EP1846574A1 - Procede de determination de la diversite des lymphocytes t dans un echantillon biologique - Google Patents
Procede de determination de la diversite des lymphocytes t dans un echantillon biologiqueInfo
- Publication number
- EP1846574A1 EP1846574A1 EP06709239A EP06709239A EP1846574A1 EP 1846574 A1 EP1846574 A1 EP 1846574A1 EP 06709239 A EP06709239 A EP 06709239A EP 06709239 A EP06709239 A EP 06709239A EP 1846574 A1 EP1846574 A1 EP 1846574A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- δrec
- diversity
- rearrangement
- signal
- resulting
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6876—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes
- C12Q1/6883—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for diseases caused by alterations of genetic material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6876—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes
- C12Q1/6881—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for tissue or cell typing, e.g. human leukocyte antigen [HLA] probes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q2600/00—Oligonucleotides characterized by their use
- C12Q2600/156—Polymorphic or mutational markers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of diagnosis of possible disorders of the immune system or having repercussions on the immune system.
- the invention relates to a method for determining T cell diversity in a biological sample.
- a mature T lymphocyte has on its surface a unique receptor for the antigen (TCR), formed by the association of two ⁇ and ⁇ or Y and ⁇ chains.
- TCR provides the antigen recognition function of T cells, which is the starting point for the activation and proliferation of these cells.
- the TCR is expressed clonally: each T lymphocyte carries on its surface a different TCR, specific for a given antigen.
- the term "repertoire" refers to the set of T lymphocytes with different antigenic specificities, and therefore distinct TCRs. The analysis of the diversity of the TCRs in a given sample thus makes it possible to determine the diversity of the T lymphocytes in this sample.
- the genes encoding the V domain of the TCR chains are formed by the juxtaposition of V and J genes, for the TCR ⁇ and TCRy chains, and V, D and J for the TCR ⁇ and TCR ⁇ chains. They are assembled during T cell differentiation by a directed somatic recombination mechanism, called "V (D) J recombination".
- the TCR genes are grouped into several loci.
- the TCRB locus contains the BV, BD and BJ genes whose recombination will give the genes encoding the TCR ⁇ chain.
- the TCRAD locus is unique: it includes both the genes encoding the TCR ⁇ chain and the genes encoding the TCR ⁇ chain.
- This locus contains several dozen ADV / DV genes, many of which can be used for either an ⁇ chain or a chain ⁇ .
- This ADV / DV region is followed by the DD and DJ genes, followed by the AJ genes.
- a rearrangement between an ADV / DV gene, a DD gene and a DJ gene will encode a TCR ⁇ chain.
- a rearrangement between an ADV / DV gene and an AJ gene will encode a TCR ⁇ chain.
- the recombination V (D) J makes it possible to generate an extremely vast repertoire of TCR.
- the TCRs differ first of all by the combination of the rearranged V, D or J segments (combinatorial diversity).
- the TCRA genes encoding the TCR ⁇ chain, there exists, for example, in the mouse, approximately 100 V genes and 60 J genes. There are therefore potentially 6000 possible combinations (see FIG. 1).
- the TCRB genes encoding the TCR ⁇ chain
- there are approximately 450 possible combinations 25 V genes, 2 D genes and 12 J genes).
- V (D) J recombination introduce junctional diversity.
- the V, D and J genes are flanked by short conserved nucleotide sequences termed sequence signal recombination (JRSS) sequences.
- JRSS sequence signal recombination
- These RSS are nucleotide motifs composed of a conserved heptamer and a semi - preserved nonamer, separated by 12 or 23 bases. Recombination is performed by a complex that comprises three proteins specifically expressed in lymphocytes: RAG 1 and 2 proteins (recombination activating genes), and TdT (terminal nucleotidyl transferase).
- the other enzymatic activities involved in V (D) J recombination are provided by ubiquitous proteins involved in DNA repair by end religation or non-homologous end joining (or NHEJ).
- V (D) J Recombination V (D) J is initiated by the introduction of a single - strand cut by RSS - bound RAG proteins. This cut, located exactly at the junction between the gene and the RSS, generates a free end 3 '-0H. A nucleophilic attack of this free end, on the opposite strand, then generates a double-strand break; the coding end of the gene is closed in a hairpin structure, while the end of the RSS is frank and phosphorylated. During the next phase of V (D) J recombination, the coding ends undergo a primer before being ligated together by the NHEJ participating proteins.
- nucleotides P bases may also be removed from the free ends of the coding DNA.
- TdT can add to these free ends additional bases, called “N nucleotides”, independently of a template.
- JC coding junctions
- V (D) J recombination does not result in the formation of TREC, but leads to the inversion of the DNA fragment separating the genes; in this case only, the signal junction is retained on the chromosome and replicated during cell divisions.
- the genes encoding the TCR ⁇ chain are rearranged and expressed before those encoding the TCR ⁇ chain. These two periods of rearrangement are separated by an intense proliferation during which the lymphocytes having succeeded in expressing a TCR ⁇ chain will be very strongly amplified (up to 9 division cycles). There can therefore be up to 1000 cells ( 29 ) carrying the same TCRB rearrangement, which can potentially rearrange and express different TCRA genes.
- the ADV and AJ genes are separated on the TCRAD locus by the TCRD genes. In humans, it is generally accepted that during the maturation of ⁇ T cells, TCRD genes are excised from the locus before the ADV and AJ genes rearrange.
