EP1846971A1 - Systeme de pile a combustible a air comprime - Google Patents

Systeme de pile a combustible a air comprime

Info

Publication number
EP1846971A1
EP1846971A1 EP06705861A EP06705861A EP1846971A1 EP 1846971 A1 EP1846971 A1 EP 1846971A1 EP 06705861 A EP06705861 A EP 06705861A EP 06705861 A EP06705861 A EP 06705861A EP 1846971 A1 EP1846971 A1 EP 1846971A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel cell
cell system
compressed gas
supply
air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP06705861A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Peter Britz
Udo Martin
Nicolas Zartenar
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
P21 - Power for 21st Century GmbH
P21 Power for the 21st Century GmbH
Original Assignee
P21 - Power for 21st Century GmbH
P21 Power for the 21st Century GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by P21 - Power for 21st Century GmbH, P21 Power for the 21st Century GmbH filed Critical P21 - Power for 21st Century GmbH
Publication of EP1846971A1 publication Critical patent/EP1846971A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04268—Heating of fuel cells during the start-up of the fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
    • H01M8/04302—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/10—Fuel cells in stationary systems, e.g. emergency power source in plant
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02B90/10—Applications of fuel cells in buildings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present invention is directed to a fuel cell system operated at least partially or partially by oxidation gas. Furthermore, the invention is directed to a method for starting up a fuel cell system.
  • Fuel cell systems have been known for a long time and have gained considerable importance in recent years. Like battery systems, fuel cells chemically generate electrical energy by a redox reaction of hydrogen and oxygen, continuously feeding the individual reactants and continuously removing the reaction products.
  • a fuel cell basically consists of an anode part on which a fuel (for example hydrogen) is supplied. Furthermore, the fuel cell has a cathode part to which an oxidizing agent is supplied. Spatially separated are the anode and cathode part by the electrolyte.
  • a fuel for example hydrogen
  • Such an electrolyte may, for example, be a membrane. Such membranes have the ability to pass ions but retain gases. The electrons emitted during the oxidation are not transferred locally from atom to atom but are passed as electrical current through a consumer.
  • a gaseous reactant for the fuel cell for example, hydrogen can be used as fuel and oxygen as the oxidant in the cathode part.
  • This device for producing / processing a fuel consists for example of a dosing unit with evaporator, a reactor for reforming, for example for steam reforming, gas cleaning and often at least one catalytic burner to provide the process heat for the endothermic processes, such as the reforming process.
  • a fuel cell system usually consists of a plurality of fuel cells, which in turn may be formed, for example, from individual layers.
  • the fuel cells are preferably arranged one behind the other, for example stacked in a sandwich.
  • Fuel cell system is then referred to as a fuel cell stack or fuel cell stack.
  • a fuel cell system for emergency power supply should provide in a short time the energy required by the consumer to be monitored in case of power failure.
  • the system is equipped with capacitors or batteries.
  • capacitors or batteries For a conventional system with the supply of hydrogen from a compressed gas cylinder and the supply of atmospheric oxygen by a blower, the problem arises that at system startup of the fuel cell system, a portion of the stored energy in the capacitors or batteries for supplying the air blower to provide reaction air is consumed.
  • the blower takes some time to provide sufficient working pressure and flow.
  • the capacitors or batteries must be designed much larger, in order to bridge the extra energy and the extended journey time.
  • the diagram of Figure 2 also shows that, as expected, relatively high pressure drops occur at relatively high air flow rates (as shown on the right ordinate and with the diamond-shaped curve).
  • This fan must be very powerful on the one hand to provide the high volume flows and pressure losses and on the other hand in normal operation, for example a cell temperature of about 50 0 C, only very little air would have to transport to prevent over-drying of the cells. Thus, the fan is practically never operated at its ideal operating point.
  • the invention is thus based on the object to provide an improved fuel cell system, which makes it possible to perform a start-up phase of a fuel cell without or with the least possible external energy consumption and air flow optimized. Furthermore, an improved method for starting a fuel cell system is to be provided.
  • the invention is based on the principle to ensure the initial supply of the fuel cell system with oxidizing gas not by means of a blower, but by a compressed gas supply.
  • the invention is directed to a fuel cell system in which at least one fuel cell is fed at least temporarily and / or at least partially with an oxidation pressure gas.
