EP1888803B1 - Apparatus for gas-dynamic applying coatings and method of coating - Google Patents

Apparatus for gas-dynamic applying coatings and method of coating Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1888803B1
EP1888803B1 EP06733241.1A EP06733241A EP1888803B1 EP 1888803 B1 EP1888803 B1 EP 1888803B1 EP 06733241 A EP06733241 A EP 06733241A EP 1888803 B1 EP1888803 B1 EP 1888803B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nozzle
powder
throat
gas
powders
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP06733241.1A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1888803A1 (en
EP1888803A4 (en
Inventor
Alexandr Ivanovich Kashirin
Oleg Fedorovich Klyuev
Alexandr Viktorovich Shkodkin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Obschestvo S Ogranichennoi Otvetstvenostiju Obnins
Original Assignee
OBSCHESTVO S OGRANICHENNOI OTVETSTVENOSTIJU OBNINSKY TSENTR POROSHKOVOGO NAPYLENIYA
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Publication of EP1888803A1 publication Critical patent/EP1888803A1/en
Publication of EP1888803A4 publication Critical patent/EP1888803A4/en
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Publication of EP1888803B1 publication Critical patent/EP1888803B1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/02—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of pressure only
    • C23C24/04—Impact or kinetic deposition of particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/14—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas designed for spraying particulate materials
    • B05B7/1481—Spray pistols or apparatus for discharging particulate material
    • B05B7/1486—Spray pistols or apparatus for discharging particulate material for spraying particulate material in dry state

