EP1893406A2 - Corps moules en polycarbonate a revetement ignifuge - Google Patents

Corps moules en polycarbonate a revetement ignifuge

Info

Publication number
EP1893406A2
EP1893406A2 EP06776038A EP06776038A EP1893406A2 EP 1893406 A2 EP1893406 A2 EP 1893406A2 EP 06776038 A EP06776038 A EP 06776038A EP 06776038 A EP06776038 A EP 06776038A EP 1893406 A2 EP1893406 A2 EP 1893406A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
polymer
weight
polymers
parts
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP06776038A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Eckhard Wenz
Thomas Eckel
Bernhard Schartel
Uwe Beck
Andreas Hertwig
Matthias Weise
Johannes STRÜMPFEL
Ekkehart Reinhold
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und Pruefung BAM
Original Assignee
Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und Pruefung BAM
Bayer MaterialScience AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und Pruefung BAM, Bayer MaterialScience AG filed Critical Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und Pruefung BAM
Publication of EP1893406A2 publication Critical patent/EP1893406A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
    • C23C14/10—Glass or silica
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L69/00—Compositions of polycarbonates; Compositions of derivatives of polycarbonates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L69/00—Compositions of polycarbonates; Compositions of derivatives of polycarbonates
    • C08L69/005—Polyester-carbonates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
    • C23C14/021—Cleaning or etching treatments
    • C23C14/022—Cleaning or etching treatments by means of bombardment with energetic particles or radiation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
    • C23C14/024—Deposition of sublayers, e.g. to promote adhesion of the coating
    • C23C14/025—Metallic sublayers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
    • C23C14/14—Metallic material, boron or silicon
    • C23C14/20—Metallic material, boron or silicon on organic substrates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
    • C23C14/24—Vacuum evaporation
    • C23C14/28—Vacuum evaporation by wave energy or particle radiation
    • C23C14/30—Vacuum evaporation by wave energy or particle radiation by electron bombardment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L25/00—Compositions of, homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L25/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons
    • C08L25/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of styrene
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12535—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
    • Y10T428/12556—Organic component
    • Y10T428/12562—Elastomer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12535—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
    • Y10T428/12556—Organic component
    • Y10T428/12569—Synthetic resin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
    • Y10T428/263—Coating layer not in excess of 5 mils thick or equivalent
    • Y10T428/264—Up to 3 mils
    • Y10T428/265—1 mil or less
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31507—Of polycarbonate
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31551—Of polyamidoester [polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polycarbamate, etc.]
    • Y10T428/31605—Next to free metal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31678—Of metal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31678—Of metal
    • Y10T428/31681—Next to polyester, polyamide or polyimide [e.g., alkyd, glue, or nylon, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31678—Of metal
    • Y10T428/31692—Next to addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31678—Of metal
    • Y10T428/31692—Next to addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
    • Y10T428/31699—Ester, halide or nitrile of addition polymer

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a multilayer product (composite material), wherein the first layer is an infrared-dense optical layer, and wherein the second layer contains a polymer (plastic) as a substrate.
  • the invention relates to a process for improving the flame retardancy of shaped articles made of polymers, as well as to a process for producing the multilayered products, and to components which contain said multi-layered products.
  • Coatings are particularly used in materials where it is not possible to incorporate flame retardant substances in the material, e.g. Wood, thermosets or steel, but are not limited to these classes of materials.
  • Successful systems are mostly based on the principle of intumescence, which means that at elevated temperatures, the coatings expand to a thermally and mechanically stable, multicellular thermally insulating char.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide polymers with improved flame retardancy available, which should be a halogen-free flame retardant and the flame retardant should be as effective as possible, ie with the lowest possible flame retardant and beyond flame retardancy at high external heat radiation to be guaranteed.
  • the layers In the case of composite materials with multilayer construction, the layers must be good Adhere or have low mechanical stresses and possibly located on the surface layers must map the surface structures of the substrate well.
  • ECD electro-deposition deposition
  • PVD physical vapor deposition
  • CVD chemical vapor deposition
  • electrically conductive layers e.g., copper
  • sheets polymers
  • metallic layers have been in industrial mass use for several decades (printed circuit boards) or for about a decade (multilayer PCBs).
  • Physically relevant size, which does not possess the uncoated substrate, is the electrical conductivity.
  • barrier layers of metal which, partially in combination with other layers, seal packaging material (e.g., polymeric films) in a light and water vapor resistant manner (e.g., food packaging for freeze-dried coffee).
  • seal packaging material e.g., polymeric films
  • a light and water vapor resistant manner e.g., food packaging for freeze-dried coffee.
  • Physically relevant size, which does not possess the uncoated substrate, is the lower transmission capacity in the visible spectral range and the better Wasserdampfsperrcertain.
  • the invention therefore relates to a multilayer product (composite material), wherein the first layer (Sl) is an optically dense layer in the infrared region, and wherein the second Layer (S2) contains a polymer (plastic) as a substrate.
  • the invention relates to a method for improving the flame retardancy of shaped articles of polymers, a method for producing the multilayer products and components containing said multilayer products.
  • the metallic coating for improving the flame retardancy is based on the principle of increasing the reflectivity in the relevant for flame retardant radiation range (NIR to IR, 0.5 to 10 microns wavelength). As a result, it is typically possible to achieve a reduction of the absorbed energy with respect to the heat radiation of a heat source to less than 60%, preferably to less than 5%, compared to non-flame-retardant and uncoated polymer materials.
  • a layer which is optically dense in the infrared range is understood as meaning a layer which, assuming a black body radiator of 1300 K, has an integral reflectivity of greater than 35%, preferably greater than 40%, over the spectral range 0.5 ⁇ m-10 ⁇ m preferably greater than 95%.
