EP1886538A2 - Spotlight for shooting films and videos - Google Patents
Spotlight for shooting films and videosInfo
- Publication number
- EP1886538A2 EP1886538A2 EP06753169A EP06753169A EP1886538A2 EP 1886538 A2 EP1886538 A2 EP 1886538A2 EP 06753169 A EP06753169 A EP 06753169A EP 06753169 A EP06753169 A EP 06753169A EP 1886538 A2 EP1886538 A2 EP 1886538A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- led
- color
- monochrome
- leds
- peak wavelength
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21K—NON-ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES USING LUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING CHARGES OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL; LIGHT SOURCES USING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AS LIGHT-GENERATING ELEMENTS; LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21K9/00—Light sources using semiconductor devices as light-generating elements, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] or lasers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H05B45/20—Controlling the colour of the light
- H05B45/22—Controlling the colour of the light using optical feedback
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21W—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
- F21W2131/00—Use or application of lighting devices or systems not provided for in codes F21W2102/00-F21W2121/00
- F21W2131/40—Lighting for industrial, commercial, recreational or military use
- F21W2131/406—Lighting for industrial, commercial, recreational or military use for theatres, stages or film studios
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
- F21Y2105/00—Planar light sources
- F21Y2105/10—Planar light sources comprising a two-dimensional array of point-like light-generating elements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
- F21Y2105/00—Planar light sources
- F21Y2105/10—Planar light sources comprising a two-dimensional array of point-like light-generating elements
- F21Y2105/12—Planar light sources comprising a two-dimensional array of point-like light-generating elements characterised by the geometrical disposition of the light-generating elements, e.g. arranging light-generating elements in differing patterns or densities
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
- F21Y2113/00—Combination of light sources
- F21Y2113/10—Combination of light sources of different colours
- F21Y2113/13—Combination of light sources of different colours comprising an assembly of point-like light sources
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
- F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
- F21Y2115/10—Light-emitting diodes [LED]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S362/00—Illumination
- Y10S362/80—Light emitting diode
Definitions
- the invention relates to a headlamp for film and video recordings arranged on a light-emitting surface light-emitting diodes and a method
- LEDs light emitting diodes
- Typical film footage for movies such as "Cinema Color Negative Film” are optimized for daylight with a color temperature of 5600 K or incandescent light with a color temperature of 3200 K and achieve excellent color rendering characteristics with these light sources for illuminating a set
- these have to be adapted to the optimum color temperature of 3200 K or 5600 K and have a very good color rendering quality, usually the best color rendering level with a color rendering index of CRI> 90 ... 100 required.
- an LED-based light source for the production of white light which makes use of the principle of three-color mixing.
- a mixture of the three primary colors red-green-blue (RGB) is performed, wherein in a housing at least one blue light-emitting LED, which is referred to as a transmission LED and directly used light primarily in the wavelength range of 470 to 490th nm, as well as another LED, which works with conversion and is accordingly called a conversion LED, which emits light primarily in the wavelength range of at most 465 nm.
- RGB red-green-blue
- Both LEDs or one of a plurality of LED types constructed surface (array) is preceded by a common conversion surface of a potting or a glass plate with one or more phosphors, so that the phosphors completely convert the light of the conversion LED, the light of But let the transmission LED pass through unhindered.
- US 2004/0105261 A1 discloses a method and a device for emitting and modulating light with a predetermined light spectrum.
- the known lighting device has a plurality of groups of light-emitting devices, each group emitting a predetermined light spectrum and a control device controlling the energy supply to the individual light-emitting devices so that the total resulting radiation has the predetermined light spectrum.
- a disadvantage of these methods are also not optimal color reproduction in film and video recordings and the lack of ability to set a predetermined color temperature and a precise color location.
- the individual LEDs or groups of LEDs and the color temperature set in each case it is to be expected that there will be considerable color deviations from Planck's curve, which can only be corrected by presetting corrective filters.
- the light output is not optimal in a warm white setting the combination of daylight white and warm white LEDs, as this relatively high conversion losses occur due to the secondary emission of the phosphor.
- Another disadvantage of this method is that to set a warm or daylight white color temperature, a large part of the LEDs of the other color temperature can not be used or only strongly dimmed and thus the utilization factor for the typically during film shooting color temperatures to 3200 K and 5600 K. only about 50%.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a headlamp for film and video recordings with light-emitting diodes arranged on a light-emitting surface, which ensures a very good color rendering and homogeneous color mixing of the radiation emitted by LEDs of different colors, whose color properties are suitable both for film and video. and are optimized for video recordings and no color cast against other light sources, such as halogen lamps or daylight, and allows any adjustment of the color temperature or a color location with very good use of the LEDs used.
- the light-emitting surface has at least three LEDs that emit different LED colors and provide luminous flux components for color mixing, of which at least one LED consists of a fluorescent LED, and one with the LEDs at least in groups controlling device for adjusting the output of the LEDs luminous flux component per color.
- the solution according to the invention provides an LED headlamp for film and video recordings, in which a very good color reproduction is achieved by a suitable combination of differently colored LEDs and whose color properties are optimized both for film and for video recordings without a color cast with respect to recordings other sources of light, such as incandescent or daylight.
- the compilation and arrangement of the LEDs thereby allows a largely homogeneous color mixing of the radiation emitted by the different colored LEDs and by accurately controlling the different LED colors or groups of LED colors, the color temperature between about 2500 K and 7000 K converted or arbitrarily set or a deviating from the Planckian curve color location within the gamut of the LEDs used are arbitrarily set.
