EP1930140A1 - Wood chopper with rotating cutters and method for chopping wood - Google Patents

Abstract

Crushing device (1) comprises rotating cutting blades (6) connected to units (12) for crushing wood pieces. Preferred Features: The crushing units have rotating ejecting wings (13). The ejecting wings are arranged on a rotating chopping plate (7) for rotating the cutting blades of the crushing device. A calibrating sieve for the crushed wood is arranged between the rotating cutting blades and the ejection site.

Description

The invention relates to a wood shredder with rotating cutting blades for crushing wood in pieces of wood and with rotating ejector blades for ejecting the pieces of wood. Moreover, the invention relates to a method for comminuting wood, in which the wood is fed to a wood crusher and crushed by this.

From the prior art, a variety of wood crushers are known, by means of which woods are shredded into wood chips. Here, wood shredders are sometimes also equipped with facilities that pre-shred very large pieces of wood, such as tree stumps or tree branches. In many known wood crushers, the wood is fed to the crusher via a mechanical feeder with catchment means. Often, this rotary feeder is followed by a rotating chopping disc with cutting blades arranged thereon. By means of rotation of the chopping disk, the wood, even with the aid of the rotating cutting blade, pressed against fixed counter blade and cut in particular by means of the cutting blade to a calibrated finished size. The wood cut in this way is then fed behind the chopping disk to an ejecting device which cuts the cut Throw wood or wood chips out of the wood shredder via an ejector. Often the ejection means comprise rotating ejector wings.

Due to the design, it happens that shorter pieces of wood, which are to be crushed by means of the chopping board and the cutting knives to wood chips, can no longer be sufficiently fixed by means of feed rollers of the collection, so that they are insufficiently crushed to short pieces of wood, at least not crushed to the desired finished size can be left, and long-fiber wood chips remain.

These long-fiber wood chips often cause problems in the post-processing or in the use of the comminuted wood, since they represent a non-calibrated finished measure, for example for a wood chip heating. Accordingly, they are useless and contaminate the wood chips cut to a desired finished size.

In order to prevent the present drawbacks of known wood shredders, it is an object of the present invention to further develop known wood shredders accordingly, so that wood chips cut properly to a finished size are not contaminated by wood chips with too long fibers.

The object of the invention is achieved by a wood shredder with rotating cutting blades for crushing wood in pieces of wood and with rotating ejection wings for ejecting the pieces of wood, wherein the rotating cutting blades are arranged downstream means for post-shredding the pieces of wood.

Advantageously, by means of the Nachzerkleinerungsmittel ensures that long-fiber wood chips, which could not be cut properly with the rotating cutting blade to a desired finished size, also cut as a finished measure wood chips and are available as calibrated wood chips.

It is understood that the Nachzerkleinerungsmittel can be variously realized on a wood crusher. However, a structurally advantageous embodiment provides that the means for crushing comprise the rotating Auswerfflügel. In the present case, it has been found that the rotary ejector blades usually present on a wood shredder, by means of which the shredded wood or wood chips are ejected from the wood shredder, can be used advantageously for recutting inadequately shredded wood chips.

It is furthermore advantageous if the means for shredding have more than one rotating ejection wing, preferably three rotating ejection wings. By several such ejector ejection wings is ensured that the shredded wood chips are continuously led out of the wood shredder. In addition, more than one rotating ejection wing are advantageous because more than one ejection wing reliable all long-fiber wood chips are crushed. With more than one ejector wing, this also happens faster than just an ejector wing.

A structurally particularly simple embodiment provides that the rotating cutting blades are arranged as Primärzerkleinerer and the rotating ejection wings as Sekundärzerkleinerer on a common drive shaft. This ensures that it is not necessary, in particular with regard to the secondary shredder, to provide further drive shafts as the always present main drive shaft for the chopping disk on the wood shredder.

In this connection, the object of the invention is also achieved by a method for comminuting wood, in which the wood is supplied to a wood shredder and comminuted by this, which is characterized thereby; that the wood is shredded to a finished size by means of a primary crusher and the wood comminuted to finished size is output as wood chips, and the wood, which has not been shredded to the finished size, is comminuted by a secondary shredder.

