EP1848891A1 - Sealing device for a fuel injector, and sealing method - Google Patents
Sealing device for a fuel injector, and sealing methodInfo
- Publication number
- EP1848891A1 EP1848891A1 EP06706983A EP06706983A EP1848891A1 EP 1848891 A1 EP1848891 A1 EP 1848891A1 EP 06706983 A EP06706983 A EP 06706983A EP 06706983 A EP06706983 A EP 06706983A EP 1848891 A1 EP1848891 A1 EP 1848891A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sealing
- concave
- seat edge
- edge
- sealing seat
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 152
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005923 long-lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009715 pressure infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
- F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
- F02M61/166—Selection of particular materials
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
- F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
- F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
- F02M61/168—Assembling; Disassembling; Manufacturing; Adjusting
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
- F02M2200/16—Sealing of fuel injection apparatus not otherwise provided for
Definitions
- the invention relates to a sealing device for a fuel injector, in particular a sealing device for a nozzle retaining nut of the fuel injector, to ensure a fluid-tight connection between the fuel injector
- Fuel injector and a cylinder head Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for fluid-sealing a component of a fuel injector with a cylinder head.
- a nozzle retaining nut holds the two main components of a fuel injector - an injector and a valve body - firmly together.
- the injection nozzle protrudes into a combustion chamber of an automobile engine, with the valve body arranged thereabove actuating the injection nozzle.
- the seal assembly is exposed to high thermal loads (-40 0 C at cold start in winter, to over +150 0 C under operating conditions) and on the other hand, the sealing device is exposed to high mechanical, especially vibration loads.
- the sealing arrangement must ensure a long-lasting load, permanent sealing state between fuel injector and cylinder head.
- both sealing surfaces must be machined very precisely in order to achieve a permanent fluid-tight connection. Due to the side play to be provided between the fuel injector and the injector bore, no centering between the fuel injector and the injector bore is possible with this embodiment, so that this must be done by means of other inputs or devices.
- a nozzle retaining nut has a frustoconical region at a free end, which can be inserted into a corresponding frustoconical injector bore section.
- a circumferential angle difference of 2 ° to max.
- the angle difference of 2 ° to 5 ° is too small to prevent jamming and to ensure self-centering.
- Increasing the angular difference between the truncated cone on the nozzle retaining nut and the conical bore in the cylinder head to more than 5 ° would reduce the subsequent sealing quality, which could lead to leaks in the operation of the fuel injector.
- the fuel injector should have a good self-centering during assembly of the fuel injector in the cylinder head and produce a permanently fluid-tight connection between the fuel injector and the cylinder head in cooperation with the cylinder head.
- the object of the invention is achieved by means of a sealing device or a sealing arrangement for a cylinder head and a fuel injector, in particular for a nozzle retaining nut of the fuel injector and the cylinder head, wherein the one component has a radially preferably completely encircling, extending in a longitudinal direction, concave cross-sectional profile, which on / in a sealing surface or sealing edge of a second component fluid-sealing attachable / can be pressed.
- the nozzle retaining nut of the fuel injector is configured with a radial and completely circumferential concave chamfer.
- a sealing seat edge is designed to run horizontally or at an angle within a stepped injector bore.
- the concave chamfer and the sealing edge of the sealing seat edge interact in a special way.
- a pre-assembly or centering state of the fuel injector is used with its nozzle lock nut in the injector bore without artificial forces acting on the fuel injector.
- the dimensions of the nozzle retaining nut and the injector bore are selected such that the concave region or the concave groove of the nozzle retaining nut is seated against the sealing edge of the sealing seat edge of the injector bore.
- a kinematic reversal, so Injektorbohrung with Konkavfase and nozzle retaining nut with preferably frustoconical sealing seat edge are also possible.
- the concave chamfer of the nozzle retaining nut sits only with a circle or a thin circular ring (centering state) on the edge of the sealing seat edge, as a result of which the nozzle clamping nut can not jam in the injector bore. Due to the low friction between the nozzle retaining nut and the cylinder head, the fuel injector aligns itself in the injector bore in a self-centering manner.