- a warm white or daylight white color temperature of 3200 K or 5600 K a very high degree of utilization of> 85% based on the total luminous flux of the LEDs used is achieved.
- the solution according to the invention is based on the consideration of using a suitable for film and video recordings LED headlamps at least three different colored LEDs, one of which is designed as a LED LED and either a white, especially daylight, neutral or Warm white color or a yellow and / or green color emitted.
- a yellow and / or green color emitting phosphor LED is also referred to below as “yellow-green phosphor LED” and preferably combined with at least one LED color "blue” emitting LED.
- the solutions described below show suitable LED combinations that, at the right color temperature and excellent color reproduction, simultaneously ensure full mixed light capability when used for film and video recordings.
- the combinations of a plurality of monochrome LEDs and a white phosphor LED or a yellow-green phosphor LED are preferably combined to form an LED module, and the light-emitting surface of the headlight is assembled from an array of LED modules.
- the phosphor layer of the phosphor LED covers not only the phosphor LED, but also the adjacent to the chip of the phosphor LED chips of the color LEDs of the green to red wavelength range.
- the chip of the phosphor LED is arranged, for example, in the middle of an LED module.
- the phosphor layer covers a larger area compared to the size of the phosphor LED.
- the blue color LED is not integrated under the phosphor layer of the yellow-green or white phosphor LED.
- the blue color LED is excluded from this integration because otherwise its radiation would excite the phosphor of the yellow-green or white phosphor LED to secondary emissions, so that the blue color LED's radiation is no longer independent of the yellow-green radiation or white fluorescent LED could be adjusted.
- the radiation of the green to red color LEDs does not stimulate the yellow-green phosphor of the yellow-green or white phosphor LED and can pass this without spectral change.
- This embodiment of the solution according to the invention makes it possible to accommodate the chips in a confined space, since the chips of the color LEDs can be placed very close to the chip of the fluorescent LED.
- miniaturization and the associated higher luminance of the individual LED modules ensure that the quality of beam shaping and color homogenization achieved by the optical elements following the radiation source is improved.
- a further advantage consists in that part of the radiation emitted by the color LEDs is scattered by the phosphor layer of the phosphor LEDs, and thus the entire surface of the phosphor layer in the colors of the color LEDs illuminates, thereby additionally homogenizing the color mixture is improved.
- each LED color for example, yellow-green, blue, or red
- each LED color consists of one or more LED chips to provide the optimum luminous flux component for color mixing.
- the number of LED chips actually used in each LED module or in the array of LED modules for the light-emitting surface of the headlamp per color is based on the power and luminous efficacy of the monochrome LEDs and phosphor LEDs used.
- the number of LEDs required for each color is selected such that the brightness ratios listed below are set at full luminous flux output, while by reducing the partial luminous flux, in particular by dimming individual ones Color LEDs with a minimum of required LEDs the relevant color temperature range from approx. 2700 K to 6000 K with optimum color rendering and at the same time almost constant brightness can be set.
- a homogeneous color mixing of the different LEDs is achieved in that the different colored LEDs are spatially very closely arranged by chip-on-board technology in small modules, each module as the smallest and complete unit all required LED Colors and the number of LEDs used per color based on the chip size and the required partial luminous flux. Accordingly, for example, an LED module, a daylight white, warm white or yellow-green fluorescent LED and four each contain blue, green, amber and red color LED chips.
- the LED modules each have at least five different LEDs, of which one LED as a yellow-green or white phosphor LED, an LED as a monochrome cyan or blue color LED, an LED as a monochrome green color LED and two LEDs are designed as different monochrome color LEDs with a red, orange, yellow-orange or yellow LED color.
- the LED modules have a yellow-green or white phosphor LED, a monochrome blue color LED with a peak wavelength of 430nm - 480nm, preferably 450nm - 480nm, a monochrome green color LED with a peak wavelength from 505nm - 535nm, a monochrome amber color LED with a peak wavelength of 610nm - 640nm and a monochrome red color LED with a peak wavelength of 630nm - 660nm.
- the LED modules have a yellow-green or white phosphor LED, a monochrome cyan color LED with a peak wavelength of 480 nm-515 nm, preferably 485 nm-515 nm, a monochrome green color LED with a peak wavelength from 505nm - 535nm, a monochrome yellow color LED with a peak wavelength of 580nm - 610nm and a monochrome amber color LED with a peak wavelength of 610nm - 640nm.
- the LED modules have a yellow-green or white phosphor LED, a monochrome cyan color LED with a peak wavelength of 480 nm-515 nm, preferably 485 nm-515 nm, a monochrome green color LED a peak wavelength of 505nm - 535nm, a monochrome yellow color LED with a peak wavelength of 580nm - 610nm, a monochrome amber color LED with a peak wavelength of 610nm - 640nm and a monochrome blue color LED with a peak wavelength of 430nm - 480nm, preferably 450nm - 480nm, on.
- the LED modules have a yellow-green or white phosphor LED, a monochrome cyan color LED with a peak wavelength of 480 nm-515 nm, preferably 485 nm-515 nm, a monochrome green color LED with a peak wavelength from 505nm - 535nm, a m ⁇ nochrom yellow color LED with a peak wavelength of 580nm - 610nm and a monochrome red color LED with a peak wavelength of 630nm - 660nm.
- the LED modules have a yellow-green or white phosphor LED, a monochrome cyan color LED with a peak wavelength of 480 nm-515 nm, preferably 485 nm-515 nm, a monochrome green color LED with a peak wave length of 505nm - 535nm, a monochrome yellow color LED with a peak wavelength of 580nm - 610nm, a monochrome red color LED with a peak wavelength of 630nm - 660nm and a monochrome blue color LED with a peak wavelength of 430nm - 480nm, preferably 450nm - 480nm, on.
