EP1881106A1 - Headbox of a machine for producing a sheet of fibrous material - Google Patents

Abstract

The nozzle includes a combination of longer plates (11.1, 11.2) and shorter plates (11.3, 11.4). The longer plates are associated with the nozzle wall (5) which includes the aperture plate (13). The longer plates have a length (LL) of 80% - 120% of the length (LD) of the nozzle. At least some plates, preferably all of them, are adjustable in length. Plates have only two different lengths. All plates have an at least locally-textured surface. The nozzle wall (6) which is free of plates, has an adjustable overhang (L) of up to 20 mm. The nozzle wall (6) has an adjustable projection (V) to gap height ratio of preferably 1 : 5. The aperture plate (13) has a main surface (17) in contact with the fibrous suspension, which runs parallel to the inner surface (18) of the associated nozzle wall. A variant of the nozzle design includes a central separating wedge between longer and shorter plates, pointing in the flow direction. The nozzle feeds a gap former between two recirculating, continuous sieve belts in a web-forming and dewatering arrangement. The nozzle wall with the aperture plate is arranged on the same- or the opposite side as the former. The former is a forming roller or a forming shoe, and is complemented by a breast roller.

Description

The invention relates to a headbox of a machine for producing a fibrous web from at least one pulp suspension, having a headbox having an upper nozzle wall and a lower nozzle wall and two side walls, tapering to a gap and a flowed through by the at least one pulp suspension nozzle headbox, wherein the nozzle chamber the headbox nozzle is at least partially divided by a plurality of fins, which extend from the inlet end in the flow direction nozzle end into the nozzle chamber, and wherein on a nozzle wall outlet side a positionable and extending over the machine width aperture is arranged.

The fibrous web formed from the at least one pulp suspension may in particular be a paper, board or tissue web.

Such a headbox is for example from the European patent application EP 1 452 640 A2 known. Its asymmetrical headbox nozzle leads to a more or less pronounced two-sidedness of the so-called layer orientation between the top and bottom of the finished fibrous web. A layer here is a height range of a finished fibrous web formed from a pulp suspension partial flow. Due to the flow conditions in the headbox and the shear forces in the former, a certain orientation of the fibers contained in the pulp suspension forms in the layer. The orientation of the fibers (layer Orientation) is defined by the ratio of machine direction orientation (MD) and cross machine direction (CD) orientation. The layer orientation can be determined either optically or by the ratio of the layer strength (MD) and the layer strength (CD). The different layer orientation leads, in particular in the production of wood-free fibrous webs, to sometimes serious problems during further processing. By way of example, the curl can be cited for copying papers which may no longer be usable, that is to say salable, due to too great a curl tendency.

The reason for the asymmetry of the layer orientation is seen in professional circles in the asymmetric structure of conventional headbox nozzles, since in the flow deflection at the aperture used, the fibers contained in the pulp suspension are increasingly aligned in the machine direction. On the opposite, glare-free nozzle wall, which extends beyond the aperture, is a alignment in the machine direction by increased microturbulence in the pulp suspension, due inter alia by a wall friction at a high speed level, but not or only limited instead.

It has been tried, as in the already mentioned European patent application EP 1 452 640 A2 or in the German Offenlegungsschrift DE 103 18 035 A1 set forth to provide a symmetrical nozzle structure in a headbox. However, due to spatial conditions, it is often not possible to attach a positionable aperture that extends over the width of the machine to both nozzle walls on the outlet side. Moreover, the attachment of such a second panel requires additional expenditure on acquisition and operating costs. And finally, such a second panel must also be maintained and renewed if greater damage or signs of wear are present.

Another possibility for producing critical wood-free fibrous webs is the use of a known to those skilled in and in the German Offenlegungsschrift DE 102 11 178 A1 shown multi-layer casserole with at least one solid separating wedge. In this case, in addition to the symmetrical headbox nozzle, the layer orientation can additionally be counteracted by different flow velocities in the individual layers of a two-sidedness. However, such a multi-layer casserole has several disadvantages: it is on the one hand very complex in its construction and operation, on the other hand, it requires the presence and operation of a technically sophisticated constant part, including accompanying stock preparation.