  • the layer Sl is constructed of metal or other integrally sufficient IR-reflecting material.
  • a metal for such a layer Sl are basically
  • the metal of the layer Sl is selected from the 1st to 5th
  • Main group or 1st to 8th subgroup of the Periodic Table preferably the 2nd to 5th main group or 1st to 8th subgroup, more preferably the 3rd to 5th main group or the 1st, 6th or 8th subgroup, are preferred Copper, aluminum, gold, silver, chromium and nickel, particularly preferably copper, aluminum and chromium are used. It is also possible to use alloys of at least two of the metals mentioned or even stainless steel.
  • Other " sufficiently IR-reflective materials for the construction of the layer Sl are the group of hard material layers, such as and preferably TiN (titanium nitride).
  • the layer Sl must be optically dense in the infrared range, which typically requires a layer thickness of from 3 nm to 10000 nm, preferably from 5 nm to 1000 nm, particularly preferably from 5 nm to 600 nm, in order to achieve the flameproofing effect based on the integral IR reflection to realize everywhere in the same quality.
  • PVD physical vapor deposition
  • ECD electro-coating deposition
  • CVD chemical vapor deposition
  • sol-gel Techniques in particular evaporation, splitting (sputtering), dip, spin and spray coating both for direct coating and for the coating or réellelbender foils or plates to be coated.
  • Preferred suitable methods are PVD (physical vapor deposition) processes, or ECD (electro-coating deposition) -V experienced.
  • PVD physical vapor deposition
  • ECD electro-coating deposition
  • the coating is preferably carried out in a multi-stage treatment or coating process.
  • the coating according to the invention therefore comprises, in a preferred embodiment, an adhesion-promoting layer (H), a functional layer (F) and optionally a protective layer (S), so that the following layer structure results:
  • the adhesion-promoting layer (H) consists of a metal such as chromium, nickel, a Ni, ckel / chromium alloy or stainless steel, preferably the adhesion-promoting layer consists of chromium.
  • the adhesion-promoting layer (H) has layer thicknesses of 1 nm up to 200 nm, preferably 3 nm to 150 nm, particularly preferably 5 nm to 100 nm. For larger layer thickness, the adhesion-promoting layer itself can also be functional.
  • a sufficient anchoring of the following functional layer (F) on the substrate is achieved by the adhesion-promoting layer (H).
  • the functional layer (F) consists of a material which is as heat-reflecting as possible, such as, for example and preferably, a metal or another integrally sufficiently IR-reflecting material.
  • the material of the functional layer is selected from a metal of the 1st to 5th main group or 1st to 8th subgroup of the Periodic Table, preferably the 2nd to 5th main group or 1st to 8th subgroup, particularly preferably the 3rd to 5th main group or the 1st, 6th or 8th subgroup, particularly preferred are aluminum, copper, gold, silver, chromium and nickel, most preferably copper is used.
  • alloys of at least two of said metals in particular nickel / chromium alloy, and stainless steel and hard coatings, such as titanium nitride (TiN).
  • TiN titanium nitride
  • the func- Onstik must be optically dense in the infrared range, which typically requires a thicker layer thickness of 3 nm to 10,000 nm, preferably from 5 nm to 1000 nm, more preferably from 5 nm to 600 nm in order to realize the flame retardant effect everywhere in the same quality.
  • the exact layer thickness requirements, over a spectral range of 0.5 microns to 10 microns integral reflectivity greater than 35%, preferably greater than 40%, more preferably greater than 95% (assuming a black body with 1300 K as a heat source) to obtain vary according to the specific reflection properties of the metal used for the functional layer.
  • a layer thickness of 5 nm results in an integral reflectivity of 38% (when using a 5 nm thick chromium layer as adhesion-promoting layer (Fl)).
  • a layer thickness of 500 nm results in the case of copper in a reflectivity of 96.8% (when using a 100 nm thick chromium layer as adhesion-promoting layer (H)), see the embodiment.
  • the coating according to the invention contains a protective layer (S), preferably based on an oxide material or metal oxide or a hard layer.
  • the protective layer (S) of at least one component selected from the group- 'pe consisting of SiO 2, TiO 2, Al 2 O 3, and hard coatings such as titanium nitride (TiN).
  • the protective layer consists of SiO 2 .
  • the protective layer typically has a layer thickness of from 10 nm to 1000 nm, preferably from 15 nm to 500 nm, particularly preferably from 50 nm to 150 nm.
  • the protective layer has the advantage that negative long-term influences (for example corrosion of the metal) are avoided or that a high scratch resistance of the coating and thus a high scratch resistance of the surface of the composite material is achieved.
  • the protective layer is particularly advantageous if the functional layer is constructed of a metal which is not self-passivating against degradation (for example in the case of copper and others formation of verdigris) and scratch-resistant, which is the case, for example, with copper.
  • the substrate (polymer) with an adhesion-promoting layer (H), a functional layer (F) and optionally a protective layer (S) all process classes of thin-film technology, ie PVD and CVD method and sol-gel Techniques, in particular in particular the evaporation, the sputtering (sputtering), the dipping, spin coating and spray coating both for the direct coating and for the coating of films or plates to be laminated or adhered.
  • the process class of ECD processes in particular for thicker layers and pure metallization is to be mentioned as suitable.
  • the PVD (physical vapor deposition) -V experience in particular the electron beam evaporation and PVD sputtering, particularly preferably used the electron beam evaporation.
  • the coating itself must always be adapted to the base material (material) and its characteristics (shaped body or foil).
  • the embodiment described below represents only one of the possible forms to cover the requirement profile.
  • a preferably existing, upstream of the actual coating step causes the cleaning or activation of the substrate surface.