The process is particularly simple if the primary shredder and the secondary shredder rotate with a common drive means.

In addition, the object of the invention is accordingly independent of the other features of the invention of a wood crusher with a primary crusher and a secondary shredder, by means of which wood is crushed solved, in which the wood crusher is characterized in that the primary crusher and the secondary crusher on a common drive means are arranged.

In this context, it is advantageous if the primary shredder has a chopping disk with rotating cutting blades.

If the secondary shredder has rotating ejection wings, this wood shredder is furthermore advantageously simplified.

Structurally, it is also advantageous if the rotating ejection wings are arranged on a rotating chopping disc, by means of which preferably also rotate the cutting blade of the wood crusher.

By such a construction, a further component reduction or a component saving is achieved, so that the Nachzerkleinerungsmittel can be retrofitted with a structurally reasonable effort even on existing wood shredders, which in particular have such a chopping disk.

The ejection wings can be arranged almost anywhere on the chopping disc. In order to bring out the shredded wood chips particularly advantageous from the wood shredder, it is advantageous if the ejector blades rotating with the chopping disk are arranged at an angle not equal to 90 degrees to the chopping disk in relation to a chopping disk plane in which the chopping disk rotates.

Depending on the conditions of use, however, it is also possible to allow deviations here, both in the direction of 120 degrees and in the direction of 70 degrees.

In order to recognize which shreds shredded by means of the rotating cutting blades do not yet have the required or desired finished dimension, it is advantageous if the means for post-shredding comprise a preferably stationary calibration sieve. It should be understood that in the present calibration screen, the number, location, and / or geometric dimensions of the intended calibration holes may be selected differently. This makes it particularly easy to determine the calibratable size of the wood chips.

In terms of process technology, it is therefore advantageous if the comminuted wood is fed to a calibration screen before it is output as wood chips.

By means of the calibration sieve a device is structurally particularly simply provided by means of which shredded wood chips can be controlled to a desired finished size.

In this connection, it is advantageous if the comminuted wood, which is retained by means of the calibration sieve, is post-shredded.

It is also possible not to store the calibration sieve stationary within the wood shredder. In the present case, however, it has proved to be advantageous in practice if the post-shredding means comprise such a stationary sieve.

In order for the wood chips shredded by means of the rotating cutting blades to be checked for their correct production dimension before being ejected from the wood shredder, it is advantageous if the sieve is arranged between the rotating cutting blades and an ejection for shredded wood.

It is understood that such a calibration screen may be located at almost any location between the rotary cutting knives and the ejector of the wood crusher. A preferred installation location provides that the calibration screen is arranged on a tunnel wall, by means of which the chopped wood in the wood shredder continues to slide.

In order to shred incompletely shredded wood by means of the rotating ejection wings directly in the region of the calibration, it is advantageous if the rotating ejection wings are arranged at least partially within the calibration sieve. The wood chips shredded by means of the chopping disc are transported into the interior of the calibration sieve and permanently thrown against the calibration sieve by means of the ejection-blade regions located within the calibration sieve until the wood chips are reground in such a way that they can pass the calibration sieve.

In order to be able to lead wood chips cut to a correct finished dimension from the wood shredder into the environment by means of the rotating ejection wings, it is advantageous for the rotating ejection wings to be arranged at least partially outside the screen.

A structurally simple construction is when the rotating ejection wings are formed radially straight.

Another embodiment provides that the rotating ejection wings are formed radially curved. The curved ejection wings have a blade-like shape, which can act on the herauszuschleudernden wood chips longer acceleration forces.

Depending on the desired requirements, the ejection wings can be designed to be concave or convexly curved in the direction of rotation.

In order to be able to arrange the rotating ejection wings simultaneously within the calibration sieve and outside the calibration sieve, it is advantageous if the rotating ejection wings have a two-part rotation leg.

Accordingly, it is advantageous if a first part of the two-part rotary leg is arranged as a cutting leg within the Kalibrierungssiebes and another part of the two-part rotary leg as a discharge leg outside the Kalibrierungssiebes.