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the technology of applying coatings to the surfaces, and in particular, to gas-dynamic methods of applying coatings with the use of an inorganic powder. It can be used in different branches of mechanical engineering, particularly for the restoration of the shape and dimension of metal parts, for the manufacturing and repair of metal parts to improve their impermeability or corrosion resistance or heat resistance or other property.
  • Gas-dynamic spray methods are the effective techniques for producing metal and mixed metal - ceramic coatings by the treating the substrate by a high - velocity jet of fine solid particles. In these methods the particles are accelerated in the high velocity gas stream by the drag effect. Only compressed gases, predominantly air, are used for particle acceleration without using any combustible.
  • a coating is applied by introducing metal powders into a compressed gas flow, accelerating the gas-powder mixture in a supersonic nozzle (a de Laval type nozzle) and directing the accelerated powder particles to the substrate.
  • the accelerated particles impinge on the substrate while having kinetic energy sufficient for adhering to the substrate surface.
  • the coatings are produced with powder particles having a particle size of from 1 to 50 microns. The powder particles neither melt nor begin to soften prior to impingement on the substrate and adhere to the substrate when their kinetic energy is transformed to a sufficient mechanical deformation.
  • the main disadvantages of these methods are due to a powder is injected into the heated compressed gas flow prior to passage through the de Laval nozzle throat. Because the heated main gas flow (gas stream) is under high pressure, an injection of the powder requires expensive and complicated high pressure powder delivery (powder supply) systems. The powder particles and heated main gas both must pass through the throat of the nozzle, and the particles often stick to the walls of a diverging portion and a throat of the nozzle and clog the nozzle. This requires a complete shutdown of the system and cleaning of the nozzle. As a result, the gas temperature must be sufficiently low - such that no softening and sticking of the particles to the nozzle walls take place. That temperature often turns out to be insufficient for effective coating. Besides, when using the powders with hard particles, a considerable wear of the nozzle throat occurs, causing the early destroying of the nozzle.
  • the powder particles do not pass through the nozzle throat. This allows the gas temperature to be increased with no fear that the particles will stick to the walls of the nozzle and clog or plug the nozzle throat. Since the velocity of the gas flow accelerating the powder particles is roughly proportional to the square root of the gas temperature, an increase of the gas temperature results in an increase of the velocity gained by the powder particles in the nozzle, and so, in an increase of the probability of their adherence to the substrate surface upon impingement. Thus, it has been possible to increase the efficiency of particle deposition.
  • the apparatus comprises a compressed gas heater; a supersonic nozzle (the de Laval nozzle) directly connected to the compressed gas heater and comprising a throat positioned between a converging portion and a diverging portion of the nozzle; a unit for supplying powders into the nozzle, the powder being introduced (injected) into the nozzle downstream of the nozzle throat.
  • a supersonic nozzle the de Laval nozzle
  • the powder particles do not pass through the nozzle throat, and hence, they do not wear its walls. This allows the use of the powders with hard ceramic particles. Moreover, since in the supersonic portion (positioned downstream of the throat), the gas temperature is significantly lower than in the subsonic portion (positioned in front of the throat) and in the nozzle throat, the apparatus allows to increase the compressed gas temperature without nozzle clogging by the particle sticking to the nozzle walls.
  • EP 1 445 033 discloses a kinetic spray tin coating process that enables the coating to withstand severe bending and stress without delamination.
  • the method includes use of a low pressure kinetic spray supersonic nozzle having a throat located between a converging region and a diverging region.
  • a main gas temperature is raised to from 1000 to 1300 degrees Fahrenheit and the coating particles are directly injected into the diverging region of the nozzle at a point after the throat.
  • the particles are entrained in the flow of the gas and accelerated to a velocity sufficient to result in partial melting of the particles upon impact on a substrate positioned opposite the nozzle and adherence of the particles to the substrate.
  • a nozzle having a throat diameter of 1.5 to 3 mm, a diverging region with a length of 100 to 400 mm, and an exit end with a long dimension of 8 to 14 mm and a short dimension of 2 to 6 mm. It is taught to inject the particles into the diverging region at a distance of 12.7 mm to 127 mm from the throat.
  • the object of present invention is an increase of sprayed powder deposition efficiency with the retention of the possibility to increase the compressed gas temperature and to use powders with hard particles.
  • the given object is accomplished by the fact that in the prior art apparatus for gas-dynamic applying coatings, comprising a compressed gas heater, a supersonic nozzle (the de Laval nozzle), directly connected to the gas heater and having a throat positioned between a converging portion and a diverging portion, a unit for supplying powders into the nozzle, wherein the powder injection components are placed down-stream of the nozzle throat, the unit for supplying powders into the nozzle has one or more powder feeders connected through conduits to the components for injection of one or more powders into the nozzle, and a nozzle portion positioned downstream of the powder injection components and intended for acceleration of the powders is made having parameters to suit the following relation: 0.015 ⁇ B • Sout / Sinj - 1 / L ⁇ 0.03 where
  • the nozzle can have a round or rectangular cross-section.
  • the nozzle portion intended for powder acceleration can be made as a replaceable element.
  • it can be continuously divergent or have one or more cylindrical sections.
