EP1848973A1 - Piezoelektrischer sensor mit thermosensor und verstärkerschaltung - Google Patents
Piezoelektrischer sensor mit thermosensor und verstärkerschaltungInfo
- Publication number
- EP1848973A1 EP1848973A1 EP06706942A EP06706942A EP1848973A1 EP 1848973 A1 EP1848973 A1 EP 1848973A1 EP 06706942 A EP06706942 A EP 06706942A EP 06706942 A EP06706942 A EP 06706942A EP 1848973 A1 EP1848973 A1 EP 1848973A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- piezoelectric
- piezoelectric sensor
- sensor
- sensor according
- amplifier circuit
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000011089 mechanical engineering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002650 laminated plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002725 thermoplastic elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 3
- PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aluminum nitride Chemical compound [Al]#N PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001953 sensory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 PbZrTiO 3 (PZT) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004918 carbon fiber reinforced polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002990 reinforced plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P15/00—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration
- G01P15/02—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses
- G01P15/08—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values
- G01P15/09—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values by piezoelectric pick-up
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D3/00—Indicating or recording apparatus with provision for the special purposes referred to in the subgroups
- G01D3/028—Indicating or recording apparatus with provision for the special purposes referred to in the subgroups mitigating undesired influences, e.g. temperature, pressure
- G01D3/036—Indicating or recording apparatus with provision for the special purposes referred to in the subgroups mitigating undesired influences, e.g. temperature, pressure on measuring arrangements themselves
- G01D3/0365—Indicating or recording apparatus with provision for the special purposes referred to in the subgroups mitigating undesired influences, e.g. temperature, pressure on measuring arrangements themselves the undesired influence being measured using a separate sensor, which produces an influence related signal
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H11/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by detecting changes in electric or magnetic properties
- G01H11/06—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by detecting changes in electric or magnetic properties by electric means
- G01H11/08—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by detecting changes in electric or magnetic properties by electric means using piezoelectric devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/30—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices with mechanical input and electrical output, e.g. functioning as generators or sensors
- H10N30/302—Sensors
Definitions
- the invention relates to a piezoelectric sensor, which consists of a piezoelectric transducer, an amplifier circuit and at least one connection for external power or signal lines, wherein these elements are integrated on or in a support structure.
- the sensor allows a measurement under different temperature conditions.
- the piezoelectric sensor according to the invention is used for vibration, acceleration or deflection measurement, in particular in mechanical engineering, in aerospace or in the automotive industry.
- Piezoelectric sensors are used in the field of vibration measurement, acceleration detection and measurement of the smallest deflections in mechanical engineering, aerospace and in the automotive industry used for many years.
- piezoelectric materials it is possible to use the conversion of mechanical deformations into an electrical charge (direct piezoelectric effect) and, conversely, the expansion of the piezoelectric material when an electric field is applied.
- PZT PbZrTiO 3
- the piezoelectric transducers consist of electrodable and contactable materials, eg. B. made of quartz, aluminum nitride (ALN), PbZrTiO 3 (PZT), ceramics or a piezoelectric polymer, such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), in different geometrical size and shape. So they can as ceramic discs, as thin films as layers on a variety of metallic, semiconducting or insulating substrates, as fibers, for. B. embedded in a resin matrix, as a tube or
- the piezoelectric elements can cover a very wide frequency spectrum from virtually static processes up to several MHz, both sensory and actuatory. Thus, the sensory use of piezoelectric materials as ultrasonic transducers for medical or material investigation purposes is widespread.
- the piezoelectric transducers in combination with a corresponding electronic amplifier circuit as acceleration sensors, z. B. as impact sensors in motor vehicles. puts .
- Piezoelectric transducers for measuring strain, pressure, force or acceleration from different materials are in different
- Charge amplifiers as charge, current, voltage converters, usually as operational amplifier circuits, can be used as modular solutions in the field of metering devices, for example in the field of instrumentation.
- a measuring range switchover can take place via a change in capacitance in the electronic circuit or by connection or disconnection of individual transducers.
- the electronic amplifier circuits or converters may also be temperature-compensated, whereby a change in the amplification behavior is avoided depending on the temperature of the amplifier circuit.
