularly good pelleting stability when the enzyme-containing core, which may still contain up to 15% by weight of water, contains not only an enzyme but also at least one solid carrier material suitable for animal feed Amount of at least 50 wt .-% and 0.1 to 20 wt .-% of at least one water-soluble, neutral cellulose derivative, each based on the total amount of non-aqueous constituents of the core contains.
  • the invention relates to an enzyme granules for feed, its particles
  • an enzyme-containing core having a water content below 15% by weight, preferably in the range from 1 to 12% by weight, in particular in the range from 3 to 10% by weight and especially in the range from 5 to 9% by weight , based on the weight of the enzyme-containing core, which i) 50 to 96.9 wt .-%, preferably 55 to 94.85 wt .-% and in particular 60 to 89.7 wt .-% of at least one suitable for animal feed solid support material, ii) 0.1 to 10 wt .-%, preferably 0.15 to 5 wt .-%, in particular 0.2 to 2 wt .-% and especially 0.3 to 1 wt .-%, at least one in water-soluble, neutral cellulose derivative, iii) 3 to 49.9 wt .-%, often 5 to 49.85 wt .-%, in particular 10 to
  • the enzyme granules according to the invention are distinguished by a particularly high stability, in particular a particularly high pelleting stability, and can be prepared in a simple manner, the loss of enzyme activity during the production being of the order of comparable processes or less. Accordingly, the present invention also relates to the production process described here and the use of the enzyme granules according to the invention in feed compositions, especially in pelleted feed compositions.
  • the granule particles of the enzyme granules according to the invention have an enzyme-containing core and at least one hydrophobic coating arranged on the surface of the core.
  • the granule particles may also have one or more, eg 1, 2 or 3 further coatings of other materials, wherein the coating of the hydrophobic material according to the invention is preferably arranged directly on the enzyme-containing core.
  • the particular stability of the enzyme granules according to the invention is based on a combination of the inventive composition of the enzyme core with the hydrophobic coating according to the invention.
  • the weight ratio of core to hydrophobic coating is generally in the range of 70:30 to 99: 1, preferably in the range of 75:25 to 98: 2, in particular in the range of 80:20 to 96: 4 and especially in the range of 85:15 to 95: 5.
  • the enzyme granules according to the invention advantageously have an average particle size (particle diameter) in the range from 100 to 2000 .mu.m, in particular in the range from 200 to 1500 .mu.m and especially in the range from 300 to 1000 .mu.m.
  • the geometry of the granules is usually cylindrical with a diameter to length ratio of about 1: 1, 3 to 1: 3 and optionally rounded ends.
  • the particle sizes of the coated enzyme granules according to the invention correspond to those of the uncoated cores, which are also referred to below as crude granules, i. the ratio of the average particle diameter of the granules according to the invention to the average particle diameter of the raw granules will generally not exceed a value of 1.1: 1 and, in particular, a value of 1.09: 1.
  • inert inorganic or organic carriers can be used as feed-compatible carrier materials.
  • An "inert" carrier must not show negative interactions with the enzyme (s) of the feed additive of the invention, such as e.g. B. cause irreversible inhibition of enzyme activity, and must be safe for use as an adjuvant in feed additives.
  • suitable support materials are: low molecular weight organic compounds fertilize and higher molecular weight organic compounds of natural or synthetic origin and inert inorganic salts. Preference is given to organic support materials. Of these, carbohydrates are particularly preferred.
  • suitable low molecular weight organic carriers are in particular sugars, such as. As glucose, fructose, sucrose.
  • suitable low molecular weight organic carriers are carbohydrate polymers, in particular those which ⁇ -D-glucopyranose, amylose or amylopectin units, in particular native and modified starches, microcrystalline cellulose but also ⁇ -glucans and ⁇ -glucans, pectin (including protopectin) and glycogen.
  • the carrier material comprises at least one water-insoluble polymeric carbohydrate, in particular a native starch material, in particular corn starch, rice starch, wheat starch, potato starch, starches from other vegetable sources such as starch from tapioca, cassava, sago, rye, oats, barley, sweet potato, arrowroot and like, continue to use cereal flours, such as. B. corn, wheat, rye, barley and oatmeal and rice flour.
  • cereal flours such as. B. corn, wheat, rye, barley and oatmeal and rice flour.
  • mixtures of the abovementioned carrier materials in particular mixtures which comprise predominantly, ie at least 50% by weight, based on the carrier material, one or more starch materials.
  • the water-insoluble carbohydrate constitutes at least 50% by weight, in particular at least 65% by weight and especially at least 80% by weight of the carrier material.
  • Particularly preferred carrier materials are starches which contain not more than 5% by weight and in particular not more than 2% by weight of protein or other constituents.
  • Another preferred carrier material is microcrystalline cellulose. This can be used alone or in a mixture with the abovementioned carrier materials. If the microcrystalline cellulose is used in a mixture with other carrier materials, it preferably makes no more than 50% by weight, in particular not more than 30% by weight, for example from 1 to 50% by weight, in particular from 1 to 30% by weight. % and especially 1 to 10 wt .-%, of the support material.
  • Suitable inorganic carrier materials are in principle all inorganic carrier materials known for feed and feed additives, for example inert inorganic salts, e.g. Sulfates or carbonates of alkali and alkaline earth metals such as sodium, magnesium, calcium and potassium sulfate or carbonate, further feed-compatible silicates such as talc and silicic acids.