- junctional diversity resulting from the processing of the coding ends is one of the essential features of the V (D) J recombination process, which is at the root of the immense diversity of TCRs.
- RSSs are ligated without being primed / modified, and therefore that the signal junctions (JS) carried by the TRECs are invariant.
- JS signal junctions
- the level of heterogeneity of circulating T cells may be useful for detecting immune system deficiencies (less or no new lymphocyte production) due to acquired or congenital immune deficiency.
- immune system deficiencies less or no new lymphocyte production
- the presence of a clonal or paucioclonal population may be a sign of an immune reaction under development, either against tumor cells or in response to an infection.
- this reconstitution leads to the de novo production of lymphocytes, possibly with the possibility of clonal expansions due to graft versus host (GvH) or rejection and graft reactions.
- the presence of a clonal or pauci - clonal population would then be indicative of the abnormal expansion of a particular lymphocyte pool, which may be indicative of GvH or rejection.
- the flow cytometry analysis of the TCR diversity is therefore at best only indicative of the homogeneity of a T cell population: it only concerns the expression of the V ⁇ genes, without even taking into account the functional diversity. CDR3 TCR ⁇ chains. In addition, this analysis requires a large amount of cells (at least a few million T cells).
- TCRA and TCRB genes expressed by T cells by different PCR - based techniques, by amplifying the rearranged genes either from transcripts or from genomic DNA.
- the complete sequence of the TCRB and TCRA loci being available, it is possible to choose oligonucleotide primers specific for each gene (or gene family) BV and ADV, BJ and AJ genes, and BC and AC genes coding for the different domains of the TCR ⁇ and TCR ⁇ chains, respectively. From transcripts, we can therefore analyze the rearrangements of the different ADV and BV families by quantitative PCR in real time.
- an "immunoscope" type test makes it possible to determine the size distribution of the CDR3s of the rearranged TCRA and TCRB genes (International Application WO 02/084567).
- This test requires the realization of two PCR reactions for each family: the first to amplify the transcripts using a given ADV or BV gene and to obtain enough material, the second to produce, by elongation of a labeled primer, DNA. labeled single strand which will then be deposited on an acrylamide gel.
- This test makes it possible to analyze the heterogeneity CDR3 of the TCR ⁇ and TCR ⁇ chains expressed in the analyzed population.
- Sekaly et al. propose to analyze the circles of excision generated during the rearrangement of the genes coding for the TCR ⁇ chain.
- the diversity observed by Sekaly et al. is limited to the combinatorial diversity of rearrangements; the possibility of observing a functional diversity during a given rearrangement is not mentioned at all.
- the methods described today for determining the diversity of a lymphocyte population are therefore all based on the analysis of TCRB gene rearrangements and, possibly, TCRA. None of these methods take into account the rearrangement that leads to the inactivation of the TCRD locus. In this respect, it is known that the ⁇ Rec-1 rearrangement occurs after the rearrangement of the TCRB genes, but before the TCRA rearrangement, during the differentiation of the T lymphocytes. Recombination at the ⁇ Rec-1 level is considered as the initiating event. of TCRA gene recombination.
- This rearrangement excises from the locus the DD, DJ and DC genes encoding a TCR ⁇ chain and thus prevents the recombination and expression of the genes encoding a TCR ⁇ chain. It thus definitely binds T cells in the ⁇ pathway.
- the analysis of this rearrangement thus makes it possible to specifically determine the diversity of ⁇ T cells, excluding T ⁇ .
- ⁇ Rec-1 also rearranges with at least AJ60 and AJ59.
- the signal junctions resulting from the rearrangement of ⁇ Rec-1 with an AJ gene are not invariant.
- a significant proportion (10 to 30%) of the junctions show signs of treatment (addition of nucleotides by TdT and / or deletion of some bases) of the signal ends before ligation.
- the inventors have demonstrated that the signal junction produced during the recombination of ⁇ Rec-1 constitutes, as well as the junction of the TCR genes, an element of the molecular signature of a T lymphocyte, and that the rearrangement of the ⁇ Rec-1 element generates a repertoire of signal junctions with both combinatorial diversity and functional diversity.
- a particular advantage of the analysis of signal junctions resulting from the excision of all or part of the TCRD locus is that these junctions are carried by a circle of excision which does not replicate during cellular proliferation. They therefore do not undergo any of the variations due to the selective events that shape the repertoire of T lymphocytes as a function of the antigenic specificity of their TCRs.
- This rearrangement is therefore a molecular marker characteristic of the emergence of new T lymphocytes in the thymus, before the TCR repertoire is set up.
- Such a marker which is then neither qualitatively nor quantitatively modified, makes it possible to analyze, from peripheral T lymphocytes, events which occurred during the emergence of new T lymphocytes in the body (especially in the thymus).
- the present invention therefore firstly relates to a method for determining the diversity of T lymphocytes in a biological sample of a human patient or of an animal, characterized in that it comprises a step of analysis of combinatorial diversity. and / or the functional diversity of the excision circles (TREC) resulting from the excision of all or part of the TCRD locus during V (D) J recombination.
- a method for determining the diversity of T lymphocytes in a biological sample of a human patient or of an animal characterized in that it comprises a step of analysis of combinatorial diversity. and / or the functional diversity of the excision circles (TREC) resulting from the excision of all or part of the TCRD locus during V (D) J recombination.