- the concave chamfer preferably has the lowest possible coefficient of adhesion and / or sliding friction, as a result of which self-centering is still favored.
- the sealing state between the fuel injector and the cylinder head can be assumed.
- the fuel injector is pressed with a large static force into the injector bore or the sealing seat which is formed in the bore, whereby the preferably harder concave area relative to the cylinder head plastically deforms the sealing seat edge and thus presses it into the sealing seat edge is that a fluid-tight connection between the nozzle lock nut and cylinder head is made.
- the angle in the centering between a tangent to a contact point between the seat edge and Konkavfase, with the radially outwardly extending sealing seat edge is about 10 °, resulting in a good self-centering of the fuel injector in the cylinder head.
- a tangent angle of a radially outer contact point between Konkavfase and sealing seat edge changes to the usual in the prior art 2 ° to 5 °.
- the cylinder head or the sealing seat edge here are usually made of aluminum or magnesium.
- a connecting straight line which, in the centering state, passes through the contact point of the concave chamfer with the sealing seat edge and through a peripheral point on the outer diameter of the concave region (in this case the two points of the straight line and a longitudinal axis of the nozzle lock nut lie in one plane) with a corresponding diametrically opposite straight line an angle of preferably about 108 ° or about 110 °.
- the radius of the preferably part-circular concave bevel is 55 mm ⁇ 20 mm, in particular 55 mm ⁇ 5 mm.
- the invention relates to a motor vehicle, an engine or a cylinder head with a fuel injector according to the invention or a fuel injector with a nozzle retaining nut according to the invention.
- the object of the invention by means of a method for centering and fluid sealing two components, in particular for centering and fluid sealing of a fuel injector or a nozzle lock nut relative to a cylinder head, solved.
- the first component has a radial and preferably completely encircling concave region which, for a pre-assembly state, is attached to a sealing seat edge of the second component for centering the two components relative to one another.
- the concave region moves under an elastic, but preferably plastic, deformation of the material of the sealing seat edge into the second component in such a way that between the concave region and the sealing seat edge 6 001381
- Fig. Ia a seal assembly according to the invention in the preassembled state
- FIG. Ib shows a nozzle retaining nut with a sealing device according to the invention
- FIG. 3a shows the sealing device according to the invention from FIG. 2 in a centering state with a cylinder head in partial section
- FIG. 3bb shows the sealing device according to the invention from FIG. 2 in the sealing state with the cylinder head
- Fig. 4 shows the sealing region according to the invention of the nozzle retaining nut of FIG. 2 in an enlarged view, and an additional detail in section; 5a shows a second embodiment of the sealing device according to the invention in the centering state in partial section; and
- FIG. 5b the second embodiment of the sealing device according to the invention of Fig. 5a in the sealing state.
- FIGS. 1 a and 1 b show a seal arrangement according to the invention, in particular for the permanent and high-pressure-proof fluid-tight sealing of two components 10 and 40, e.g. B. a nozzle clamping nut 10 and a cylinder head 40th
- FIG. 1a shows a preassembled state of the two components 10, 40, wherein the component 10 preferably centers itself relative to the component 40, therefore this pre-assembly state is also called a centering state.
- this pre-assembly state is also called a centering state.
- self-centering of the two components 10, 40 relative to one another is not absolutely necessary for the invention; It is sufficient if the first component 10 can be attached to the second component 40, without a mutual DiaZentr réelle. However, if a mutual centering is necessary, but self-centering is not possible, this should be done by external means.
- the first component 10 has a concave region 122
- the second component 40 has a sealing seat edge 422.
- the concave portion 122 sits with a central portion on the edge 424 of the sealing seat edge 422.
- the middle section of the concave area 122 can only be seen as one point or small area (contact point between concave area 122 and sealing seat edge 422), but for the preferably rotationally symmetrical component 10, this is ideally a circle or a thin circular ring , A seating of the smallest diameter of the concave portion 122 (lower edge on the component 10) on the sealing seat edge 422 (see also Fig. 5a and b) is also possible (further embodiment).