  • inert inorganic salts e.g. Sulfates or carbonates of alkali and alkaline earth metals such as sodium, magnesium, calcium and potassium sulfate or carbonate
  • further feed-compatible silicates such as talc and silicic acids.
  • the amount of inorganic carrier material based on the total amount of carrier material, will generally not exceed 50% by weight, especially 35% by weight and very particularly 20% by weight.
  • the organic carrier materials make up the total amount or almost the total amount, i. at least 80 wt .-% of the support material.
  • the enzyme-containing core according to the invention contains at least one water-soluble, neutral cellulose derivative, in particular a cellulose ether.
  • This cellulose derivative acts as a binder and at the same time increases the pelleting stability in comparison to other known binders.
  • Preferred cellulose derivatives have a number average molecular weight in the range of 5x10 3 to 5 x10 5 Dalton, in particular in the range of 1x10 4 to 2x10 5 Daltons.
  • the cellulose derivatives are considered to be water-soluble if at least 3 g of cellulose derivative are completely soluble in 1 liter of water at 20 ° C.
  • Preferred cellulose derivatives are neutral cellulose ethers.
  • Examples of preferred water-soluble, neutral cellulose ethers according to the invention are methylcellulose, ethylcellulose and hydroxyalkylcelluloses, for example hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC), hydroxyethylmethylcellulose (HEMC), ethylhydroxyethylcellulose (EHEC), hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC), hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) and hydroxybutylcellulose.
  • HEC hydroxyethylcellulose
  • HEMC hydroxyethylmethylcellulose
  • EHEC ethylhydroxyethylcellulose
  • HPMC hydroxypropylmethylcellulose
  • methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose and mixed cellulose ethers having methyl groups or ethyl groups and hydroxyalkyl groups such as HEMC, EHEC and HPMC are particularly preferable.
  • Preferred methyl- or ethyl-substituted cellulose ethers have a degree of substitution DS (with respect to the alkyl groups) in the range from 0.8 to 2.2 and in the case of mixed cellulose ethers a degree of substitution DS with respect to the alkyl groups in the range from 0.5 to 2.0 and a degree of substitution HS with respect to the hydroxyalkyl groups in the range of 0.02 to 1.0.
  • the water-soluble cellulose derivative comprises at least 50% by weight, in particular at least 80% by weight, based in each case on the total amount of cellulose derivatives, of one of the abovementioned neutral cellulose ethers, in particular methylcellulose or ethylcellulose or mixed cellulose ethers Methyl groups or ethyl groups and hydroxyalkyl groups.
  • the material comprising the enzyme-containing core may also contain water-soluble polymers other than cellulose derivatives, for example water-soluble proteins, for example proteins of animal origin such as gelatin, casein, especially sodium caseinate and vegetable proteins such as soy protein, pea protein, bean protein, rape protein, sunflower protein, cottonseed protein, Potato protein, lupine, zein, wheat protein, corn protein and rice protein, synthetic polymers, such as polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol and in particular the Kollidon brands of Fa.
  • water-soluble polymers other than cellulose derivatives for example water-soluble proteins, for example proteins of animal origin such as gelatin, casein, especially sodium caseinate and vegetable proteins such as soy protein, pea protein, bean protein, rape protein, sunflower protein, cottonseed protein, Potato protein, lupine, zein, wheat protein, corn protein and rice protein, synthetic polymers, such as polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol and in particular the Kollidon brands of Fa.
  • BASF vinyl alcohol-vinyl ester copolymers, homo- and copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone with vinyl acetate and / or CrC 4- alkyl acrylates, optionally modified biopolymers, for example lignin, polylactide.
  • the proportion of water-soluble polymers is preferably not more than 50% by weight, in particular 20% by weight, based in each case on the total amount of cellulose derivative and water-soluble polymer, and if present preferably in the range from 0.1 to 8 Wt .-%, in particular 0.2 to 4% by weight and especially 0.3 to 2 wt .-%, based on the total amount of the enzyme nucleus forming, non-aqueous components and is therefore in these amounts also part of the enzyme-containing crude granules.
  • the enzyme core contains at least one enzyme, whereby mixtures of different enzymes can also be present.
  • Typical enzymes for feedstuffs are, for example, oxidoreductases, transferases, lyases, isomerases, ligases, lipases and hydrolases.
  • hydrolases, ie enzymes which cause hydrolytic cleavage of chemical cause binding bonds are esterases, glycosidases, keratinases, ether hydro- lases, proteases, amidases, aminidases, nitrilases and phosphatases.
  • Glycosidases (EC 3.2.1, also referred to as carbohydrases) include both endo- and exo-glycosidases which cleave both ⁇ - and ⁇ -glycosidic bonds. Typical examples thereof are amylases, maltases, cellulases, endo-xylanases, eg endo-1, 4- ⁇ -xylanase or xylan-endo-1,3- ⁇ -xylosidase, ⁇ -glucanases, in particular endo-1, 4- ⁇ and endo-1,3- ⁇ -glucanases, mannanases, lysozymes, galactosidases, pectinases, ⁇ -glucuronidases and the like.
  • the inventive method is particularly suitable for the preparation of pellet-stable enzyme granules, which are non-starch polysaccharide-cleaving enzymes such.
  • pellet-stable enzyme granules which are non-starch polysaccharide-cleaving enzymes such.
  • glucanases, and xylanases and in particular phosphatases (EC 3.1.3) and especially phytases (EC 3.1.3.8, 3.1.3.26 and 3.1.3.72) are selected.
