EP1888803B1 - Apparatus for gas-dynamic applying coatings and method of coating - Google Patents
Apparatus for gas-dynamic applying coatings and method of coating Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1888803B1 EP1888803B1 EP06733241.1A EP06733241A EP1888803B1 EP 1888803 B1 EP1888803 B1 EP 1888803B1 EP 06733241 A EP06733241 A EP 06733241A EP 1888803 B1 EP1888803 B1 EP 1888803B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- nozzle
- powder
- throat
- gas
- powders
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Not-in-force
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/02—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of pressure only
- C23C24/04—Impact or kinetic deposition of particles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
- B05B7/14—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas designed for spraying particulate materials
- B05B7/1481—Spray pistols or apparatus for discharging particulate material
- B05B7/1486—Spray pistols or apparatus for discharging particulate material for spraying particulate material in dry state
Definitions
- This invention relates to the technology of applying coatings to the surfaces, and in particular, to gas-dynamic methods of applying coatings with the use of an inorganic powder. It can be used in different branches of mechanical engineering, particularly for the restoration of the shape and dimension of metal parts, for the manufacturing and repair of metal parts to improve their impermeability or corrosion resistance or heat resistance or other property.
- Gas-dynamic spray methods are the effective techniques for producing metal and mixed metal - ceramic coatings by the treating the substrate by a high - velocity jet of fine solid particles. In these methods the particles are accelerated in the high velocity gas stream by the drag effect. Only compressed gases, predominantly air, are used for particle acceleration without using any combustible.
- a coating is applied by introducing metal powders into a compressed gas flow, accelerating the gas-powder mixture in a supersonic nozzle (a de Laval type nozzle) and directing the accelerated powder particles to the substrate.
- the accelerated particles impinge on the substrate while having kinetic energy sufficient for adhering to the substrate surface.
- the coatings are produced with powder particles having a particle size of from 1 to 50 microns. The powder particles neither melt nor begin to soften prior to impingement on the substrate and adhere to the substrate when their kinetic energy is transformed to a sufficient mechanical deformation.
- the main disadvantages of these methods are due to a powder is injected into the heated compressed gas flow prior to passage through the de Laval nozzle throat. Because the heated main gas flow (gas stream) is under high pressure, an injection of the powder requires expensive and complicated high pressure powder delivery (powder supply) systems. The powder particles and heated main gas both must pass through the throat of the nozzle, and the particles often stick to the walls of a diverging portion and a throat of the nozzle and clog the nozzle. This requires a complete shutdown of the system and cleaning of the nozzle. As a result, the gas temperature must be sufficiently low - such that no softening and sticking of the particles to the nozzle walls take place. That temperature often turns out to be insufficient for effective coating. Besides, when using the powders with hard particles, a considerable wear of the nozzle throat occurs, causing the early destroying of the nozzle.
- the powder particles do not pass through the nozzle throat. This allows the gas temperature to be increased with no fear that the particles will stick to the walls of the nozzle and clog or plug the nozzle throat. Since the velocity of the gas flow accelerating the powder particles is roughly proportional to the square root of the gas temperature, an increase of the gas temperature results in an increase of the velocity gained by the powder particles in the nozzle, and so, in an increase of the probability of their adherence to the substrate surface upon impingement. Thus, it has been possible to increase the efficiency of particle deposition.
- the apparatus comprises a compressed gas heater; a supersonic nozzle (the de Laval nozzle) directly connected to the compressed gas heater and comprising a throat positioned between a converging portion and a diverging portion of the nozzle; a unit for supplying powders into the nozzle, the powder being introduced (injected) into the nozzle downstream of the nozzle throat.
- a supersonic nozzle the de Laval nozzle
- the powder particles do not pass through the nozzle throat, and hence, they do not wear its walls. This allows the use of the powders with hard ceramic particles. Moreover, since in the supersonic portion (positioned downstream of the throat), the gas temperature is significantly lower than in the subsonic portion (positioned in front of the throat) and in the nozzle throat, the apparatus allows to increase the compressed gas temperature without nozzle clogging by the particle sticking to the nozzle walls.
- EP 1 445 033 discloses a kinetic spray tin coating process that enables the coating to withstand severe bending and stress without delamination.
- the method includes use of a low pressure kinetic spray supersonic nozzle having a throat located between a converging region and a diverging region.
- a main gas temperature is raised to from 1000 to 1300 degrees Fahrenheit and the coating particles are directly injected into the diverging region of the nozzle at a point after the throat.
- the particles are entrained in the flow of the gas and accelerated to a velocity sufficient to result in partial melting of the particles upon impact on a substrate positioned opposite the nozzle and adherence of the particles to the substrate.
- a nozzle having a throat diameter of 1.5 to 3 mm, a diverging region with a length of 100 to 400 mm, and an exit end with a long dimension of 8 to 14 mm and a short dimension of 2 to 6 mm. It is taught to inject the particles into the diverging region at a distance of 12.7 mm to 127 mm from the throat.
- the object of present invention is an increase of sprayed powder deposition efficiency with the retention of the possibility to increase the compressed gas temperature and to use powders with hard particles.
- the given object is accomplished by the fact that in the prior art apparatus for gas-dynamic applying coatings, comprising a compressed gas heater, a supersonic nozzle (the de Laval nozzle), directly connected to the gas heater and having a throat positioned between a converging portion and a diverging portion, a unit for supplying powders into the nozzle, wherein the powder injection components are placed down-stream of the nozzle throat, the unit for supplying powders into the nozzle has one or more powder feeders connected through conduits to the components for injection of one or more powders into the nozzle, and a nozzle portion positioned downstream of the powder injection components and intended for acceleration of the powders is made having parameters to suit the following relation: 0.015 ⁇ B • Sout / Sinj - 1 / L ⁇ 0.03 where
- the nozzle can have a round or rectangular cross-section.