- a piezoelectric sensor which has a support structure, at least one piezoelectric transducer, an amplifier circuit and at least one connection for external power and / or signal lines.
- a particular feature of the sensor according to the invention is that a thermal sensor is simultaneously contained and "the amplifier circuit contains a temperature compensation.” This makes it possible for variable temperature conditions in the environment to be taken into account with the amplifier circuit.
- the integration of all previously described components of the piezoelectric sensor on a carrier offers the great advantage of providing a measuring system with high mechanical flexibility, smallest size and minimum cost.
- the cost-effective production here is due in particular to the amplifier circuit that can be produced in semiconductor technology.
- the temperature compensation of the charge signal from the piezoelectric transducer renders the system insensitive to temperature fluctuations during the measurement.
- the miniaturized structure and optionally the mechanical flexibility allow the integration of the sensor into composite components or the application of the sensor on any Messobj ekten, without greatly affecting their mechanical nature or shape.
- the arrangement of the described components of the sensor, d. H. of the transducer, the amplifier circuit, the terminal, the sensor line and the temperature sensor is arbitrary insofar as the requirements for miniaturization of the sensor are met.
- an amplifier circuit is an operational amplifier circuit as part of the sensor. This is based on semiconductor circuits which can be produced by means of semiconductor technologies.
- the amplifier circuit has an additional adaptation and driver stage, which makes it possible to use even long current and / or signal lines of various designs and with different most electrical characteristics, z. B. in terms of capacitance or impedance, to be able to connect to the sensor.
- the amplifier circuit preferably consists of several individual amplifier stages.
- Capacitance multiplier consisting of a further operational amplifier and a comparatively small circuit that can still be integrated, the stage behaves like a capacitor whose nominal value can be up to a factor of 100 greater than the output capacitance.
- all materials that allow a miniaturization of the sensor are suitable as carrier structure.
- Particularly preferred are materials as a support structure, which allow a simple and inexpensive production.
- As preferred materials are here z. B. Plastic, metal, semiconductors or ceramics.
- the at least one transducer consists of a piezoelectric material. It preferably consists of quartz, ZnO, AlN, PbZrTiO 3 (PZT) or of a piezoelectric polymer, in particular polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF).
- the sensor can consist of one layer (unimorph) of two
- a transducer in the form of a disk, as a thin film, as a as a tube or as a stick.
- the piezoelectric transducers are preferably connected in the shortest distance to the amplifier circuit.
- the transducers and the amplifier circuit are superimposed, z. B. arranged in different layers.
- the distance can be in the range between 1 .mu.m to 10 mm.
- Another preferred variant provides that transducer and amplifier circuit laterally, d. H . next to each other in a surface, are arranged.
- the distance between the transducer and amplifier circuit in the range between 10 .mu.m to 100 mm. In this way, electromagnetic interference can be reduced to a minimum.
- any piezoelectric transducers can also be connected to the amplifier circuit.
- a further preferred variant provides that the sensor has a connection, via which an external voltage source can be connected.
- an external voltage source can be connected.
- the voltage source serves to change the gain of one or more amplifier stages in the amplifier circuit. In this way, a calibration or. Recalibration at any time possible. This is also true mglichglich, if the sensor according to the invention is already integrated in a measurement object or composite component.
- the sensor according to the invention can be prepared by conventional methods of construction and connection technology and the individual components can, for. B. by gluing, die-bonding and bumping techniques, e.g. B. be applied as a flip-chip, as well as wire-bonding method.
- thin layers for passivation can be applied to the sensor.
- These may preferably consist of an elastomer, a thermoplastic, a thermoplastic elastomer or a duromer.
- a "composite component” comprising the Inventions according to the piezoelectric sensor as described above.
- Constituents of the composite component may be metals, wood, glasses, polymers and ceramic materials quite generally.
- Under composite material according to the present invention is therefore also, for example, a metallic component, eg in the form of tubes, to be understood, on which the sensor according to the invention by means of Adhesive connection is attached.
- the composite component consists of a plastic or a plastic laminate.
- plastics these include in particular carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CPK), glass fiber reinforced plastics (GRP) and aramid reinforced plastics.
- the piezoelectric sensor according to the invention is used in the field of vibration, acceleration and / or deflection measurement.
