CN102748332B - Pressure reducing device with temperature recovery function - Google Patents
Pressure reducing device with temperature recovery function Download PDFInfo
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- CN102748332B CN102748332B CN201210219391.7A CN201210219391A CN102748332B CN 102748332 B CN102748332 B CN 102748332B CN 201210219391 A CN201210219391 A CN 201210219391A CN 102748332 B CN102748332 B CN 102748332B
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- straight length
- rafael nozzle
- pressure
- expanding section
- diffuser
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Abstract
The invention relates to a pressure reducing device with a temperature recovery function. The pressure reducing device is applied to occasions where high-pressure compressible fluid needs to be converted into low-pressure fluid through throttling, and obvious temperature reduction is not allowed to occur, and belongs to the field of energy conservation and utilization. The pressure reducing device comprises an intake flange (1), an intake straight section (2), a laval nozzle taper section (3), a laval nozzle divergent section (4), a straight section (5), a diffusion section (6), a discharge straight section (7) and a discharge flange (8) which are connected continuously. The device has very broad pressure reduction range, has a compact structure and no moving parts, and is not easy to crack or leak.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of novel, there is temperature return function, constant flow and have decompressor and the design method thereof of back pressure adaptive ability.Be mainly used in and need high pressure compressible fluid to become low-pressure fluid by throttling and the occasion not allowing to occur obvious temperature drop, belong to energy saving field.
Background technique
In the multiple process of manufacture such as petrochemical industry, energetics, gas conveying and process engineering, often need high pressure compressible fluid to be converted into low-pressure fluid, to meet the requirement of downstream production process.Such as, from the fluid of natural gas well extraction, often there is very high pressure, directly can not enter gathering system, have to pass through the pressure that it is reduced to gathering system permission by throttling process.For another example, in LNG Liquefied natural gas (LNG) vaporescence, the pressure that the rock gas throttling that vaporization produces must be allowed to gas transmission pipeline net work.At present, these throttling processes adopt throttle valve or J-T valve to carry out reduced pressure treatment usually, belong to adiabatic throttling category.Change relevant according to the temperature variation before and after thermodynamic principle adiabatic throttling with the pressure before and after throttling, choke pressure falls larger, and the temperature after throttling is fallen also larger.For the key component methane of rock gas, if by 40 DEG C, the methane of 16bar adopts current throttling method to be throttled to 4bar, then its temperature can drop to about-51 DEG C, and temperature drop amplitude is up to 91 DEG C.So large temperature drop is in most of the cases unallowed.And rock gas well head extraction gas, after so significantly temperature drop, due to the existence of the impurity such as moisture, can form gas hydrate, moisture wherein also can condense out and freezes, blocking pipe, the normal operation of influential system.Therefore, in order to ensure the normal operation of producing, cryogenic gas after throttling must be heated again, by the level that temperature return allows to production technology, and this often needs to consume a large amount of energy: as the temperature of 1kg methane returned to 40 DEG C before throttling from-51 DEG C by heating, then the heat that adds needed is about 192kJ.In addition mainly reaching antihypertensive effect by changing throttling sectional area or chock length to control fluid flow by throttle valve, can not compensate the speed instability caused by load variations.
In sum, in some occasions that specifically reduces pressure, adopt existing decompressor can produce many adverse effects, thus cause too much energy dissipation.Be necessary not only can produce required pressure drop but also ensure that the decompressor significantly changed can not occur for its flow and temperature characteristic for these unfavorable factor research is a kind of simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
The present invention relates to a kind of novel decompressor with temperature return function and design method.By considering the working principle of Laval jet pipe and diffuser pipe, high pressure compressible fluid can be made in low pressure transition process, while realizing obtaining required lower pressure, there is less temperature and fall and keep constant flow.The present invention adopts following technological scheme:
There is a decompressor for temperature return function, it comprise connect continuously inlet flange 1, entrance straight length 2, Rafael nozzle converging transition 3, Rafael nozzle gradually expanding section 4, straight length 5, diffuser 6, outlet straight length 7, outlet(discharge) flange 8.
Inlet flange 1 is connected with high-pressure liquid trunk line, inlet flange 1 connects one section of entrance straight length 2, entrance straight length 2 is connected to Rafael nozzle converging transition 3 below, what Rafael nozzle convergent 3 sections connected below is Rafael nozzle gradually expanding section 4, Rafael nozzle gradually expanding section 4 is connected to straight length 5 below, straight length 5 is connected to diffuser 6 below, and diffuser 6 is connected to straight length 7 below, and straight length 7 is connected with outlet(discharge) flange 8.