- the LED modules have a yellow-green or white phosphor LED, a monochrome cyan color LED with a peak wavelength of 480 nm-515 nm, preferably 485 nm-515 nm, a monochrome green color LED with a peak wavelength from 505 - 535nm, a monochrome amber colored color LED with a peak wavelength of 610 - 640 nm and a monochrome red color LED with a peak wavelength of 630 - 660nm.
- the LED modules have a yellow-green or white phosphor LED, a monochrome cyan color LED with a peak wavelength of 480 nm-515 nm, preferably 485 nm-515 nm, a monochrome green color LED with a peak wavelength from 505nm - 535nm, a monochrome amber colored color LED with a peak wavelength of 610mn - 640nm, a monochrome red color LED with a peak wavelength of 630nm - 660nm and a monochrome blue color LED with a peak wavelength of 430nm - 480nm, preferably 450nm - 480nm, up.
- a monochrome cyan color LED with a peak wavelength of 480 nm-515 nm, preferably 485 nm-515 nm
- a monochrome green color LED with a peak wavelength from 505nm - 535nm
- a monochrome amber colored color LED with a peak
- the LED modules have a yellow-green or white phosphor LED, a monochrome blue color LED with a peak wavelength of 430nm - 480nm, preferably 450nm - 480nm, a monochrome green color LED with a peak wavelength from 505nm to 535nm, a monochrome yellow color LED with a peak wavelength of 580nm - 610nm and a monochrome red color LED with a peak wavelength of 630nm - 660nm.
- the LED modules each have less than five different LEDs, namely a yellow-green or white phosphor LED, a monochrome blue color LED with a peak wavelength of 430nm - 480nm, preferably 450nm - 480nm , and a monochrome red color LED with a peak wavelength of 630nm - 660nm.
- the blue color LED may never be, the red color LED can optionally be arranged below the phosphor layer of the fluorescent LED.
- the luminous flux component emitted by the individual color LEDs of an LED module is determined and the radiation intensity of the LEDs is adjusted continuously or at intervals in order to compensate for changing environmental conditions and aging effects of the modules.
- a control or regulating device provided for this purpose contains at least one measuring device, which is arranged between the LED board and the front side of the headlamp, preferably regulated at a constant temperature, which detects the radiation intensity of the LEDs and serves as color measuring device, RGB sensor, V ( ⁇ ). Sensor or light sensor is formed. Conceivable and advantageous in this context may also be to use an external measuring device, which is arranged outside the area between the LED board and the front of the headlamp.
- the measuring device is formed by at least five light sensors of different spectral sensitivity in the visible wavelength range between 380 nm and 780 nm.
- the at least five light sensors can be optimized in narrow bandwidth by means of optical filters, such as dichroic filters, in their spectral sensitivity to the radiation emitted by the LEDs and aligned for the determination of the radiation components of the monochrome LEDs in their spectral sensitivity to the maxima of the monochrome LEDs, the spectral sensitivity of the light sensor for determining the radiation fraction of the white or the yellow-green phosphor LED has its maximum either in the range 530 ... 610 nm or in the range 650 ... 750 nm.
- the maximum of the spectral sensitivity of the light sensor can be used for Mood of the radiation component of the white or the yellow-green fluorescent LED alternatively in the wavelength range 430 ... 490 nm.
- Advantage of this arrangement is that from the signals of the sensors directly and simultaneously the luminous flux components of all involved LED colors can be determined and, if necessary, the intensity of the LEDs can be corrected to track eg thermally induced brightness or color changes. In the case of deviations from the predetermined target color location, the color location can then be readjusted immediately, continuously and without any disturbance for the user or for the camera. A warning to the user can thus be omitted, and a determination of the luminous flux components in a separate step is not required.
- a representative portion of each LED color is coupled into the photosensitive surface of the measuring device, in particular one in front of an array of e.g. Side-mounted LED light guide plate mixes the light, homogenized and let emerge evenly upwards. Through a small opening in the outer circumferential mirroring of the light guide plate, a representative portion of each LED color is coupled into the measuring device.
- a monitor LED module arranged at a thermally representative point of the array of LED modules is used to illuminate the measuring receiver and a part of the radiation emitted by the LEDs is coupled into the measuring device by means of a light guide.
- a monitor LED module which is likewise arranged at a thermally representative point of the array of LED modules is used for the indirect illumination of the measuring receiver.
- the monitor LED module illuminates a diffuser plate mounted over the monitor LED module, which is mirrored up to eliminate incident ambient light for the measurement.
- the sensor is located directly next to the monitor LED module and detects the reflected light from the diffuser plate.
- the sensor can be housed either in an example annular tube whose aperture is matched to the size and spacing of the diffuser plate.
- the diffuser plate is located together with the sensor within a mounted over the monitor LED module measuring capsule, which is preferably light-tight and inside white or mirrored.
- the spectral sensitivity of color sensors used in the measuring device can be adjusted by means of interference filters, wherein the aperture of the color sensors should typically be limited to a small aperture smaller than 10 ° in order to minimize color errors due to obliquely incident light.
- the measurement of the individual LED colors can be triggered manually and indicate a visual and / or acoustic signal device, the deviation of the current setting of a predetermined target value.
- the desired color temperature, the desired color location, a color correction that emulates pre-set color correction filters, and / or a light color that emulates color filters or a light source are input by means of a user interface.