  • This cleaning or activation of the substrate surface is preferably carried out by ion-assisted activation in an Ar / O 2 mixture or by plasma-activated processes or by wet-chemical activation steps.
  • This cleaning or activation of the substrate surface is particularly preferably carried out by ion-assisted activation in an Ar / C> 2 mixture.
  • thermoplastics thermosets and also rubbers.
  • Polymers which can be used according to the invention are listed, for example, in Saechtling, Kunststoff-Taschenbuch, Issue 26, Carl Hanser Verlag, Kunststoff, Vienna, 1995.
  • Thermoplastics which may be mentioned by way of example are polystyrene, polyurethane, polyamide, polyester, polyacetal, polyacrylate, polycarbonate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene-acrylonitrile and copolymers based on said polymers and mixtures of said polymers and copolymers or with further polymers.
  • suitable rubber-like polymers are polyisoprene, polychloroprene, styrene-butadiene rubber, rubber-like ABS polymers and copolymers of ethylene and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of vinyl acetate, acrylic esters, methacrylic esters and propylene.
  • thermoplastics in particular those based on polycarbonate carbonate, so polycarbonate or consist thereof used.
  • thermoplastics are compositions which comprise aromatic polycarbonate and / or aromatic polyester carbonate as component A and contain as component B at least one further polymer selected from the group consisting of vinyl (co) polymers, rubber-modified vinyl (co) polymers and polyesters.
  • the layer S2 is thus a polycarbonate composition containing
  • thermoplastics for example and preferably aromatic polycarbonates and / or aromatic polyester are suitable according to the invention.
  • aromatic polycarbonates see, for example, Schnell, Chemistry and Physics of Polycarbonates, Interscience Publishers, 1964 and DE-AS 1 495 626, DE-A 2 232 877, DE-A 2 703 376, DE-A 2 714 544, DE-A 3 000 610, DE-A 3 832 396; for the preparation of aromatic polyester carbonates, for example DE-A 3 077 934).
  • aromatic polycarbonates is e.g. by reacting diphenols with carbonyl halides, preferably phosgene, and / or with aromatic dicarboxylic acid dihalides, preferably benzenedicarboxylic acid dihalides, by the interfacial method, if appropriate using chain terminators, for example monophenols and optionally using trifunctional or more than trifunctional branching agents, for example triphenols or tetraphenols ,
  • Diphenols for the preparation of the aromatic polycarbonates and / or aromatic polyester carbonates are preferably those of the formula (I)
  • B is in each case C to C 12 -alkyl, preferably methyl, halogen, preferably chlorine and / or bromine
  • x each independently 0, 1 or 2
  • p 1 or 0
  • R 5 and R 6 are individually selectable for each X 1 , independently of one another hydrogen or C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl,
  • n is an integer from 4 to 7, preferably 4 or 5, with the proviso that on at least one atom X 1 , R 5 and R 6 are simultaneously alkyl.
  • Preferred diphenols are hydroquinone, resorcinol, dihydroxydiphenols, bis-hydroxyphenyl O-C j -
  • diphenols are 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl, bisphenol A, 2,4-bis (4-hydroxy " 'phenyl) -2-methylbutane, l, l-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) cyclohexane, l, 1-bis- (4-hydroxyphenyl) -3,3,5-i.trimethylcyclohexane, 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenylsulfide, 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenylsulfone and their di- and tetrabrominated or chlorinated derivatives such as 2,2-bis (3-bis) Chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl) -propane, 2,2-bis (3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl) -propane or 2,2-bis (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl) propane. Particularly preferred is 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane (bisphenol A).
  • the diphenols can be used individually or as any mixtures.
  • the diphenols are known from the literature or obtainable by literature methods.
  • Suitable chain terminators for the preparation of the thermoplastic, aromatic polycarbonates (component A) are, for example, phenol, p-chlorophenol, p-tert-butylphenol or 2,4,6-tribromophenol, but also long-chain alkylphenols, such as 4- (1,3) Tetramethylbutyl) -phenol according to DE-A 2,842,005 or monoalkylphenol or dialkylphenols having a total of 8 to 20 carbon atoms in the alkyl substituents, such as 3,5-di-tert-butylphenol, p-iso-octylphenol, p-tert.
  • the amount of chain terminators to be used is generally between 0.5 mol%, and 10 mol%, based on the molar sum of the diphenols used in each case.
  • the thermoplastic, aromatic polycarbonates may be branched in a known manner, preferably by the incorporation of from 0.05 to 2.0 mol%, based on the sum of the diphenols used, of trifunctional or more than trifunctional compounds, for example those containing three and more phenolic groups.
  • both homopolycarbonates and copolycarbonates are suitable.
  • inventive copolycarbonates according to component A it is also possible to use 1 to 25% by weight, preferably 2.5 to 25% by weight (based on the total amount of diphenols to be used) of hydroxyaryloxy endblocked polydiorganosiloxanes. These are known (for example, US Pat. No. 3,419,634) or can be prepared by methods known from the literature.
  • the preparation of polydi- organosiloxane-containing copolycarbonates is z. As described in DE-A 3 334 782.
  • Preferred polycarbonates in addition to the bisphenol A homopolycarbonates, are the copolycarbonates of bisphenol A with up to 15 mol%, based on the molar sums of diphenols, of other than preferred or particularly preferred diphenols.
  • Aromatic dicarboxylic acid dihalides for the preparation of aromatic polyester carbonates are preferably the diacid dichlorides of isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, diphenyl ether-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid and naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylic acid.
  • mixtures of aromatic dicarboxylic acid dihalides are particularly preferred.
  • polyester carbonates in addition a carbonyl halide, preferably phosgene is used as a bifunctional acid derivative.