- Typical applications include mechanical engineering, aerospace and the automotive industry.
- a typical example of the use of such systems is a crash sensor in automobiles.
- Fig. 1 shows a plan view of a piezoelectric sensor according to the invention.
- Fig. 2 shows a side view of a piezoelectric sensor according to the invention.
- Fig. 3 shows an electronic circuit variant of the amplifier circuit.
- Fig. 1 shows a plan view of an electrical sensor according to the invention.
- a piezoelectric transducer 2 is integrated on the support structure 1.
- the sensor has an amplifier circuit 3 in the form of a chip.
- the amplifier circuit can by means of semiconductor technology in the order of z. B. about 3x3 mm 2 are produced.
- a thermosensor 4 is additionally arranged between the measuring transducer and the amplifier circuit. In combination with the temperature compensation integrated in the amplifier circuit, measurements can be carried out even under different ambient temperature conditions.
- the inventive sensor has a connection 5, z. B. in the form of a plug contact, can be connected to the external power and / or signal lines 6.
- a driver stage is additionally integrated in the amplifier circuit 3.
- conductor tracks 8 can be seen in the figure, which connect the individual components with each other.
- FIG. 2 is a side view of the device shown in FIG. 1 illustrated inventive piezoelectric sensor.
- the z. B. made of plastic with metal or ceramic, a piezoelectric transducer 2 is arranged on the support structure 1, the z. B. made of plastic with metal or ceramic.
- a piezoelectric transducer 2 is arranged on the support structure 1, the z. B. made of plastic with metal or ceramic.
- this consists of a piezo-thin film with a thickness of about 2 microns.
- an insulating layer is additionally arranged, which has a thickness of about
- Another component of the sensor according to the invention is an amplifier circuit in the form of a chip, which is about 0, 3 mm thick. Between the piezoelectric transducer 2 and the amplifier circuit 3, a temperature sensor is arranged, which in the present case has a thickness of 0.05 mm owns. At the other end of the support structure 1, a terminal 5 is arranged in the form of a plug-in contact, to which a sensor cable, for. B. a power or signal line, can be connected. Due to the miniaturized structure described here, very thin sensors can be produced. The variant described here has a thickness of not more than 0.5 mm.
- Fig. 3 a variant of a circuit diagram of the amplifier circuit is shown.
- the diagram consists of three essential elements.
- the unit A consists of the input stage, which has a charge amplifier.
- the maximum charge to be processed and the maximum possible output voltage determine the value of the charge capacitor via a linear relationship.
- the time constant of R and C is very large in order to be able to evaluate very low frequencies of the charge signal without amplitude and phase errors.
- the amplifier circuit furthermore has the unit B.
- This is a pre-stage, which is made up of a rail-to-rail operational amplifier.
- the nominal amplification factor is 1. Via an externally supplied voltage, the nominal value can be selected smaller (attenuation) or larger (amplification) in a narrow range.
- the third essential part of the circuit diagram relates to the unit C, which has a further amplifier.
- This amplifier generates the common mode voltage (Vdd-2) and thus defines the operating point of the other two stages.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102005006666A DE102005006666A1 (de) | 2005-02-14 | 2005-02-14 | Piezoelektrischer Sensor und dessen Verwendung |
PCT/EP2006/001336 WO2006084767A1 (de) | 2005-02-14 | 2006-02-14 | Piezoelektrischer sensor mit thermosensor und verstärkerschaltung |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1848973A1 true EP1848973A1 (de) | 2007-10-31 |
Family
ID=36776051
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP06706942A Withdrawn EP1848973A1 (de) | 2005-02-14 | 2006-02-14 | Piezoelektrischer sensor mit thermosensor und verstärkerschaltung |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20080127727A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1848973A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102005006666A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2006084767A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102006011370A1 (de) * | 2006-03-09 | 2007-09-20 | Eppendorf Ag | Vorrichtung zum Mischen insbesondere von Laborgefäß-Inhalten mit einem Sensor |