  • a fuel cell system here is an arrangement of one or more fuel cells, for example stacks of fuel cells or
  • an oxidizing gas is meant a gas higher than atmospheric which is capable of oxidative reaction with the fuel used for the fuel cell.
  • the oxidative substance is oxygen, so that the oxidation pressure gas can be oxygen gas or an oxygen gas mixture with other gases.
  • the system has at least one
  • Gas cylinder on which contains pressurized oxidizing gas which can be supplied via a line of the cathode side of at least one fuel cell of the system.
  • an external compressed gas source for example a compressed air supply from outside, which maintains the necessary pressure, for example via a compressor, takes the place of the compressed gas storage.
  • a valve is arranged, which can control the supply of compressed gas to at least one fuel cell. Such a valve can then be opened in order to approach a corresponding fuel cell system, for example that of an emergency power supply.
  • the valve is preferably an electrically operated valve.
  • the valve is an electrically operated valve which is brought into a closed position by application of a current.
  • the valve opens self-sufficient, by the absence of voltage on the valve drive and thereby absorbs the supply of compressed gas without the need for an additional power supply.
  • the fuel supply can be equipped with a corresponding valve, so that the system can completely dispense with capacitors or batteries.
  • the valve may preferably be a check valve.
  • a Venturi nozzle is arranged in the system so that the Oxidationsd return gas at the Venturi nozzle can entrain ambient air and can lead to at least one fuel cell or leads.
  • a venturi nozzle is a device known per se in the art for entraining fluids in a fluid stream by negative pressure generated at bottlenecks by fluid flow in a pipe or other suitable device.
  • a well-known example of a Venturi device is the water jet pump, in which a water jet flowing in a pipe sucks an air region opening into the pipe.
  • the person skilled in the art is suitable Embodiments common to entrain with the aid of a fast flow of gas, such as the oxidation-pressure gas used in the invention, a second stream consisting of ambient air.
  • the very high pressure of the compressed gas can be implemented in a much larger total Oxidationsgasvolumen so that you can manage with a relatively small amount of compressed gas to start the fuel cell system.
  • the Venturi nozzle can be arranged, for example, in the line between gas storage and fuel cells, in the flow direction, of course, downstream of the valve.
  • the compressed gas is compressed air.
  • This is available as ambient air and can therefore be obtained particularly easily from the environment.
  • a compressor for filling the compressed gas storage, which is then operated when the fuel cell system either in the full operating state provides sufficient power to operate the compressor, that is, when no more compressed gas is required, or if the fuel cell system is not in operation, as a kind of pre-deployment measure.
  • the compressed gas may also be oxygen or an oxygen-rich gas.
  • the number and size of the compressed gas cylinders results from the amount of compressed gas required.
  • the compressed gas cylinders can advantageously be filled at another location and in already filled state in Fuel cell system can be arranged. This further reduces the design effort for the fuel cell system.
  • a further supply for air drawn in by a blower can be connected to the line, which can be fed alternatively or simultaneously with the compressed gas to the at least one fuel cell.
  • a further supply for air drawn in by a blower can be connected to the line, which can be fed alternatively or simultaneously with the compressed gas to the at least one fuel cell.
  • the fuel cell system is part of an emergency power supply or itself represents the emergency supply, or is such as described above inventive fuel cell system used as an emergency power system or part of an emergency power system.
  • the present invention is further directed to a method, which applies to all above with respect to the system and vice versa for this method, so that reference is made alternately.
  • the method according to the invention serves for starting up a fuel cell system and has the following steps:
  • the compressed gas source may be an external compressor-operated source of compressed air and / or preferably a compressed gas storage, for example in the form of at least one compressed gas cylinder, for example in the form of compressed air or oxygen cylinders.
  • the method provides two decisive aspects for starting up a fuel cell system, for example for an emergency power supply, namely the switching on of a compressed gas source in order to supply the fuel cell system with an oxidizing gas without the use of electrical energy, or secondly the operating state-dependent switching from the compressed gas source as compressed gas storage fails after emptying, on a power-driven fan supply system.
  • the fuel cell system preferably belongs to an emergency power supply or itself represents an emergency supply.
  • other uses are also conceivable in which little energy is available for starting up a fuel cell system, for example in battery-damaging operations in offshore or cold-temperature environments or to improve the start-up safety of cars even after a long service life in a cold environment.