  • the term "phytase” encompasses both natural phytase enzymes and any other enzyme which exhibits phytase activity, for example, capable of catalyzing a reaction by which phosphorus or phosphate is released from myo-inositol phosphates.
  • the phytase may be either a 3-phytase (EC 3.1.3.8) or a 4- or 6-phytase (EC 3.1.3.26) or a 5-phytase (EC 3.1.3.72) or a mixture act on it.
  • the phytase preferably belongs to the enzyme class EC 3.1.3.8.
  • the enzyme used in the process according to the invention in particular the phytase preferably used, is not subject to any restrictions and may be of microbiological origin as well as an enzyme obtained by genetic modification of a naturally occurring enzyme or by de novo construction.
  • the phytase may be a plant phytase, fungi, bacteria or a yeast-produced phytase.
  • a phytase from a fungus strain, in particular from an Aspergillus strain, eg Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus ficuum, Aspergillus awamori, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus nidulans or Aspergillus terreus.
  • an Aspergillus strain eg Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus ficuum, Aspergillus awamori, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus nidulans or Aspergillus terreus.
  • phytases derived from a strain of Aspergillus niger or a strain of Aspergillus oryzae.
  • the phytase is derived from a bacterial strain, especially a Bacillus strain, an E.
  • the phytase is derived from a yeast, in particular a Kluveromyces strain or a Saccharomyces strain, preference being given to phytases derived from a strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
  • the term "one of derived enzyme” includes the enzyme naturally produced by the respective strain, which is either obtained from the strain or which is encoded by a DNA sequence isolated from the strain and produced by a host organism transformed with this DNA sequence.
  • the phytase may be recovered from the respective microorganism by known techniques, which typically include the fermentation of the phytase producing microorganism in a suitable nutrient medium (see, for example, ATCC catalog) and subsequent recovery of the phytase from the fermentation medium by standard techniques.
  • suitable nutrient medium see, for example, ATCC catalog
  • Examples of phytases as well as processes for the preparation and isolation of phytases can be found in EP-A 420358, EP-A 684313, EP-A 897010, EP-A 897985, EP-A 10420358, WO 94/03072,
  • the amount of enzyme in the core naturally depends on the desired activity of the enzyme granules and the activity of the enzyme used and is typically in the range from 3 to 49.9% by weight, in particular in the range from 5 to 49.7% by weight % and especially in the range of 10 to 39% by weight, calculated as dry matter and based on the total weight of all non-aqueous constituents of the core material.
  • Phytase-containing enzyme granules preferably have a phytase activity in the range from 1 ⁇ 10 3 to 1 ⁇ 10 5 FTU, in particular 5 ⁇ 10 3 to 5 ⁇ 10 4 FTU, and especially 1 ⁇ 10 4 to 3 ⁇ 10 4 FTU.
  • 1 FTU phytase activity is defined as the amount of enzyme that liberates 1 micromole of inorganic phosphate per minute from 0.0051 mol / l aqueous sodium phytate at pH 5.5 and 37 ° C.
  • the determination of the phytase activity can be carried out, for example, according to "Determination of Phytase Activity in Feed by a Colorimetric Enzymatic Method": Collaborative Interlaboratory Study Engelen et al .: Journal of AOAC International Vol. 84, no. 3, 2001, or Simple and Rapid Determination of Phytase Activity, Engelen et al., Journal of AOAC International, Vol. 3, 1994 be performed.
  • Enzyme granules containing a plant cell wall degrading enzyme typically have an enzyme activity in the range of 300 to 500,000, preferably 1000 to 250,000, especially 1500 to 100,000, more preferably 2000 to 80,000 and especially 3000 to 70,000 EXU / g.
  • Enzyme granules containing a cellulase typically have an enzyme activity in the range of 100 to 150,000, preferably 500 to 100,000, especially 750 to 50,000, more preferably 1,000 to 10,000 and especially 1,500 to 8,000 BGU / g on.
  • Endo-xylanase activity is defined as the amount of enzyme that releases 1.00 micromoles of reducing sugars, measured as xylose equivalents, per minute at pH 3.5 and 40 ° C.
  • a beta-glucanase unit is defined as the amount of enzyme that releases 0.258 micromoles of reducing sugar, measured as glucose equivalents, per minute at pH 3.5 and 40 ° C.
  • Endo-xylanase activity (EXU) and ⁇ -glucanase activity (BGU) can be determined according to Engelen et al. Journal of AOAC International Vol. 5, 1019 (1996).
  • the core-forming material may additionally contain a salt stabilizing the enzyme.
  • the stabilizing salts are typically salts of divalent cations, in particular salts of calcium, magnesium or zinc, and salts of monovalent cations, in particular of sodium or potassium, for example the sulfates, carbonates, bicarbonates and phosphates including hydrogen phosphates and ammonium hydrogen phosphates of these metals.
  • Preferred salts are the sulfates. Particularly preferred are magnesium sulfate and zinc sulfate, including their hydrates.
  • the amount of salt is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 10 wt .-%, in particular in the range of 0.2 to 5 wt .-%, and especially in the range of 0.3 to 3 wt .-%, based on the total weight of all non-aqueous constituents of the core material.
