EP2564930B1 - Shredder - Google Patents

Abstract

The cutter has a housing (3), and a chip chamber (4) arranged in the housing. A comminution tool is arranged in the chamber in a rotatable manner around a rotating axis. A supply opening for cutting goods is formed at circumference of the tool. The tool has a cutter disk (10), and a cutter (11) is fixed at the disk, where the cutter has an edge (16). Distance of the edge to the disk and distance of the edge to circumference of the disk increase continuously from a leading end of the edge to a subsequent end (22) of the edge, where the cutter is formed as a spirally curved plate.

Description

DE3528507 discloses a chopper according to the preamble of claim 1.

From the DE 44 27 700 A1 a shredder is known, which has as a crushing tool on a knife blade spirally arranged knife. The supply of shredded material takes place from above in the direction of the axis of rotation.

From the DE 44 06 675 A1 a shredder is known, the shredding tool consists of a plurality of juxtaposed blade discs having cutting at its periphery. The cutting edges are approximately wedge-shaped. The axis of rotation of the crushing tool is arranged horizontally, and the supply of clippings takes place from above, ie in the radial direction to the axis of rotation.

The invention has for its object to provide a shredder, which has a good self-closing of the cuttings and low noise.

This object is achieved by a shredder with the features of claim 1.

In contrast to known comminution tools, in the comminution tool according to the invention, the cut material fed over the circumference of the comminution tool is cut off. The from the leading to the trailing end, so in particular from the leading edge to the trailing edge magnifying knife performs a pulling cut through the clippings. Due to the fact that the distance between the knife and the circumference of the knife disc increases, a self-closing of the Cuttings reached. The clippings are pulled by the knife in engagement with the axis of rotation of the cutting disc, so that the operator does not have to feed the clippings.

The proposed design of the shredder, a very good degree of comminution and a large throughput are achieved in addition to the very good self-feeder. Since the clippings are not smashed, but cut with a pulling cut, the shredder works essentially without recoil. As a result, the noise, which is due to the hitting of the cuttings in the feeder, is significantly reduced in known choppers. In the pulling cut the clippings are better broken. This results in the composting due to the larger surface of the clippings faster decomposition takes place.

Particularly good cutting results are achieved when the central axis of the feed device in the direction of the axis of rotation, ie in the projection on a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation cutting plane, with the radial direction to the axis of rotation forms an angle of less than 45 °, in particular less than 30 ° , To be particularly advantageous, a position of the center axis of the feed has been found to be radial to the axis of rotation. In the plane containing the axis of rotation, the position of the feed direction can be freely selected within wide limits, as long as the supply takes place over the circumference of the cutter disk.

The knife is advantageously designed as a perpendicular to the cutting disc aligned, spirally curved plate. The design as a curved plate results in a uniform, comparatively small thickness of the knife. As a result, a good crushing can be achieved. The cutting edge is advantageously formed on the axial, the cutter disk facing away from the front side of the blade. In plan view of the knife disk, the knife has an approximately sickle-shaped shape.

Advantageously, the leading end of the cutting edge is arranged adjacent to the circumference of the cutting disc. As a result, the leading end of the cutting edge comes into engagement the clippings as soon as it is fed into the area of the crushing tool. The trailing end of the cutting edge advantageously has a distance to the circumference of the knife disk which amounts to approximately 10% to approximately 35%, in particular approximately 20% to approximately 30%, of the diameter of the knife disk. This achieves a good self-closing of the cuttings. In order to avoid clogging of the shredding tool with separated clippings, it is provided that the shredder has a scraper arranged in the housing of the shredder stationary. The scraper is arranged in particular within a circle described during the rotation of the cutting disc from the trailing end of the cutting edge. The rotating blades can rotate past the wiper unhindered, while in the region of the trailing end of the cutting edge of the knife arranged clippings is stripped from the scraper. In particular, the knife disc is driven by a drive shaft which extends through the space encircled by the knife during the rotation of the comminution tool. The knives and the drive shaft thus project away from the cutter disc in the same direction. Advantageously, the scraper extends over more than 50%, in particular over more than 80% of the distance measured in the radial direction to the axis of rotation between the circle described by the trailing end of the cutting edge and the drive shaft. Advantageously, the scraper extends within the scope of possible manufacturing tolerances over the approximately entire distance between the drive shaft and the circle described by the trailing end of the cutting edge. The scraper must not touch the drive shaft or the blade. The scraper ensures that no clippings between the blade and drive shaft can attach.