- the nozzle portion intended for powder acceleration can be made as a replaceable element.
- it can be continuously divergent or have one or more cylindrical sections.
- the components for injection powders into the nozzle can be made as an orifice (orifices) in the nozzle wall or in the form of the tubes passing through the nozzle throat with the outlets being positioned downstream of (behind) the throat; with this, two or more components for injection powders can be made so as to ensure the powder supply equidistant from the nozzle throat.
- each feeder can be connected to its component for injection the powder into the nozzle.
- two or more feeders can be connected to the same component for injection the powder into the nozzle.
- the compressed gas heating can be provided by electric heater.
- the given object can also be accomplished if in the prior art method of gas-dynamic applying coatings, comprising heating a compressed gas; supplying it into a supersonic nozzle (the de Laval nozzle) having a throat positioned between a converging portion and a diverging portion; forming a supersonic gas flow in the nozzle; injection a powder into the supersonic gas flow downstream of the nozzle throat (behind the throat); accelerating the powder by the gas flow in the nozzle; directing said accelerated powder to the substrate surface; and forming a coating, the powder is injected into the supersonic gas flow downstream of the throat, said powder comprising the particles of one or more substances, one of which being a metal and/or an alloy, the gas flow downstream of the nozzle throat being formed to suit the following relation: 0.015 ⁇ B ⁇ Sout / Sinj - 1 / L ⁇ 0.03 , where
- a metal powder, and/or a mechanical mixture of ceramic and metal powders is employed as a powder for forming the coating, or several powders of different hardness are injected into the supersonic flow at the same time, a ceramic powder being employed as one of the powders.
- the particle size of the powders used, both metal and ceramic ones, ranges from 1 to 100 micrometers.
- the gist of the present invention resides in the following.
- a coating is formed by the separate particles, which upon impingement on the base are adhered to its surface basically due to the transformation of their kinetic energy to bonding energy.
- the possibility of the particle adherence to the surface depends mainly on their velocity.
- the powder particles injected into a gas flow necessarily have a velocity component directed across the flow.
- This velocity component arises both straight on introduction of the particles into the flow and in subsequent stages of particle trajectory evolution in the flow due to collision of the particles and their scattering by discontinuities of the flow.
- the acceleration of the particles in the nozzle is effected by a high-velocity gas flow directed along the nozzle axis. Therefore, practically straight after introduction of the powder particles into the accelerated gas flow, a transverse component of powders velocity becomes much less than the longitudinal one (directed along the gas flow).
- it exists and is assumed by the authors to be of considerable importance The point is that the particles whose velocity is not directed strictly along the nozzle axis can impinge on the nozzle walls, and naturally, lose some of their longitudinal velocity.
- near the nozzle walls there is always a boundary gas layer the velocity of which is sufficiently lower than that of the main gas flow.
- the particles having a transverse velocity component can get into this boundary layer and slow down therein.
- Fig.1 is a structural arrangement of the claimed apparatus
- Fig.2 is a schematic illustration of the supersonic nozzle.
- the apparatus comprises a compressed gas heater 1, a nozzle 2 with a nozzle throat 3, a powder supply unit comprising powder feeders 4 and powder injection components 5 connected to the feeders by means of pipes 6, a nozzle acceleration portion 7 positioned downstream of the powder injection components up to the nozzle outlet and made, for instance, as a replaceable element 8 ( Fig.2 ) also comprising a cylindrical section 9 ( Fig.2 ).
- a compressed gas is delivered to the heater 1 to be heated to the required temperature.
- the heated gas enters the supersonic nozzle 2, wherein it sequentially passes through a converging portion, the throat 3 and a diverging portion of the nozzle, and accelerates up to a supersonic velocity.
- the powders to be sprayed are introduced into this supersonic gas flow through the powder injection components 5.
- the powder particles are accelerated by a high-velocity gas flow at the nozzle acceleration portion 7 and then they are directed to the substrate surface.
- the nozzle can have a round or rectangular cross-section.
- the nozzle acceleration portion can be made, in full or in part, as a replaceable element 8 ( Fig.2 ). In this case, the nozzle portion worn by the hard particles can be easily replaced.
- the nozzle acceleration portion can be made, in full or in part, divergent.
- its acceleration portion can have one or more cylindrical sections 9 ( Fig.2 ).
- one or more components for powder injection can be made as orifices ( Fig.1 ) in the nozzle wall or as the tubes passing through the nozzle throat ( Fig.2 ).
- Two or more powder injection components can be made so as to ensure the powder supply equidistant from the nozzle throat ( Fig.1 ).
- each feeder can be connected to separate powder injection component.
- Two or more powder feeders can be connected to the same powder injection component to simplify the apparatus structure ( Fig.1 ).
- the compressed gas heater can be electrical.
- Table 1 presents the results of coating weights measurements.
- the temperature of compressed air was 370°C. In all the cases, the same quantity of the powder was used, comprising:
- Table 2 presents other results of coating weights measurements.
- the same quantity of the powder was used, comprising the particles of aluminum (60%, wt.) and aluminum oxide (40%, wt.).
- the temperature of compressed gas was as follows: a) 370°C, b) 450°C, and c) 520°C.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Nozzles (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
Description
- This invention relates to the technology of applying coatings to the surfaces, and in particular, to gas-dynamic methods of applying coatings with the use of an inorganic powder. It can be used in different branches of mechanical engineering, particularly for the restoration of the shape and dimension of metal parts, for the manufacturing and repair of metal parts to improve their impermeability or corrosion resistance or heat resistance or other property.