  • the core may contain minor amounts of further ingredients which typically do not constitute more than 10% by weight, more preferably not more than 5% by weight of the core, based on its dry ingredients (ie, non-aqueous ingredients), for example, agents for adjusting the pH, such as buffers (phosphate buffer, potassium or sodium phosphate, their hydrates or dihydrates, sodium or potassium carbonate, acetate, propionate, tartrate, bicarbonate, phthalate, hydrogen phthalate, in particular the sodium, potassium or calcium salts of the aforementioned substances, including their hydrates or dihydrates), bases (sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, ammonium hydroxide, ammonia water) or acids (inorganic or organic acids, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, citric acid, acetic acid, Formic acid, propionic acid).
  • buffers phosphate buffer, potassium or sodium phosphate, their hydrates or dihydrates, sodium or potassium carbonate, acetate, propionate, tartrate, bicarbon
  • the particles of the enzyme granules according to the invention also have at least one hydrophobic coating arranged on the core of the particles.
  • the hydrophobic coating will preferably cover the surface of the cores at least 80% (average) and especially completely.
  • Suitable hydrophobic materials for the hydrophobic coating are both polymeric substances and oligomeric or low molecular weight substances.
  • the hydrophobic materials have a high hydrocarbon content, the proportion of carbon and hydrogen generally being at least 80 wt .-%, in particular at least 85 wt .-% of the hydrophobic material.
  • Such substances include substances which have a melting point above 30 ° C., preferably above 40 ° C., in particular above 45 ° C. and especially above 50 ° C., or in the case of non-melting substances at these temperatures, or a glass transition temperature above these temperatures.
  • the hydrophobic material is preferably low in acid and has an acid number below 80, in particular below 30 and especially below 10 (determined according to ISO 660).
  • suitable hydrophobic materials are polyolefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene and polybutenes; saturated fatty acids having preferably 10 to 32 C atoms, frequently 12 to 24 C atoms and in particular 16 to 22 C atoms;
  • Esters of saturated fatty acids preferably mono-, di- and triglycerides and esters of saturated fatty acids with fatty alcohols.
  • the fatty alcohols have, for example, 10 to 32 C atoms, in particular 16 to 24 C atoms, such as cetyl alcohol or stearyl alcohol.
  • the fatty acids or the fatty acid residues in the fatty acid esters preferably have 10 to 32 C atoms, frequently 12 to 24 C atoms and in particular 16 to 22 C atoms; polyamides; Waxes, in particular vegetable waxes and waxes of animal origin, but also montan waxes and montan ester waxes and microcrystalline waxes, e.g. Waxes based on saturated hydrocarbons (/ so-alkanes), alkyl-substituted cycloparaffins and alkyl-substituted or naphthen-substituted aromatics.
  • the material forming the coating comprises at least 70% by weight, especially at least 80% by weight, in particular at least 90% by weight, of at least one substance selected from saturated fatty acids, fatty acid esters and mixtures thereof, wherein fatty acid esters and in particular triglycerides are preferred.
  • Saturated means that the hydrophobic material is substantially free of unsaturated constituents and accordingly has an iodine value below 5 and in particular below 2 (method according to Wijs, DIN 53 241).
  • the coating consists of at least 70% by weight, in particular at least 80% by weight and especially at least 90% by weight, of the abovementioned triglycerides.
  • the coating composition predominantly, ie at least 70 wt .-%, in particular at least 80 wt .-% and especially over 90 wt .-% hydrogenated vegetable oils, especially triglycerides of vegetable origin, eg hydrogenated cottonseed, corn , Peanut, soybean, palm, palm kernel, babassu, rapeseed, sunflower and dyer thistle oils.
  • particularly preferred hydrogenated vegetable oils are hydrogenated palm oil, cottonseed oil and soybean oil.
  • the most preferred hydrogenated vegetable oil is hydrogenated soybean oil.
  • fats and waxes derived from plants and animals are suitable, for example bovine fat.
  • nature-identical fats and waxes ie synthetic waxes and fats with a composition that corresponds to the natural products predominantly.
  • Vegeol PR by the company Aarhus Olie, DK, e.g. Vegeol® PR 267, PR 272, PR 273, PR 274, PR 275, PR 276, PR 277, PR 278 and PR 279.
  • Waxes are, in particular, waxes of animal origin such as beeswax and wool wax, waxes of plant origin such as candelilla wax, carnauba wax, cane sugar wax, caranday wax, raffia wax, columbia wax, espartowax, alfalfa wax, bamboo wax, hemp wax, Douglas fir wax, cork wax, sisal wax, flax wax, cotton wax, dammar wax, Cereal wax, rice wax, octal wax, oleander wax, montan waxes, montan wax, polyethylene waxes, as well as the products sold by Wükonil, Südranol, Lubranil or Mikronil from Süd Weg Emulsions-Chemie, or the products bearing the trade name Poligen WE1, WE3, WE4 , WE6, WE7, WE8 BW, WE9 from BASF as coating material.
  • candelilla wax carnauba wax
  • cane sugar wax caranday wax
  • raffia wax columb
  • the enzyme granules according to the invention also contain one or more, e.g. 1, 2 or 3 may have further coatings consisting of other materials, e.g. the coatings taught in the prior art. It is essential to the invention that at least one coating consists of the hydrophobic materials, it being possible for this layer to be arranged as desired and, in particular, arranged directly on the enzyme-containing core.
  • the enzyme granules according to the invention can be prepared in analogy to known production processes for coated enzyme granules, e.g. in analogy to the procedures described in WO 01/00042, WO 03/059086 or PCT / EP 2005/000826.