  • chain terminators for the preparation of the aromatic polyester are in addition to the aforementioned monophenols still their chloroformate and the acid chlorides of aromatic monocarboxylic acids, which may be substituted by C 1 to C 22 alkyl groups or by halogen atoms, and aliphatic C 2 to C 22 monocarboxylic acid chlorides into consideration.
  • the amount of chain terminators is in each case from 0.1 to 10 mol%, based on moles of diphenols in the case of the phenolic chain terminators and on moles of dicarboxylic acid dichlorides in the case of monocarboxylic acid chloride chain terminators.
  • the aromatic polyester carbonates may also contain incorporated aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acids.
  • the aromatic polyester carbonates can be branched both linearly and in a known manner (see also DE-A 2 940 024 and DE-A 3 007 934).
  • branching agents are trifunctional or polyfunctional carboxylic acid chlorides, such as trimesic acid trichloride, cyanuric trichloride, 3,3 ', 4,4'-benzophenone tetracarboxylic acid tetrachloride, 1, 4,5,8-naphthalene tetracarboxylic acid tetrachloride or pyromellitic acid tetrachloride, in amounts of 0 , 01 to 1.0 mol% (based on dicarboxylic acid dichlorides used) or trifunctional or polyfunctional phenols, such as phloroglucinol, 4,6-dimethyl-2,4,6-tri- (4-hydroxyphenyl) -heptene-2,4 , 4-Dimethyl-2,4,6-tris (4-hydroxyphenyl) heptane, 1,3,5-tri (4-hydroxyphenyl) benzene, 1,1,1-tri- (4-hydroxyphenyl) -ethan, tri
  • the proportion of carbonate structural units can vary as desired.
  • the proportion of carbonate groups is preferably up to 100 mol%, in particular up to 80 mol%, particularly preferably up to 50 mol%, based on the sum of ester groups and carbonate groups.
  • Both the ester and the carbonate portion of the aromatic polyester carbonates may be present in the form of blocks or randomly distributed in the polycondensate.
  • thermoplastic, aromatic poly (ester) carbonates have average weight-average molecular weights (M w , measured, for example, by ultracentrifuge, scattered light measurement or gel permeation chromatography) of 10,000 to 200,000, preferably 15,000 to 80,000, particularly preferably 17,000 to 40,000.
  • thermoplastic, aromatic polycarbonates and polyester carbonates can be used alone or in any desired mixture.
  • Preferred rubber-modified vinyl (co) polymers are graft polymers of at least one vinyl monomer on at least one rubber having a glass transition temperature ⁇ 10 ° C as the graft base, in particular those graft polymers of Bl 5 to 95 wt .-%, preferably 10 to 90 wt .-%, in particular 20 to 70 wt .-% monomers of a mixture of
  • vinylaromatics and / or ring-substituted vinylaromatics such as styrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, p-methylstyrene, p-chlorostyrene
  • methacrylic acid (Ci-C 8 ) -alkyl esters such as methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate
  • B.1.2 1 to 50 wt .-%, preferably 10 to 50 wt .-%, particularly preferably 15 to 45 wt .-%, most preferably 20 to 40 wt .-% vinyl cyanides (unsaturated nitriles such as acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile ) and / or (meth) acrylic acid (C 1 -C 8 ) -alkyl esters (such as methyl methacrylate, n-butyl acrylate, t-butyl acrylate) and / or derivatives (such as anhydrides and imides) of unsaturated carboxylic acids (for example maleic anhydride and N-phenyl).
  • Maleimide maleimide
  • B.2 95 to 5 wt .-%, preferably 90 to 10 wt .-%, in particular 80 to 30 wt .-% of 'one or more rubbers with glass transition temperatures ⁇ 10 ° C, preferably ⁇ 0 ° C, more preferably ⁇ -20 0 C as a grafting base.
  • the graft base generally has an average particle size (d 5 o value) of 0.05 to 10 ⁇ m, preferably 0.1 to 5 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 0.2 to 1 ⁇ m.
  • the average particle size d 50 is the diameter, above and below which each 50 wt .-% of the particles are. It can be determined by ultracentrifuge measurement (W. Scholtan, H. Lange, Kolloid, Z. and Z. Polymere 250 (1972), 782-1796).
  • Preferred monomers B.1.1 are selected from at least one of the monomers styrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene and methyl methacrylate
  • preferred monomers B.1.2 are selected from at least one of the monomers acrylonitrile, maleic anhydride and methyl methacrylate.
  • Particularly preferred monomers are styrene and acrylonitrile.
  • Suitable graft bases B.2 for the graft polymers are diene rubbers, EP (D) M rubbers, ie those based on ethylene / propylene and optionally diene, acrylate, polyurethane, silicone, chloroprene and ethylene / vinyl acetate rubbers, and also composite rubbers. consisting of two or more of the aforementioned systems.
  • Preferred grafting bases are diene rubbers.
  • Diene rubbers for the purposes of the present invention are those based on butadiene, isoprene, etc., or mixtures of diene rubbers or copolymers of diene rubbers or mixtures thereof with other copolymerizable monomers, such as butadiene / styrene copolymers, with the proviso that the glass transition temperature of Grafting ⁇ 10 ° C, preferably ⁇ 0 ° C, more preferably ⁇ 1O 0 C.
  • Especially preferred is pure polybutadiene rubber.
  • Particularly preferred graft polymers are e.g. ABS polymers (emulsion, bulk and suspension ABS), as z.
  • ABS polymers emulsion, bulk and suspension ABS
  • the gel content of the grafting base is preferably at least 30% by weight, in particular at least 40% by weight.