Described high pressure compressible fluid is raised speed, cooling, decompression the collapsible tube that reduces gradually for circulation area of Rafael nozzle converging transition 3, the sectional dimension of itself and Rafael nozzle gradually expanding section 4 joint is the minimum dimension of Rafael nozzle converging transition 3; Rafael nozzle gradually expanding section 4 adopts the Profile Design that its circulation area is increased gradually, fluid is flowed and reaches supersonic flow state, and be not less than 2 at the Mach number in Rafael nozzle gradually expanding section 4 outlet port; Straight length 5 makes fluid become subsonic speed from supersonic speed, and the length of straight length 5 is the limit pipe range under corresponding flowing state; Diffuser 6, it ensures that fluid temperature (F.T.) is restored, its diffuser pipe increased gradually for circulation area.
The primary features of this device:
1. the entrance of device adopts Flange joint and strictly will consider air-tight condition, and in order to make uniform stream stablize, also will there be one section of level and smooth straight length ingress.The determination of Laval nozzle throat needs to consider nozzle throat critical parameter as flow velocity and local velocity of sound etc.When inlet pressure is lower throat dimension determination can by perfect gas consider and when nozzle entry pressure is higher the design of nozzle throat can not consider by perfect gas, equation of state of real gas must be adopted to calculate.Jet pipe converging transition profile should be smooth, coordinate the relation of the convergence angle of the ratio of contraction ratio and nozzle inlet area and throat area, converging transition length and jet pipe subsonic speed part, ensure that the transverse-pressure gradient that import cross section produces and radial velocity component reduce gradually, and go to zero on outlet, thus obtain uniform flow field.The curve form of converging transition can adopt the Profile Design making arbitrarily circulation area reduce in principle, includes but not limited to adopt the methods such as Vito this base curves pungent, bicubic curve, quintic curve, Batchelor-Shaw.
Flaring part also belongs to the key component of jet pipe, its essential characteristic is that its circulation area expands gradually, its effect is that air-flow throat being reached sonic condition expands acceleration further, outlet obtain design required by Mach number and uniform air flow, gradually expanding section can adopt the Profile Design making arbitrarily circulation area increase gradually in principle, includes but not limited to the design method such as method of characteristics, Fu Ershi (Foelsh) method, labor (Lao) method.The slope such as can also to adopt expand and the design method of conical pipe.Gradually expanding section should have suitable length, too short, air-flow can be made to expand too fast, easily causes disturbance to increase internal friction loss, long, then once can add the frictional loss between air-flow and wall.Therefore various Parameter Conditions must be considered to determine the size of gradually expanding section.Gradually expanding section outlet Mach number should be not less than 2.
2. the effect of device straight length make supersonic flow become subcritical flow thus ensure air-flow enter diffuser after temperature be restored, be one of core component of this device.The Design of length of straight length is wanted rationally, and its length can be determined by the limit pipe range of the adiabatic friction flow of uniform section, and ensures appearance second shock wave.The effect of diffuser mainly makes the temperature of air-flow be recovered, and adjusts the Pressure Drop low amplitude of whole device according to back pressure (pressure of this device outlet connecting system) simultaneously.In order to ensure good temperature return characteristic, its outlet size (diameter) should be not less than the entrance opening dimension (diameter) of this device.The essential characteristic of diffuser pipe is that its circulation area increases from the inlet to the outlet gradually, and its axial dimension should be not less than the outlet size (diameter) of 1.5 times.
3. the decompression principle of device: by the reasonable combination of Laval jet pipe, straight length and diffuser, there will be two shock waves in device inside.First shock wave appears at Laval nozzle throat, which ensures and can not be changed because of the change of back pressure (pressure after throttling) by the mass flow rate of device; The pressure of fluid can be reduced to very little numerical value by the gradually expanding section of Laval jet pipe, and this is the key ensureing that this device range of regulation is large; Straight length and Laval jet pipe reasonable combination, this device can be realized according to the self-adaptative adjustment of ambient systems pressure to its outlet pressure by the position of adjustment second shock wave in a big way.
The present invention can obtain following beneficial effect:
1. compared with conventional vacuum device, apparatus of the present invention have certain advantage, temperature characteristic in temperature, flow, pressure etc.: the change very little (1 ~ 3 DEG C) of fluid temperature (F.T.) before and after the throttling of this device, and have nothing to do with Pressure Drop amplitude; Flow characteristics: in entrance state (temperature and pressure) timing, can ensure, under different throttlings, not changed by the flow of decompressor; Pressure characteristics: due in this throttling arrangement, there are two normal shock waves in the combination by Laval jet pipe and straight length, add the diffusion action of diffuser so high pressure compressible fluid can be throttled to low-down pressure and can not produce obvious temperature variation by it simultaneously.Moreover, after throttling, the height of pressure can adjust according to the pressure of decompressor connecting system completely automatically.So apparatus of the present invention have the pressure relief ranges of non-constant width.