It is therefore an object of the invention to improve a headbox of the type mentioned in such a way that the two-sidedness of the layer orientation between the top and the bottom of the fibrous web can be selectively influenced.

This object is achieved in a headbox of the type mentioned in the present invention, that a combination of at least one longer lamella and at least one shorter lamella is provided, wherein the respective longer lamella of the diaphragm having nozzle wall is associated.

The object of the invention is completely solved in this way.

Experiments carried out have shown that the arrangement of the lamellae in the headbox nozzle can directly influence the velocity profile in the z-direction (height direction) of the pulp suspension jet. Thus, for example, by the targeted use of at least one longer lamella in one half of the headbox nozzle, the speed in this half can be reduced by increased friction between the at least one longer lamella and the pulp suspension. These Reduced speed with simultaneously increased microturbulence in the pulp suspension promotes non-orientation of the fibers in the machine direction in the pulp suspension.

Thus, in spite of the presence of an orifice and the associated flow deflection of the pulp suspension, orientation of the fibers contained in the pulp suspension virtually does not take place when using the head box according to the invention. As a result, the two-sidedness of the layer orientation is significantly reduced, ideally even completely avoided.

Due to the inventive advantage that the two-sidedness of the layer orientation between the top and bottom of the fibrous web can be selectively influenced, the headbox, and even the machine can be adapted to the requirements of different wood-free fibrous webs.

In the present case, the term "assignment" describes the spatial position of a lamella within the headbox nozzle. The headbox nozzle of a Einschichtenstoffauflaufs can basically be divided into two halves, wherein one half is disposed adjacent to the nozzle wall having the aperture. The "assignment" of a lamella to the diaphragm having the nozzle wall thus means that it is spatially arranged in the nozzle wall of this adjacent half of the headbox nozzle. In a multi-layer headbox, the "mapping" is related to the portion of the headbox nozzle that is adjacent to the nozzle wall having the orifice.

With regard to the practical application, the headbox according to the invention thus has at least two groups of lamellae, a first group with longer lamellae, which is associated with the nozzle wall having the diaphragm, and at least one further, in particular a second group with shorter lamellae, the Facing facing nozzle wall facing away.

In a first preferred embodiment, it is provided that all longer lamellae are associated with the nozzle wall having the orifice. Thus, the two-sidedness of the layer orientation can effectively be counteracted due to the velocity profile prevailing in the headbox nozzle.

The respective longer lamella preferably has a lamella length in the range of 75 to 130%, preferably in the range of 80 to 120% of the length of the headbox nozzle. Should this particular longer lamella be beyond the aperture, it should not exceed a protrusion of 0 to 20 mm from the headbox to avoid leaf disturbances, for example in the form of white spots. By contrast, the respective shorter lamella preferably has a lamellar length in the range of ≦ 80%, preferably ≦ 75%, of the length of the headbox nozzle. In this case, in a further embodiment, at least some, preferably all slats have an adjustable slat length. Corresponding devices for adjusting slat lengths are known to the person skilled in the art from a large number of publications.

In view of a high degree of standardization and low storage levels are provided in a further favorable embodiment slats with only two different slat lengths. This also provides the advantage of improved interchangeability of lamellae.

Furthermore, at least some, preferably all lamellae are preferably provided at least in regions with a structured surface. This structured surface may, for example, be a downstream and structured lamella tip, wherein the structure may take the form of grooves of rectangular and / or wedge-shaped and / or parabolic and / or round shape with constant and / or different depth. This proposed geometry results in the advantage of the availability of stable flow conditions even with asymmetric flow channels and the best possible flow of the structured downstream fin end with respect to a vortex avoidance.

Further, for improved avoidance of leaf disturbances, for example in the form of white spots, the iridescent nozzle wall - seen in the flow direction of the at least one pulp suspension - preferably a settable supernatant in the range of 0 to 20 mm, preferably in the range of 0 to 10 mm from the diaphragm exhibit. In general, the iris-free nozzle wall-viewed in the direction of flow of the at least one pulp suspension-can have a preferably adjustable board from projection to gap height in the range from 0 to 10, preferably in the range from 1 to 5, since in this area the influence of the iridescence-free nozzle wall on the layers Orientation can be minimized in an excellent way.