- a portion of the concave portion 122 by at least elastic, preferably plastic deformation of the material of the second component 40 in the sealing seat edge 422 impressed or pressed.
- the impressing of the first component 10 into the second component 40 occurs in a section from the edge 424 of the sealing seat edge 422 radially outward from a longitudinal axis L of the sealing arrangement. away.
- the deformation of the second component 40 is indicated by a dashed line in Fig. Ib.
- FIGS. 2 to 4 show a first preferred embodiment of the sealing arrangement according to the invention, wherein the inventive sealing arrangement is arranged on a nozzle retaining nut 10 and a cylinder head 40 associated therewith.
- the sealing arrangement according to the invention serves to seal a fuel injector 1 preferably via its nozzle retaining nut 10 in an injector bore 42 of the cylinder head 40 with respect to a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine.
- a sealing device according to the invention is preferably located at the lower free end of the nozzle retaining nut 10, which tensions an injection nozzle 20 with a valve body 30 and combines it to form a fuel injector 1 (see FIG.
- the sealing device according to the invention can also be provided on the fuel injector 1 itself, the nozzle retaining nut 10 then assumes no or only other sealing tasks for the fuel injector 1.
- This first embodiment of the sealing device on the nozzle retaining nut 10 comes into abutment with a sealing seat in the injector bore 42 (FIGS. 3a and 3b), the sealing device and sealing seat cooperating together according to the principle of the invention according to FIGS.
- a sealing or centering region 12 of the nozzle retaining nut 10 is preferably constructed in two parts.
- a conical area 122 adjoins a concave area 122 from below.
- the concave area 122 and the truncated cone area 126 serve to insert the nozzle retaining nut 10 or the fuel injector 1 into the injector bore 42 (FIGS. 3a and 3b), the concave area 122 being designed for this purpose is to center the nozzle retaining nut 10 at a sealing seat edge 422 of the injector bore 42 in the centering or pre-assembly state.
- the nozzle retaining nut 10 is of radially symmetrical construction, the concave region 122 having a radially extending and completely encircling concave chamfer 124, which extends with its cross-sectional profile in the longitudinal direction. Axial direction L of the nozzle lock nut 10 extends upward.
- the nozzle retaining nut 10 may also be constructed so that the truncated cone portion 126 is absent and only the concave portion 122 is present at the lower, substantially conical portion of the nozzle retaining nut 10.
- a cylinder region 14 of the nozzle retaining nut 10 adjoins above, in which mainly the valve body 30 is received.
- the concave chamfer 124 or the concave region 122 sits on an edge 424 of a sealing seat edge 422.
- the edge 424 of the sealing seat rim 422 essentially describes a circle or a thin circular ring on the concave chamfer 124. The more circular (in one plane) this section on the concave chamfer 124, the more centered the nozzle chuck nut 10 sits in the injector bore 42 of the cylinder head 40 ,
- the injector bore 42 is preferably a stepped circular cylinder bore, whose lower portion of smaller diameter receives a portion of the injection nozzle 20 and the upper diameter larger portion of the nozzle retaining nut 10 of the fuel injector 1. Both regions are preferably connected via a cone or a circular ring bevel (referred to below as truncated cone region 426); however, it is also possible to have a horizontal step which forms a right angle with the respective section of the injector bore 42.
- the contact point M (sectional view of FIG. 3a) or the contact circle (ring) M (real) is located.
- the sealing seat edge 422 of the injector bore 42 is preferably an inner section of the truncated cone region 426 of the injector bore 42, the truncated cone region 426 having the truncated cone region 126 of the nozzle retaining nut 10 having a circumferential opening angle of approximately 0.5 ° to 5 ° (ideal centering state) circle formed by all points M is perpendicular to L). Further angular relationships as shown in FIG. 3a are given in the context of the explanation of FIG. 4.
- FIG. 3b shows a sealing state of nozzle retaining nut 10 and cylinder head 40, wherein the nozzle retaining nut 10 is pressed into the sealing seat edge 422 of the injector bore 42 with a preferably plastic deformation of the sealing seat edge 422.