- Gas-dynamic spray methods are the effective techniques for producing metal and mixed metal - ceramic coatings by the treating the substrate by a high - velocity jet of fine solid particles. In these methods the particles are accelerated in the high velocity gas stream by the drag effect. Only compressed gases, predominantly air, are used for particle acceleration without using any combustible.
- Known in the art is a method and apparatus for applying coatings [
U.S. Pat. No. 5,302,414 issued 1994 ]. With this method, a coating is applied by introducing metal powders into a compressed gas flow, accelerating the gas-powder mixture in a supersonic nozzle (a de Laval type nozzle) and directing the accelerated powder particles to the substrate. The accelerated particles impinge on the substrate while having kinetic energy sufficient for adhering to the substrate surface. The coatings are produced with powder particles having a particle size of from 1 to 50 microns. The powder particles neither melt nor begin to soften prior to impingement on the substrate and adhere to the substrate when their kinetic energy is transformed to a sufficient mechanical deformation. - The improvement of this method and apparatus [
U.S. Pat. No. 6,139,913 issued 2000 andU.S. Pat. No. 6,283,386 issued 2001 ] includes the proper choice of the gas flow cross-section to allow for the formation of coatings by particles having a particle size up to 106 microns. - The main disadvantages of these methods are due to a powder is injected into the heated compressed gas flow prior to passage through the de Laval nozzle throat. Because the heated main gas flow (gas stream) is under high pressure, an injection of the powder requires expensive and complicated high pressure powder delivery (powder supply) systems. The powder particles and heated main gas both must pass through the throat of the nozzle, and the particles often stick to the walls of a diverging portion and a throat of the nozzle and clog the nozzle. This requires a complete shutdown of the system and cleaning of the nozzle. As a result, the gas temperature must be sufficiently low - such that no softening and sticking of the particles to the nozzle walls take place. That temperature often turns out to be insufficient for effective coating. Besides, when using the powders with hard particles, a considerable wear of the nozzle throat occurs, causing the early destroying of the nozzle.
- The further prior art methods of coating [
U.S. Pat. No. 6,756,073 issued 2004 ;RU 2205897, 2001 RU 2100474, 1997 U.S. Pat. No. 6,402,050 issued 2002] are free of these drawbacks. These inventions use a supersonic nozzle, and a preheated compressed gas is supplied to this nozzle. The gas, when passing through a converging portion, a throat and a diverging portion of the nozzle, accelerates and forms a supersonic flow in the nozzle. At the point following the nozzle throat (downstream of the throat), the powder particles are introduced into said flow. They are accelerated by the supersonic gas flow and directed to a surface of the base (substrate). - In these methods the powder particles do not pass through the nozzle throat. This allows the gas temperature to be increased with no fear that the particles will stick to the walls of the nozzle and clog or plug the nozzle throat. Since the velocity of the gas flow accelerating the powder particles is roughly proportional to the square root of the gas temperature, an increase of the gas temperature results in an increase of the velocity gained by the powder particles in the nozzle, and so, in an increase of the probability of their adherence to the substrate surface upon impingement. Thus, it has been possible to increase the efficiency of particle deposition.
- But, due to the fact that the powder is introduced only downstream of the nozzle throat, the entire length of the nozzle portion available for the powder particle acceleration is considerably reduced. The reduced accelerating distance diminishes the growth of coating deposition efficiency which could be achieved owing to the increase in the gas temperature.
- The most similar to the claimed solution is an apparatus and method reported in
CA 2270260, 2004 . The apparatus comprises a compressed gas heater; a supersonic nozzle (the de Laval nozzle) directly connected to the compressed gas heater and comprising a throat positioned between a converging portion and a diverging portion of the nozzle; a unit for supplying powders into the nozzle, the powder being introduced (injected) into the nozzle downstream of the nozzle throat. - In this apparatus, the powder particles do not pass through the nozzle throat, and hence, they do not wear its walls. This allows the use of the powders with hard ceramic particles. Moreover, since in the supersonic portion (positioned downstream of the throat), the gas temperature is significantly lower than in the subsonic portion (positioned in front of the throat) and in the nozzle throat, the apparatus allows to increase the compressed gas temperature without nozzle clogging by the particle sticking to the nozzle walls.
- Nevertheless, due to the shift of the powder injection point downstream of the nozzle throat (i.e. powder introduction inside the nozzle rather than in front of it), the length of the nozzle portion available for particle acceleration is reduced. As a result, the final powder particle velocity reduces followed by the decrease of sprayed powder deposition efficiency.
- Further information pertaining to the prior art can be found in
EP 1 445 033 - The object of present invention is an increase of sprayed powder deposition efficiency with the retention of the possibility to increase the compressed gas temperature and to use powders with hard particles.
- The given object is accomplished by the fact that in the prior art apparatus for gas-dynamic applying coatings, comprising a compressed gas heater, a supersonic nozzle (the de Laval nozzle), directly connected to the gas heater and having a throat positioned between a converging portion and a diverging portion, a unit for supplying powders into the nozzle, wherein the powder injection components are placed down-stream of the nozzle throat, the unit for supplying powders into the nozzle has one or more powder feeders connected through conduits to the components for injection of one or more powders into the nozzle, and a nozzle portion positioned downstream of the powder injection components and intended for acceleration of the powders is made having parameters to suit the following relation:
where - Sout - the area of the nozzle cross-section at the outlet;
- Sinj - the area of the nozzle cross-section at the location of the powder injection components;
- L - the length of the nozzle portion intended for acceleration of the powders;
- B - the minimal dimension of the nozzle cross-section at the location of the powder injection components.