  • the gel content of the graft base is determined at 25 ° C. in toluene (M. Hoffmann, H. Krömer, R. Kuhn, Polymeranalytik I and II, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart 1977).
  • the graft copolymers may be obtained by free radical polymerization, e.g. be prepared by emulsion, suspension, solution or bulk polymerization. Preferably, they are prepared by emulsion or bulk polymerization.
  • Particularly suitable graft rubbers are also ABS polymers which are prepared by redox initiation with an initiator system of organic hydroperoxide and ascorbic acid according to US Pat. No. 4,937,285.
  • Acrylate rubbers which are suitable as the graft base are preferably polymers of alkyl acrylates, if appropriate also copolymers of up to 40% by weight, based on the graft base, of other polymerizable, ethylenically unsaturated monomers.
  • Preferred polymerizable acrylic esters include CpCs alkyl esters, for example, methyl, ethyl, butyl, n-octyl and 2-ethylhexyl esters; Haloalkyl esters, preferably halo-C 1 -C 8 -alkyl esters, such as chloroethyl acrylate and mixtures of these monomers.
  • crosslinking monomers having more than one polymerizable double bond can be copolymerized.
  • Preferred examples of crosslinking monomers are esters of unsaturated monocarboxylic acids having 3 to 8 C atoms and unsaturated monohydric alcohols having 3 to 12 C atoms, or saturated polyols having 2 to 4 OH groups and 2 to 20 C atoms, such as ethylene - glycol dimethacrylate, allyl methacrylate; polyunsaturated heterocyclic compounds, such as Trivinyl and triallyl cyanurate; polyfunctional vinyl compounds such as di- and trivinylbenzenes; but also triallyl phosphate and diallyl phthalate.
  • Preferred crosslinking monomers are allyl methacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, diallyl phthalate and heterocyclic compounds having at least three ethylenically unsaturated groups.
  • crosslinking monomers are the cyclic monomers triallyl cyanurate, triallyl isocyanurate, triacryloylhexahydro-s-triazine, triallylbenzenes.
  • the amount of crosslinked monomers is preferably 0.02 to 5, in particular 0.05 to 2 wt .-%, based on the graft.
  • cyclic crosslinking monomers having at least three ethylenically unsaturated groups it is advantageous to limit the amount to less than 1% by weight of the graft base.
  • Preferred "other" polymerizable, ethylenically unsaturated monomers which can optionally be used in addition to the acrylic acid esters for the preparation of the graft base are, for example, acrylonitrile, styrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, acrylamides, vinyl-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl ethers, methyl methacrylate, butadiene ,
  • Preferred acrylate rubbers as the graft base are emulsion polymers which have a gel content of at least 60% by weight.
  • graft bases are silicone gums with graft-active sites, as described in DE-A 3 704 657, DE-A 3 704 655, DE-A 3 631 540 and DE-A 3 631 539.
  • Preferred vinyl (co) polymers are preferably those polymers of at least one monomer from the group of vinylaromatics, vinyl cyanides (unsaturated nitriles), (meth) acrylic acid (C 1 to C 9) alkyl esters, unsaturated carboxylic acids and derivatives (such as anhydrides and imides) of unsaturated carboxylic acids.
  • Particularly suitable are (co) polymers of
  • vinyl aromatics and / or ring-substituted vinyl aromatics such as styrene, ⁇ -methyl styrene, p-methyl styrene, p-chlorostyrene) and / or methacrylic acid (Ci to C 8 ) alkyl esters such as Methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate), and
  • vinyl cyanides unsaturated nitriles
  • acrylic acid C 1 -C 8
  • -alkyl esters such as methyl methacrylate, n-butyl acrylate, t-butyl acrylate
  • unsaturated carboxylic acids such as maleic acid
  • derivatives such as anhydrides and imides of unsaturated carboxylic acids (for example maleic anhydride and N-phenyl-maleimide).
  • the (co) polymers are resinous and thermoplastic.
  • copolymer of styrene and acrylonitrile and polymethyl methacrylate is particularly preferred.
  • the (co) polymers are known and can be prepared by free-radical polymerization, in particular by emulsion, suspension, solution or bulk polymerization.
  • the (co) polymers preferably have average molecular weights M w (weight average, determined by light scattering or sedimentation) between 15,000 and 200,000.
  • Preferred suitable polyesters are aromatic polyesters, especially polyalkylene terephthalates. These are reaction products of aromatic dicarboxylic acids or their reactive derivatives, such as dimethyl esters or anhydrides, and aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or araliphatic diols and mixtures of these reaction products.
  • Preferred polyalkylene terephthalates contain at least 80 wt .-%, preferably at least 90 wt .-%, based on the dicarboxylic acid terephthalate and at least 80 wt .-%, preferably at least 90 mol%, based on the diol component of ethylene glycol and / or butanediol-1 , 4-residues.
  • the preferred polyalkylene terephthalates may contain up to 20 mol%, preferably up to 10 mol%, of other aromatic or cycloaliphatic dicarboxylic acids having 8 to 14 carbon atoms or aliphatic dicarboxylic acids having 4 to 12 carbon atoms, such as phthalic acid residues , Isophthalic acid, naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-diphenyldicarboxylic acid, succinic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid, azelaic acid, cyclohexanediacetic acid.
  • phthalic acid residues Isophthalic acid, naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-diphenyldicarboxylic acid, succinic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid, azelaic acid, cyclohexanediacetic acid.
  • the preferred polyalkylene terephthalates may contain up to 20 mol%, preferably up to 10 mol%, of other aliphatic diols having 3 to 12 C atoms or cycloaliphatic diols having 6 to 21 C atoms included, for. B.