Moreover, it may be advantageous if the diaphragm has a main surface touched by the at least one pulp suspension, which runs parallel to the inner surface of the associated nozzle wall. This provides a fluidically optimal design of the end region of the headbox, in particular the aperture for reducing the jet contraction.

In addition, the head box headbox according to the invention can also be designed as a multi-layer headbox having at least one preferably solid separating wedge, preferably as a two-layer headbox. This embodiment additionally offers the possibility that different flow velocities can be run in the individual layers of the multilayer headbox. This represents another potential for influencing the layer orientation.

Even with a multi-layer casserole, the at least one separating wedge should have a separating bar length in the range of 80 to 120%, preferably in the range of 95 to have 110% of the length of the headbox, since this can be minimized the already mentioned leaf disturbances.

The headbox headbox according to the invention may further be followed by a gap former having two endless sieves, each forming a wire loop, of which the first wire is passed over a former having a curved support surface and the second wire is passed over another element, the two wires thereafter forming a wedge-shaped material inlet gap, which receives the at least one fibrous suspension directly from the head box according to the invention, converging in the region of the former or after the expiration of the two sieves of the respective element and then form a Doppelsiebstrecke.

In this case, the nozzle wall having the orifice can be arranged identically or mutually to the forming device. In the case of a mutual arrangement obtained by the centrifugal forces a stronger drainage on the outer side, in addition, the jet velocity profile, ie the effect of the longer slats used there, immediately frozen. A similar result is also achieved when the shutter and the curved support surface of the former are on the same side.

The shaping device preferably has at least one forming roller or a forming shoe from a technological point of view, whereas the further element may comprise at least one breast roll.

Further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments with reference to the drawings.

Figur 1

eine schematische und geschnittene Seitenansicht eines stromabwärtigen Teils einer Stoffauflaufdüse eines erfindungsgemäßen Stoffauflaufs,

Figur 2

eine schematische und geschnittene Seitenansicht einer Stoffauflaufdüse eines erfindungsgemäßen Mehrschichtenstoffauflaufs, und

Figuren 3 und 4

zwei schematische und geschnittene Seitenansichten eines stromabwärtigen Teils von zwei weiteren Ausführungsformen einer Stoffauflaufdüse eines erfindungsgemäßen Stoffauflaufs mit nachgeordnetem Spaltformer.

Show it

FIG. 1

a schematic and sectional side view of a downstream part of a headbox of a head box according to the invention,

FIG. 2

a schematic and sectional side view of a headbox nozzle of a multilayer headbox according to the invention, and

FIGS. 3 and 4

two schematic and sectional side views of a downstream part of two further embodiments of a headbox of a headbox according to the invention with downstream Spaltformer.

1 shows a schematic and sectional view of a headbox 1 for a machine for producing a merely schematically indicated fibrous web 2 from at least one pulp suspension 3. The fibrous web 2 formed from the at least one pulp suspension 3 may be in particular a paper, cardboard or tissue web.

The headbox 1 has a headbox nozzle 4 having an upper nozzle wall 5 and a lower nozzle wall 6 and two side walls 7, 8 not shown, tapering to a gap 9 and having a nozzle chamber 10 through which the at least one pulp suspension 2 flows.

The nozzle chamber 10 of the headbox nozzle 4 is at least partially divided by a plurality of fins 11.1 to 11.4, which extend starting from the flow direction R (arrow) inlet side nozzle end 12 into the nozzle chamber 10.

Further, a positionable and over the machine width B (arrow) extending aperture 13 is arranged on the outlet side of the upper nozzle wall 5. The aperture 13 is, for example, of several, across the machine width B (arrow) Distributed and not shown adjusting devices (arrow 14), in particular spindle drives, for the purpose of their positioning applied.

It is a combination of two longer slats 11.1, 11.2 and two shorter slats 11.3, 11.4 provided, wherein the respective longer slat 11.1, 11.2 of the diaphragm 13 having upper nozzle wall 5 is assigned. In short, there are two groups 11.A, 11.B provided by lamellae 11.1 to 11.4, a first group 11.A with longer lamellae 11.1, 11.2, which is associated with the diaphragm 13 having the upper nozzle wall 5, and a second group 11th .B with shorter lamellae 11.3, 11.4, which faces away from the diaphragm 13 having the upper nozzle wall 5. In this case, the slats 11.1, 11.2 (panel 13) should be longer in total than the slats 11.3, 11.4.