In the present case, that part of the rotary leg is described with the cutting leg, by means of which a subsequent comminution, in particular of long-fiber wood chips, is made in the foreground. At the same time, the cutting leg hurls both the shredded wood chips and the shredded wood chips against the calibration sieve until the wood chips fit through the holes of the calibration sieve.

The term "ejector legs" that part of the rotary leg is described, which serves primarily to spin calibrated wood chips from the wood crusher. It is understood that Here, wood chips can be further crushed. However, this is not the main task of the ejector leg.

Since the first part of the two-part rotary leg, which is arranged as a cutting leg within the Kalibrierungssiebes, the already shredded wood chips, which can not pass the Kalibrierungssieb further crushed to a finished size, it is advantageous if the first part of the split rotary leg a cutting edge having.

The term "inside" of the calibration sieve is understood to mean that location in the region of the calibration sieve which faces the axis of rotation.

Furthermore, it is advantageous if the first part of the two-part rotary leg and the second part of the two-part rotary leg are arranged radially one behind the other.

It is also advantageous if the first part of the two-part rotary leg and the second part of the two-part rotary leg are radially offset, angular or skewed to each other.

Other objects, advantages and features of the present invention will be explained with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which an example of a wood crusher with a primary crusher and a secondary shredder and its components or component groups are shown.

Figur 1

schematisch eine Seitenansicht eines Holzzerkleinerers mit rotierenden Schneidmessern und Auswurfflügeln als Nachzerkleinerer,

Figur 2

schematisch eine axiale Aufsicht des Nachzerkleinerers,

Figur 3

schematisch eine geschnittene Seitenansicht des Nachzerkleinerers mit rotierenden Auswurfflügeln innerhalb und außerhalb eines Kalibrierungssiebes,

Figur 4

schematisch eine teilweise geschnittene Ansicht des Nachzerkleinerers mit einer Aufsicht auf das Kalibrierungssieb,

Figur 5

schematisch eine Ansicht eines Befestigungsschenkels des Auswurfflügels und

Figur 6

schematisch eine Ansicht auf einen zweigeteilten Rotationsschenkel des Auswurfflügels.

It shows

FIG. 1

1 is a schematic side view of a wood shredder with rotating cutting blades and ejection blades as a secondary shredder,

FIG. 2

schematically an axial view of the post-shredder,

FIG. 3

1 is a schematic side view of the post-shredder with rotating ejector blades inside and outside a calibration screen;

FIG. 4

2 is a schematic view, partly in section, of the post-shredder with a view of the calibration sieve;

FIG. 5

schematically a view of a mounting leg of the ejection wing and

FIG. 6

schematically a view of a two-part rotary leg of the ejection blade.

The Indian FIG. 1 schematically represented wood shredder 1 has a wood feeder 2 with a first feed roller 3 and a second feed roller 4, a crushing mechanism 5 with cutting means 6, with a chopping disk 7 and with a counter-blade 8 and an ejector 9.

The cutting means 6 and the counter-blade 8 are arranged in a woodwind 2 facing cutting area 10 and the wood collection 2 immediately downstream. In the cutting area 10, the cutting means 6 are provided on the chopping disk 7.

In an ejection region 11 facing away from the wooden intake 2 there is a secondary shredding mechanism 12 with rotating ejection blades 13 (numbered here only by way of example), which are likewise fastened to the chopping disk 7.

The Nachzerkleinerungsmechanik 12 also includes a Kalibrationssieb 14, which is arranged on a tunnel wall 15. The tunnel wall 15 is a guide for crushed wood and part of a housing 16 of the wood crusher. 1

The ejection wings 13 essentially consist of a fastening leg 17 and a two-part rotary leg 18 with a cutting leg 19 as a radially inner rotary leg part and a discharge leg 20 as a radially outer rotary leg part. The cutting leg 19 is located within a Hauptnachzerkleinerungsbereiches 21, which is limited in particular radially from the Kalibrationssieb 14.

The cutting leg 19 has a geometrically shaped cutting edge 22 in order to be able to carry out a subsequent comminution effectively.