Advantageously, an axial counter-holder is arranged at the feed opening, on which the clippings are supported during the cutting process in the axial direction of the axis of rotation. In particular, a radial counter-holder is arranged at the feed opening, on which the cut material is supported during the cutting process in the circumferential direction to the cutting disc. The clippings are therefore advantageous both in the axial direction and in the circumferential direction held on corresponding counter-holders and is pressed by the cutting edge against the counter-holder, so that a good crushing is achieved. On the radial counter-holder in particular an edge is formed, which serves as a counter-cutting edge to the cutting edge of the cutter disk arranged knife acts. As a result, the crushing result can be further improved. Advantageously, the contour of the radial counter-holder corresponds approximately to the contour of the rotating blade of the knife. It is provided that the radial counter-holder on the side facing away from the cutter disk to the axis of rotation has a distance which is smaller than half the diameter of the cutter disk. The radial counterholder thus protrudes into the area of the knife disc. The distance is in particular less than 40% of the diameter of the knife disc. Advantageously, the distance is matched to the distance of the cutting edge at this height to the circumference of the cutting disc.

The self-closing can be improved if several knives are arranged on the cutter disc. This also a good crushing is achieved. Good comminution results in particular with a small distance between the knives and a small thickness of the knives. Particularly advantageous, the arrangement of four knives has been found. By arranging four knives on the knife disc a good self-closing is achieved. At the same time there is sufficient space between the knives, so that a setting of the clippings can be largely avoided. To ensure that the clippings can not be pushed too far, it is provided that the blades overlap in the radial direction to the axis of rotation. Before the cut material is completely severed by a knife, due to the overlapping of the knives in the radial direction to the rotation axis, the following knife is already in engagement with the cut material. Due to the fact that the blades extend inwards in the direction of rotation, ie the distance between the cutting edge and the periphery increases, the trailing blade engages the cut material at a greater distance from the axis of rotation and pulls the cut material inwards, ie in the direction of the axis of rotation.

Advantageously, the chopper has a drive motor which drives the comminution tool. It has been shown that comparatively low rotational speeds are sufficient for the intended crushing tool, which are well below the rotational speeds of known cutting discs with axial feed. Advantageously, the crushing tool is driven in rotation by the drive motor via a reduction gear, which is the Reduced speed accordingly. To be particularly advantageous has been found when the crushing tool is driven at a speed of about 10 revolutions per minute (RPM) to about 200 U / min, in particular from about 25 U / min to about 100 U / min.

It may be advantageous to chop the clippings in a further crushing cut. For this purpose, it is provided that the chopper has a chopping chamber into which the cut material comminuted by the comminution tool enters and in which a chopping tool driven in rotation is arranged. The chopping tool for post-shredding is in particular a chopping tool, in which the supply of clippings takes place in the axial direction to the axis of rotation. The drive of the chopping tool is advantageously also via the drive motor. For comminution, however, a comminution tool may also be provided, in which the supply of cut material takes place in the radial direction to the axis of rotation or at an angle to the axis of rotation.

Fig. 1

eine schematische Seitenansicht eines Häckslers,

Fig. 2

eine perspektivische Darstellung des Gehäuses des Häckslers im Bereich der Zuführöffnung,

Fig. 3

eine perspektivische Ansicht ins Innere des Gehäuses im Bereich des Zerkleinerungswerkzeugs,

Fig. 4

eine perspektivische Darstellung des Zerkleinerungswerkzeugs und der Gegenhalter am Gehäuse,

Fig. 5

eine perspektivische Ansicht ins Innere des Gehäuses auf das Zerkleinerungswerkzeug,

Fig. 6

eine perspektivische Darstellung des Zerkleinerungswerkzeugs mit dem Abstreifer,

Fig. 7 bis 9

perspektivische Darstellungen des Zerkleinerungswerkzeugs mit einem Gegenhalter,

Fig. 10

eine Ansicht des Zerkleinerungswerkzeugs mit Gegenhalter,

Fig. 11

eine schematische Darstellung eines Ausführungsbeispiels des Häckslers,

Fig. 12

eine schematische Ansicht auf ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines Zerkleinerungswerkzeugs.