- Patients for whom this procedure will be particularly useful are those for whom a defect of the immune system or a disease affecting the immune system is either suspected or proven, as well as the recipients of a hematopoietic cell transplant, for which wish to follow the reconstitution of the immune system.
- This method can be used in addition to the flow cytometry analysis method described above, but it can also be used independently. It makes it possible to simply analyze a later rearrangement stage than the TCRB rearrangement, and much less complicated than the TCRA rearrangement.
- the method of the invention can also be used in animals.
- An example of implementation in the mouse is described below, but this method is also transferable to other animals, in particular to mammals such as cattle, monkey, pig, cat, dog, chicken
- the method of the invention may be useful for experimental purposes to study animal models of pathologies involving the immune system.
- SIV simian immunodeficiency virus
- FV feline infections
- Sequence data have been published for some species of monkeys, and show sequences of RSS ⁇ Rec-1 and AJ very close to those of the human and the mouse.
- the method of the invention is therefore directly applicable to the monkey.
- the monkey is used as an animal model to study different human pathologies.
- pathologies include infections, in particular by the virus of hepatitis C, or by the immunodeficiency virus (HIV in humans, SIV in monkeys).
- HIV immunodeficiency virus
- the above method can be used to study, from biopsies, the diversity of T lymphocytes present at different stages of the infection, corresponding for example to the recruitment and then the proliferation of T lymphocytes.
- the biopsy will be chosen by those skilled in the art to reflect the evolution of the pathology and / or the immune response.
- biopsies will be advantageously performed in the liver.
- the method of the invention may be carried out from any biological sample comprising T cells.
- any biological sample comprising T cells.
- usable biological samples mention may be made of whole blood, total mononuclear cells, a biopsy containing T cells, or a population of T cells sorted by flow cytometry on the basis of the expression of different membrane markers, including their TCR or a given VR region.
- the combinatorial diversity of the excision circles resulting from the ⁇ Rec - 1 rearrangement is analyzed by performing at least three amplification reactions of a fragment of the excision circles, each amplification reaction being specific for a signal junction resulting from the ⁇ Rec - 1 rearrangement with an AJ region capable of being ligated with ⁇ Rec - 1.
- the inventors have shown that these AJ regions are essentially the regions AJ61 (also noted ⁇ J ⁇ ), AJ58, AJ57, and AJ56. It can also be regions AJ60 and AJ59.
- the amplification reactions are aimed at rearrangements with at least 3, preferably 4, and optionally 5 or 6 distinct AJ regions. It is important to note also that the analysis of signal junctions corresponding to other rearrangements is not excluded from the methods according to the invention, with a view to a more exhaustive study of the diversity of a population of T lymphocytes. . Indeed, ⁇ Rec-1 can rearrange at least up to AJ18 in the mouse (signal junctions resulting from this rearrangement have been demonstrated), and at least up to AJ2 in humans (resulting coding junctions of this rearrangement have been highlighted).
- amplification reaction refers to any method of amplification of nucleic acids known to those skilled in the art.
- Nonlimiting examples include Polymerase Chain Amplification (PCR), more commonly referred to by those skilled in the art as its English acronym, PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction), TMA ( Transcription Mediated Amplification), NASBA (Nucleic Acid Sequence Based Amplification), 3SR (Self Sustained Sequence Replication), Strand Displacement Amplification (SDA), and LCR (Ligase Chain Reaction).
- the nucleic acid amplification reactions are polymerase chain reaction (PCR) reactions, carried out with pairs of primers each consisting of a specific primer. of ⁇ Rec-1 and a primer specific for an AJ region selected from AJ ⁇ 1, AJ60, AJ59, AJ58, AJ57, and AJ56. These reactions are preferably carried out in separate tubes. Whatever the technique used to carry out the amplification reactions, the analysis of the results consists in examining what reactions have allowed to obtain an amplification product.
- PCR polymerase chain reaction
- ⁇ Rec - 1 and a given AJ region correspond to the rearrangements present in the lymphocyte population examined, whereas the absence of amplification of a signal junction between ⁇ Rec - 1 and a given AJ region indicates that the corresponding rearrangement is absent from this population.
- positive controls are preferably used when carrying out the process of the invention.
- the amplification can be followed in real time, for example by carrying out quantitative PCRs. This makes it possible to quantify the TREC present in the biological sample and, if the latter is appropriate (for example, a blood sample), to evaluate the quantity of T lymphocytes recently produced by the thymus.
- a probe at least 5 to 10, and preferably at least 15 nucleotides apart from the signal junction resulting from the perfect (unchanged) rearrangement of ⁇ Rec-1 with at least one AJ region selected from the group consisting of AJ61 , AJ60, AJ59, AJ58, AJ57, and AJ56.
- This method is advantageously implemented by quantifying the TREC resulting from the rearrangement of ⁇ Rec-1 with at least 2, 3, or 4 different AJ regions. This quantification can of course be carried out in addition to the analysis, according to the invention, of the combinatorial and / or functional diversity of the excision circles.
- the distance between the probe and the signal junction is measured with respect to the "junction" proper between the two merged RSSs, and therefore with respect to the center of the GTGCAC pattern resulting from the perfect rearrangement ⁇ Rec- 1 / AJ, when this pattern is created.