  • the polyalkylene terephthalates can be prepared by incorporation of relatively small amounts of tri- or tetrahydric alcohols or 3- or 4-basic carboxylic acids, for example according to DE-A 1 900 270 and US Pat 3 692 744, to be branched.
  • preferred branching agents are trimesic acid, trimellitic acid, trimethylolethane and -propane and pentaerythritol.
  • polyalkylene terephthalates prepared from terephthalic acid alone and their reactive derivatives (e.g., their dialkyl esters) and ethylene glycol and / or butane-1,4-diol, and mixtures of these polyalkylene terephthalates.
  • Preferred mixtures of polyalkylene terephthalates contain from 0 to 50% by weight, preferably from 0 to 30% by weight, of polybutylene terephthalate and from 50 to 100% by weight, preferably from 70 to 100% by weight, of polyethylene terephthalate. Particularly preferred is polyethylene terephthalate.
  • the polyalkylene terephthalates which are preferably used generally have a limiting viscosity of 0.4 to 1.5 dl / g, preferably 0.5 to 1.2 dl / g, measured in phenol / o-dichlorobenzene (1: 1 parts by weight) at 25 0 C in the Ubbelohde viscometer.
  • the polyalkylene terephthalates can be prepared by known methods (for example Kunststoff-Handbuch, Volume VIH, page 695 et seq., Carl-Hanser-Verlag, Kunststoff 1973).
  • fluorinated polyolefins are optionally used in the polycarbonate compositions.
  • Fluorinated polyolefins are known and described for example in EP-A 0 640 655. They are sold, for example, under the trademark Teflon® 30N by DuPont.
  • the fluorinated polyolefins can be used both in pure form and in the form of a coagulated mixture of emulsions of the fluorinated polyolefins with emulsions of the graft polymers or with an emulsion of a copolymer (according to component B), preferably based on styrene / acrylonitrile or polymethyl methacrylate in which the fluorinated polyolefin is mixed as an emulsion with an emulsion of the graft polymer or of the copolymer and then coagulated.
  • the fluorinated polyolefins can be used as a pre-compound with the graft polymer or a copolymer, preferably based on styrene / acrylonitrile or polymethyl methacrylate.
  • the fluorinated polyolefins are mixed as a powder with a powder or granules of the graft polymer or copolymer and in the melt generally at Temperatures of 200 to 330 ° C in conventional units such as internal mixers, extruders or twin-screw compounded.
  • the fluorinated polyolefins may also be used in the form of a masterbatch prepared by emulsion polymerization of at least one monoethylenically unsaturated monomer in the presence of an aqueous dispersion of the fluorinated polyolefin.
  • Preferred monomer components are styrene, acrylonitrile, methyl methacrylate and mixtures thereof.
  • the polymer is used after acid precipitation and subsequent drying as a free-flowing powder.
  • the coagulates, pre-compounds or masterbatches usually have contents of fluorinated polyolefin of 5 to 95 wt .-%, preferably 7 to 80 wt .-%, in particular 8 to 60 wt .-%.
  • the aforementioned use concentrations of the component C relate to the fluorinated polyolefin.
  • the polycarbonate compositions may contain flame retardant additives.
  • Suitable flame-retardant additives are in particular and preferably known phosphorus-containing compounds such as monomeric and oligomeric phosphoric and phosphonic acid esters, phosphonate amines, phosphoramidates and phosphazenes, silicones and optionally fluorinated alkyl or arylsulfonic acid salts.
  • Phosphorus-containing flame retardants D in the sense according to the invention are preferably selected from the groups of mono- and oligomeric phosphoric and phosphonic acid esters, phosphonatoamines and phosphazenes, it also being possible to use mixtures of a plurality of components selected from one or more of these groups as flame retardants.
  • Other halogen-free phosphorus compounds not specifically mentioned here can also be used alone or in any combination with other halogen-free phosphorus compounds.
  • Preferred mono- and oligomeric phosphoric or phosphonic acid esters are phosphorus compounds of the general formula (IV)
  • R.1, R ⁇ , R ⁇ and R ⁇ independently of one another in each case optionally halogenated C ⁇ to Cg alkyl, in each case optionally substituted by alkyl, preferably Cj to C ⁇ alkyl, and / or gene halo-, preferably chlorine, bromine, substituted C5 to Cg-cycloalkyl, Cg to C2 () -aryl or
  • n independently of one another, O or 1,
  • X is a mononuclear or polynuclear aromatic radical having 6 to 30 C atoms, or a linear or branched aliphatic radical having 2 to 30 C atoms, which may be OH-substituted and may contain up to 8 ether bonds.
  • R ⁇ , R ⁇ , R ⁇ and R ⁇ are each independently C j to C ⁇ alkyl, phenyl, naphthyl or phenyl-Ci-C4-alkyl.
  • the aromatic groups R ⁇ , R ⁇ , R ⁇ and R ⁇ may in turn be substituted by halogen and / or alkyl groups, preferably chlorine, bromine and / or Cj to C4-alkyl.
  • Particularly preferred aryl radicals are cresyl, phenyl, xylenyl, propylphenyl or butylphenyl and the corresponding brominated and chlorinated derivatives thereof.
  • X in the formula (FV) is preferably a mononuclear or polynuclear aromatic radical having 6 to 30 C atoms. This is preferably derived from diphenols of the formula (I).
  • n in the formula (IV) may independently be 0 or 1, preferably n is equal to 1.
  • q is from 0 to 30, preferably from 0.3 to 20, particularly preferably from 0.5 to 10, in particular from 0.5 to 6, very particularly preferably from 1.1 to 1.6.
  • X is particularly preferred for
  • X is derived from resorcinol, hydroquinone, bisphenol A or diphenylphenol.