- Depending on a shape and composition of the surface being treated and on the task to be accomplished upon coating, the nozzle can have a round or rectangular cross-section.
- For the convenience during practical application of the apparatus, the nozzle portion intended for powder acceleration (acceleration portion) can be made as a replaceable element. In this case, it can be continuously divergent or have one or more cylindrical sections. The components for injection powders into the nozzle can be made as an orifice (orifices) in the nozzle wall or in the form of the tubes passing through the nozzle throat with the outlets being positioned downstream of (behind) the throat; with this, two or more components for injection powders can be made so as to ensure the powder supply equidistant from the nozzle throat.
- To provide an easy change in the composition of a powder being sprayed, each feeder can be connected to its component for injection the powder into the nozzle. To simplify the construction, two or more feeders can be connected to the same component for injection the powder into the nozzle. For the convenience of apparatus practical use the compressed gas heating can be provided by electric heater.
-
- Sout - the area of the nozzle cross-section at the outlet;
- Sinj - the area of the nozzle cross-section at the location of the powder injection components;
- L - the length of the nozzle portion intended for acceleration of the powders;
- B - the minimal dimension of the nozzle cross-section at the location of the powder injection components,
- The given object can also be accomplished if in the prior art method of gas-dynamic applying coatings, comprising heating a compressed gas; supplying it into a supersonic nozzle (the de Laval nozzle) having a throat positioned between a converging portion and a diverging portion; forming a supersonic gas flow in the nozzle; injection a powder into the supersonic gas flow downstream of the nozzle throat (behind the throat); accelerating the powder by the gas flow in the nozzle; directing said accelerated powder to the substrate surface; and forming a coating, the powder is injected into the supersonic gas flow downstream of the throat, said powder comprising the particles of one or more substances, one of which being a metal and/or an alloy, the gas flow downstream of the nozzle throat being formed to suit the following relation:
where - Sout - the area of the gas flow cross-section at the nozzle outlet;
- Sinj - the area of the gas flow cross-section at the point of powder injection;
- L - the length of the gas flow in the nozzle from the powder injection point to the nozzle outlet;
- B - the minimal dimension of the gas flow cross-section at the point of powder injection.
- Depending on the coating properties required, a metal powder, and/or a mechanical mixture of ceramic and metal powders is employed as a powder for forming the coating, or several powders of different hardness are injected into the supersonic flow at the same time, a ceramic powder being employed as one of the powders. The particle size of the powders used, both metal and ceramic ones, ranges from 1 to 100 micrometers.
- The gist of the present invention resides in the following.
- Upon gas-dynamic spraying of powder materials, a coating is formed by the separate particles, which upon impingement on the base are adhered to its surface basically due to the transformation of their kinetic energy to bonding energy.
- Therefore, the possibility of the particle adherence to the surface depends mainly on their velocity. The higher is the velocity of each particular particle, the higher is the possibility of its adherence to the substrate surface, and hence, the higher is powder spraying efficiency (deposition efficiency) as a whole.
- In all apparatuses for gas-dynamic applying coatings of powder materials the particles are accelerated in the high velocity gas flow by the drag effect. Accelerating Stokes force is proportional to the difference of the velocity of gas flow and that of the particles. For a limited acceleration time the particles never run up to the velocity of a gas flow and always lag behind it. The longer the particle is in the gas flow, the less is its lag, i.e. a velocity of the particle approaches that of gas.
- It would seem obvious that one should elongate, as far as possible, a nozzle portion intended for acceleration of powder particles (an acceleration portion which is a nozzle portion extending from the point of powder injection up to the nozzle outlet). In that case, the particles move in the gas flow longer, and hence, they are accelerated to higher velocity.
- In practice, it turned out to be not nearly so. A gradual increase in the length of the nozzle acceleration portion initially results in an increase in the particle velocity and greater efficiency of spraying the powder onto the substrate. However, on further increase in the length of the acceleration portion, the decrease of particle deposition efficiency is observed.
- At first sight, this could be attributed to retardation of the gas flow due to the gas flow friction on the nozzle walls. In fact, in the apparatuses for gas-dynamic spraying, highly extended nozzles are commonly used whose length is dozens of times greater than the nozzle cross-sectional dimensions. In this case, retardation of gas in the nozzle can be sufficient, and under gas deceleration below the particle velocity, the particles start to be retarded instead of being accelerated.
- However, in actual practice it has been found that with increasing the length of the nozzle acceleration portion, the decrease of the deposition efficiency begins well before sufficient deceleration of gas in the nozzle. That is, with some extension of the nozzle acceleration portion, the velocity of gas in the nozzle remains much above that of the particles. So with such extension of the nozzle acceleration portion the powder particles in the nozzle must acquire higher velocity. But in practice, the actual spraying efficiency unexpectedly decreases.
- This effect can be explained by the following.
- The powder particles injected into a gas flow necessarily have a velocity component directed across the flow. This velocity component arises both straight on introduction of the particles into the flow and in subsequent stages of particle trajectory evolution in the flow due to collision of the particles and their scattering by discontinuities of the flow. The acceleration of the particles in the nozzle is effected by a high-velocity gas flow directed along the nozzle axis. Therefore, practically straight after introduction of the powder particles into the accelerated gas flow, a transverse component of powders velocity becomes much less than the longitudinal one (directed along the gas flow). However, it exists and is assumed by the authors to be of considerable importance. The point is that the particles whose velocity is not directed strictly along the nozzle axis can impinge on the nozzle walls, and naturally, lose some of their longitudinal velocity. Besides, near the nozzle walls there is always a boundary gas layer the velocity of which is sufficiently lower than that of the main gas flow. The particles having a transverse velocity component can get into this boundary layer and slow down therein.