In the present case, both the cutting means 6 and the ejection blades 13 are attached to the chopping disk 7 and run with the chopping disk 7. The chopping disk 7 is driven by a drive shaft 23 which rotated in the direction of rotation 24. Accordingly, the chopping disc 7 runs in a hack slice plane 7A according to the direction of rotation 24.

In operation, the wood shredder 1 according to arrow direction 25 wood pieces 26 are supplied, which are to be crushed to a finished size. The wood thus supplied is crushed by means of the chopping disc 7 and its cutting means 6 and the counter-blade 8 to wood chips 27. Wood chips 27, which have the desired finished dimension, pass the calibration sieve 14 without difficulty and pass via the tunnel wall 15 and the connection point 28 to the ejection 9, by means of which the finished wood chips 27 are removed from the area of the comminuting mechanisms 5 and 12. The tunnel wall 15 is in a connection region 29 (see FIG. 2 ), in which the connection point 28 is open.

Wood chips 27, which exceed the intended finished measure, are retained by the calibration screen 14 in the Hauptnachzerkleinerungsbereich 21 and are there shredded by means of the cutting legs 19 of the ejection blade 13 until they have reached the intended finished size and the calibration screen 14 can also pass easily. In order that the wood chips 27 passing through the calibration screen 14 are continuously transported away from the ejection region 11, the wood chips 27 are thrown in the direction of the ejection 9 by means of the ejection arms 20.

In the presentation after the FIG. 2 the paper plane forms the hack plane 7A, so that in the present case, the cutting area 10 in or below the plane of the paper and the ejection region 11 above the plane of the paper, and the example here figured cutting means 6 behind the chopping disk 7 and the ejection blades 13 are arranged in front of the chopping disk 7.

The chopping disc 7, the cutting means 6 arranged thereon and the ejection wings 13 rotate with the drive shaft 23 in the counterclockwise direction according to the direction of rotation 24.

The in the FIGS. 3 and 4 Crushing mechanism 5 shown in detail and the post-shredding mechanism 12 are already known from the above FIGS. 1 and 2 known. Except for the counter-blade 8 and the Kalibrationssieb 14 all components of the crushing mechanism 5 and Nachzerkleinerungsmechanik 12, as described above, with the drive shaft 23 to run around. For this purpose, the chopping disc 7 is fixed by means of a shaft-hub connection 30 on the drive shaft 23.

The ejection wings 13 are fastened on the opposite side in the ejection region 11 on the chopping disk 7. The ejection wings 13 are present in the cutting leg 19, which is located within the Kalibrierungssiebes 14, respectively. The ejector legs 20 of the ejection wings 13 are arranged outside the Kalibrierungssiebes 14. The calibration sieve 14 is completely open towards the chopping disc 7, as is well illustrated in FIG FIG. 3 can recognize.

In particular, in its radial sieve region 31, the calibration sieve 14 has a plurality of calibration holes 32, through which wood chips 27 comminuted to finished size can pass. Woodchips that do not fit through these calibration holes 32 are retained in the main post-crushing section 21 and reground there by means of the cutting legs 19, in particular with their geometrically shaped cutters 22, until they pass through the calibration holes 32 and the ejector 9 (see FIG FIG. 1 ) can be supplied.

The shredded by means of crushing mechanism 5, in particular the cutting means 6 and the counter-blade 8, wood chips arrive immediately after crushing by corresponding Hackscheibenöffnungen 7B (for the sake of clarity, only in the FIGS. 3 and 4 numbered) from the cutting area 10 into the ejection area 11.

The in the FIGS. 5 and 6 Ejector blade 13 shown in detail rotates with the drive shaft 23. The ejection wing 13 has a mounting leg 17 as a one-piece rotary leg, the mounting holes 33 (numbered here only by way of example) comprises. About the mounting holes 33 and with suitable screw means (not explicitly shown here), the entire ejection blade 13 is screwed to the chopping disk 7 (see previous figures).

The cutting leg 19 is provided in an intermediate region 34 with geometrically shaped cutting edges 22. By means of these cutting 22 can not shred sufficiently shredded wood chips particularly advantageous on.