Embodiments of the invention are explained below with reference to the drawing. Show it:

Fig. 1

a schematic side view of a chopper,

Fig. 2

a perspective view of the housing of the chopper in the region of the feed opening,

Fig. 3

a perspective view into the interior of the housing in the area of the crushing tool,

Fig. 4

a perspective view of the crushing tool and the counter-holder on the housing,

Fig. 5

a perspective view into the interior of the housing on the crushing tool,

Fig. 6

a perspective view of the crushing tool with the scraper,

Fig. 7 to 9

perspective views of the crushing tool with a counterholder,

Fig. 10

a view of the crushing tool with counter holder,

Fig. 11

a schematic representation of an embodiment of the chopper,

Fig. 12

a schematic view of an embodiment of a crushing tool.

Fig. 1 schematically shows the structure of a chopper 1. The chopper 1 has a generally designated 3 housing in which a chip chamber 4 is formed. In the chip chamber 4, a crushing tool 30 is arranged, which is driven to rotate about a rotation axis 12. The axis of rotation 12 is arranged vertically in the embodiment. On the housing 3 opens at the periphery of the chip chamber 4 Zuführgosse 2, which serves as a feed for clippings. The Zuführgosse 2 opens with a feed opening 15 in the chip chamber 4. The Zuführgosse 2 has a central axis 29, which indicates the geometric center of Zuführgosse 2. The geometric center is the connecting line of the centroids of sectional planes through the Zuführgosse 2 perpendicular to a feed direction 13. In the feed 13, the clippings are fed in normal operation. In the exemplary embodiment, the central axis 29 is perpendicular in a plane containing the axis of rotation 12 of the comminution tool 30, that is to say radially to the axis of rotation 12. However, other feed directions may also be provided. For this purpose, a central axis 29 ', which denotes a feed from below, and a central axis 29 "of a feed trough 2, not shown, which characterizes a feed obliquely from above, are shown schematically.

The comminution tool 30 arranged in the chip chamber 4 has a cutter disk 10, to which several, namely four, blades 11 are fixed in the exemplary embodiment. In the exemplary embodiment, the cutter disk 10 is arranged at the top, and the blades 11 protrude downwards. The knife disk 10 is driven in rotation by a drive shaft 9 about a rotation axis 12. The drive shaft 9 protrudes from below on the cutter disk 10 and penetrates the space circled by the knives 11 during the rotation of the comminution tool 30. Both the drive shaft 9 and the knives 11 thus protrude to the same side of the cutter disk 12, namely in the illustration in Fig. 1 downward. However, it can also be provided that the blades 11 and the drive shaft 9 protrude in opposite directions from the cutter disk 10.

The drive shaft 9 is driven in rotation by a drive motor 7 and a reduction gear 8. In this case, a comparatively low speed of the crushing tool 30 is advantageous. It has been found that good comminution results at a speed of about 10 rpm to about 200 rpm, in particular from about 25 rpm to about 100 rpm, are advantageous. Particularly advantageous is a speed of about 40 U / min to about 50 U / min considered.

On the housing 3, a discharge chute 5 is arranged, can escape over the shredded shredded material. The chopper 1 stands on feet 6 on the ground. In addition, wheels are advantageously provided with which the chopper can be pushed over the ground.

The drive shaft 9 is on the housing 3 with the in Fig. 2 shown bearing 14 rotatably mounted. Another type of storage of the drive shaft 9, for example with a double bearing, may be advantageous. In the peripheral wall of the housing 3, the feed opening 15 is formed, which is arranged immediately adjacent to the outside of the blade 11 on the circumference of the crushing tool 30. At the feed opening 15, an axial counter-holder 17 is arranged, which is arranged in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation 12 and against which the clippings are supported in the axial direction of the axis of rotation 12 during the comminution process. The clippings will be from the cutting edge 16 of a Knife 11 pressed against the axial counter-holder 17. In the circumferential direction, the cut material is supported on a radial counter-holder 18, which is arranged in a plane parallel to the axis of rotation 12 and limits the feed opening 15 in the circumferential direction. On the side projecting towards the knife 11, an edge 19 is formed on the radial counter-holder 18, which acts as a counter-cutting edge. The axial counter-holder 17 and the radial counter-holder 18 can also be inclined or bent relative to the plane extending perpendicular to the axis of rotation 12 or to the axis of rotation 12.