- the invention also relates to a method for determining the diversity of a population of T cells present in a sample, comprising at least one step of analyzing the functional diversity of at least one signal junction. ⁇ Rec-1 / AJ.
- the junctional diversity of the most common signal junction ie the ⁇ Rec-1 / AJ ⁇ 1 junction, is examined. Even more preferably, the JS functional diversity analysis is performed in addition to the combinatorial diversity analysis described above.
- the signal junctions correspond to the merging of the RSSs bordering the rearranged fragments.
- These RSS consist of a conserved heptamer and a semi - preserved nonamer, separated by 12 or 23 bases.
- the first three bases of heptamer have a very high degree of conservation, so that the great majority of RSS starts with a CAC triplet.
- the "perfect" ligation of two RSSs, by NHEJ, during the creation of a signal junction generates a 5'-GTGCAC-3 'sequence, which corresponds to the restriction site of the ApaL1 enzyme. This makes it easy to distinguish signal junctions which have not been added or deleted because they are sensitive to ApaL1 restriction, unlike modified signal junctions.
- the analysis of the junctional diversity at the level of signal junctions involving these RSS therefore requires the use of other techniques, for example to sequence the junctions in question.
- the analysis of the junctional diversity therefore comprises, for each signal junction ⁇ Rec-1 / AJ analyzed, a step of amplifying a fragment of the excision circle, comprising the signal junction in question.
- This amplification cation is preferably followed, for each signal junction, ⁇ Rec-1 / AJ analyzed resulting from the rearrangement of ⁇ Rec-1 with a region AJ selected from the group consisting of AJ ⁇ 1, AJ59, AJ58, AJ57, and AJ56 in humans, or AJ ⁇ 1, AJ58, AJ57, and AJ56 in the mouse, a step of analysis of the restriction profile by ApaL1 of the amplified fragment.
- a region AJ selected from the group consisting of AJ ⁇ 1, AJ59, AJ58, AJ57, and AJ56 in humans, or AJ ⁇ 1, AJ58, AJ57, and AJ56 in the mouse
- a step of analysis of the restriction profile by ApaL1 of the amplified fragment Various techniques for analyzing a restriction profile of a given DNA fragment by a specific enzyme are well known to those skilled in the art. Of course, the fragment is incubated in the presence of the enzyme in an ad hoc buffer.
- the result of the digestion can then be analyzed by agarose gel migration and visualization by any available technique, for example by staining with bromide of ethydium (BET) or SybrGreen®, or by transfer on membrane and hybridization with a labeled probe (radioactive, coupled to peroxidase, Texas Red® or other).
- BET bromide of ethydium
- SybrGreen® ethydium
- a labeled probe radioactive, coupled to peroxidase, Texas Red® or other.
- the same product of amplification of a fragment of the TREC can be used for both aspects.
- the interpretation of the result of the digestion of the fragment by ApaL1 is as follows: if the fragment is completely digested, it means that all the JS corresponding to the analyzed ⁇ Rec-1 / AJ junction are identical and correspond to the "canonical" JS , unmodified; if the fragment is completely resistant to restriction by ApaL1, all the JS corresponding to the analyzed ⁇ Rec-1 / AJ junction are modified (which does not mean that they are identical); the hybrid profile (fragment partially sensitive to ApaL1) is indicative of the presence, in the sample studied, of at least two lymphocyte populations comprising TREC resulting from the ⁇ Rec - 1 rearrangement with the AJ region. analyzed, one with a modified JS and the other not.
- This qualitative analysis can be performed by various techniques known to those skilled in the art, such as sequencing, or extension of labeled primer. It is preferably made from only fragments totally or partially resistant to ApaL1, but if necessary, from an automation perspective, it can be carried out systematically on all the fragments.
- a particular method according to the invention comprises the following steps: a. preparing the DNA from the biological sample; b. performing at least 3 or 4 PCRs, using pairs of primers each consisting of a ⁇ Rec - 1 specific primer and a specific AJ region primer selected from the group consisting of AJ61. AJ58, AJ57, and AJ56; vs . restriction of PCR products with enzymepaL1 restriction enzyme; d. analysis of the restriction profiles obtained in step c. e. where appropriate, qualitative analysis of ApaL1 restriction-resistant signal junctions by extension of labeled primer.
- step “a” of this process the preparation of the DNA can be carried out by any technique known to those skilled in the art, such as the techniques described in Chapter 6 of the Sambrook and Russel Manual (Molecular Clonlng, 3rd edition, CSHL press), or using DNA preparation kits commercially available.
- An intermediate step may, if necessary, be carried out between steps “b” and “c” of this process, consisting of analyzing the products of the amplifications carried out in step "b", for example by agarose gel migration. and coloring. This makes it possible to restrict the analysis of ApaL1 restriction profiles to only those functions for which a fragment has actually been amplified.
- Another aspect of the invention is a reagent kit for determining lymphocyte diversity. T present in a biological sample, by a process such as those described above.
- Such a kit comprises a set of at least four primers of which at least one is specific for ⁇ Rec-1, and at least three are each specific for a different AJ region selected from the group consisting of AJ ⁇ 1, AJ60, AJ59, AJ58. , AJ57, and AJ56.
- such a kit comprises a set of at least five primers of which at least one is specific for ⁇ Rec-1, at least one is specific for AJ61, and at least three are each specific for a different AJ region, selected from the group consisting of AJ60, AJ59, AJ58, AJ57, and AJ56.