  • X is particularly preferably derived from bisphenol A.
  • component D it is also possible to use mixtures of different phosphates.
  • Phosphorus compounds of the formula (IV) are, in particular, tributyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, diphenyl cresyl phosphate, diphenyl octyl phosphate, diphenyl 2-ethyl cresyl phosphate, tri (isopropylphenyl) phosphate, resorcinol bridged diphosphate and bisphenol A, bridged diphosphate.
  • the use of oligomeric phosphoric acid esters of the formula (IV) derived from bisphenol A is particularly preferred.
  • the phosphorus compounds according to component D are known (cf., for example, EP-A 0 363 608, EP-A 0 640 655) or can be prepared by known methods in an analogous manner (for example, Ulimanns Enzyklopadie der ischen Chemie, Vol ff. 1979; Houben-Weyl, Methods of Organic Chemistry, Vol. 12/1, p. 43; Beilstein, Vol. 6, p. 177).
  • the mean q values can be determined by determining the composition of the phosphate mixture (molecular weight distribution) using a suitable method (gas chromatography (GC), high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), gel permeation chromatography (GPC)) and calculating the mean values for q become.
  • a suitable method gas chromatography (GC), high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), gel permeation chromatography (GPC)
  • phosphonatamines and phosphazenes as described in WO 00/00541 and WO 01/18105, can be used as flame retardants.
  • the flame retardants can be used alone or in any mixture with each other or in mixture with other flame retardants.
  • Component E is
  • the polycarbonate compositions may contain further polymers and / or polymer additives.
  • Examples of other polymers are, in particular, those which can show a synergistic effect in the course of a fire by supporting the formation of a stable carbon layer. Preference is given to these polyphenylene oxides and sulfides, epoxy and phenolic resins, novolacs and polyether.
  • polymer additives it is possible to use stabilizers (such as heat stabilizers, hydrolysis stabilizers, light stabilizers), flow and processing aids, lubricants and mold release agents (for example pentaerythritol tetrastearate), UV absorbers, antioxidants, antistatic agents, preservatives, adhesion promoters, fibrous or particulate fillers and reinforcing substances (for example a silicate such as talc or wollastonite), dyes, pigments, nucleating agents, Schlagzähmodifkatoren, foaming agents, processing aids, finely divided (ie, with an average particle size of 1 to 200 nm) inorganic additives, more ⁇ flame-retarding additives and means for reducing the Smoke and mixtures of the above additives.
  • stabilizers such as heat stabilizers, hydrolysis stabilizers, light stabilizers
  • flow and processing aids for example pentaerythritol tetrastearate
  • the novel moldings of the layer S2 are prepared by mixing the respective components A to -E in a known manner and melt-compounded at temperatures of 200 0 C to 300 0 C in conventional units such as internal mixers, extruders and twin-screw and melt extruded.
  • the mixing of the individual constituents can be carried out in a known manner both successively and simultaneously, both at about 20 ° C. (room temperature) and at a higher temperature.
  • the compositions thus produced are then used to make molded parts of any kind. These can be produced, for example, by injection molding, extrusion and blow molding. Another form of processing is the production of moldings by deep drawing from previously produced sheets or films.
  • moldings are films, profiles, housing parts of any kind, eg for household appliances such as juice presses, coffee machines, blenders; for office machines such as monitors, printers, copiers; also plates, tubes, electrical installation ducts, profiles for the construction sector, interior design and exterior applications; Parts from the field of electrical engineering such as switches and plugs as well as automotive interior and exterior parts.
  • the compositions according to the invention can be used, for example, for the production of the following molded parts:
  • housings of small transformers containing electrical appliances housings for information dissemination and transmission apparatus, housings and panels for medical purposes, massagers and housings therefor, wall panels, safety enclosures, moldings for Plumbing and bathing equipment, and housing for gardening tools.
  • layer S2 Molded articles of various polymers (layer S2, substrate) were coated by the PVD method (electron beam evaporation) with the multilayer system (layer S1) shown in Table 1.
  • the cleaning or activation of the substrate surface was carried out by an ion-assisted activation in an Ar / O 2 mixture.
  • the layer Sl-I or Sl-II was in a cluster coating plant of VON ARDENNE plant engineering by electron beam evaporation (plasma-free PVD process) at a pressure of about 2.0 • 10 '6 mbar and with deposition rates of 0.5 - 1, 0 nm / s vapor-deposited.
  • the respective coating was applied directly after a short pretreatment / activation of the substrate surface with argon and oxygen ions, without vacuum interruption and without substrate cooling.
  • the moldings used were composed of the following polymer materials.
  • the feedstocks listed in Table 3 were prepared at a speed of 225 U for their preparation on a twin-screw extruder (ZSK-25) (Werner and Pfleiderer). min and a throughput of 20 kg / h at a machine temperature of 26O 0 C compounded and granulated and then the finished granules were processed on an injection molding machine to the corresponding specimens (melt temperature 260 0 C, mold temperature 8O 0 C, flow front velocity 240 mm / s) ,
  • Branched polycarbonate based on bisphenol A with a relative solution viscosity of ⁇ re i 1.34, measured in CH 2 Cl 2 as a solvent at 25 ° C and a concentration of 0.5 g / 100 ml, which by using 0.3 mol% Isatinbiscresol based on the sum of bisphenol A and isatin biscresol was branched.
  • Linear polycarbonate based on bisphenol A with a relative solution viscosity of ⁇ re i 1.20, measured in CH 2 Cl 2 as solvent at 25 ° C and a concentration of 0.5 g / 100 ml.
  • Styrene / aryl nitrile copolymer having a styrene / acrylonitrile weight ratio of 72:28 and an intrinsic viscosity of 0.55 dl / g (measured in dimethylformamide at 20 0 C).