  • the method comprises the following steps: a) Providing an uncoated, enzyme-containing raw granules, preferably having a water content below 15 wt .-%, often in the range of 1 to 12 wt .-%, in particular in the range of 3 to 10 Wt .-% and especially in the range of 5 to 9 wt .-%, based on the weight of the enzyme-containing crude granules, b) applying the hydrophobic coating on the particles of the raw granules.
  • the preparation of the raw granules can basically be done in any way.
  • a mixture comprising the feed-compatible carrier, at least one water-soluble, neutral cellulose derivative and at least one enzyme and optionally further constituents such as water, buffers, stabilizing metal salts, by extrusion, mixer granulation, fluidized bed granulation, plate agglomeration or compaction in per se process known manner to a raw granules.
  • the preparation of the raw granules in a first step comprises the extrusion of a hydrous dough comprising at least one water-soluble, neutral cellulose derivative and at least one enzyme and optionally other ingredients such as water, buffer, stabilizing metal salts in the amounts indicated above.
  • the carrier material usually constitutes from 50 to 96.9% by weight, preferably from 55 to 94.8% by weight and in particular from 60 to 89.7% by weight, of the nonaqueous constituents of the dough.
  • the at least one water-soluble, neutral cellulose derivative usually makes 0.1 to 10 wt .-%, preferably 0.15 to 5 wt .-%, in particular 0.2 to 2 wt .-% and especially 0.3 to 1 wt .-%, of the non-aqueous constituents of the dough.
  • the at least one enzyme usually makes 3 to 49.9 wt .-%, often 5 to 49.85 wt .-%, in particular 10 to 44.8 and especially 10 to 39.7 wt .-% of the non-aqueous constituents of Dough out.
  • the proportion of other constituents corresponds to the proportions stated above for the composition of the core.
  • the dough contains water in an amount which ensures sufficient homogenization of the constituents of the dough and a sufficient consistency (plasticization) of the dough for the extrusion.
  • the amount of water required for this purpose can be determined by a person skilled in the art of enzyme formulation in a manner known per se.
  • the water content in the dough is typically in the range of> 15 to 50 wt .-%, in particular in the range of 20 to 45 wt .-% and especially in the range of 25 to 40 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the dough.
  • the preparation of the dough is carried out in a conventional manner by mixing the constituents of the dough in a suitable mixing device, for example in a conventional mixer or kneader.
  • a suitable mixing device for example in a conventional mixer or kneader.
  • the solid or solids, for example the support material are mixed intensively with the liquid phase, for example water, an aqueous binder solution or an aqueous enzyme concentrate.
  • the carrier in general, one will bring the carrier as a solid in the mixer and with an aqueous Enzyme concentrate and with the water-soluble polymer, preferably in the form of a separate aqueous solution or dissolved in the aqueous enzyme concentrate, and optionally with the stabilizing salt, preferably in the form of a separate aqueous solution or suspension, in particular dissolved or suspended in the aqueous enzyme concentrate, mix.
  • additional water will be added to adjust the desired consistency of the dough.
  • a temperature of 60 ° C, in particular 40 ° C will not be exceeded. More preferably, the temperature of the dough during mixing is 10 to 30 ° C. If necessary, therefore, the mixing device will be cooled during dough preparation.
  • a pH in the range of 3.5 to 7, in particular in the range of 4 to 6 and especially in the range of 4.5 to 5.5 will be set.
  • the pH adjustment surprisingly also leads to a better stability of the enzyme granules, in particular if the enzyme is a hydrolase and especially a phosphatase.
  • the pH it is possible to use, for example, an acid or base or a buffer.
  • the pH adjusting agent may be added either to the dough as such or together with one of the aforementioned ingredients of the dough, preferably in the form of an aqueous solution.
  • the agent for adjusting the pH in a form dissolved in the enzyme concentrate is added. Accordingly, it is preferable to adjust the pH of the enzyme concentrate before mixing according to the above-mentioned ranges.
  • the means for adjusting the pH naturally depends on the pH, which is established by mixing the constituents. Since the enzyme concentrate often has a weakly acidic pH below 4, it is preferable to add a buffer or a base.
  • Suitable bases are, in addition to ammonia, ammonia water and ammonium hydroxide, alkali metal and alkaline earth metal hydroxides, citrates, acetates, formates, hydrogen formates, carbonates and bicarbonates, and amines and alkaline earth metal oxides, such as CaO and MgO.
  • inorganic buffering agents are alkali metal hydrogen phosphates, in particular sodium and potassium hydrogen phosphates, for example K 2 HPO 4 , KH 2 PO 4 and Na 2 HPO 4 .
  • the preferred means for adjusting the pH is ammonia or ammonia water or sulfuric acid.
  • Suitable buffers include mixtures of the abovementioned bases with organic acids such as acetic acid, formic acid, citric acid.
  • the dough thus obtained is then subjected to extrusion, preferably low pressure extrusion.
  • the extrusion, in particular the extrusion at low pressure is usually carried out in an apparatus in which the mass to be extruded (dough) is pressed through a die.
  • the hole diameter of the die determines the particle diameter and is generally in the range of 0.3 to 2 mm and in particular in the range of 0.4 to 1, 0 mm.
  • Suitable extruders are for. B.
  • Domextruder or basket extruder which are sold, inter alia, by companies such as Fitzpatrick or Bepex. With correct consistency of the mass to be granulated, this results in only a slight increase in temperature when passing through the die (up to about 20 ° C).