- the headlamp is designed so that in a dimming mode, the color temperature is automatically adjusted and tracked depending on the brightness of the headlamp.
- the dimple of an incandescent lamp the color temperature of which changes with the brightness, can be reproduced by simultaneously adjusting the color temperature as the brightness of the spotlight changes, so that a brightness-color temperature profile corresponding to the dimming characteristic of an incandescent lamp is achieved is obtained.
- the headlight so that any selected by a user light color and / or light source can be adjusted.
- the light source to be imitated can be in particular a fluorescent lamp.
- a user can then specify the light color 842 of a fluorescent lamp with a color temperature of 4200 K and a color rendering index CRI greater than 80 and reproduce it by the headlight in such a way that color casts are minimized during film and video recordings.
- This can be expedient in particular when using the headlamp for recording in buildings equipped with fluorescent lamps, for example as a report light and facilitates the handling and operability of the headlamp for a user.
- the luminous flux component emitted by the individual LEDs of an LED module is set with the following method steps.
- a method for adjusting the output of a headlight optimal color characteristic is characterized in that after switching on the headlamp, the maximum available radiation content of the LED colors and during operation of the headlamp from time to time, the current RGB or intensity values LED colors are measured and the radiation intensity of the LED colors is readjusted taking into account the current RGB or intensity values determined for each LED color in order to compensate for temperature and aging effects.
- the current color location is preferably calculated from the current RGB or intensity values of the total radiation of the LED colors (R, G, A, B, Ye) and, in the case of deviations from the target color location, the current RGB or intensity values of the individual LED colors (R, G, A, B, Ye).
- the radiation intensity of the LED colors (R, G, A, B, Ye) is then readjusted taking into account the current RGB or intensity values determined for each LED color (R, G, A, B, Ye).
- the measurement of the current RGB or intensity values of the LED colors during operation can be achieved by briefly activating the individual LED colors and measuring the RGB or intensity values.
- the total radiation is first measured and then each individual LED color is turned off in turn and the RGB or intensity value of the remaining LED colors is measured, and the RGB or intensity values of the respectively switched-off LED color are determined by subtraction.
- the triggering of the measurement and subsequent control of the LED intensity ratios can also take place in fixed, short intervals in configurations in which the radiation of a monitor LED module is detected by a measuring device associated with this module, if only the LED colors of the Monitor LED module is briefly switched on and off and the contribution of the monitor LED module to the overall brightness is less than 1%. In this case occur through the measurement and control cycles No disturbing brightness or color variations during movie or video recording.
- the radiation components of the LED colors are determined by measuring the total radiation of all LED colors with light sensors of different spectral sensitivity. The prerequisite for this is that the number of light sensors corresponds to the number of LED colors used.
- Advantage of this variant is that no additional, the lighting operation disturbing operation for detecting the radiation components is required, but the radiation components can be determined continuously during operation of the headlamp.
- 1 is a schematic view of one of an array of controllable LED
- Modules composite light-emitting surface of a headlamp with measuring device
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic plan view of an LED module with a yellow-green or white phosphor LED whose phosphor layer covers a plurality of color LEDs;
- FIG. 3 shows a section through the LED module according to FIG. 2 along the line III-III;
- FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view of an LED module with a yellow-green or white phosphor LED whose phosphor layer is limited to the phosphor LED and does not cover adjacent color LEDs; ;
- FIG. 5 shows a section through the LED module according to FIG. 4 along the line V-V;
- FIG. 9A shows a section through an LED headlamp with a measuring device in which light emitted by side emitting LEDs is mixed by a light guide plate;
- Fig. 9B is a section through the LED headlamp of Fig. 9A taken along the line A-B;
- 10A-1OC is a flow chart for color adjustment and color control of an LED headlamp
- FIGS. 11-13 are flow diagrams for different variants of the intensity measurement of the
- FIG. 14 is a flowchart for determining and calibrating color correction factors
- FIG. 15 shows a flow chart for determining and calibrating brightness characteristics
- Fig. 16 is a flowchart for emulating color filters
- 17A shows a first embodiment of an LED headlight with measuring device in plan view
- Fig. 17B is a section through the LED headlamp of Fig. 17A taken along the line A-B;
- 18A shows a second embodiment of an LED headlight with measuring device in plan view
- Fig. 18B is a section through the LED headlamp of Fig. 18A taken along the line
- 19A shows a third embodiment of an LED headlamp with measuring device in plan view
- Fig. 19B is a section through the LED headlight of Fig. 19A taken along the line
- Fig. 2OB is a section through the LED headlight of Fig. 2OA along the line
- 21 A shows a fifth exemplary embodiment of an LED headlight with a measuring device in plan view
- Fig. 21 B is a section through the LED headlight of Fig. 21 A along the line
- FIG. 22 shows the relative wavelength spectrums for blue color LEDs, red color LEDs and yellow-green phosphor LEDs
- FIGS. 23-24 show the relative wavelength spectra of optimized LED combinations for film and video recordings with a warm-white or daylight-white color temperature
- Fig. 25 shows the relative wavelength spectra for daylight white and warm white
- Fluorescent LEDs as well as blue, green, yellow and red color LEDs
- Fig. 26 shows the Gamut of the headlamp for two different combinations of LEDs
- Fig. 1 shows a schematic plan view of the light-emitting surface or LED board 1 of a headlamp, which contains an array of LED modules 3 in rows and columns, which are connected individually or in groups with a control device 2, for example, the Individual LED modules 3 or groups of LED modules supplied electrical power varies. This can be done by varying the current supplied to the LED modules by means of pulse width modulation (frequency> 10 kHz to avoid exposure fluctuations in high speed recordings) or by changing the DC current intensity by changing resistance values or the like.