- At the same statistical dispersion of transverse velocities of the particles, a probability that the particles get into a near-wall area of the nozzle increases with reducing the nozzle cross-section and increasing its length. As a consequence, the observed effect turned out to be connected not only with the nozzle length but with the cross section of its acceleration portion and with the degree of its divergence (increase of cross-sectional area of the nozzle in the direction of the gas flow).
- Thus, with extending the nozzle acceleration portion, two processes take place at one time. Firstly, there is an increase in the velocity of the particles that have not impinged on the nozzle walls. Secondly, there is an increase in the number of the particles that have reached the near-wall area and partially lost the velocity upon the impingement on the nozzle walls or upon deceleration in the gas boundary layer.
- As a result, with increasing the length of the nozzle, the maximal velocity of the particles in the nozzle increases, whereas the ratio of these high-velocity particles in the overall flow of the particles goes down. Consequently, as the nozzle is made longer, first, an average velocity of the particles increases and then it slows down.
- In practice, this effect manifests itself through a variation in powder deposition efficiency. In the process, the powder deposition efficiency varies only slightly over a definite range of the nozzle acceleration portion length. In this range, the processes of the particle acceleration by the gas flow and deceleration in the near-wall area of the nozzle are approximately equalized, and so, there is only slight variation in the powder deposition efficiency.
- Numerous experiments have shown that this effect of equalizing the particle acceleration and deceleration processes is achieved by the choice of a definite geometric parameters of the nozzle acceleration portion, and namely,
-
- Sout - the area of the gas flow cross-section at the nozzle outlet;
- Sinj - the area of the gas flow cross-section at the point of powder injection;
- L - the length of the gas flow in the nozzle from the powder injection point to the nozzle outlet;
- B - the minimal dimension of the gas flow cross-section at the point of powder injection.
- When the nozzle's parameters were beyond the bounds of the said limits, the decrease of the deposition efficiency was observed. In particular, with fixed values of the minimal cross-sectional dimension and cross-sectional area of the nozzle, excessively short and excessively long nozzles offered lower deposition efficiency than those whose length was kept within the said range.
- The indicated features have not been revealed in other engineering solutions on studying the prior art. Thus, the claimed solution meets the inventive criterion and inventive step.
- The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which
Fig.1 is a structural arrangement of the claimed apparatus andFig.2 is a schematic illustration of the supersonic nozzle. The apparatus comprises acompressed gas heater 1, anozzle 2 with anozzle throat 3, a powder supply unit comprisingpowder feeders 4 andpowder injection components 5 connected to the feeders by means ofpipes 6, anozzle acceleration portion 7 positioned downstream of the powder injection components up to the nozzle outlet and made, for instance, as a replaceable element 8 (Fig.2 ) also comprising a cylindrical section 9 (Fig.2 ). - In operation, a compressed gas is delivered to the
heater 1 to be heated to the required temperature. The heated gas enters thesupersonic nozzle 2, wherein it sequentially passes through a converging portion, thethroat 3 and a diverging portion of the nozzle, and accelerates up to a supersonic velocity. The powders to be sprayed are introduced into this supersonic gas flow through thepowder injection components 5. The powder particles are accelerated by a high-velocity gas flow at thenozzle acceleration portion 7 and then they are directed to the substrate surface. - Depending on a shape and composition of the surface being treated and on the task to be accomplished upon coating, the nozzle can have a round or rectangular cross-section.
- For the use of the powders of hard substances (in particular, ceramic particles), the nozzle acceleration portion can be made, in full or in part, as a replaceable element 8 (
Fig.2 ). In this case, the nozzle portion worn by the hard particles can be easily replaced. - To compensate for retardation of the gas flow against the nozzle walls, the nozzle acceleration portion can be made, in full or in part, divergent.
- For simplification of the nozzle construction, its acceleration portion can have one or more cylindrical sections 9 (
Fig.2 ). - Depending on the particular structure of the nozzle, one or more components for powder injection can be made as orifices (
Fig.1 ) in the nozzle wall or as the tubes passing through the nozzle throat (Fig.2 ). Two or more powder injection components can be made so as to ensure the powder supply equidistant from the nozzle throat (Fig.1 ). - To provide an easy change of the powder being sprayed, each feeder can be connected to separate powder injection component. Two or more powder feeders can be connected to the same powder injection component to simplify the apparatus structure (
Fig.1 ). - For the convenience of apparatus practical use the compressed gas heater can be electrical.
- The present invention is illustrated by the following specific examples given in Table 1 and Table2 below.
- Table 1 presents the results of coating weights measurements. The coatings were sprayed with the round nozzles of different length at constant values of B=3.6 mm, Sinj = 10 mm2 and Sout = 18 mm2. The temperature of compressed air was 370°C. In all the cases, the same quantity of the powder was used, comprising:
- a) aluminum (60%, wt.) and aluminum oxide (40%, wt.) particles,
- b) copper (70%, wt.) and aluminum oxide (30%, wt.) particles,
- c) zinc (60%, wt.) and aluminum oxide (40%, wt.) particles.