- these primers are of course chosen so as to allow PCR amplification of the signal junctions resulting from the ⁇ Rec-1 rearrangement with the selected AJ regions.
- additional reagents that may be present in the kits of the invention, mention may be made of the various buffers and / or enzymes required for amplification reactions and / or digestion with ApaL1, samples that can serve as controls for extractions reactions. DNA and / or amplification and / or restriction, etc.
- oligonucleotides As primers and probes that can be used in the methods and kits of the invention, mention may be made of the following oligonucleotides:
- the oligonucleotides whose name ends with a "p" can be used as probes when they are labeled, but can also be used as primers, in particular to perform nested or semi-nested PCRs (that is, from a PCR amplified product, using two or one primer (s), respectively , internal to the product of the first amplification).
- Figures 1 and 2 Explanatory Schemes for V (D) J Recombination.
- Figure 3 Amplification and ApaL1 Digestion Analysis of Signal Junctions Present in a T Cell Population Isolated from a Patient.
- the signal junctions ⁇ Rec-1 / AJ61, ⁇ Rec-1 / AJ58 and ⁇ Rec-1 / AJ57 were amplified from DNA extracted from peripheral CD4 + CD8 + V ⁇ 1 + lymphocytes (sorted by
- ApaL1 were separated on agarose gel, then transferred to a nylon membrane and hybridized with a radioactive probe specific for ⁇ Rec-1.
- Figure 4 Analysis of the diversity of the ⁇ Rec-1 / AJ58 junctions In order to determine whether the PCR product ⁇ Rec-1 / AJ58
- Figure 6 Sequencing result of ADV2 / AJ signal junctions from wild mouse and TdT 0/0 mouse samples.
- ⁇ and AA indicate two sequences with the same amplification amplified from thymocyte DNA of two different mice.
- Figure 7 Result of the sequencing of DV102 / DD2 and ADV2 / DD2 murine signal junctions.
- Thymocyte DNA samples from two patients 10 days (A) and 6 days (B) were used to amplify the JS resulting from the ⁇ Rec-1 rearrangement with AJ61, AJ58, AJ57 and AJ56.
- a fraction of PCR products were digested with ApaL1; the digested and undigested products were then separated on agarose gel, transferred to a nylon membrane and hybridized with a radiolabelled ⁇ Rec-1 probe.
- the signal junctions were amplified by PCR and then analyzed on agarose gel without (-) or after (+) prior digestion with the restriction enzyme ApaL1. After transfer on a nylon membrane, the products are revealed by the hybridization of a h ⁇ Rec - 1 specific radioactive probe.
- the asterisk indicates the position of a band corresponding to a signal junction h ⁇ Rec-1 / AJ59, which can sometimes be amplified with the AJ60 specific oligonucleotide. because of the proximity of these genes.
- the profile of the products obtained is different in each sample of blood leukocytes, indicating the diversity of the repertoires in these patients.
- Figure 10 Result of sequencing of ApaL1 restriction-resistant ⁇ Rec-1 / AJ signal junctions for h ⁇ Rec-1 rearrangements with AJ61, AJ59, AJ58, AJ57 and AJ56, and total signal junctions, for rearrangements h ⁇ Rec-1 / AJ60 present in a human sample.
- Figure 11 Amplification of the JS resulting from the rearrangement of ⁇ Rec-1 with AJ61, AJ58, AJ57 and AJ56, from murine thymocyte DNA.
- the PCR products were separated on an agarose gel, then transferred to a nylon membrane and hybridized with a radiolabelled ⁇ Rec-1 probe.
- Figure 12 Sequencing result of the ⁇ Rec-1 / AJ61 signal junctions present in a murine sample.
- Example 1 Determination of the degree of heterogeneity of a T cell population in a patient.
- the Machery Nagel ® Nucleospln Tissue Extraction Kit was used, following the instructions provided.
- the cells are pelleted by 5 minutes of centrifugation at 1200 rpm (corresponding to 300 g).
- the dry pellet (up to 10 million cells) is taken up in 185 .mu.l of Tl lysis buffer mixed with 25 .mu.l of proteinase K provided in the kit.
- the sample is vigorously vortexed and digested overnight at 56 ° C.
- the column is vortexed at 11000 g for one minute (fixation of the DNA on the silica)
- the column is then washed with 500 ⁇ l of BW and then 600 ⁇ l of B5 with a centrifugation of 1 minute at 11,000 g each time.
- the silica is dried by centrifugation for 3 minutes at 11000 g
- the DNA is then eluted with a volume of 50 to 200 ⁇ l of BE depending on the amount of cells initially lysed. For this, the BE preheated to 70 0 C is deposited on the column and the whole is incubated for 2 minutes at 70 ° C in an oven. The DNA is recovered by centrifugation for 1 minute at 11000 gl.
- A.2. Amplification of Signal Junctions This step aims at amplifying by PCR the signal junctions of interest, in order to obtain enough material to study their structure.
- PCR reaction 100 to 200 ng of total DNA is used for each PCR reaction.
- a second PCR (nested PCR) may be required.
- the amplifications are carried out using TaqGold enzyme (Applied Biosystem), in the provided "Master Mix” buffer.