- pulse width modulation frequency> 10 kHz to avoid exposure fluctuations in high speed recordings
- DC current intensity by changing resistance values or the like.
- a measuring device 7 with a photosensitive surface is provided, into which a representative portion of each LED color is coupled.
- the measuring device 7 is connected for example via a thin optical fiber with a mirrored up white diffuser plate, which is arranged on a monitor LED module at a thermally representative point of the LED modules.
- the diffuser plate receives radiation from each LED color and couples it into the light guide.
- FIGS. 9a, 9b and FIGS. 17a to 21b A schematic section through a corresponding arrangement of a light guide 8 or alternative arrangements of the sensor without using a light guide are shown in FIGS. 9a, 9b and FIGS. 17a to 21b.
- a measurement of the emitted overall color of the LED modules 3 takes place either continuously or at predetermined time intervals in order to continuously take into account a change in environmental parameters such as the ambient temperature and aging-related changes in the LED modules 3. If deviations from the set target color location are detected, the individual intensities of the LED colors of the LED modules can be measured either at predetermined time intervals or triggered manually and the color readjusted.
- FIGS. 3 and 5 is a schematic plan view of different LED modules 3 and 3 1 and in FIGS. 3 and 5 is a section through the LED modules 3 and 3 'according to FIGS. 2 and 4 along the line IM-. III and VV shown.
- the LED module 3 shown in a schematic plan view in FIG. 2 in the center contains a chip 40 of a yellow-green or white phosphor LED 4, around which several
- the phosphor layer 41 of the yellow-green or white phosphor LED 4 covers both the chip 40 of the yellow-green or white phosphor LED 4 and the color LEDs 62 to 64. Outside the phosphor layer 41 are more, exclusively blue or cyan color LEDs 61 so that their radiation, the phosphor layer 41 can not stimulate secondary emissions and thus the radiation of the blue or cyan color LED 61 regardless of the radiation of the phosphor LED 4 and the radiation of the colored LEDs 62 to 64 are set can.
- the phosphor LED 4 consists of a blue LED chip 40, which is covered by the phosphor layer 41.
- the blue radiation emitted by the LED chip 40 excites the phosphor to longer wavelength (e.g., yellowish green) secondary emission.
- the overall color of the phosphor LED 4 is the mixed color of the blue light component which passes unchanged through the phosphor and the color of the light converted to longer wavelength radiation.
- the color location (standard color value components x, y) of the light emitted by the phosphor LED 4 can be varied depending on the choice of the phosphor material and its layer thickness and is located in the standard color chart on the connecting line between the two color locations of the blue primary radiation and the secondary radiation of the phosphor ,
- the phosphor material for example, phosphorus or a phosphor mixture having a yellow or yellow-green coloration can be used.
- the color locus and the color temperature of the phosphor LED 4 can vary depending on the layer thickness of the applied phosphor layer 41 phosphorus or phosphor mixture of yellow, yellow-green, warm white on neutral white to daylight white with a color temperature of 50000K.
- a phosphor LED 4 with a color point and a color temperature between yellow and daylight white can be produced and used for the headlight.
- a luminous material LED is referred to herein generally as yellow-green or white luminous LED 4.
- the spectral radiation components of the light emitted by the green, yellow, amber and / or red LEDs 62-64 lie above the excitation spectrum of the light source
- the color LEDs 62-64 are thus under the phosphor layer, they are not fluorescent LEDs but color LEDs because of their quasi-unchanged, narrow-band LED spectrum.
- the radiation emitted by the blue or cyan LEDs 61 still falls in their spectral composition into the excitation spectrum of yellow-green phosphors. Therefore, these color LEDs can not be arranged under the phosphor layer, since their radiation would be changed too much spectrally by the phosphor.
- a negligible proportion of luminous flux exiting from the side of the chip may eventually strike the phosphor layer and be converted into longer-wave, yellow-green radiation (cf Fig. 6).
- this effect is connected for the same reasons as for the green LED with no disadvantages for efficiency or color quality of the total radiation.
- the chip 40 of a yellow-green or white phosphor LED 4 is likewise arranged centrally and surrounded by a plurality of color LEDs 61-64.
- the further color LEDs 62-64 are not covered by the phosphor layer 41 of the phosphor LED; this extends alone over the chip 40.
- the individual LEDs can be embedded in microreflectors, also called "cups" or “cavities", which are preferably silvered, in order to reduce light losses through absorption to minimize.
- FIGS. 2 and 4 The use of four differently colored color LEDs 61-64 in FIGS. 2 and 4 is only to be understood as an example; It is also possible to use a different number of different LEDs and / or to arrange them in a different way be.
- four blue color LEDs, four green color LEDs, two amber color LEDs and six red color LEDs are provided in order to arrange a central phosphor LED of an edge length of, for example, 1 mm.
- the green, amber and red color LEDs are distributed as uniformly as possible around the central phosphor LED, for example by arranging two concentric circles around the phosphor LED.
- Other colors can be used, but always the blue or cyan LED 61 is disposed outside the phosphor layer of the phosphor LED.
- FIGS. 7 and 8 wavelength spectra for two optimized LED combinations, in which the full mixed light capability when used for film at a suitable warm or daylight white color temperature of the total radiation and excellent color rendering - And video recordings is guaranteed. It can be seen in the spectrum of the blue LED that a small proportion of luminous flux is converted by the adjacent phosphor into longer-wave radiation.