2. can be known by the basic structure of this device, the reasonable combination of Laval jet pipe converging transition and gradually expanding section ensures that throat reaches threshold state, and can ensure that fluid reaches supersonic flow state at gradually expanding section and makes it export Mach number to be not less than 2.The pressure of compressible fluid gradually expanding section can fall very low, and this is the key ensureing that this device range of regulation is large; Straight length and Laval jet pipe reasonable combination, make this device can realize according to the self-adaptative adjustment of ambient systems pressure to its outlet pressure by the position of adjustment second shock wave in a big way; The effect of diffuser is that fluid temperature (F.T.) is farthest recovered.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the detail of construction of this device;
In figure: 1, inlet flange, 2, entrance straight length, 3, Rafael nozzle converging transition, 4, Rafael nozzle gradually expanding section, 5, straight length, 6, diffuser, 7, outlet straight length, 8, outlet(discharge) flange.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further described, and apparatus of the present invention comprise inlet flange 1, entrance straight length 2, Rafael nozzle converging transition 3, Rafael nozzle gradually expanding section 4, straight length 5, diffuser 6, outlet straight length 7, outlet(discharge) flange 8.
This device is connected with the main line of high-pressure liquid with outlet(discharge) flange 8 by inlet flange 1, simultaneously in order to not make the fluid of inflow and bleeder excessive turbulence not occur, needs at entrance and exit the level and smooth straight length adding certain length according to flow velocity.First high pressure compressible fluid enters converging transition 4 according to thermodynamic principle in this stage through entrance straight length, fluid can accelerate, cooling, step-down, and reach threshold state at place of throat, the fluid reaching critical shape body can accelerate further after entering gradually expanding section 5, reach Supersonic Flow state, and ensure that outlet Mach number is not less than 2; Supersonic flow enters straight length 6 again, will produce second shock wave in straight length 6 makes supersonic flow become subcritical flow, but shock wave must produce before entering diffuser, therefore need rationally to determine flow development length according to the limit pipe range by the adiabatic friction flow of uniform section; Last fluid enters diffuser 7, and the Main Function of diffuser 7 is that outlet temperature can farthest be recovered, and the fluid after end temperature recovers flows out apparatus of the present invention by outlet straight length 8.
Deliver to the step-down before terminal use for high-pressure natural gas through long-distance transport pipes below to cross energy-saving effect of the present invention is described: in China's natural gas long distance pipeline, the design distribution pressure of two wires, capital, Shan and transfering natural gas from the west to the east sky pipeline reaches 10MPa, and the pressure of user side must drop to and just can reach safety requirement O.4MPa below.Use throttling expansion to reach step-down object in conventional method, and the method can produce larger temperature simultaneously falls.If rock gas is all made up of methane, pipeline gas transmission temperature is 20 DEG C, and the temperature as calculated after expansion step-down is,
P
1pressure before one throttling, MPa; P
2pressure after the throttling of family factory, MPa;
T
1temperature before one throttling, K; T
2temperature after one throttling, K;
N mono-constant entropy throttling index, gets 1.32
Visible, it is very large that the temperature of conventional vacuum method reduces amplitude.So low temperature, directly can not enter pipe-line transportation system, must carry out reheating.In addition, so large temperature is fallen, and also means the loss of acting ability.Getting ambient temperature is 25 DEG C, the temperature fire of rock gas relative atmospheric environment after cooling loss with for,
C
pone rock gas than level pressure hot melt, be taken as 2.2184kJ/ (Kgk);
T
0one ambient temperature
Suppose that the average daily displacement of natural gas line is 8.55 × 10
4kg/d, every day, the energy of loss reached 1.40 × 10
7kJ, will be slatterned in vain if so large energy loss does not recycle.Utilize this part cold to come for cryogenic refrigeration although also have at present, subsequent design cost can be increased again like this and this recovery and utilization technology still in theoretical research stage.And adopting apparatus of the present invention, after step-down can not there is significant change in temperature substantially.