- Second PCR with more internal AJ-specific oligonucleotide (nested PCR): SEQ ID No: 4 for AJ ⁇ 1, SEQ ID No: 10 for AJ58, SEQ ID No: 12 for AJ57, and SEQ ID No: 14 for AJ 56 and, still, SEQ ID No: 1 for ⁇ Rec-1.
- 35 cycles having the following sequence: 30 "to 94 ° C, 30" to 64 ° C and 30 "to 72 ° C, then
- the purpose of this step is to determine if the signal junctions amplified in the previous step are diversified.
- the RSS of the selected genes ( ⁇ Rec-1, AJ ⁇ 1, AJ58, AJ57, AJ56) correspond to the consensus RSS sequence and therefore start with the three GTG or CAC nucleotides. Therefore, perfect ligation of both RSSs to form a signal junction creates a (5'-GTGCAC-3 ') site recognized by the restriction enzyme ApaL1.
- a large fraction (up to 30%) of the signal junctions resulting from the V (D) J recombination of genes carried by the TCRAD locus are not formed by the perfect ligation of the RSS rearranged genes, but show signs of deletion and / or addition of nucleotides to the RSS ends before ligation.
- the resulting junctional diversity prevents the formation of the ApaII restriction site, and these modified junctions are thus resistant to digestion by this enzyme.
- the presence of two molecular species after digestion of the PCR products with ApaL1, a sensitive and a resistant, is therefore indicative of the diversity of the amplified moieties. This diversity reveals the presence of T cells that have performed different V (D) J recombination events.
- Digestion is carried out in a final volume of 20 .mu.l at 37.degree. C. for 3 hours with 5U of ApaL1 enzyme.
- the DNA is then transferred by capillarity to Nylon Hybond N + membrane (Amersham) and then fixed under UV (700 J).
- the membrane is then prehybridized with Rapid Hyb buffer (Amersham) for 30 min at 42 ° C. and then hybridized at 42 ° C. for 4 hours with a 32 P-labeled ⁇ Rec-I specific oligonucleotide probe by incubation with phage polynucleotide kinase. T4 and ATP ⁇ 32 P, under the conditions indicated by the supplier. Detection of the radioactive signal is done by means of a phosphorimager. l. A.4. Qualitative analysis of human signal junctions by labeled primer extension This technique allows to determine the length of the different amplified ⁇ Rec - 1 / AJ signal junctions from a population of T lymphocytes.
- This method consists in amplifying single-stranded DNA by PCR with a primer comprising a fluorochrome: Texas red. These fragments are then resolved on a polyacrylamide gel.
- T lymphocytes in blood samples in one patient showed a highly altered distribution of the use of different V ⁇ genes.
- the T cells of this patient very extensively use the V ⁇ 1 gene.
- this patient has been detected in Unusual T cell population, which expresses both CD4 and CD8 molecules.
- T cells in this population also use the V ⁇ 1 gene almost exclusively.
- CD4 + CD8 + V ⁇ 1 + T cells were sorted by flow cytometry and their prepared DNA. This DNA served as a template for amplifying the ⁇ Rec-1 / AJ61 signal junctions, ⁇ Rec-1 / AJ58, and ⁇ Rec-1 / AJ57 (the fourth combination, ⁇ Rec-1 / AJ56, was not performed in this example. ).
- PCR products were digested with the restriction enzyme ApaL1 and those from the patient were found to be resistant (Fig 1, lanes 2, 4 and 6). This result indicates that all the amplified signal junctions are modified in the patient, whereas in the control sample amplified from thymocytes, the majority of the signal junctions are unmodified, and therefore sensitive products and products resistant to ApaL1 digestion (FIG. 1, lanes 2, 4 and 6). This result indicates that the junctional diversity of the amplified signal junctions from the patient's CD4 + CD8 + V ⁇ 1 + T cells is limited.
- mice were raised in the pet shop of the Atomic Energy Commissariat in Grenoble. The mice were sacrificed by inhalation of CO 2 and their thymus was removed at 4-8 weeks of age. 2. A.2. Preparation of the DNA
- C57BL / 6 mouse thymocyte DNA was prepared from 10 7 cells using the Machery Nagel ® nucleospin tissue extraction kit, following the manufacturer's instructions. TdT 0/0 thymocyte DNA was obtained from TdT 0/0 mice.
- Thymocyte DNA (100 ng) was amplified with appropriate primers using the AmpliTaqGold PCR mixture as follows: 10 minutes at 94 0 C, followed by 35 cycles with the following sequence: 30 sec. at 94 ° C., 30 sec. at 60 0 C and 30 sec. at 72 ° C followed by 10 min. at 72 ° C.
- the PCR reactions were carried out on a "GenAmp PCR System 9600" device from Perkin-Elmer, in a final volume of 25 ⁇ l.
- the sequences of the primers are shown in Tables 1 and 2 above.
- the PCR products were gel purified, cloned into the pGEM-T Easy vector (Promega®) according to the manufacturer's instructions, and transformed into competent bacteria. After plating, positive colonies were identified by hybridization with AJ-specific oligonucleotide probes.
- the plasmids were prepared from the colonies containing the signal junctions, either with the Wizard Miniprep Kit (Promega®) or with the Montage Plasmid system. Miniprep 96 (Millipore Corporation®). Plasmids containing the JS were then digested individually with ApaL1.
- the plasmid pGEM-T easy contains 2 sites for this enzyme.