- the aforementioned LED colors are used in combination with a yellow-green phosphor LED whose peak wavelengths according to FIG. 6 are at the following wavelengths ⁇ :
- the optimized LED combinations the aforementioned LED colors blue, green, amber, red and a yellow-green fluorescent LED contain.
- An optimized Tungsten and Daylight LED module for film and video is composed of the following luminous flux components of the LED colors listed above and their peak wavelengths. This LED combination ensures a high luminous flux utilization factor of> 85% for the tungsten or daylight settings.
- the color rendering index CRI From the color temperature, the color rendering index CRI, the spectral radiation distribution of the light source, the spectral sensitivity functions of "Tungsten” or “daylight” sensitized color negative and color positive films in conjunction with a xenon lamp as a projection light source, an empirical evaluation variable of the mixed light capability is determined, both embodiments as very suitable for FiIm- and video recordings.
- Fig. 25 shows the wavelength spectrums for blue color LEDs 61 (B), green color LEDs 62 (G), yellow color LEDs (Ye) and red color LEDs 64 (R) of an LED module and for a daylight white phosphor LED 4 (DL) and a warm white fluorescent LED 4 (WW), which can be combined in a further embodiment in an LED module, wherein either a daylight white or a warm white fluorescent LED with the color LEDs together in one LED Module is arranged.
- the above-mentioned LED colors are used in combination with a daylight white (DL) phosphor LED and a warm white (WW) phosphor LED, respectively, whose peak wavelengths are ⁇ at the following wavelengths (as shown in FIG. LEDs are indicated instead of the peak wavelengths the most similar to the fluorescent LEDs color temperatures):
- the optimized LED combinations the above-mentioned LED colors blue, green, yellow, red and a daylight white or a warm white Fluorescent LED included.
- An LED module optimized for film and video recordings for the "warm white” and “daylight” settings is then composed of the following luminous flux components of the LED colors specified above and their peak wavelengths:
- FIG. 26 illustrates the gamut Ga1 of an LED module having a combination of blue, green, yellow and red color LEDs and a warm white or daylight white phosphor LED and the gamut Ga2 of an LED module having a combination of blue, green, amber and red color LEDs and a warm white or daylight white fluorescent LED.
- An essential advantage of the enlarged gamut Ga1 is that the gamut Ga1 completely covers the Planck 'locus P for the setting very low color temperatures below 2000K and this allows the generation of white light with very good color rendering properties with a very good mixing of light ability.
- the entire Planck ' s curve P can be reproduced, can be used for example for the emulation of the dimming characteristic of an incandescent lamp ("Tungsten") whose color temperature, as shown in Fig. 27, depends on the brightness (luminance) and, in particular at low brightness, assumes values below 2000 K.
- an LED module with a combination of blue, green and blue LEDs. ner, yellow and red color LED and a warm white or daylight white or yellow-green fluorescent LED and using the large Gamut Ga1 the corresponding low brightness of the dimmed light bulb corresponding low color temperature are set.
- the headlight in such a way that any light color and / or light source selected by a user can be adjusted.
- a user can then specify the light color 842 of a fluorescent lamp with a color temperature of 4200 K and a color rendering index CRI greater than 80 and replicate it by the headlight in such a way that optimum mixed light capability is achieved for video and video recordings, thus color castings for film. and video recordings are minimized in order to be used, for example, as an easy-to-use reportage light in buildings.
- FIG. 22 shows the wavelength spectra used for a further embodiment for blue color LEDs 61 (B), red color LEDs 64 (R) and for a yellow-green phosphor LED (Y) of an LED module and FIG. 23 and 24 wavelength spectra for two optimized LED combinations.
- the above-mentioned LED colors are used in combination with a yellow-green phosphor LED whose peak wavelengths according to FIG. 22 are at the following wavelengths ⁇ :
- Yellow-green 562 there are two LED combinations for the settings "warm white” and “daylight white", the optimized LED combinations containing the aforementioned LED colors blue, red and a yellow-green fluorescent LED.
- An LED module optimized for film and video recordings for the "warm white” and “daylight white” settings consists of the following luminous flux components of the LED colors specified above and their peak wavelengths:
- FIGS. 22 to 24 has the advantage of a simple design, since it consists of only 3 LED colors (yellow-green phosphor LED, blue and red). With low compromises for the daylight-white setting in the color rendering index (87 instead of 90) and only good instead of very good mixed light capability, it represents a very simple and thus more cost-effective system as a triple combination.
- 17a to 21b show LED headlights with possible positioning of the light sensor (light sensor, V ( ⁇ ) sensor, RGB sensor or colorimeter).
- the light sensor light sensor, V ( ⁇ ) sensor, RGB sensor or colorimeter.
- the beam shaping takes place, for example, by means of micro-optical elements such as micro-optically structured plates for Softlight headlamps or lenses for spotlight headlamps, optionally in conjunction with microreflectors in which the LEDs are embedded. Further features of the headlamp may be that the color is measured online with a colorimeter and readjusted to compensate for thermal and aging effects.
- a control device provided for this purpose contains at least one preferably constant temperature controlled measuring device 7, which receives light from a white diffuser plate 9, which is arranged between the light-emitting surface and the front or rear of the headlamp, and for example from the LEDs of one or two monitor LED modules, which are located at a thermally representative place, is illuminated.
- the diffuser plate 9 is mirrored up. The incident on the diffuser plate 9 light is then forwarded to the measuring device 7, which may be formed, for example, as a colorimeter, RGB sensor, V ( ⁇ ) sensor or light sensor.
- the diffuser plate 9 is arranged on the underside of a pane 10. It has a mirror coating 91 is turned off both upwards and sideways by means of the reflective coating 91.