As Fig. 3 shows, the four blades 11 are arranged uniformly distributed on the cutter disk 10. Adjacent to the axial counter-holder 17, a holder 28 is fixed to the housing 3, which holds a scraper 20. The scraper 20 and the holder 29 may also consist of one part. The scraper 20 is formed in the embodiment as a cylindrical rod which extends from the region below the blade 11 to close to the cutter disk 10. The scraper 20 is adjacent in the radial direction and within the trailing ends 22 of the blades 16 of the blades 11. The scraper 20 protrudes close to the in Fig. 4 shown square opening 21 in the cutter disk 10. In the square opening 21, the drive shaft 9 is positively connected rotationally fixed to the cutter disk 10. Instead of the square opening 21, another positive connection contour can also be provided.

In the crushing operation, the crushing tool 30 rotates in a rotational direction 23 Fig. 4 shows, during rotation, the distance between the cutting edge 16 of the blade 11 and the axial counter-holder 17 and the radial counter-holder 18 decreases. The knife 11 thereby penetrates into the clippings and performs a pulling cut through the clippings. The clippings are not smashed but cut.

Also the FIGS. 5 and 6 show the arrangement of the crushing tool 30 and the knife 11. As in particular Fig. 6 shows, the blades 11 are arranged spirally on the cutter disk 10. At its leading end, the blades 16 of the blades 11 are arranged close to the periphery 24 of the blade 10. In the region of their trailing end 22, they have the greatest distance from the circumference 24 of the cutter disk 10.

Fig. 7 shows in detail the design of the radial counter-holder 18. The edge 19 of the radial counter-holder 18 corresponds approximately to the contour of the passing knives 11. The knife disk 10 facing side 27 of the edge 19 has the axis of rotation 12 a distance e, which is only slightly larger than half the diameter d ( Fig. 10 ) of the cutter disk 10 is. The side facing away from the cutter disk 10 side 26 of the edge 19 has the axis of rotation 12 a distance c, which is smaller than half the diameter d of the cutter disk 10. Advantageously, the distance c is less than 40% of the diameter d of the cutter disk 10. The distances c and e are measured radially to the axis of rotation 12. As Fig. 7 also shows, the blades 11 protrude in the axial direction of the axis of rotation 12 beyond the radial counter-holder 18 also. The axial height of the blade 11 is thus greater than the axial height of the radial counter-holder 18th

The FIGS. 8 and 9 also show the arrangement of the crushing tool 30 and the radial counter-holder 18. Like the FIGS. 8 and 9 also show, the areas of the blades 11, which protrude from the plane of the blade disk, formed as a curved, triangular plates, which are fixed perpendicular to the blade 10 aligned on the cutter disk 10. At their trailing end 22, the cutting edges 16 of the knives 11 have a distance h from the cutting disk 10. The cutting edges 16 are each formed on the front side of the blades 11, which faces away from the cutting disk 10. The terms "leading" and "trailing" refer to the direction of rotation in the crushing operation.

Fig. 10 shows the design of the crushing tool 30 in detail. The radial counter-holder 18 is offset laterally offset from the central axis 29 of the Zuführgosse 2 and extends parallel to the central axis 29 and the feed direction 13. The supply can also be in a feed direction 13 ', which with the radial direction to the axis of rotation 12, in Fig. 10 coincides with the indicated central axis 29, an angle α includes. The angle α is advantageously less than 45 °, in particular less than 30 °. Particularly advantageous is considered to be a supply in the radial direction.

The four blades 11 are arranged evenly distributed on the cutter disk. The leading end 25 of the cutting edge 16 of each blade 11 thus includes with the leading end 25 of the cutting edge 16 of the leading blade 11 at an angle of 90 ° about the axis of rotation 12 a. Accordingly, the trailing end 22 of each cutting edge 16 encloses an angle of 90 ° about the axis of rotation 12 with the trailing end 22 of the cutting edge 16 of the leading blade 11. As Fig. 10 The trailing ends 22 are at the periphery 24 a distance a, wherein the distance a of the cutting edge 16 against the direction of rotation 23, ie from the leading end 25 to the trailing end 22nd continuously enlarged. The distance a is at the trailing end 22 advantageously about 10% to about 35%, in particular about 20% to about 30% of the diameter d of the cutter disk 10th Wie die FIGS. 8 and 9 show, the distance h of the cutting edge 16 to the cutting disk 10 from the leading end 25 to the trailing end 22 increases continuously.