- the recombinant plasmid contains an unmodified signal junction, formed by the perfect fusion of RSS, an additional ApaL1 site is introduced and the digestion gives 3 bands after agarose gel migration. If the recombinant plasmid contains a modified signal junction, such an additional site is not introduced and the digestion gives only 2 bands. Plasmids with unexpected patterns in number or size of DNA fragments were excluded from further analysis. Plasmids containing modified signal junctions were sequenced (Genome Express, Meylan, France), to identify the nature of the modifications. Identical signal junctions obtained from the same sample were counted once, as it is impossible to determine whether these multiple occurrences result from independent events or over amplification of a single signal junction.
- ADV2 and ADV8 with AJ61, AJ58, AJ57 and AJ56 were amplified from C57BL / 6 mouse thymocyte DNA.
- the undigested and digested ApaL1 PCR products were then analyzed by agarose gel migration, followed by diffusion and hybridization revelation with radiolabeled AJ - specific probes.
- a significant fraction of PCR products were resistant to ApaL1 restriction. This resistance indicates that some signal junctions are modified and do not consist of a simple splicing of RSS.
- the ADV2 / AJ signal junctions were amplified from wild-type and cloned thymocyte DNA, so that each JS could be independently analyzed by ApaL1 digestion of the plasmid. corresponding recombinant.
- Table 3 the frequency of ApaL1-R SJ ranged from 9.7% for ADV2 / AJ58 to 39.1% for ADV2 / AJ61, with an average of 33.6%.
- a significant fraction of the JS ADV2 / AJ are modified, although the frequency of the modifications seems to vary slightly according to the rearranged AJ gene.
- nucleotides were deleted from the two signals carried on ADV2 and AJ56 (1 and 3 nucleotides, respectively). In the other, 4 bases were deleted from the heptamer AJ56, while the signal on ADV2 is complete. This junction also contains an additional nucleotide ( Figure 6, last lines).
- the inventors then further analyzed the structure of signal junctions produced by recombination of the ⁇ Rec-1 element with AJ genes.
- JS produced by recombination of ⁇ Rec-1 with AJ ⁇ 1, AJ60, AJ59, AJ58, AJ57 and AJ56 were amplified from human thymocyte DNA, and the products of these amplifications were digested with ApaL1.
- the figures 8 and 9A show that in the thymus, a large fraction of the PCR products are resistant to ApaL1 restriction, revealing the existence of modified signal junctions for all rearrangements tested except those involving AJ60.
- FIGS. 9B-9E show that, when this analysis is applied to samples of purified blood leukocytes from different donors, the profile obtained is different for each patient, indicating that each patient possesses a repertoire of signal junctions which is his own. .
- the ⁇ Rec-1 / AJ signal junctions in human thymocytes therefore have a functional diversity.
- the inventors then sought to determine whether the rearrangement of the murine ⁇ Rec - 1 element is restricted to the AJ61 pseudogene or whether, as in the human thymus, other AJ genes can also be used.
- the same approach was used, and the JS resulting from recombination of ⁇ Rec-1 with AJ ⁇ 1, AJ58, AJ57 and AJ56 were amplified from murine thymocyte DNA. These JS were easily detectable, as shown in FIG. 11.
- the inventors detected ⁇ Rec-1 rearrangements with other genes.
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| FR0501073A FR2881436B1 (fr) | 2005-02-03 | 2005-02-03 | Procede de determination de la diversite des lymphocytes t dans un echantillon biologique |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| EP1846574A1 true EP1846574A1 (fr) | 2007-10-24 |
Family
ID=34953893
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP06709239A Withdrawn EP1846574A1 (fr) | 2005-02-03 | 2006-02-03 | Procede de determination de la diversite des lymphocytes t dans un echantillon biologique |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20080286777A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1846574A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2008528049A (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2596389A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2881436B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2006082324A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (29)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8748103B2 (en) | 2008-11-07 | 2014-06-10 | Sequenta, Inc. | Monitoring health and disease status using clonotype profiles |
| US9365901B2 (en) | 2008-11-07 | 2016-06-14 | Adaptive Biotechnologies Corp. | Monitoring immunoglobulin heavy chain evolution in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia |
| US9506119B2 (en) | 2008-11-07 | 2016-11-29 | Adaptive Biotechnologies Corp. | Method of sequence determination using sequence tags |
| EP2364368B1 (fr) * | 2008-11-07 | 2014-01-15 | Sequenta, Inc. | Procédés de surveillance de maladies par analyse de séquence |
| US8628927B2 (en) | 2008-11-07 | 2014-01-14 | Sequenta, Inc. | Monitoring health and disease status using clonotype profiles |
| US9528160B2 (en) | 2008-11-07 | 2016-12-27 | Adaptive Biotechnolgies Corp. | Rare clonotypes and uses thereof |