- the diffuser plate 9 is coupled to a light guide 8 ' , which is connected to the measuring device 7, which in the illustrated exemplary embodiment is located in an edge region of FIG
- the printed circuit board 10 is preferably designed as a transparent pane or as a diffusing screen and may have a microstructure for beam shaping of the light emitted by the LED modules 3.
- the diffuser plate 9 is made, for example, from PTFE.
- the 3 'light emitted from the monitor LED module illuminates the diffuser plate 9 and is directed by the latter by means of the light guide 8' on the measuring device 7.
- the mirror coating 91 prevents incident ambient light is considered in the measurement.
- Two monitor LED modules 3 " are provided in the exemplary embodiment of Figures 18a, 18b.
- the measuring device 7 is located between these monitor LED modules 3 " on the LED board 1.
- the diffuser plate 9 is again located on the underside of a Cover or lens 10 and has adjacent to the disc 10 a reflective coating 91.
- that of the monitor LED modules 3 " radiated light from the diffuser plate 9 is reflected and detected directly by the measuring device 7.
- the height of such a housing is designed so that the aperture of the measuring device or the sensor 7 is matched to the diffuser plate 9 and laterally incident light is shaded.
- the measuring device 7 (preferably designed as a sensor chip) is arranged next to a monitor LED module 3 " on the LED board 1.
- the measuring device 7 becomes direct
- the diffuser plate 9 is located in a measuring window capsule 11, which is preferably designed to be light-tight and, for this purpose, is white or mirrored, for example, inside the diffuser plate
- the sensor window 7 is placed over the monitor LED module 3 "and the measuring device 7 on the LED board 1.
- a monitor LED module 3 " is located on a thermally representative point on the rear side of the LED board 1.
- the measuring device 7 is located in a measuring window capsule 11 ', which is above - Over the monitor LED module 3 "is arranged.
- the monitor LED module 3 directly illuminates the measuring device 7.
- the measuring window capsule 11 ' is preferably light-tight and, for this purpose, white, black or mirrored in.
- An advantage of this embodiment is that it is invisible to the user in that the light of the monitor LED module 3 "does not contribute to the useful radiation of the headlight.
- the monitor LED module can therefore be interconnected independently of the other LED modules and at any time a measurement of the current LED luminous flux components are performed without this disturbing variations in brightness could occur during film or video recordings.
- the measuring device 7 is also located on the back of the LED board 1.
- the measuring device 7 is illuminated analogous to Figure 19a, 19b on the reflected light from a diffuser plate 9 in a measuring window capsule 11 '.
- the measuring device 7 is located next to the monitor LED module 3 " on the underside of the LED board 1 and within the measuring window capsule 11 '.
- FIGS. 9a, 9b Another embodiment is shown in FIGS. 9a, 9b.
- the LEDs 5 are designed as side-emitting LEDs.
- an arrangement with five groups consisting of side-emitting LEDs is provided, wherein one LED group consists of white phosphor LEDs and four LED groups of color LEDs.
- Each of the five groups consists of side-emitting LEDs of a specific color.
- the luminous flux components of the five colors of the side-emitting LEDs are each driven in groups in order to set the desired color or color temperature can.
- 17 side-emitting LEDs are provided, which are divided into five colors as follows: 17 cyan color LEDs with a peak at 501 nm, 32 green color LEDs with a peak at 522 nm, 103 daylight white Fluorescent LEDs, 24 yellow color LEDs with a peak at 593 nm and 11 red color LEDs with a peak at 635 nm.
- the light emerging from the side-emitting LEDs 5 is coupled into a light guide plate 12, which generates a light mixture and thus a uniformly luminous and color-homogeneous surface by multiple reflections.
- the light guide plate 12 has downwardly a reflective coating or a highly reflective optical layer 13. Also lateral Veraptiers 14 are provided to prevent light loss by laterally exiting light. Upwards, the light guide plate 12 can be formed either clear or with an optical microstructure for targeted beam steering (not shown).
- the holes 15 for the LEDs 5 are introduced, which are not carried out continuously.
- the holes 15 have bevels 151 on their upper side, which cause an upwardly emerging radiation component of the LEDs 5 also coupled laterally into the light guide plate 12 and thus the homogeneity is further improved.
- a small opening 16 is introduced, in which the sensor chip 7 is arranged. This thus captures the intensity of all LEDs.
- the senor 7 in each embodiment receives a constant proportion of luminous flux per LED color, which is directly proportional to the total luminous flux component of the LED color of the headlamp.
- Calibration of the headlamp dermal intensity correction factors and Dimm suspectizingen determined and stored for each headlight in the internal memory.
- the measurement of the individual LED colors can be triggered manually and indicate an optical and / or audible signal device, the deviation of the current setting of a predetermined target value.
- the desired color temperature and / or the desired color location and / or an emulation of preset color correction filters is input by means of a user interface.
- the color correction can also be done and performed by inputting .plus / minus Green 'for color shifts along the Juddian line or inputting a CTO or CTB value for color shifts along the Planckian curve.
- CTO Color Temperature Orange
- CTB Color Temperature Blue
- FIGS. 10a to 10c of a program for color adjustment and control of an LED headlight starts after the start 100 with an initialization 101 for measuring the intensity of the LED colors, which is shown in FIG. 11 to FIG Flowcharts performed and example, according to the flowchart of FIG. 11 individually and in each case to 100% measured.
- the program step 102 the calibration factors kX, kY, kZ are read in from an EEPROM memory, and subsequently the user is asked in step 103 to input the desired color temperature Tsoll.