  • the extrusion preferably takes place under temperature control, ie the temperature of the dough should not exceed a temperature of 70 ° C., in particular 60 ° C., during the extrusion. In particular, the temperature of the dough during extrusion is in the range of 20 to 50 ° C.
  • the extruded dough strands leaving the extruder break up into short granular particles or, if appropriate, can be broken with the aid of suitable cutting devices.
  • the granule particles thus obtained typically have a homogeneous grain size, i. H. a narrow particle size distribution.
  • a raw granules having a comparatively high water content which is generally more than 15 wt .-%, for example in the range of 15 to 50 wt .-%, in particular in the range of 20 to 45 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the wet raw granules.
  • it is therefore formulated before coating in such a way that its water content is not more than 15 wt .-% and preferably in the range of 1 to 12 wt .-%, in particular in the range of 3 to 10 wt .-% and especially in the range of 5 to 9 wt .-% is.
  • the packaging usually comprises a drying step.
  • a drying step This is preferably carried out in a fluidized bed dryer.
  • a heated gas usually air or a nitrogen gas stream is passed from below through the product layer.
  • the amount of gas is usually adjusted so that the particles are fluidized and swirl.
  • the heat transfer gas / particles evaporates the water.
  • enzyme-containing raw granules are usually temperature labile, it will be important to ensure that the temperature of the raw granules does not rise too high, ie usually not above 80 0 C and preferably not above 70 0 C. In particular, the temperature of the granules during drying in the range of 30 to 70 ° C.
  • the drying temperature can be easily controlled by the temperature of the gas flow.
  • the temperature of the gas stream is typically in the range of 140 to 40 ° C and in particular in the range of 120 to 60 ° C. Drying can be continuous and discontinuous. After drying, the granules can be fractionated by means of a sieve (optional). Coarse and fine material can be ground and returned to the mixer for the production of the granulation mass.
  • spheronizers which essentially have a horizontally rotating disk on which the stringers are pressed against the wall by the centrifugal force.
  • the stringers break up at the predetermined by the extrusion process micro-notches, so that cylindrical particles with a diameter to length ratio of about 1: 1, 3 to 1: 3 arise. Due to the mechanical stress in the spheronizer, the initially cylindrical particles are slightly rounded.
  • the raw granules obtained after the preparation advantageously have an average particle size in the range from 100 to 2000 .mu.m, in particular in the range from 200 to 1500 .mu.m and especially in the range from 300 to 1000 .mu.m.
  • the mean particle size distribution can be determined in a manner known per se by light scattering, for example using a Mastersizer S from Malvern Instruments GmbH or by sieve analysis, for example using a screening machine of the type Vibro VS 10000 from Retsch.
  • the average particle size the skilled person understands the so-called D 50 value of the particle size distribution curve, ie the value which exceeds or falls below 50% by weight of all particles. Preference is given to crude granules having a narrow particle size distribution.
  • the amount of hydrophobic material is usually 1 to 35 wt .-%, preferably 4 to 30 wt .-%, in particular 5 to 25 wt .-% and especially 7 to 21 wt .-%, based on the used and dried raw granulate.
  • the application of the hydrophobic material can be carried out in a manner known per se by applying a solution, dispersion or suspension of the hydrophobic material in a suitable solvent, for example water, or by applying a melt of the hydrophobic material.
  • a suitable solvent for example water
  • the application of a melt is inventively preferred, because this can be dispensed sions or dispersing the subsequent removal of the solvent.
  • This means that the application of a melt the use of an expensive dryer / coater (eg a fluidized bed dryer) is not required, but the use of a mixer is possible.
  • Coating with a melt of the hydrophobic material is also referred to as melt-coating in the following.
  • Suitable methods for applying the coating include coating in a fluidized bed or in a fluidized bed, and coating in a mixer (continuous or batchwise), for example a granulating, a plowshare mixer, for example, the Fa. Lödige, a paddle mixer, for example, the company Forberg a Nauta mixer, a Granuliermischer, a granulating, a vacuum coater such as the Fa. Forberg or a high-shear granulator done.
  • a mixer continuously or batchwise
  • a granulating for example, the Fa. Lödige, a paddle mixer, for example, the company Forberg a Nauta mixer, a Granuliermischer, a granulating, a vacuum coater such as the Fa. Forberg or a high-shear granulator done.
  • the coating of the raw granulate i) takes place in a fluidized bed or in a fluidized bed, e.g. by spraying the raw granules with a melt, a solution or dispersion of the hydrophobic material; and ii) in one of the aforementioned mixing devices by introducing the raw granules into a melt of the hydrophobic material or by spraying or dousing the raw granules with a melt, a solution or dispersion of the hydrophobic material.
  • Coating by spraying the raw granules with a melt, a solution or dispersion in a fluidized bed or in a fluidized bed is particularly preferred according to the invention.
  • the spraying of the raw granules with a melt, a solution or dispersion of the hydrophobic material can in principle in the fluidized bed apparatus in the bottom spray method (nozzle sits in the distributor plate and sprays upwards) or in the top-spray method (coating is from above in the Fluidized bed sprayed) are performed.
  • the coating of the raw granules can be carried out continuously or discontinuously within the scope of the process according to the invention.
  • the raw granules are introduced into a fluidized bed, vortexed and coated by spraying an aqueous or non-aqueous, preferably aqueous dispersion of the hydrophobic material with this material.
  • a highly concentrated, still sprayable liquid such as. Example, a 10 to 50 wt .-% aqueous dispersion or nonaqueous solution or dispersion of the hydrophobic material.