- a deformation of the inner sealing seat edge 422 preferably takes place inward (see description of FIG. 1b).
- a circular surface pressure with a high, uniform circular ring thickness and the highest possible surface pressure out, which has no points of discontinuity in the pressing.
- the outer diameter edge (A) of the concave chamfer 124 does not dive straight into the truncated cone region 426 or the sealing seat edge 422.
- FIG. 4 shows the sealing region 12 of the nozzle retaining nut 10 which is divided into the truncated cone region 126 and the concave region 122 in detail.
- the truncated cone region 126 and the concave region 122 have a common circle which can be seen, inter alia, in point A in FIG. 4. This is at the same time a circumferential circle point A of the largest outer diameter D a of the concave region 122.
- the concave chamfer 124 is preferably formed part-circular, wherein the radius R can vary between 20mm and 100mm. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the radius of the concave chamfer 124 is 55 55 ⁇ 5 mm. Correspondingly different radii arise when applying the inventive idea to other components; In principle, it is important that it is a concave contour. Not part-circular contours, which differ from a simple truncated cone, are also possible according to the invention.
- such a straight line T M is the tangent to the point M in the centering state of the nozzle retaining nut 10, the opening angle ⁇ M of the cone in the centering state preferably being between 104 ° and 110 °, depending on the radius R of the concave chamfer 124.
- a corresponding angle ⁇ A of the tangent T A to the point A is preferably between 107 ° and 113 °, again depending on the radius R of the concave chamfer 124.
- An angle ⁇ of a connecting line MA of the points M and A is preferably 106 ° to 112 ° °. All of these details are related to a point M, which adjusts itself in the centering state of the nozzle retaining nut 10.
- Point M begins when the nozzle retaining nut 10 is pressed into the cylinder head 40 along the concave chamfer 124 in the direction of the point A (and of course linearly along the sealing seat edge 422) (point Mn), with a straight line MnA of the tangent T A approaching more and more. This is illustrated in the sectional view in detail of FIG. 4.
- Mn is a radially outermost point of contact between concave chamfer 124 and sealing seat edge 422
- FIG. 5 a shows a second embodiment of the sealing device according to the invention for the fuel injector 1 or the nozzle retaining nut 10, wherein the concave chamfer 124 is not centered on the edge 424 of the sealing seat edge 422, but rather the lower edge on the sealing seat edge 422. that the injector bore 42 can be made smaller in diameter and closer to the injector 20 of the fuel injector 1 can approach.
- the upper edge of the concave chamfer 124 may also be seated alone on the sealing seat edge 422 (circle (ring) A, largest diameter of the concave chamfer 124).
- both circular edges I and A can rest on the sealing seat edge 422 in the centering state, which has the advantage that a centering position of the two components can be checked in such a way that the centering position is only assumed if both circular edges I and A completely against the sealing seat edge 422.
- FIG. 5b The sealing state is shown in FIG. 5b, wherein the two circles or annular edges I and A are pressed into the sealing seat edge 422 of the cylinder head 40 and, in the illustrated case, two
- the nozzle retaining nut 10 there is no cavity between the nozzle retaining nut 10 and the cylinder head 40.
- this vent closes automatically by the Pressing the nozzle lock nut 10 in the cylinder head 40.
- This can, for. Example, by a groove in the cylinder head 40 or in the nozzle lock nut 10, in which material of the nozzle lock nut 10 or material of the cylinder head 40 penetrates during pressing.