- Table 2 presents other results of coating weights measurements. The coatings were sprayed with rectangular nozzles of different length with constant values of B = 3.6 mm, Sinj = 15 mm2 and Sout = 30 mm2. In all the cases, the same quantity of the powder was used, comprising the particles of aluminum (60%, wt.) and aluminum oxide (40%, wt.). The temperature of compressed gas was as follows: a) 370°C, b) 450°C, and c) 520°C.
Table 2 L, mm 200 180 160 140 120 100 B· (Sout/Sinj -1)/L 0.015 0.017 0.019 0.021 0.025 0.03 Coating mass, g 7 8 10 10 9 8 Coating mass, g 12 13 13 13 12 10 Coating mass, g 16 17 18 18 15 12 - In both cases compressed gas was an air under pressure of 7 bars.
- Both tables demonstrate that as the dimensions relation approaches the limiting values, the coating mass diminishes, indicating the decrease of the powder deposition efficiency.
L, mm | 190 | 170 | 150 | 130 | 110 | 90 | |
B·(Sout/Si nj -1)/L | 0.015 | 0.017 | 0.019 | 0.022 | 0.026 | 0.03 | |
Coating mass, g | 12 | 14 | 15 | 15 | 13 | 11 | |
Coating mass, g | 16 | 18 | 19 | 19 | 17 | 14 | |
Coating mass, g | 11 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 12 | 11 |
Claims (18)
- An apparatus for gas-dynamic applying coatings comprising:a compressed gas heater (1);a supersonic nozzle (2) directly connected to the gas heater and having a throat (3) positioned between a converging portion and a diverging portion; anda powder supply unit for supplying powders into the nozzle, the powder supply unit comprising powder injection components (5) placed downstream of the nozzle throat and one or more powder feeders (4) connected through conduits to the components for injection of one or more powders into the nozzle,
whereinthe nozzle has a nozzle acceleration portion (7) extending from the powder injection components to an outlet of the nozzle, the nozzle acceleration portion being intended for acceleration of the powders;characterized in thatthe nozzle acceleration portion has parameters to suit the following relation:
whereSout is the area of the nozzle cross-section at the outlet;Sinj is the area of the nozzle cross-section at the location of the powder injection components;L is the length of the nozzle acceleration portion;B is the minimal dimension of the nozzle cross-section at the location of the powder injection components. - An apparatus according to claim 1 characterized in that the supersonic nozzle has a round cross-section.
- An apparatus according to claim 1 characterized in that the supersonic nozzle has a rectangular cross-section.
- An apparatus according to claim 1 characterized in that the nozzle acceleration portion is made in the form of a replaceable element (8).
- An apparatus according to claim 1 characterized in that the nozzle acceleration portion is made divergent.
- An apparatus according to claim 1 characterized in that the nozzle acceleration portion has one or more cylindrical sections (9).
- An apparatus according to claim 1 characterized in that the powder injection components are made as orifices in the nozzle wall.
- An apparatus according to claim 1 characterized in that one or more powder injection components are made in the form of the tube (6) passing through the nozzle throat with the outlets being positioned downstream of the throat.
- An apparatus according to claim 1 characterized in that two or more powder injection components are made so as to ensure the powder injection equidistant from the nozzle throat.
- An apparatus according to claim 1 characterized in that each powder feeder is connected to its component for injection of the powder into the nozzle.
- An apparatus according to claim 1 characterized in that two or more powder feeders are connected to one component for injection of the powder into the nozzle.
- An apparatus according to claim 1 characterized in that the gas heater is made electrical.
- A method for gas-dynamic applying coatings using the apparatus of claim 1, comprising:heating of a compressed gas;supplying the heated gas into a supersonic nozzle (2) having a throat (3) positioned between a converging portion and a diverging portion;forming a supersonic gas flow in the nozzle;injecting a powder into the supersonic gas flow downstream of the nozzle throat;accelerating the injected powder by the gas flow in the nozzle;directing said accelerated powder to the substrate surface; andforming a coating, whereinthe powder, having the particles of one or more substances, one of which being a metal and/or an alloy, is injected into the supersonic gas flow downstream of the throat.
- A method according to claim 13 characterized in that a mechanical mixture of ceramic and metal powders is employed as the powder sprayed.
- A method according to claim 13 characterized in that several powders having particles of different hardness are injected into the supersonic flow at the same time.
- A method according to claim 13 characterized in that a ceramic powder is employed as one of the powders.
- A method according to claim 14 characterized in that metal powders with the particle size from 1 to 100 microns are employed as the metal powder.