  • the spraying of the solution or dispersion of the hydrophobic material is preferably carried out so as to submit the raw granules in a fluidized bed apparatus or a mixer and sprayed with simultaneous heating of the template, the sprayed.
  • the energy is supplied in the fluidized bed apparatus by contact with heated drying gas, often air.
  • a preheating of the solution or dispersion can then be useful if this sprayed with higherngersub- Stanzanteil can be sprayed.
  • solvent recovery is expedient and the use of nitrogen as a drying gas to avoid explosive gas mixtures is preferred.
  • the product temperature during the coating should be up to 60 ° C in the range of about 30 to 80 0 C and in particular in the range of 35 to 70 ° C and especially in the range of 40th
  • the coating can be carried out in the fluidized bed apparatus in principle by the bottom spray method (nozzle is located in the distributor plate and sprayed upward) or in the top spray method (coating is sprayed from above into the fluidized bed).
  • the solvent or the liquid of the dispersion must be removed. This can be done in a dryer.
  • the coating of the raw granules presented in a fluidized bed or mixer takes place by means of a melt of the hydrophobic material.
  • the melt coating in a fluidized bed is preferably carried out by initially charging the raw granules to be coated in the fluidized bed apparatus.
  • the hydrophobic material is melted in an external reservoir and pumped for example via a heatable line to the spray nozzle. A heating of the nozzle gas is appropriate.
  • Spray rate and inlet temperature of the melt are preferably adjusted so that the hydrophobic material still runs well on the surface of the granules and this covers evenly. Preheating of the granules before injection of the melt is possible.
  • the temperature will generally be chosen so that a loss of enzyme activity is largely avoided.
  • the product temperature should preferably be in the range of about 30 to 80 0 C and in particular in the range of 35 to 70 ° C and especially in the range of 40 to 60 ° C.
  • the melt coating can also be carried out in principle by the bottom spray method or by the top spray method.
  • melt-coating in a mixer can be done in two different ways. Either put the granules to be coated in a suitable mixer and spray or pour a melt of the hydrophobic material into the mixer. Another possibility is to mix the solid-form hydrophobic material with the product. By supplying energy via the container wall or via the mixing tools, the hydrophobic material is melted and thus coats the raw granules. Depending on requirements, some release agent may be added from time to time. Suitable release agents are, for example, silica, talc, stearates and tricalcium phosphate, or salts such as magnesium sulfate, sodium sulfate or calcium carbonate. The solutions, dispersions or melts used for the coating may optionally contain other additives, such as. As microcrystalline cellulose, talc and kaolin, or salts are added.
  • the enzyme cores used have mean particle sizes of at least 300 ⁇ m, preferably at least 350 ⁇ m, in particular at least 400 ⁇ m, e.g. In the range of
  • enzyme nuclei can be coated particularly well without agglomeration of the particles.
  • Typical flow aids are silicas, e.g. the Sipernat products from Degussa or the Tixosil products from Rhodia, talc, stearates and tricalcium phosphate or salts such as magnesium sulfate, sodium sulfate or calcium carbonate.
  • the flow aids are added based on the total weight of the product in an amount of 0.005 wt .-% to 5 wt .-% of the coated product. Preferred contents are from 0.1% by weight to 3% by weight and more preferably from 0.2% by weight to 1.5% by weight.
  • Another object of the invention relates to feed compositions, in particular pelleted feed compositions containing in addition to conventional ingredients at least one feed additive according to the above definition as an admixture.
  • the invention also relates to the use of a feed additive as defined above for the production of feed compositions, in particular of hydrothermally treated and especially of pelleted feed compositions.
  • the coated enzyme granules produced according to the invention are mixed with conventional animal feed (such as, for example, pig feed, piglet feed, sow feed, broiler feed and turkey feed).
  • the enzyme granulate content is chosen so that the enzyme content z. B. is in the range of 10 to 1000 ppm.
  • the feed is then removed with the aid of a suitable pellet press. pelleted.
  • the feed mixture is usually conditioned by steam injection and then pressed through a die. Depending on the die pellets of about 2 to 8 mm in diameter can be produced.
  • the highest process temperature occurs during conditioning or during pressing of the mixture through the matrix.
  • temperatures in the range of about 60 to 100 0 C can be achieved.
  • aqueous phytase concentrate having a dry matter content of about 25 to 35 wt .-%, a pH in the range of 3.7-3.9 and an activity of 26000 to 36000 FTU / g was dissolved at 4-10 ° C 1 wt .-% zinc sulfate hexahydrate, based on the concentrate.
  • the raw granules thus obtained had an activity of about 14200 FTU / g.
  • Granules had a maximum particle size of 1300 ⁇ m and an average particle size of 650 ⁇ m (sieve analysis).
  • the raw granules were placed in a laboratory vortex bed Aeromat type MP-1 from Niro-Aeromatic.
  • a plastic cone was used with a distributor plate diameter of 1 10 mm and a perforated bottom with 12% free area.
  • Be Schweizerungsmit- tel it was a commercially available triglyceride based on saturated C 6 / C 8 fatty acids (melting point 57-61 ° C, iodine value 0.35, saponification value 192).
  • the crude granules charged into the fluidized bed 700 g
  • 124 g of the triglyceride were melted in a beaker at 85 0 C and sprayed at 1 bar spray pressure with heated spray gas from 80 to 90 0 C by vacuum suction using a two-fluid nozzle (1 mm) in the bottom spray on the raw granules.