  • ABS polymer prepared by bulk polymerization of 82 wt .-% based on the ABS polymer of a mixture of 24 wt .-% of acrylonitrile and 76 wt .-% of styrene in the presence of 18 wt .-% based on the ABS polymer a polybutadiene-styrene block copolymer rubber having a styrene content of 26% by weight.
  • the weight-average molecular weight w of the free SAN copolymer fraction in the ABS polymer is 80,000 g / mol (measured by GPC in THF).
  • the gel content of the ABS polymer is 24% by weight (measured in acetone).
  • Component C2 Teflon-master batch consisting of 50 wt .-% of styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer and 50 wt .-% PTFE (Blendex ® 449, GE Specialty Chemicals, Bergen op Zoom, the Netherlands)
  • Component Dl Teflon-master batch consisting of 50 wt .-% of styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer and 50 wt .-% PTFE (Blendex ® 449, GE Specialty Chemicals, Bergen op Zoom, the Netherlands)
  • Aluminum oxide hydroxide, average particle size d 50 is about 20 - 40 nm (Pural ® 200, from Sasol, Hamburg.).
  • Luzenac® A3 C from Luzenac Naintsch Mineralwerke GmbH with an MgO content of 32 wt .-%, a SiO 2 content of 61 wt .-% and an Al 2 C> 3 content of 0.3 wt. -%.
  • the imaging accuracy is assessed visually on structured plates with different graining and contours.
  • the following evaluation scheme was used for this: high: the finest graining and contours are clearly visible medium: the finest graining and contours disappear low: Differences in the surface structure are only vaguely recognizable
  • the scratch test was carried out in accordance with DIN EN 1071-3 (device parameters: Indentor type Rockwell C, cone opening angle 120 degrees, radius of curvature of the tip 0.2 mm, operating mode: increasing normal load (maximum 90 N)). As an evaluation criterion, it is indicated whether Schichtabplatzunugen occurred in this test.
  • PA polyamide
  • the significant increase in the protective effect was demonstrated in the Cone Calorimeter test according to ISO 5660 for ignition time and flame propagation (FIGRA) using the example of a three-layer system produced by vapor deposition, in addition to a middle flame-retardant metallic protective layer (metallic mirror) which is functionally active in the IR range.
  • a middle flame-retardant metallic protective layer metallic mirror
  • the middle metallic layer is the actual functional layer for fire protection in the sense of the invention. Ignition time is extended by a factor of 5 to 10, the FIGRA reduced by a factor of 14 - 1 A.
  • the layers S1 according to the invention With the layers S1 according to the invention, high imaging accuracies can be achieved, ie even the finest contours on the surface of the structured plates with different graining and contours used as a substrate can be clearly recognized.
  • the finest graining and contours of the surface of the substrate disappear after coating.
  • the adhesion of the thicker layer Sl-II does not meet the requirements of the invention, the scratch test gem.
  • DIN EN 1071-3 breaks down the layer Sl-II from the substrate (Comparative Example 17).
  • the layer S1 according to the invention does not dissolve in this scratch test (Example 16).
  • the solution according to the invention requires a layer which is optically dense in the infrared range and avoids the problems of mismatching which increase with increasing layer thickness (especially in the case of layer thicknesses greater than 10,000 nm).
  • layer thicknesses especially in the case of layer thicknesses greater than 10,000 nm.
  • the layer thicknesses typically, at thicker layer thicknesses (from 10,000 nm), degradation of the imaging accuracy of surface features, an increase in layer stresses, a deterioration of the layer adhesion and the mechanical stress profile occur, the latter being particularly associated with the flexibility or flexibility which must always be considered in polymers. Bending and stretchability is noticeable, which can be manifested, for example, in a detachment of the layers during bending or stretching of the composite materials.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un produit multicouche (matériau composite), la première couche étant une couche opaque aux infrarouges, la deuxième couche présentant un substrat sous la forme d'un polymère (matière plastique). L'invention concerne également un procédé pour améliorer la résistance à la flamme de corps moulés constitués de polymères ainsi qu'un procédé pour fabriquer des produits multicouches et des composants qui contiennent lesdits produits multicouches.
EP06776038A 2005-06-09 2006-05-27 Corps moules en polycarbonate a revetement ignifuge Withdrawn EP1893406A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005026484 2005-06-09
DE200610018602 DE102006018602A1 (de) 2005-06-09 2006-04-21 Flammwidrige beschichtete Polycarbonat-Formkörper
PCT/EP2006/005093 WO2006131229A2 (fr) 2005-06-09 2006-05-27 Corps moules en polycarbonate a revetement ignifuge

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US (1) US20060280934A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1893406A2 (fr)
JP (1) JP2008542082A (fr)
KR (1) KR20080022183A (fr)
BR (1) BRPI0611896A2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2611172A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102006018602A1 (fr)
MX (1) MX2007015362A (fr)
RU (1) RU2422284C9 (fr)
TW (1) TW200709924A (fr)
WO (1) WO2006131229A2 (fr)

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TW200709924A (en) 2007-03-16
RU2422284C9 (ru) 2012-05-27
KR20080022183A (ko) 2008-03-10
RU2422284C2 (ru) 2011-06-27
BRPI0611896A2 (pt) 2010-10-05
RU2008100096A (ru) 2009-07-20
MX2007015362A (es) 2008-04-15
JP2008542082A (ja) 2008-11-27
DE102006018602A1 (de) 2006-12-14
WO2006131229A3 (fr) 2007-03-29
US20060280934A1 (en) 2006-12-14
CA2611172A1 (fr) 2006-12-14
WO2006131229A2 (fr) 2006-12-14

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