- A method according to claim 16 characterized in that the powders of a particle size from 1 to 100 microns are employed as the ceramic powder.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
RU2005115327/02A RU2288970C1 (en) | 2005-05-20 | 2005-05-20 | Device for the gas-dynamic deposition of the coatings and the method for the gas-dynamic deposition of the coatings |
PCT/RU2006/000116 WO2006123965A1 (en) | 2005-05-20 | 2006-03-15 | Apparatus for gas-dynamic applying coatings an method of coating |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1888803A1 EP1888803A1 (en) | 2008-02-20 |
EP1888803A4 EP1888803A4 (en) | 2011-03-09 |
EP1888803B1 true EP1888803B1 (en) | 2014-12-17 |
Family
ID=37431485
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP06733241.1A Not-in-force EP1888803B1 (en) | 2005-05-20 | 2006-03-15 | Apparatus for gas-dynamic applying coatings and method of coating |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1888803B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5184347B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN100572584C (en) |
EA (1) | EA011084B1 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2288970C1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2006123965A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20060275554A1 (en) * | 2004-08-23 | 2006-12-07 | Zhibo Zhao | High performance kinetic spray nozzle |
RU2353705C2 (en) * | 2006-11-27 | 2009-04-27 | Институт теоретической и прикладной механики им. С.А. Христиановича СО РАН (ИТПМ СО РАН) | Method ofgas-dynamic sputtering of powder materials and facility for its realisation |
BE1017673A3 (en) * | 2007-07-05 | 2009-03-03 | Fib Services Internat | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PROJECTING PULVERULENT MATERIAL INTO A CARRIER GAS. |
US9168546B2 (en) | 2008-12-12 | 2015-10-27 | National Research Council Of Canada | Cold gas dynamic spray apparatus, system and method |
RU2399694C1 (en) | 2008-12-29 | 2010-09-20 | Учреждение Российской академии наук Институт теоретической и прикладной механики им. С.А. Христиановича Сибирского отделения РАН (ИТПМ СО РАН) | Procedure for surface gas-dynamic processing with powder material and facility for its implementation |
US10119195B2 (en) | 2009-12-04 | 2018-11-06 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Multichannel cold spray apparatus |
EP2506981B1 (en) | 2009-12-04 | 2018-02-14 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Coaxial laser assisted cold spray nozzle |
JP2011240314A (en) * | 2010-05-21 | 2011-12-01 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Cold spray apparatus |
MD522Z (en) * | 2011-12-14 | 2013-01-31 | Институт Прикладной Физики Академии Наук Молдовы | Method for application of identification tag on solid material objects |
CN102748332B (en) * | 2012-06-28 | 2015-05-06 | 北京工业大学 | Pressure reducing device with temperature recovery function |
CN102744173B (en) * | 2012-07-05 | 2015-05-27 | 西安交通大学 | Solid particle pre-whirl mixing pneumatic acceleration device and method |
KR101346238B1 (en) | 2012-10-19 | 2014-01-03 | 국방과학연구소 | Method for manufacturing graded porous multiple layered reactive shaped charge liner by using kinetic spray coating, and graded porous multiple layered reactive shaped charge liner manufactured by the same |
RU2532653C2 (en) * | 2012-10-29 | 2014-11-10 | Открытое акционерное общество "558 Авиационный ремонтный завод" (ОАО "558 АРЗ") | Method for manufacturing of antifriction recovery coating at steel product (versions) |
SK500432013A3 (en) * | 2013-09-18 | 2015-04-01 | Ga Drilling, A. S. | Lining of borehole by depositing layers of material with help of kinetic sputtering and a device for carrying out thereof |
RU2572953C1 (en) * | 2014-06-20 | 2016-01-20 | Российская Федерация, от имени которой выступает Государственная корпорация по атомной энергии "Росатом" | Aluminium element of current distributor and method for its production |
CN106525627B (en) * | 2016-10-10 | 2020-04-07 | 南京航空航天大学 | Supersonic sand-blasting gun |
CN110300815A (en) * | 2017-02-03 | 2019-10-01 | 日产自动车株式会社 | The sliding component of sliding component and internal combustion engine |
WO2018157155A1 (en) * | 2017-02-27 | 2018-08-30 | Arconic Inc. | Multi-component alloy products and the methods of making thereof |
JP6960564B1 (en) * | 2020-03-05 | 2021-11-05 | タツタ電線株式会社 | Spray nozzle and thermal spraying device |
Family Cites Families (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2575678B1 (en) * | 1985-01-04 | 1988-06-03 | Saint Gobain Vitrage | PNEUMATIC POWDER EJECTOR |
JPH074523B2 (en) * | 1986-09-25 | 1995-01-25 | キヤノン株式会社 | Reactor |
RU4700U1 (en) * | 1995-11-29 | 1997-08-16 | Войсковая часть 34416 | DEVICE FOR GAS-DYNAMIC COATING SPRAY |
RU2100474C1 (en) * | 1996-11-18 | 1997-12-27 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Обнинский центр порошкового напыления" | Apparatus for gasodynamically applying coatings of powdered materials |
US6139913A (en) * | 1999-06-29 | 2000-10-31 | National Center For Manufacturing Sciences | Kinetic spray coating method and apparatus |
RU2181788C1 (en) * | 2000-08-08 | 2002-04-27 | Дикун Юрий Вениаминович | Method of producing composite materials and coats made from powders and device for realization of this method |
JP4628578B2 (en) * | 2001-04-12 | 2011-02-09 | トーカロ株式会社 | Low temperature sprayed coating coated member and method for producing the same |
DE10126100A1 (en) * | 2001-05-29 | 2002-12-05 | Linde Ag | Production of a coating or a molded part comprises injecting powdered particles in a gas stream only in the divergent section of a Laval nozzle, and applying the particles at a specified speed |
CN1161188C (en) * | 2001-09-05 | 2004-08-11 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Cold air driven spray painter |
JP3612568B2 (en) * | 2001-10-09 | 2005-01-19 | 独立行政法人物質・材料研究機構 | Metal film forming method and spraying apparatus by HVOF spray gun |
DE10222660A1 (en) * | 2002-05-22 | 2003-12-04 | Linde Ag | Flame spraying assembly is a Laval jet, with the tube for the spray particles axial and centrally within the outer jet body, outside the hot combustion chamber |
US6872427B2 (en) * | 2003-02-07 | 2005-03-29 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Method for producing electrical contacts using selective melting and a low pressure kinetic spray process |
RU2247174C2 (en) * | 2003-04-30 | 2005-02-27 | Институт теоретической и прикладной механики СО РАН | Apparatus for gasodynamic deposition of powder materials |
DE10319481A1 (en) * | 2003-04-30 | 2004-11-18 | Linde Ag | Laval nozzle use for cold gas spraying, includes convergent section and divergent section such that portion of divergent section of nozzle has bell-shaped contour |
-
2005
- 2005-05-20 RU RU2005115327/02A patent/RU2288970C1/en active IP Right Revival
-
2006
- 2006-03-15 CN CNB2006800231137A patent/CN100572584C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-03-15 JP JP2008512240A patent/JP5184347B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-03-15 EA EA200702536A patent/EA011084B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-03-15 EP EP06733241.1A patent/EP1888803B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2006-03-15 WO PCT/RU2006/000116 patent/WO2006123965A1/en active Application Filing
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EA200702536A1 (en) | 2008-04-28 |
EA011084B1 (en) | 2008-12-30 |
EP1888803A1 (en) | 2008-02-20 |
CN100572584C (en) | 2009-12-23 |
WO2006123965A1 (en) | 2006-11-23 |