During rotation about the axis of rotation 12, the trailing ends 22 of the knives 11 describe a circle 31. Within this circle 31 is the scraper 20. The drive shaft 9, the in Fig. 10 is shown only by dashed lines, has to the circle 31 a radially measured to the rotation axis 12 distance f. The scraper 20 advantageously extends over a large part of the distance f, so that cut material separated from the knives 11 is reliably stripped off the knives 11. For this purpose, it is provided that the scraper advantageously extends over more than 50%, in particular over more than 80% of the distance f. The scraper 20 has a width measured in the radial direction to the axis of rotation 12, which corresponds in the embodiment due to the cylindrical shape of the scraper 20 a diameter g of the scraper 20, wherein the width or the diameter g is only slightly smaller than the distance f. The width of the scraper 20 or the diameter g is chosen so that no contact between scraper 20, drive shaft 9 and knives 11 can result in the occurring manufacturing tolerances.

The side 26 of the edge 19 protrudes in the in Fig. 10 The representation below the cutter disk 10. The side 26 has the circumference 24 of the cutter disk in the radial direction to the rotation axis 12 a distance b, which is advantageously more than 10% of the diameter d of the cutter disk 10.

Fig. 11 shows an embodiment of a chopper 51, whose structure is essentially the chopper 1 from Fig. 1 equivalent. Like reference numerals designate like components. The chopper 51 has a Zuführgosse 52 through which the clippings from one direction laterally from above into the arranged in the housing 3 Schnitzelkammer 54 is supplied. The supply takes place in a feed direction 53, which in the in Fig. 11 shown, parallel to the axis of rotation 12 lying cutting plane is inclined to a perpendicular to the axis of rotation 12. The supply takes place at the periphery of the chip chamber 54. In the chip chamber 54, the comminution tool 30 is arranged. To the chip chamber 54 is followed by a chopping chamber 55, in which a chopping tool 56 is arranged. The chopping tool 56 is advantageously a knife disc with blades fixed thereto. The chopping tool 56 is used for subsequent comminution of the shredded material shredded by the shredding tool 30. The chopping tool 56 is driven in rotation about a rotation axis 57, which is perpendicular to the cutter disk and aligned parallel to the rotation axis 12. The drive takes place via a drive belt 58, which is coupled to the drive shaft 9. The speeds of the crushing tool 30 and the Nachzerkleinerungswerkzeugs may be the same or different. The post-shredding can also be done via another Nachzerkleinerungswerkzeug, for example via a mallet. In the post-shredding, the supply of clippings in the radial or axial direction to the axis of rotation of the Nachzerkleinerungswerkzeugs or with respect to the axis of rotation of the Nachzerkleinerungswerkzeugs inclined.

In Fig. 12 an embodiment of a crushing tool 40 is shown, which has two spiral or sickle-shaped blades 11 which are fixed to a cutter disk 10. The knives 11 overlap in the radial direction, so that between the circumference 24 of the cutter disk 10 and the axis of rotation 12 is always at least one knife 11 is arranged.

Also in the in the FIGS. 1 to 10 running embodiment, the blades 11 overlap in the radial direction. The leading end 25 of the following knife 11 is already engaged, while the trailing end 22 of the cutting edge 16 of the leading knife 11 has not yet come into engagement.

Due to the fact that the distance between the knives 11 and the circumference 24 of the knife disc 10 increases continuously, the clippings are continuously drawn into the chip chamber 4, 54 during the cutting process, so that self-closing is achieved in a simple manner. On the cutter disk 10, a different number of knives 11 can be arranged. At least one knife 11 is provided. A larger number of knives may be advantageous for increasing the cutting performance. If the number of knives 11 is too large, however, the tendency of the chopper 1 to become clogged may increase.