- holes are suitable which can be closed in a similar way.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102005006818A DE102005006818A1 (en) | 2005-02-15 | 2005-02-15 | Sealing device for a fuel injector and method for sealing |
PCT/EP2006/001381 WO2006087186A1 (en) | 2005-02-15 | 2006-02-15 | Sealing device for a fuel injector, and sealing method |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1848891A1 true EP1848891A1 (en) | 2007-10-31 |
EP1848891B1 EP1848891B1 (en) | 2010-04-14 |
Family
ID=36218070
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP06706983A Not-in-force EP1848891B1 (en) | 2005-02-15 | 2006-02-15 | Sealing device for a fuel injector, and sealing method |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7559312B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1848891B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4664990B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN101146994B (en) |
AT (1) | ATE464473T1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE102005006818A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2006087186A1 (en) |
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US7617605B2 (en) * | 2005-06-16 | 2009-11-17 | Continental Automotive Systems Us, Inc. | Component geometry and method for blowout resistant welds |
JP4558021B2 (en) * | 2007-09-06 | 2010-10-06 | 日立オートモティブシステムズ株式会社 | Fuel injection valve and method for supporting the same |
DE102008005523A1 (en) * | 2008-01-23 | 2009-07-30 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | fuel injector |
DE202008004065U1 (en) * | 2008-03-25 | 2008-06-12 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | High pressure seal |
US7827964B2 (en) * | 2009-01-14 | 2010-11-09 | Ford Global Technologies | Fuel injection system for internal combustion engine with injector isolator |
US7823565B2 (en) * | 2009-01-14 | 2010-11-02 | Ford Global Technologies | Fuel injection system for internal combustion engine with injector isolator ring |
DE102009000285A1 (en) * | 2009-01-19 | 2010-07-22 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Fuel injector as well as internal combustion engine with fuel injector |
US8970097B2 (en) | 2009-01-23 | 2015-03-03 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. | Spark plug for internal combustion engine |
JP5320504B2 (en) * | 2010-03-30 | 2013-10-23 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Damping insulator for fuel injection valve and support structure for fuel injection valve |
EP2599990B1 (en) | 2010-07-30 | 2015-09-02 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Vibration damping insulator for fuel injection valve |
DE102011116118B4 (en) * | 2011-10-15 | 2013-07-04 | Daimler Ag | brake disc |
DE102012204310A1 (en) * | 2012-03-19 | 2013-09-19 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | A sealed over-molded component and method for producing such a component |
JP5831510B2 (en) * | 2012-11-20 | 2015-12-09 | 株式会社デンソー | Fuel injection valve and fuel injection valve mounting method |
US10036355B2 (en) | 2013-08-08 | 2018-07-31 | Cummins Inc. | Heat transferring fuel injector combustion seal with load bearing capability |
US9410520B2 (en) * | 2013-08-08 | 2016-08-09 | Cummins Inc. | Internal combustion engine including an injector combustion seal positioned between a fuel injector and an engine body |
US20150068485A1 (en) * | 2014-11-18 | 2015-03-12 | Caterpillar Inc. | Cylinder head having wear resistant laser peened portions |
DE102018204492A1 (en) * | 2018-03-23 | 2019-09-26 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | fuel injector |
US11174825B2 (en) * | 2019-02-11 | 2021-11-16 | Caterpillar Inc. | Seal configuration for fuel injector |
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-
2005
- 2005-02-15 DE DE102005006818A patent/DE102005006818A1/en not_active Ceased
-
2006
- 2006-02-15 JP JP2007554524A patent/JP4664990B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-02-15 EP EP06706983A patent/EP1848891B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2006-02-15 CN CN2006800049952A patent/CN101146994B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-02-15 WO PCT/EP2006/001381 patent/WO2006087186A1/en active Application Filing
- 2006-02-15 DE DE502006006694T patent/DE502006006694D1/en active Active
- 2006-02-15 US US11/816,147 patent/US7559312B2/en active Active - Reinstated
- 2006-02-15 AT AT06706983T patent/ATE464473T1/en active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See references of WO2006087186A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2006087186A1 (en) | 2006-08-24 |
JP2008530427A (en) | 2008-08-07 |
US20080156298A1 (en) | 2008-07-03 |
CN101146994A (en) | 2008-03-19 |
US7559312B2 (en) | 2009-07-14 |
JP4664990B2 (en) | 2011-04-06 |
DE502006006694D1 (en) | 2010-05-27 |
ATE464473T1 (en) | 2010-04-15 |
EP1848891B1 (en) | 2010-04-14 |
CN101146994B (en) | 2012-08-29 |
DE102005006818A1 (en) | 2006-08-17 |
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