RU2288970C1 (en) | 2006-12-10 |
JP5184347B2 (en) | 2013-04-17 |
JP2008540115A (en) | 2008-11-20 |
EP1888803A4 (en) | 2011-03-09 |
CN101208447A (en) | 2008-06-25 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP1888803B1 (en) | Apparatus for gas-dynamic applying coatings and method of coating | |
Shkodkin et al. | Metal particle deposition stimulation by surface abrasive treatment in gas dynamic spraying | |
EP1999297B1 (en) | Cold-gas spray gun | |
US6811812B2 (en) | Low pressure powder injection method and system for a kinetic spray process | |
EP1579921A2 (en) | Improved kinetic spray nozzle system design | |
US6623796B1 (en) | Method of producing a coating using a kinetic spray process with large particles and nozzles for the same | |
US20100143700A1 (en) | Cold spray impact deposition system and coating process | |
EP1630253A1 (en) | Continuous in-line manufacturing process for high speed coating deposition via kinetic spray process | |
WO2005072249A2 (en) | A modified high efficiency kinetic spray nozzle | |
EP1629899A1 (en) | Replaceable throat insert for a kinetic spray nozzle | |
EP1775026B1 (en) | Improved non-clogging powder injector for a kinetic spray nozzle system | |
US6872427B2 (en) | Method for producing electrical contacts using selective melting and a low pressure kinetic spray process | |
US6896933B2 (en) | Method of maintaining a non-obstructed interior opening in kinetic spray nozzles | |
EP2110178A1 (en) | Cold gas-dynamic spray nozzle | |
EP1508379B1 (en) | Gas collimator for a kinetic powder spray nozzle | |
EP1903126A1 (en) | Cold spray method | |
WO2007091102A1 (en) | Kinetic spraying apparatus and method | |
US20050079286A1 (en) | Method of applying coatings | |
DE10119288B4 (en) | Method and device for gas-dynamic coating of surfaces by means of sound nozzles | |
Shkodkin et al. | The basic principles of DYMET technology | |
RU2237746C1 (en) | Method and apparatus for gas-dynamic deposition of coating | |
CA2755921A1 (en) | Pulse cold gas dynamic spraying apparatus |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20071220 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR |
|
DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
A4 | Supplementary search report drawn up and despatched |
Effective date: 20110204 |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20130328 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R079 Ref document number: 602006044019 Country of ref document: DE Free format text: PREVIOUS MAIN CLASS: C23C0002040000 Ipc: H05H0001420000 |
|
GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
RIC1 | Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant |
Ipc: H05H 1/34 20060101ALI20140618BHEP Ipc: H05H 1/42 20060101AFI20140618BHEP Ipc: C23C 16/513 20060101ALI20140618BHEP |
|
RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: OBSCHESTVO S OGRANICHENNOI OTVETSTVENOSTIJU OBNINS |
|
INTG | Intention to grant announced |
Effective date: 20140707 |
|
GRAS | Grant fee paid |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: FG4D |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: EP |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: FG4D |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: AT Ref legal event code: REF Ref document number: 702625 Country of ref document: AT Kind code of ref document: T Effective date: 20150115 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R096 Ref document number: 602006044019 Country of ref document: DE Effective date: 20150129 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: NL Ref legal event code: T3 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20141217 Ref country code: FI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20141217 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: LT Ref legal event code: MG4D |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LV Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20141217 Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20141217 Ref country code: GR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20150318 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: AT Ref legal event code: MK05 Ref document number: 702625 Country of ref document: AT Kind code of ref document: T Effective date: 20141217 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: RO Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20141217 Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20141217 Ref country code: SK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20141217 Ref country code: EE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20141217 Ref country code: CZ Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20141217 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20141217 Ref country code: PL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20141217 Ref country code: IS Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20150417 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R097 Ref document number: 602006044019 Country of ref document: DE |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20150315 Ref country code: MC Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20141217 Ref country code: DK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20141217 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
26N | No opposition filed |
Effective date: 20150918 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20141217 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: MM4A |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20150331 Ref country code: IE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20150315 Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20150331 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20141217 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: PLFP Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20141217 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: PLFP Year of fee payment: 12 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: HU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT; INVALID AB INITIO Effective date: 20060315 Ref country code: BG Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20141217 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CY Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20141217 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: PT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20150417 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: TR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20141217 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: PLFP Year of fee payment: 13 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20210323 Year of fee payment: 16 Ref country code: NL Payment date: 20210319 Year of fee payment: 16 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20210326 Year of fee payment: 16 Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20210319 Year of fee payment: 16 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R119 Ref document number: 602006044019 Country of ref document: DE |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: NL Ref legal event code: MM Effective date: 20220401 |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20220315 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20220401 Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20220315 Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20220331 Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20221001 |