  • the components for injection powders into the nozzle can be made as an orifice (orifices) in the nozzle wall or in the form of the tubes passing through the nozzle throat with the outlets being positioned downstream of (behind) the throat; with this, two or more components for injection powders can be made so as to ensure the powder supply equidistant from the nozzle throat.
  • each feeder can be connected to its component for injection the powder into the nozzle.
  • two or more feeders can be connected to the same component for injection the powder into the nozzle.
  • the compressed gas heating can be provided by electric heater.
  • the given object can also be accomplished if in the prior art method of gas-dynamic applying coatings, comprising heating a compressed gas; supplying it into a supersonic nozzle (the de Laval nozzle) having a throat positioned between a converging portion and a diverging portion; forming a supersonic gas flow in the nozzle; injection a powder into the supersonic gas flow downstream of the nozzle throat (behind the throat); accelerating the powder by the gas flow in the nozzle; directing said accelerated powder to the substrate surface; and forming a coating, the powder is injected into the supersonic gas flow downstream of the throat, said powder comprising the particles of one or more substances, one of which being a metal and/or an alloy, the gas flow downstream of the nozzle throat being formed to suit the following relation: 0.015 ⁇ B ⁇ Sout / Sinj - 1 / L ⁇ 0.03 , where
  • a metal powder, and/or a mechanical mixture of ceramic and metal powders is employed as a powder for forming the coating, or several powders of different hardness are injected into the supersonic flow at the same time, a ceramic powder being employed as one of the powders.
  • the particle size of the powders used, both metal and ceramic ones, ranges from 1 to 100 micrometers.
  • the gist of the present invention resides in the following.
  • a coating is formed by the separate particles, which upon impingement on the base are adhered to its surface basically due to the transformation of their kinetic energy to bonding energy.
  • the possibility of the particle adherence to the surface depends mainly on their velocity.
  • the powder particles injected into a gas flow necessarily have a velocity component directed across the flow.
  • This velocity component arises both straight on introduction of the particles into the flow and in subsequent stages of particle trajectory evolution in the flow due to collision of the particles and their scattering by discontinuities of the flow.
  • the acceleration of the particles in the nozzle is effected by a high-velocity gas flow directed along the nozzle axis. Therefore, practically straight after introduction of the powder particles into the accelerated gas flow, a transverse component of powders velocity becomes much less than the longitudinal one (directed along the gas flow).
  • it exists and is assumed by the authors to be of considerable importance The point is that the particles whose velocity is not directed strictly along the nozzle axis can impinge on the nozzle walls, and naturally, lose some of their longitudinal velocity.
  • near the nozzle walls there is always a boundary gas layer the velocity of which is sufficiently lower than that of the main gas flow.
  • the particles having a transverse velocity component can get into this boundary layer and slow down therein.
  • Fig.1 is a structural arrangement of the claimed apparatus
  • Fig.2 is a schematic illustration of the supersonic nozzle.
  • the apparatus comprises a compressed gas heater 1, a nozzle 2 with a nozzle throat 3, a powder supply unit comprising powder feeders 4 and powder injection components 5 connected to the feeders by means of pipes 6, a nozzle acceleration portion 7 positioned downstream of the powder injection components up to the nozzle outlet and made, for instance, as a replaceable element 8 ( Fig.2 ) also comprising a cylindrical section 9 ( Fig.2 ).
  • a compressed gas is delivered to the heater 1 to be heated to the required temperature.
  • the heated gas enters the supersonic nozzle 2, wherein it sequentially passes through a converging portion, the throat 3 and a diverging portion of the nozzle, and accelerates up to a supersonic velocity.
  • the powders to be sprayed are introduced into this supersonic gas flow through the powder injection components 5.
  • the powder particles are accelerated by a high-velocity gas flow at the nozzle acceleration portion 7 and then they are directed to the substrate surface.
  • the nozzle can have a round or rectangular cross-section.
  • the nozzle acceleration portion can be made, in full or in part, as a replaceable element 8 ( Fig.2 ). In this case, the nozzle portion worn by the hard particles can be easily replaced.
  • the nozzle acceleration portion can be made, in full or in part, divergent.
  • its acceleration portion can have one or more cylindrical sections 9 ( Fig.2 ).
  • one or more components for powder injection can be made as orifices ( Fig.1 ) in the nozzle wall or as the tubes passing through the nozzle throat ( Fig.2 ).
  • Two or more powder injection components can be made so as to ensure the powder supply equidistant from the nozzle throat ( Fig.1 ).
  • each feeder can be connected to separate powder injection component.
  • Two or more powder feeders can be connected to the same powder injection component to simplify the apparatus structure ( Fig.1 ).
  • the compressed gas heater can be electrical.
  • Table 1 presents the results of coating weights measurements.
  • the temperature of compressed air was 370°C. In all the cases, the same quantity of the powder was used, comprising:
  • Table 2 presents other results of coating weights measurements.
  • the same quantity of the powder was used, comprising the particles of aluminum (60%, wt.) and aluminum oxide (40%, wt.).
  • the temperature of compressed gas was as follows: a) 370°C, b) 450°C, and c) 520°C.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
EP06733241.1A 2005-05-20 2006-03-15 Apparatus for gas-dynamic applying coatings and method of coating Not-in-force EP1888803B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RU2005115327/02A RU2288970C1 (ru) 2005-05-20 2005-05-20 Устройство для газодинамического нанесения покрытий и способ нанесения покрытий
PCT/RU2006/000116 WO2006123965A1 (en) 2005-05-20 2006-03-15 Apparatus for gas-dynamic applying coatings an method of coating