  • the spraying was the coating material and the intake to 80 to 90 0 C heated to obtain a fine spray, so that a uniform coating layer formed around the particles and completely enveloped them.
  • the amount of air was increased to 60 m 3 / h to maintain the fluidized bed height.
  • the spraying time was
  • Zinc sulfate (ZnSO 4 ) 0.4% by weight
  • Triglyceride 15.0% by weight
  • the raw granules (700 g) were vortexed at room temperature with a supply air volume of 35 m 3 / h.
  • the polyethylene dispersion was sprayed with a two-fluid nozzle (1, 2 mm) at a supply air temperature of 35 0 C, supply air of 45 m 3 / h, at 1, 5 bar by pumping with a peristaltic pump on the enzyme granules.
  • the product temperature during spraying was 30 to 50 0 C.
  • the dispersion was in the top Spray method sprayed onto the enzyme granules.
  • the water of the dispersion evaporated and the PE particles enveloped the granules and adhered to their surface (coating).
  • the supply air flow was gradually increased to 65 m 3 / h to maintain the turbulence.
  • the spraying time was 15 min.
  • the product was dried at 30 to 45 0 C product temperature for 30 min, the supply air was lowered to 55 m 3 / h, in order to minimize abrasion of the coating shell.
  • Polyvinyl alcohol 1.4% by weight of zinc sulfate (ZnSO 4 ): 0.5% by weight
  • Polyethylene 4.0% by weight
  • aqueous phytase concentrate having a dry matter content of about 25-35 wt .-%, a pH in the range of 3.7-3.9 and an activity of
  • the raw granules thus obtained had an activity of about 12700 FTU / g.
  • the granules had a maximum particle size of 1400 ⁇ m and a mean particle size of 662 ⁇ m (sieve analysis).
  • Methylcellulose 0.5% by weight
  • Zinc sulfate (ZnSO 4 ) 0.4% by weight
  • Triglyceride 15.0% by weight
  • Triglyceride 15.0% by weight
  • the crude granules were prepared analogously to Example 1, steps a) to c).
  • the raw granules had a phyatase activity of about 12,000 FTU / g.
  • the coating was carried out analogously to Comparative Example C2.
  • Methylcellulose 0.5% by weight
  • the feed used was a broiler feed with the following composition:
  • Vitamin / trace element premix 1 1, 00%
  • PE polyethylene
  • PVA polyvinyl alcohol
  • MC methylcellulose

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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EP06793399A 2005-09-12 2006-09-11 Enzymhaltige granulate für futtermittel Withdrawn EP1933636A1 (de)

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DE102005043325A DE102005043325A1 (de) 2005-09-12 2005-09-12 Enzymhaltige Granulate für Futtermittel
PCT/EP2006/066217 WO2007031482A1 (de) 2005-09-12 2006-09-11 Enzymhaltige granulate für futtermittel

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EP2143337A1 (de) * 2008-07-09 2010-01-13 Bayer MaterialScience AG Wachshaltige Lacke
AR095245A1 (es) * 2013-03-11 2015-09-30 Mos Holdings Inc Composición alimenticia granulada de fosfato que contiene enzimas
GB201411196D0 (en) * 2014-06-24 2014-08-06 Dupont Nutrition Biosci Aps Composition and use thereof
MX2017009118A (es) 2015-01-13 2018-02-01 Mauri Tech B V Material de eliminacion de polvo de las preparaciones de enzima granulares.
CN105995037A (zh) * 2016-05-25 2016-10-12 昆明诺本科技有限公司 一种具有高稳定性高活性的饲料用脂肪酶生产工艺
BR112020016068A2 (pt) * 2018-02-08 2020-12-08 Danisco Us Inc. Partículas cera termicamente resistente matriz para encapsulamento de enzima
CN109156635A (zh) * 2018-09-10 2019-01-08 遵义名城生物科技有限公司 一种畜禽饲料用酵素组合物及其用于制备酵素的方法

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GB918056A (en) * 1961-07-18 1963-02-13 Fermco Lab Inc Improvements in or relating to heat stabilised enzyme preparations
DK13491D0 (da) * 1991-01-25 1991-01-25 Novo Nordisk As Anvendelse af et enzymholdigt granulat og fremgangsmaade til fremstilling af et forderstof i tabletform
PL194079B1 (pl) * 1997-06-04 2007-04-30 Basf Ag Sposób wytwarzania granulatu zawierającego fitazęodpowiedniego do zastosowania w paszach dla zwierząt, granulat, sposób wytwarzania paszy dla zwierząt lub mieszanki wstępnej lub prekursora paszy dlazwierząt, kompozycja, sposób promowania wzrostu zwierząt i zastosowanie granulatu
DE19859385A1 (de) * 1998-12-22 2000-06-29 Basf Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung von enzymhaltigen Granulaten
BRPI0306918B1 (pt) * 2002-01-15 2016-01-26 Basf Ag processo para a preparação de um granulado contendo enzima adequado para uso em uma ração para animal, granulado contendo enzima, processo para a preparação de uma ração para animal ou de uma pré-mistura ou de um precursor para uma ração para animal, composição de ração, processo para a promoção do crescimento de um animal, e, uso de um granulado

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AR055426A1 (es) 2007-08-22
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RU2008113840A (ru) 2009-10-20
US20100068341A1 (en) 2010-03-18
TW200744472A (en) 2007-12-16
WO2007031482A1 (de) 2007-03-22
BRPI0615747A8 (pt) 2016-08-23

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