- the desired brightness components for the settings "tungsten” and “daylight” are read from the EEPROM memory and subsequently the desired brightness components of the LED colors for the target color location with the coordinates xsoll, ysoll as a function of the desired Color temperature Tsoll calculated in program step 105.
- the target color location with the coordinates x and y is first determined as a function of the target color temperature Tset, and then a linear interpolation of the basic mixtures for "tungsten" and "daylight” is performed on the target color location determined by the coordinates x and y.
- step 107 a decision is made as to whether a color correction with filters is to be emulated and, if confirmed in step 108, the target brightness components of the LED colors determined for the new target color location xset, yset are calculated.
- step 109 for calculating the correction factors k.sub.X, k.sub.Y and k.sub.Z for the set color mixture and subsequently, in step 110, the characteristic curves for each LED color are read.
- step 111 After calculating the desired drive signals of the xsoll, ysoll LED colors from the ⁇ target brightness values and the characteristics for each LED color (step 111), taking into account the maximum brightnesses measured at initialization for each maximum brightness output LED color (Block 112), the LEDs are activated in program step 113 with desired drive signals, and in step 114 the color values RO, GO, BO of the total radiation are measured.
- step 116 it is decided whether the chromaticity distance between x ⁇ , y ⁇ on the one hand and xsoll, ysoll is greater than a predefined threshold value. If this is the case (YES), the system jumps to step 121 and issues a warning "color deviation.” If this is not the case, then the values Rt, Gt, and Bt are measured in step 117, and in step 118 standard color values Xt, Yt and Zt and standard color value components xt and yt.
- step 120 it is decided in step 120 whether the chromaticity distance between the standard chromaticity coordinates for the coordinates x ⁇ and y ⁇ of the color locus on the one hand and the standard chromaticity coordinates xt, yt greater is a predetermined threshold. If this is the case (YES), then the warning "color deviation" also occurs in step 121. If this is not the case (NO), the program jumps back to step 1 17 and passes again after a measurement of the values Rt, Gt and Bt the loop described above.
- step 122 After issuing the warning "color deviation", a decision is made in program step 122 about a color correction which, if affirmative in step 123, results in an intensity measurement of the LED colors individually, subtractive or grouped according to the flowcharts shown in FIGS. 11 to 13. In the case of a negative, the program jumps back to step 117 and, after measuring the values Rt, Gt and Bt again, goes through the loop described above.
- Fig. 11 shows a flow chart for a single intensity measurement of the LEDs.
- the LED colors are activated individually in program step 201 and their RGB or intensity values Ri, Gi and Bi are measured in program step 202.
- a decision is made as to whether all predefined LED colors have been measured. If this is answered in the negative, the program jumps back to program step 201. After all LED colors have been activated and measured, the program is ended with program step 204.
- R1 k1 * R1_100
- R3 k3 * R3_100
- the method for color measurement and possible control steps can be implemented much more simply with only three colors since, after an initial measurement at the start of the program during operation of the headlamp, it is clear from the RGB signal of the total radiation, analogous to that of FIG. 12 group activation of up to 3 colors simultaneously, which could determine luminous flux components of the 3 LED colors.
- a "warning" to the user would thus be omitted since the "flashing" of the individual LED colors triggered manually or automatically in order to determine their luminous flux components could be circumvented. Instead, the color location could be readjusted immediately, constantly and without any disturbance to the user or the camera.
- Fig. 13 shows a flow chart for a subtractive intensity measurement of the LEDs.
- Fig. 14 is a flowchart for determining the color correction factors for calibration used in program step 109 of the color adjustment program of an LED headlamp shown in Figs. 10a to 10c.
- program step 501 the LED colors are activated individually and at 100%.
- program step 502 their RGB data Ri, Gi, Bi are measured with an integrated RGB sensor, and in program step 503 the standard color values Xi, Yi, Zi of the LED colors are measured with an external precision measuring device.
- the calibration factors for the sensor are calculated from the two measurements according to the equations
- FIG. 15 shows a flow chart for determining characteristic curves for the brightness as a function of the drive signal for calibrating the LED modules.
- a variation of the on control signal from 0 to 100% is performed for each color LED in the program step 601 and the brightness Gi is measured as a function of the drive signal. Ideally, this characteristic is determined with an external sensor.
- 16 is a flowchart for emulating color filters for color correction of the LED modules as used in program step 108 of the color adjustment control program of an LED headlamp.
- the program shown in FIGS. 10a to 10c and described above for adjusting the color of an LED headlight and the subroutines shown in FIGS. 11 to 16 and described above provide only a selection of possible programs for implementing the method according to the invention in use
- the described calculation steps for determining the color locus from a user input in which the color temperature or color correction or Filteremulation is specified and then from this the required brightness components of the LED colors are determined once be performed outside of the headlamp or its control device and stored in the form of tables in the memory of the headlamp or its control device.
- the tables may contain the required brightness levels of the LED colors depending on the color location or the color temperature.
- these can Tables are calculated for color rendering-optimized settings as well as additionally for optimized settings and stored in memory.
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Abstract
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102005022832A DE102005022832A1 (en) | 2005-05-11 | 2005-05-11 | Headlamp for film and video recordings |
PCT/DE2006/000813 WO2006119750A2 (en) | 2005-05-11 | 2006-05-11 | Spotlight for shooting films and videos |
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EP1886538A2 true EP1886538A2 (en) | 2008-02-13 |
EP1886538B1 EP1886538B1 (en) | 2010-01-06 |
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EP (1) | EP1886538B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4644280B2 (en) |
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