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1888803A1 EP1888803A1 (en) 2008-02-20
EP1888803A4 EP1888803A4 (en) 2011-03-09
EP1888803B1 true EP1888803B1 (en) 2014-12-17

Family

ID=37431485

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06733241.1A Not-in-force EP1888803B1 (en) 2005-05-20 2006-03-15 Apparatus for gas-dynamic applying coatings and method of coating

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1888803B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP5184347B2 (zh)
CN (1) CN100572584C (zh)
EA (1) EA011084B1 (zh)
RU (1) RU2288970C1 (zh)
WO (1) WO2006123965A1 (zh)

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RU2353705C2 (ru) * 2006-11-27 2009-04-27 Институт теоретической и прикладной механики им. С.А. Христиановича СО РАН (ИТПМ СО РАН) Способ газодинамического напыления порошковых материалов и устройство для его реализации
BE1017673A3 (fr) * 2007-07-05 2009-03-03 Fib Services Internat Procede et dispositif de projection de matiere pulverulente dans un gaz porteur.
US9168546B2 (en) 2008-12-12 2015-10-27 National Research Council Of Canada Cold gas dynamic spray apparatus, system and method
RU2399694C1 (ru) 2008-12-29 2010-09-20 Учреждение Российской академии наук Институт теоретической и прикладной механики им. С.А. Христиановича Сибирского отделения РАН (ИТПМ СО РАН) Способ газодинамической обработки поверхности порошковым материалом и устройство для его реализации
US10119195B2 (en) 2009-12-04 2018-11-06 The Regents Of The University Of Michigan Multichannel cold spray apparatus
EP2506981B1 (en) 2009-12-04 2018-02-14 The Regents Of The University Of Michigan Coaxial laser assisted cold spray nozzle
JP2011240314A (ja) * 2010-05-21 2011-12-01 Kobe Steel Ltd コールドスプレー装置
MD522Z (ro) * 2011-12-14 2013-01-31 Институт Прикладной Физики Академии Наук Молдовы Procedeu de aplicare a marcajului de identificare pe obiecte materiale dure
CN102748332B (zh) * 2012-06-28 2015-05-06 北京工业大学 一种具有温度恢复功能的减压装置
CN102744173B (zh) * 2012-07-05 2015-05-27 西安交通大学 一种固体颗粒预旋掺混气动加速装置及方法
KR101346238B1 (ko) 2012-10-19 2014-01-03 국방과학연구소 저온 분사 코팅을 이용한 성형작약탄 라이너의 기공경사 반응성 코팅 형성방법 및 이에 따라 제조된 고반응성 코팅층을 갖는 성형작약탄의 라이너
RU2532653C2 (ru) * 2012-10-29 2014-11-10 Открытое акционерное общество "558 Авиационный ремонтный завод" (ОАО "558 АРЗ") Способ получения антифрикционного восстановительного покрытия на стальном изделии (варианты)
SK500432013A3 (sk) * 2013-09-18 2015-04-01 Ga Drilling, A. S. Tvorba paženia vrtu nanášaním vrstiev materiálu pomocou kinetického naprašovania a zariadenie na jeho vykonávanie
RU2572953C1 (ru) * 2014-06-20 2016-01-20 Российская Федерация, от имени которой выступает Государственная корпорация по атомной энергии "Росатом" Алюминиевый элемент токопровода и способ его получения
CN106525627B (zh) * 2016-10-10 2020-04-07 南京航空航天大学 一种超音速喷砂枪
CN110300815A (zh) * 2017-02-03 2019-10-01 日产自动车株式会社 滑动构件、和内燃机的滑动构件
WO2018157155A1 (en) * 2017-02-27 2018-08-30 Arconic Inc. Multi-component alloy products and the methods of making thereof
JP6960564B1 (ja) * 2020-03-05 2021-11-05 タツタ電線株式会社 スプレーノズル、及び溶射装置

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EA200702536A1 (ru) 2008-04-28
EA011084B1 (ru) 2008-12-30
EP1888803A1 (en) 2008-02-20
CN100572584C (zh) 2009-12-23
WO2006123965A1 (en) 2006-11-23
RU2288970C1 (ru) 2006-12-10
JP5184347B2 (ja) 2013-04-17
JP2008540115A (ja) 2008-11-20
EP1888803A4 (en) 2011-03-09
CN101208447A (zh) 2008-06-25

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