  • the method according to the invention has the upstream step of: determining the need to start a fuel cell system based on a power state of a monitored system of consumers.
  • a compressor refills the compressed gas reservoir, preferably by means of an automatic control and without intervention of an operator.
  • the method may finally be characterized in that it is carried out simultaneously with the supply of air to the at least one fuel cell with a blower during the starting phase of a fuel cell system in order to supply sufficient oxidizing gas to the at least one fuel cell still in operation.
  • the provided Oxidationsd return gas not only takes over the role of the oxidation gas in the fuel cell, but only serves in addition to an air supply via blower. In this way, the achievement of the dew point with the associated negative consequences described in the introduction can be explained Avoid fuel cell efficiency by significantly more oxidizing gas is supplied to the fuel cell at the beginning of operation of the fuel cell system by compressed gas and thus the dew point is not reached.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of the fuel cell system according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows as a diagram the relationship between the dew point and the
  • the inventive solution of the problem outlined is the storage of compressed air. Since the fuel cell system is not permanently required especially in emergency power supplies, but only in the event of failure of the normal power supply, a compressed air vessel 1 can be charged via line 3 by means of a compressor 2 during the phase with mains power supply. This stored compressed air can be used in the first few minutes of power failure to start the fuel cell system as fast as possible and energy-saving.
  • the air blower 5 must be used only after some time, for example after a few minutes, when the air is consumed from the compressed air tank 1. At this point, however, the fuel cell system already provides sufficient energy to supply the external and internal consumers. If the power failure lasts less than a few minutes, it would even be conceivable that in this case the fan 5 does not have to start.
  • the energy consumption of the compressor 2 does not play a significant role, because it is fed directly from a power grid of the consumer and not in the power balance of the fuel cell system appears.
  • a check valve 6 between the fuel cell and compressed gas container 1 is arranged and another valve 7 between the fan 5 and the fuel cell. 8
  • a fuel cell system for 1 kW of electric power requires approximately 1 m 3 / h of hydrogen and 5 m 3 / h of ambient air, that is, the system requires approximately 100 l of air per kW per minute of startup.
  • a 2 kW system requires approx. 400 l of air, ie a tank with 40 l capacity and 10 bar working pressure of the compressor.
  • FIG. 2 shows the dependence of air volume flow and pressure drop on the dew point at the fuel cell outlet.
  • This graph shows that splitting the air supply into two systems makes great sense, with the first system, namely the compressed gas feed being very powerful, that is balancing high flow and high pressure loss, needed at start up and the second one, namely normal blower, used for normal operation and therefore must meet other requirements.
  • a further advantage could even be that in the case of a cold start the product water transport could not be possible in the gas phase, ie above the dew point as water vapor, but even as a liquid phase, since the supply of compressed gas sufficient pressure for a droplet transport in the so-called flow Field of the fuel cell could be available.
  • the present invention enables a start-up operation of a fuel cell system with minimum energy input with optimum efficiency.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de pile à combustible, dans lequel au moins une pile à combustible (8) est alimentée en gaz d'oxydation sous pression au moins partiellement dans le temps et/ou dans l'espace, ainsi qu'un procédé pour mettre en marche un système de pile à combustible, ce procédé comprenant les opérations suivantes: ouvrir une soupape (6) qui relie au moins une pile à combustible (8) à une source de gaz sous pression (1) assurant l'alimentation en gaz d'oxydation sous pression ; alimenter la pile à combustible (8) en combustible; vérifier que le système de pile à combustible a atteint un point de fonctionnement qui génère suffisamment d'énergie pour le fonctionnement autonome du système de pile à combustible et des consommateurs à alimenter ; commuter discrètement et graduellement entre l'amenée d'un gaz d'oxydation sous pression stocké dans un réservoir de gaz sous pression (1) et l'air environnant introduit par une soufflante (5). La présente invention porte également sur l'utilisation de ce système de pile à combustible dans une alimentation de secours.
EP06705861A 2005-01-31 2006-01-27 Systeme de pile a combustible a air comprime Withdrawn EP1846971A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005004426A DE102005004426A1 (de) 2005-01-31 2005-01-31 Brennstoffzellensystem mit Druckluftbetrieb
PCT/DE2006/000130 WO2006079331A1 (fr) 2005-01-31 2006-01-27 Système de pile à combustible à air comprimé