The respective longer lamella 11.1, 11.2 has a lamella length LL in the range of 75% (representation) to 130% (dashed line), preferably in the range of 80 to 120% of the length LD of the headbox nozzle 4. By contrast, the respective shorter lamella 11.3, 11.4 has a lamellar length LL in the range of ≦ 80%, preferably ≦ 75%, of the length LD of the headbox nozzle 4. So there are slats 11.1, 11.2 and 11.3, 11.4 provided with only two different slat lengths LL. At least some, preferably all slats 11.1 to 11.4 can have an adjustable slat length LL.

Furthermore, at least the longer fins 11.1, 11.2 are provided at least in regions with a structured surface 15. The structured surface 15 forms a downstream and structured fin tip 16, which structure may be in the form of grooves of rectangular and / or wedge-shaped and / or parabolic and / or round shape with constant and / or different depths.

The iris-free lower nozzle wall 6-seen in the flow direction R (arrow) of the at least one pulp suspension 3-has a preferably adjustable supernatant L in the range of 0 to 20 mm, preferably in the range of 0 to 10 mm with respect to the diaphragm 13 on. The adjustability of the supernatant L is indicated by a double arrow E. Basically, the iris-free lower nozzle wall 6 - seen in the flow direction R (arrow) of at least one pulp suspension 3 - a preferably adjustable board V of supernatant L to gap height s in the range of 0 to 10, preferably in the range of 1 to 5. With regard to the further embodiment of the preferably adjustable board V of the lower nozzle wall 6 is on the German Offenlegungsschrift DE 103 24 711 A1 The content of which is hereby made the subject of the present description.

The orifice 13 of the headbox 1 may moreover have a main face 17, which is in contact with the inner face 18 of the upper nozzle wall 5 and is in contact with the at least one pulp suspension 3. With regard to the further embodiment of this "parallel diaphragm" 13 is based on the German patent application DE 10 2004 047 879 A1 The content of which is hereby made the subject of the present description.

Finally, the velocity profile G in the z-direction (height direction, double arrow) of the pulp suspension jet formed from the pulp suspension 3 is shown in FIG. This velocity profile G has due to the asymmetric arrangement of the slats 11.1, 11.2 and 11.3, 11.4 as well as a clear asymmetry. The beam is significantly slower on the upper side, ie on the side with the longer fins 11.1, 11.2.

FIG. 2 shows a schematic side view of a multilayer headbox 100 for a machine for producing a fibrous web 2, which is indicated only schematically, from at least two pulp suspensions 3.1, 3.2, preferably with different properties. In the case of the at least two pulp suspensions 3.1, 3.2 formed fibrous web 2 may in turn be in particular a paper, board or tissue web.

With regard to the basic structural design of the multilayer headbox 100, reference is made to the description of the headbox 1 of FIG. 1 designed as a single-bed headbox.

The multi-layer headbox 100 shown is designed as a two-layer headbox with two flow areas 101.1, 101.2 and thus has a separating wedge 102 with a separating length LT in the range of 80 to 120%, preferably in the range of 95 to 110% of the length LD of the headbox 4.

The flow velocities v1, v2 (arrows) in the individual layers S1, S2 present in the two flow regions 101.1, 101.2 can either be the same, approximately the same or different. Thus, optionally, a two-sidedness of said layer orientation can additionally be counteracted.

Furthermore, an aperture 103 is also present on the lower nozzle wall 6, which also has a lower lip board U. This is usually carried out as already described in the figure 1 way.

It is in turn a combination of two longer slats 104.1, 104.2 and two shorter slats 104.3, 104.4 provided, wherein the respective longer slat 104.1, 104.2 of the diaphragm 13 having upper nozzle wall 5 is assigned. In short, there are provided two groups 104.A, 104.B of lamellae 104.1 to 104.4, a first group 104.A with longer lamellae 104.1, 104.2 for the layer S1, which is associated with the diaphragm 13 having the upper nozzle wall 5, and second group 104.B with shorter lamellae 104.3, 104.4 for the layer S2, that of the diaphragm 103 having lower nozzle wall. 6 is facing. The lamellae 104.1 to 104.4 of the two groups 104.A and 104B have an asymmetrical arrangement, since the multilayer headbox 100 has an asymmetrical nozzle chamber 10 due to the management of the diaphragm 103.