| US8691510B2 (en) * | 2008-11-07 | 2014-04-08 | Sequenta, Inc. | Sequence analysis of complex amplicons |
| ES2726702T3 (es) | 2009-01-15 | 2019-10-08 | Adaptive Biotechnologies Corp | Perfilado de la inmunidad adaptativa y métodos para la generación de anticuerpos monoclonales |
| WO2010151416A1 (fr) | 2009-06-25 | 2010-12-29 | Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center | Procédé de mesure de l'immunité adaptative |
| US9043160B1 (en) | 2009-11-09 | 2015-05-26 | Sequenta, Inc. | Method of determining clonotypes and clonotype profiles |
| US10385475B2 (en) | 2011-09-12 | 2019-08-20 | Adaptive Biotechnologies Corp. | Random array sequencing of low-complexity libraries |
| EP2768982A4 (fr) | 2011-10-21 | 2015-06-03 | Adaptive Biotechnologies Corp | Quantification de génomes de cellules immunitaires adaptatives dans un mélange complexe de cellules |
| US9824179B2 (en) | 2011-12-09 | 2017-11-21 | Adaptive Biotechnologies Corp. | Diagnosis of lymphoid malignancies and minimal residual disease detection |
| US9499865B2 (en) | 2011-12-13 | 2016-11-22 | Adaptive Biotechnologies Corp. | Detection and measurement of tissue-infiltrating lymphocytes |
| EP3372694A1 (fr) | 2012-03-05 | 2018-09-12 | Adaptive Biotechnologies Corporation | Détermination de chaînes de récepteur immunitaire appariées de sous-unités à adaptation de fréquence |
| HUE029357T2 (en) | 2012-05-08 | 2017-02-28 | Adaptive Biotechnologies Corp | Preparations and devices for measuring and calibrating amplification distortion in multiplex PCR reactions |
| EP3330384B1 (fr) | 2012-10-01 | 2019-09-25 | Adaptive Biotechnologies Corporation | Évaluation de l'immunocompétence par la diversité adaptative du récepteur immunitaire et la caractérisation de la clonalité |
| WO2015160439A2 (fr) | 2014-04-17 | 2015-10-22 | Adaptive Biotechnologies Corporation | Quantification de génomes de cellules de l'immunité acquise dans un mélange complexe de cellules |
| US9708657B2 (en) | 2013-07-01 | 2017-07-18 | Adaptive Biotechnologies Corp. | Method for generating clonotype profiles using sequence tags |
| WO2015134787A2 (fr) | 2014-03-05 | 2015-09-11 | Adaptive Biotechnologies Corporation | Procédés dans lesquels on utilise des molécules synthétiques contenant des randomères |
| US10066265B2 (en) | 2014-04-01 | 2018-09-04 | Adaptive Biotechnologies Corp. | Determining antigen-specific t-cells |
| CA2966201A1 (fr) | 2014-10-29 | 2016-05-06 | Adaptive Biotechnologies Corp. | Detection simultanee hautement multiplexee d'acides nucleiques codant pour des heterodimeres de recepteurs de l'immunite adaptative apparies a partir de nombreux echantillons |
| US10246701B2 (en) | 2014-11-14 | 2019-04-02 | Adaptive Biotechnologies Corp. | Multiplexed digital quantitation of rearranged lymphoid receptors in a complex mixture |
| AU2015353581A1 (en) | 2014-11-25 | 2017-06-15 | Adaptive Biotechnologies Corporation | Characterization of adaptive immune response to vaccination or infection using immune repertoire sequencing |
| CA2976580A1 (fr) | 2015-02-24 | 2016-09-01 | Adaptive Biotechnologies Corp. | Methodes pour le diagnostic d'une maladie infectieuse et la determination du statut hla a l'aide du sequencage du repertoire immunitaire |
| EP3277294B1 (fr) | 2015-04-01 | 2024-05-15 | Adaptive Biotechnologies Corp. | Procédé d'identification des récepteurs de lymphocytes t spécifiques à compatibilité humaine pour une cible antigénique |
| US10428325B1 (en) | 2016-09-21 | 2019-10-01 | Adaptive Biotechnologies Corporation | Identification of antigen-specific B cell receptors |
| US11254980B1 (en) | 2017-11-29 | 2022-02-22 | Adaptive Biotechnologies Corporation | Methods of profiling targeted polynucleotides while mitigating sequencing depth requirements |
| CN113640803B (zh) * | 2021-09-01 | 2022-07-22 | 江西师范大学 | 一种基于回波强度和回波顶高外推的短时定量降水预报方法 |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6235504B1 (en) * | 1999-01-11 | 2001-05-22 | The Rockefeller University | Methods for identifying genomic equivalent markers and their use in quantitating cells and polynucleotide sequences therein |
| US20030228586A1 (en) * | 1999-06-30 | 2003-12-11 | Rafick-Pierre Sekaly | Method for measuring de novo T-cell production in humans |
| CA2445181A1 (fr) * | 2001-04-13 | 2002-10-24 | Institut National De La Sante Et De La Recherche Medicale (Inserm) | Procede d'analyse des lymphocytes t par le biais des recepteurs des lymphocytes t d'un organisme |
-
2005
- 2005-02-03 FR FR0501073A patent/FR2881436B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2006
- 2006-02-03 EP EP06709239A patent/EP1846574A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-02-03 CA CA002596389A patent/CA2596389A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2006-02-03 JP JP2007553658A patent/JP2008528049A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-02-03 US US11/883,633 patent/US20080286777A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-02-03 WO PCT/FR2006/000247 patent/WO2006082324A1/fr not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2006082324A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2881436B1 (fr) | 2007-04-27 |
| JP2008528049A (ja) | 2008-07-31 |
| WO2006082324A1 (fr) | 2006-08-10 |
| US20080286777A1 (en) | 2008-11-20 |
| FR2881436A1 (fr) | 2006-08-04 |
| CA2596389A1 (fr) | 2006-08-10 |
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