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1846971A1 true EP1846971A1 (fr) 2007-10-24

Family

ID=36282764

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06705861A Withdrawn EP1846971A1 (fr) 2005-01-31 2006-01-27 Systeme de pile a combustible a air comprime

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20100035096A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1846971A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102005004426A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2006079331A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100787244B1 (ko) * 2006-11-28 2007-12-21 (주)퓨얼셀 파워 안정적인 공기공급장치를 구비한 연료전지 시스템
DE102008002698A1 (de) * 2008-06-27 2009-12-31 Robert Bosch Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung elektrischer oder mechanischer Energie, sowie Verfahren zum Betrieb derselben
WO2013149337A1 (fr) 2012-04-02 2013-10-10 Hydrogenics Corporation Procédé de démarrage de pile à combustible
US10084196B2 (en) 2012-05-04 2018-09-25 Hydrogenics Corporation System and method for controlling fuel cell module
KR20140025035A (ko) * 2012-08-21 2014-03-04 현대자동차주식회사 연료전지 시동 장치 및 방법
CA2925798C (fr) 2013-10-02 2022-10-18 Hydrogenics Corporation Systeme et methode de demarrage d'une pile a combustible
US11309556B2 (en) 2013-10-02 2022-04-19 Hydrogenics Corporation Fast starting fuel cell
JP7355710B2 (ja) * 2020-05-29 2023-10-03 大阪瓦斯株式会社 固体酸化物形燃料電池システム

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1421124A (fr) * 1964-01-21 1965-12-10 Union Carbide Corp Procédé et dispositif pour fournir un gaz à une pile à gaz
DE19538381C2 (de) * 1995-10-14 1999-07-15 Aeg Energietechnik Gmbh Anordnung zur unterbrechungsfreien Stromversorgung elektrischer Verbraucher
DE19722598B4 (de) * 1997-05-29 2006-11-09 Areva Energietechnik Gmbh Brennstoffzellensystem und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Brennstoffzellensystems sowie dessen Verwendung in einer Anordnung zur unterbrechungsfreien Stromversorgung
US6007930A (en) * 1998-05-06 1999-12-28 Ford Global Technologies, Inc. Method for initiating a fuel cell
DE19926495C2 (de) * 1999-06-10 2002-06-20 Siemens Ag Energieversorgungssystem für sicherheitsrelevante Systeme in einem Kraftfahrzeug

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
See references of WO2006079331A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20100035096A1 (en) 2010-02-11
DE102005004426A1 (de) 2006-08-10
WO2006079331A1 (fr) 2006-08-03

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