The lamellae 104.1 to 104.4 are arranged between the adjacent rows Z of a turbulence generating means 105 and in each case preferably connected in an articulated manner to the latter by means of a hinge-like lamella holder 106. With regard to the further embodiment of the hinge-like plate holder 106 is on the German Offenlegungsschrift DE 199 62 709 A1 The content of which is hereby made the subject of the present description.

FIG. 3 shows a schematic and sectional side view of a downstream part of a first embodiment of a headbox 4 of a headbox 1 according to the invention with a downstream gap former 200.

The gap former 200 has two endless sieves 201, 202, each forming a sieve loop 203, 204, of which the first sieve 201 is guided via a forming device 205 with a curved support surface 206 and the second sieve 202 is guided over a further element 207. Thereafter, the two screens 201, 202 together to form a wedge-shaped material inlet gap 208, which receives the at least one fibrous suspension 3 directly from the headbox 1 according to the invention. Subsequently, the two sieves 203, 204 with the introduced pulp suspension 3 form a twin-wire section 209.

The former 205 is configured as a forming roller 210, whereas the other member 207 is configured as a breast roller 211. The shaping device 205 can also be designed as a forming shoe in a further embodiment.

With regard to the basic structural design of the headbox 1 together with lamellas 11.1 to 11.4, reference is made to the description of the trained as Einschichtenstoffauflauf headbox 1 of Figure 1.

The aperture 13 having the upper nozzle wall 5 is mutually arranged in the present embodiment of the former 205. The lower nozzle wall 6, however, is glare-free.

The illustrated headbox 1 can of course also be designed as a multi-layer headbox, as shown for example in FIG. 2 and described accordingly.

FIG. 4 shows a schematic and sectional side view of a downstream part of a second embodiment of a headbox 4 of a headbox 1 according to the invention with a downstream gap former 200.

Since this embodiment differs only in the embodiment of the nozzle walls 5, 6 with the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, reference is made to the description of the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 for a general description thereof.

In this embodiment, the aperture 13 having the upper nozzle wall 5 is arranged on the same side of the former 205. The lower nozzle wall 6 is again glare-free.

The respective headbox 1 indicated in both FIGS. 3 and 4 may of course also be in the form of a multilayer headbox having at least one preferably solid separating wedge, preferably as a two-layer headbox.

In summary, it should be noted that a headbox of the type mentioned is further developed by the invention that the two-sidedness of the layer orientation between the top and bottom of the fibrous web can be selectively influenced.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

headbox

2

Fibrous web

3

Fibrous suspension

3.1

Fibrous suspension

3.2

Fibrous suspension

4

headbox

5

Upper nozzle wall

6

Lower nozzle wall

7

Side wall

8th

Side wall

9

gap

10

nozzle chamber

11.1, 11.2

Longer lamella

11.3, 11.4

Shorter slat

11.A

fin group

11.B

fin group

12

nozzle end

13

cover

14

Control devices (arrow)

15

surface

16

lamella tip

17

main area

18

palm

100

Multi-layer headbox

101.1

flow region

101.2

flow region

102

separating wedge

103

cover

104.1, 104.2

Longer lamella

104.3, 104.4

Shorter slat

104.a

group

104.b

group

105

Turbulence generator

106

Blade support

200

gap former

201

First sieve

202

Second sieve

203

wire loop

204

wire loop

205

forming device

206

Curved support surface

207

element

208

Stock inlet gap

209

twin-wire

210

forming roll

211

breast roll

B

Machine width (arrow)

e

double arrow

G

velocity profile

L

Got over

LD

Length (headbox nozzle)

LL

lamellar length

LT

Separating wedge length

R

Flow direction (arrow)

s

gap height

S1

layer

S2

layer

U

Lower lip Board

V

Board

v1

Flow velocity (arrow)

v2

Flow velocity (arrow)

z

Height direction (double arrow)

Z

row

Claims (15)