Claims (1)
1. have a decompressor for temperature return function, it comprises: the inlet flange (1) connected continuously, entrance straight length (2), Rafael nozzle converging transition (3), Rafael nozzle gradually expanding section (4), straight length (5), diffuser (6), outlet straight length (7), outlet(discharge) flange (8);
Inlet flange (1) is connected with high-pressure liquid trunk line, inlet flange (1) connects one section of entrance straight length (2), entrance straight length (2) is connected to Rafael nozzle converging transition (3) below, what Rafael nozzle convergent (3) section connected below is Rafael nozzle gradually expanding section (4), Rafael nozzle gradually expanding section (4) is connected to straight length (5) below, straight length (5) is connected to diffuser (6) below, diffuser (6) is connected to straight length (7) below, and straight length (7) is connected with outlet(discharge) flange (8);
Described high pressure compressible fluid is raised speed, cooling, decompression the collapsible tube that reduces gradually for circulation area of Rafael nozzle converging transition (3), the sectional dimension of itself and Rafael nozzle gradually expanding section (4) joint is the minimum dimension of Rafael nozzle converging transition (3); Rafael nozzle gradually expanding section (4) adopts the Profile Design that its circulation area is increased gradually, fluid is flowed and reaches supersonic flow state, and be not less than 2 at the Mach number in Rafael nozzle gradually expanding section (4) outlet port; Straight length (5) makes fluid become subsonic speed from supersonic speed, and the length of straight length (5) is the limit pipe range under corresponding flowing state; Diffuser (6), it ensures that fluid temperature (F.T.) is restored, its diffuser pipe increased gradually for circulation area;
The curvecd surface type of Rafael nozzle converging transition (3) adopts the Profile Design making arbitrarily circulation area reduce, include but not limited to adopt Vito this base curves pungent, bicubic curve, quintic curve, Batchelor ?Shaw method;
Adopt the Profile Design making arbitrarily circulation area increase gradually at Rafael nozzle gradually expanding section (4), include but not limited to method of characteristics, Fu Ershifa, Lao Fa; Or the slope such as employing expands and the design method of conical pipe.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201210219391.7A CN102748332B (en) | 2012-06-28 | 2012-06-28 | Pressure reducing device with temperature recovery function |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210219391.7A CN102748332B (en) | 2012-06-28 | 2012-06-28 | Pressure reducing device with temperature recovery function |
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| CN102748332A CN102748332A (en) | 2012-10-24 |
| CN102748332B true CN102748332B (en) | 2015-05-06 |
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Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104772239B (en) * | 2014-01-13 | 2018-09-07 | 刘友宏 | Supersonic speed chrysanthemum type nozzle and the gas blowing type vacuum pump for being equipped with the nozzle |
| CN109269760B (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2021-04-16 | 中国航空工业集团公司沈阳空气动力研究所 | High-pressure pipeline rapid pressure reduction device based on entropy increase principle |
| CN113112895A (en) * | 2021-04-19 | 2021-07-13 | 西安交通大学 | Electromagnetic induction heating gas heat exchange experimental device |
| CN113654851B (en) * | 2021-07-20 | 2023-12-19 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Device and method for sampling aerosol in containment under severe accident condition |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA2270260A1 (en) * | 1996-11-13 | 1998-05-28 | O.O.O. Obninsky Tsentr Poroshkovogo Napylenia | Apparatus for gas-dynamic coating |
| CN2753948Y (en) * | 2003-10-28 | 2006-01-25 | 胜利油田胜利工程设计咨询有限责任公司 | Eddy gas purifying separating device |
| CN101208447A (en) * | 2005-05-20 | 2008-06-25 | 有限责任公司奥布宁斯基粉末喷涂中心 | Apparatus for gas-dynamic applying coatings an method of coating |
| CN202900811U (en) * | 2012-06-28 | 2013-04-24 | 北京工业大学 | Pressure-relief device with temperature recovery function |
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2012
- 2012-06-28 CN CN201210219391.7A patent/CN102748332B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA2270260A1 (en) * | 1996-11-13 | 1998-05-28 | O.O.O. Obninsky Tsentr Poroshkovogo Napylenia | Apparatus for gas-dynamic coating |
| CN2753948Y (en) * | 2003-10-28 | 2006-01-25 | 胜利油田胜利工程设计咨询有限责任公司 | Eddy gas purifying separating device |
| CN101208447A (en) * | 2005-05-20 | 2008-06-25 | 有限责任公司奥布宁斯基粉末喷涂中心 | Apparatus for gas-dynamic applying coatings an method of coating |
| CN202900811U (en) * | 2012-06-28 | 2013-04-24 | 北京工业大学 | Pressure-relief device with temperature recovery function |
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