DE102006041226B4 (de) * | 2006-09-02 | 2015-05-13 | Diehl Ako Stiftung & Co. Kg | Drucktastschalter |
DE102010044767B4 (de) * | 2010-09-08 | 2017-07-13 | Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Kalibrieren eines Ladungsverstärkers einer piezoelektrischen Messkette |
DE102010060906B4 (de) | 2010-11-30 | 2014-01-02 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Sensormodul mit Weckeinrichtung |
CN102364879A (zh) * | 2011-06-23 | 2012-02-29 | 苏州瀚瑞微电子有限公司 | 电容式触摸按键的电路结构 |
DE102012222239A1 (de) | 2012-12-04 | 2014-06-05 | iNDTact GmbH | Messeinrichtung und Bauteil mit darin integrierter Messeinrichtung |
US10725202B2 (en) * | 2017-07-21 | 2020-07-28 | Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc | Downhole electronics package having integrated components formed by layer deposition |
RU2666178C1 (ru) * | 2017-12-26 | 2018-09-06 | Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Национальный исследовательский университет "Московский институт электронной техники" | Пьезоэлектрический полимерный датчик матричного типа |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1555700A (en) * | 1976-11-18 | 1979-11-14 | Birchall D J | Lectronic instrument amplifier |
US4577510A (en) * | 1984-09-06 | 1986-03-25 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Dynamic polymer pressure transducer with temperature compensation |
DE3640242A1 (de) * | 1986-11-25 | 1988-05-26 | Vdo Schindling | Schaltungsanordnung fuer einen sensor |
EP0374870B1 (de) * | 1988-12-23 | 1993-04-07 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Beschleunigungsmessaufnehmer |
AT393416B (de) * | 1989-04-27 | 1991-10-25 | Avl Verbrennungskraft Messtech | Messverfahren zur bestimmung bzw. ueberwachung von mechanischen und/oder physikalischen groessen |
US5130600A (en) * | 1989-06-02 | 1992-07-14 | Mitsubishi Petrochemical Co., Ltd. | Acceleration sensor |
DE59205962D1 (de) * | 1992-01-14 | 1996-05-15 | Siemens Ag | Ladungsverstärker |
US5808197A (en) * | 1995-01-13 | 1998-09-15 | Remec, Inc. | Vehicle information and control system |
DE19507235C1 (de) * | 1995-03-02 | 1996-08-22 | Wolfgang Winter | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Messung und Nutzung atmosphärischer Störungen beim antriebslosen Flug |
FR2739936B1 (fr) * | 1995-10-11 | 1997-11-14 | Snecma | Amplificateur de charge differentiel pour capteur piezoelectrique |
JPH09318653A (ja) * | 1996-05-28 | 1997-12-12 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 半導体センサ及びその出力調整方法 |
EP1049915B1 (de) * | 1997-11-18 | 2003-09-24 | HERA Rotterdam B.V. | Piezoelektrischer dehnungssensor und verfahren zur messung von dehnungen auf oberflächen mit einem solchen sensor |
-
2005
- 2005-02-14 DE DE102005006666A patent/DE102005006666A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2006
- 2006-02-14 EP EP06706942A patent/EP1848973A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-02-14 WO PCT/EP2006/001336 patent/WO2006084767A1/de active Application Filing
- 2006-02-14 US US11/815,150 patent/US20080127727A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2006084767A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20080127727A1 (en) | 2008-06-05 |
WO2006084767A1 (de) | 2006-08-17 |
DE102005006666A1 (de) | 2006-08-24 |
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Inventor name: BRUNNER, BERNHARD Inventor name: GUTIERREZ BORONAT, JAVIER Inventor name: SPIES, PETER Inventor name: HOUBERTZ-KRAUSS, RUTH Inventor name: SPORN, DIETER Inventor name: FOERSTER, FRANK Inventor name: DOMANN, GERHARD |
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RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: DOMANN, GERHARD Inventor name: BRUNNER, BERNHARD Inventor name: SPIES, PETER Inventor name: SPORN, DIETER Inventor name: GUTIERREZ BORONAT, JAVIER Inventor name: HOUBERTZ-KRAUSS, RUTH Inventor name: FOERSTER, FRANK |
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RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: SPIES, PETER Inventor name: FOERSTER, FRANK Inventor name: BRUNNER, BERNHARD Inventor name: HOUBERTZ-KRAUSS, RUTH Inventor name: DOMANN, GERHARD Inventor name: SPORN, DIETER Inventor name: GUTIERREZ BORONAT, JAVIER |
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