At a right angle 35 to the mounting leg 17 of the two-part rotary leg 18 is arranged, which is divided in this case into a cutting leg 19 and into a discharge leg 20.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Holzzerkleinerer

2

wood feed

3

first feed roller

4

second feed roller

5

crushing mechanics

6

cutting means

7

chipper disc

7A

Hack disk plane

7B

Hack wheel openings

8th

against cutting

9

ejection

10

cutting area

11

ejection area

12

Nachzerkleinerungsmechanik

13

ejection blades

14

Kalibrierungssieb

15

tunnel wall

16

casing

17

fastening leg

18

two-piece rotary leg

19

cutting leg

20

eject leg

21

Hauptnachzerkleinerungsbereich

22

geometrically shaped cutting edge

23

drive shaft

24

direction of rotation

25

feed

26

pieces of wood

27

wood chips

28

junction

29

terminal area

30

Shaft-hub-connection

31

Radial screen area

32

calibration holes

33

mounting hole

34

intermediate area

35

angle

Claims (22)

Wood shredder with rotating cutting blades for crushing wood in pieces of wood and with rotating ejection wings for ejecting the pieces of wood, characterized in that the rotary cutting blades are arranged downstream means for recutting the pieces of wood. Wood crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for post-shredding (12) comprise the rotating ejection wings (13). Wood crusher according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the means for post-shredding (12) more than a rotating ejection wing (13), preferably three rotating ejection wings (13). Wood crusher according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the rotating cutting blades (6) are arranged as a primary shredder and the rotating ejection blades (13) as a secondary shredder on a common drive shaft (23). Wood shredder according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the rotating ejection wings (13) are arranged on a rotating chopping disk (7), by means of which preferably also rotate the cutting blades (6) of the wood shredder (1). Wood crusher according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that with a chopping disc (7) rotating ejection wing (13) opposite a hack plane (7A), in which the chopping disk (7) rotates at an angle (35) not equal to 90 degrees are arranged on the chopping disk (7). Wood crusher according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the means for post-shredding (12) comprise a preferably stationary Kalibrierungssieb (14). Wood crusher according to claim 7, characterized in that the calibration sieve (14) is arranged between the rotating cutting blades (6) and an ejection (9) for shredded wood (27). Wood crusher according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the Kalibrierungssieb (14) on a tunnel wall (15) is arranged, by means of which the comminuted wood in the wood crusher (1) is passed. Wood crusher (1) according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the rotating ejection wings (13) are at least partially disposed within the Kalibrierungssiebes (14). Wood crusher according to one of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that the rotating ejection wings (13) are arranged at least partially outside the Kalibrierungssiebes (14). Wood crusher according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the rotating ejection wings (13) are formed radially straight. Wood crusher according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the rotating ejection wings (13) are formed radially curved. Wood crusher according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the rotating ejection wings (13) have a two-part rotary leg (18). Wood crusher according to claim 14, characterized in that a first part (19) of the split rotary leg (18) as a cutting leg within the Kalibrierungssiebes (14) and another part (20) of the two-part rotary leg (18) of the Kalibrierungssiebes (14) as a discharge limb outside the Kalibrierungssiebes (14) is arranged. Wood crusher according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that the first part (19) of the split rotary leg (18) has a cutting edge (22). Wood crusher according to one of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that the first part (19) of the two-part rotary leg (18) and the second part (20) of the two-part rotary leg (18) are arranged radially one behind the other. Wood crusher according to one of claims 14 to 17, characterized in that the first part (19) of the two-part cutting limb (18) and the second part (20) of the two-divided cutting limb (18) are radially offset, angular or skewed to each other. Method for comminuting wood, in which the wood is supplied to a wood crusher and comminuted by this, characterized in that the wood is comminuted by a primary crusher to a finished size and the comminuted to finished size wood is output as wood chips, and not to the finished size shredded wood is shredded by a secondary shredder. A method according to claim 19, characterized in that the primary shredder and the secondary shredder rotate with a common drive means (23). A method according to claim 19 or 20, characterized in that the shredded wood is fed to a calibration screen (14) before it is output as wood chips (27). A method according to claim 19 to 21, characterized in that the comminuted wood, which is retained by the Kalibrierungssiebes (14) is shredded.

Images