Headbox (1; 100) of a machine for producing a fibrous web (2) from at least one pulp suspension (3; 3.1, 3.2), with one upper nozzle wall (5) and one lower nozzle wall (6) and two side walls (7, 8) The headbox nozzle (4) tapering to a gap (9) and having a nozzle space (10) through which the at least one pulp suspension (3; 3.1, 3.2) flows, wherein the nozzle space (10) of the headbox nozzle (4) is at least partially provided by several Slats (11.1 to 11.4, 104.1 to 104.4) is divided, which extend from the inlet end in the flow direction (R) nozzle end (2) in the nozzle chamber (10), and wherein on a nozzle wall (5) on the outlet side a positionable and over the machine width (B) extending aperture (13) is arranged,
characterized,
that a combination of at least a long blade (11.1, 11.2; 104.1, 104.2) and at least one shorter lamella (11.3, 11.4; 104.3, 104.4) is provided, with the respective longer lamella (11.1, 11.2; 104.1, 104.2) of the Aperture (13) having nozzle wall (5) is associated. Headbox (1; 100) according to claim 1,
characterized,
in that all the longer lamellas (11.1, 11.2, 104.1, 104.2) are assigned to the nozzle wall (5) having the diaphragm (13). Headbox (1; 100) according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized,
that the respective longer lamella (11.1, 11.2, 104.1, 104.2) has a lamellae length (LL) in the range of 75 to 130%, preferably in the range of 80 to 120% of the length (LD) of headbox nozzle (4). Headbox (1; 100) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that the respective shorter lamella (11.3, 11.4; 104.3, 104.4) a lamella length (LL) in the range of ≤ 80%, preferably ≤ 75% of the length (LD) of the headbox nozzle (4). Headbox (1; 100) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that at least some, preferably all lamellae (11.1 to 11.4; 104.1 to 104.4) an adjustable louver length (LL) have. Headbox (1; 100) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that lamellae (11.1 to 11.4; 104.1 to 104.4) are provided with only two different lamellae lengths (LL). Headbox (1; 100) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that at least some, preferably all lamellae (11.1 to 11.4; 104.1 to 104.4) has at least region-wise (with a structured surface are provided 159th Headbox (1; 100) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that the iris-free nozzle wall (6) - seen in the flow direction (R) of the at least one pulp suspension (3; 3.1, 3.2) - a preferably adjustable supernatant (L) in the range of 0 to 20 mm, preferably in the range of 0 to 10 mm the diaphragm (13). Headbox (1; 100) according to one of the preceding claims, in particular according to claim 8,
characterized,
that the iris-free nozzle wall (6) - seen in the flow direction (R) of the at least one pulp suspension (3; 3.1, 3.2) - has a preferably adjustable board (V) from overhang (L) to gap height (s) in the range from 0 to 10, preferably in the range of 1 to 5. Headbox (1; 100) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
in that the diaphragm (13) has a main surface (17) which is in contact with the at least one pulp suspension (3) and runs parallel to the inner surface (18) of the associated nozzle wall (6). Headbox (1; 100) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
in that it is designed as a multilayer headbox (100) having at least one preferably solid separating wedge (102), preferably as a two-layer headbox. Headbox (1; 100) according to claim 11,
characterized,
the at least one separating wedge (102) has a separating wedge length (LT) in the range of 80 to 120%, preferably in the range of 95 to 110% of the length (LD) having the headbox nozzle (4). Headbox (1; 100) according to one of the preceding claims, in which a gap former (200) with two endless sieves (201, 202) each forming a sieve loop (203, 204) is arranged downstream of which the first sieve (201) is guided via a forming device (205) with a curved support surface (206) and the second sieve (202) is guided over a further element (207), the two sieves (201, 202) thereafter forming a wedge-shaped material inlet gap (208), directly from the headbox (1) receiving at least one pulp suspension (3), in the region of the forming device (205) converging from the respective element after the expiration of the two screens and then form a Doppelsiebstrecke (209),
characterized,
in that the nozzle wall (5) having the diaphragm (13) is arranged opposite or at the same side as the former (205). Headbox (1; 100) according to claim 13,
characterized,
that the forming device (205) has at least one forming roll (210) or a forming shoe. Headbox (1; 100) according to claim 13 or 14,
characterized,
that the further element (207) has at least one breast roll (211).

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