Claims (15)

1. Shredder having a housing (3), in which a shredding chamber (4, 54) is formed, in which a comminuting tool (30) driven in rotation around a rotation axis (12) is arranged, wherein a feed opening (15) for cutting material opens into the shredding chamber (4, 54) on the circumference of the comminuting tool (30), wherein the comminuting tool (30) has a cutting disc (10), wherein at least one blade (11) is fixed to the cutting disc (10), said blade (11) having a cutting edge (16), characterised in that both the distance (h), measured parallel to the rotation axis (12), of the cutting edge (16) to the cutting disc (10) and also the distance (a), measured radially to the rotation axis (12), of the blade (16) to the circumference (24) of the cutting disc (10) continuously increase from the forerunning end (25) of the cutting edge (16) to the rear end (22) of the cutting edge (16).
2. Shredder according to claim 1,
   characterised in that the shredder (1, 51) has a feed means for cutting material, of which the central axis (29) as seen in the direction of the rotation axis (12), with the radial direction to the rotation axis (12), is at an angle (α) of less than 45°, in particular less than 30° .
3. Shredder according to claim 1 or 2,
   characterised in that the blade (11) is formed as a helically bent plate arranged perpendicular to the cutting disc, wherein the cutting edge (16) is formed on the axial end face of the blade (11) facing away from the cutting disc (10).
4. Shredder according to one of the claims 1 to 3,
   characterised in that the forerunning end (25) of the cutting edge (16) is arranged adjacent to the circumference (24) of the cutting disc (10).
5. Shredder according to one of the claims 1 to 4,
   characterised in that the rear end (22) of the cutting edge (16) is at a distance (a) from the circumference (24) of the cutting disc (10), said distance (a) being approximately 10% to approximately 35%, in particular approximately 20% to approximately 30% of the diameter (d) of the cutting disc (10).
6. Shredder according to one of the claims 1 to 5,
   characterised in that the shredder (1, 51) has a scraping means (20) arranged in a fixed position in the housing (3) of the shredder (1,51), said scraping means (20) being arranged within a circle (31) defined during rotation of the cutting disc (10) by the rear end (22) of the blade (16).
7. Shredder according to claim 6,
   characterised in that the cutting disc (10) is driven by a drive shaft (9) which extends through the space encircled by the blade (11) during rotation of the comminuting tool.
8. Shredder according to claim 7,
   characterised in that the scraping means (20) extends over more than 50%, in particular over more than 80% of the distance (f), measured in the radial direction to the rotation axis (12), between the circle (31) defined by the rear end (22) of the cutting edge (16) and the drive shaft (9)
9. Shredder according to one of the claims 1 to 8,
   characterised in that an axial counter holder (17) is arranged at the feed opening (15), on which counter holder (17) the cutting material is supported during the cutting process in the axial direction of the rotation axis (12).
10. Shredder according to one of the claims 1 to 9,
    characterised in that a radial counter holder (18) is arranged at the feed opening (15), on which counter holder (18) the cutting material is supported during the cutting process in the circumferential direction relative to the cutting disc (10).
11. Shredder according to claim 10,
    characterised in that the radial counter holder (18) is at a distance (c) from the rotation axis (12) on the side facing away from the cutting disc (10), said distance (c) being smaller than half the diameter (d) of the cutting disc (10), wherein the distance (c) is in particular smaller than 40% of the diameter (d) of the cutting disc (10).
12. Shredder according to one of the claims 1 to 11,
    characterised in that a plurality of, in particular four, blades (11) are arranged on the cutting disc (10), wherein the blades (11) overlap in particular in the radial direction to the rotation axis (12):
13. Shredder according to one of the claims 1 to 12,
    characterised in that the shredder (1, 51) has a drive motor (7) which drives the comminuting tool (30) in rotation via a reduction gear unit (8)
14. Shredder according to one of the claims 1 to 13,
    characterised in that the comminuting tool (30) is driven at a speed of approximately 10 revolutions/minute to approximately 200 revolutions/minute, in particular approximately 25 revolutions/minute to approximately 100 revolutions/minute.
15. Shredder according to one of the claims 1 to 14,
    characterised in that the shredder (51) has a subsequent comminuting chamber, into which the cutting material comminuted by the comminuting tool (30) enters and in which a subsequent comminuting tool driven in rotation is arranged.

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