EP1842256A1 - Systeme de cellules de combustible dote d'un injecteur venturi-d'alimentation en gaz - Google Patents

Systeme de cellules de combustible dote d'un injecteur venturi-d'alimentation en gaz

Info

Publication number
EP1842256A1
EP1842256A1 EP06705845A EP06705845A EP1842256A1 EP 1842256 A1 EP1842256 A1 EP 1842256A1 EP 06705845 A EP06705845 A EP 06705845A EP 06705845 A EP06705845 A EP 06705845A EP 1842256 A1 EP1842256 A1 EP 1842256A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel cell
cell system
gas
compressed gas
air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP06705845A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Peter Britz
Udo Martin
Nicolas Zartenar
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
P21 - Power for 21st Century GmbH
P21 Power for the 21st Century GmbH
Original Assignee
P21 - Power for 21st Century GmbH
P21 Power for the 21st Century GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by P21 - Power for 21st Century GmbH, P21 Power for the 21st Century GmbH filed Critical P21 - Power for 21st Century GmbH
Publication of EP1842256A1 publication Critical patent/EP1842256A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present invention is directed to a fuel cell system powered at least partially or partially by compressed gas, in particular by oxidation-pressure gas.
  • Fuel cell systems have been known for a long time and have gained considerable importance in recent years. Like battery systems, fuel cells chemically generate electrical energy by a redox reaction of fuel (eg, hydrogen) and oxygen, with the individual reactants being continuously supplied and the reaction products being continuously removed.
  • fuel eg, hydrogen
  • a fuel cell basically consists of an anode part to which a fuel is supplied. Furthermore, the fuel cell has a cathode part to which an oxidizing agent is supplied. Spatially separated are the anode and cathode part by the electrolyte.
  • Such an electrolyte may, for example, be a membrane. Such membranes have the ability to pass ions but retain gases. The electrons emitted during the oxidation are not transferred locally from atom to atom but are passed as electrical current through a consumer.
  • a gaseous reactant for the fuel cell for example, hydrogen can be used as fuel and oxygen as the oxidant in the cathode part.
  • a device for producing / processing a fuel in one first transform the so-called reforming process into a hydrogen-rich gas.
  • This device for producing / processing a fuel consists for example of a metering unit with evaporator, a reactor for the reforming, for example for the
  • a fuel cell system usually consists of a plurality of fuel cells, which in turn may be formed, for example, from individual layers.
  • the fuel cells are preferably arranged one behind the other, for example stacked in a sandwich.
  • a fuel cell system designed in this way is then referred to as a fuel cell stack or fuel cell stack.
  • a fuel cell system for emergency power supply should provide in a short time the energy required by the consumer to be monitored in case of power failure.
  • the system is equipped with capacitors or batteries.
  • capacitors or batteries For a conventional system with the supply of hydrogen from a compressed gas cylinder and the supply of atmospheric oxygen by a blower, the problem arises that at system startup of the fuel cell system, a portion of the stored energy in the capacitors or batteries for supplying the air blower to provide reaction air is consumed.
  • the blower takes some time to provide sufficient working pressure and flow.
  • the capacitors or batteries must be designed much larger, in order to bridge the extra energy and the extended journey time.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to provide an improved fuel cell system, which makes it possible to perform a start-up phase of a fuel cell without or with the least possible external energy consumption and air flow optimized.
  • the invention is based on the principle to achieve the initial supply of the fuel cell system with a required compressed gas, in particular with an oxidizing gas not by means of a blower, but via a pressurized gas driven Venturi nozzle.
  • the invention is directed to a fuel cell system in which at least one fuel cell is at least temporarily fed with a gas mixture which is mixed in a Venturi nozzle from a pressurized gas, in particular an oxidation pressure gas and ambient air, wherein the compressed gas entrain ambient air at the Venturi nozzle can and can lead to at least one fuel cell or leads.
  • a fuel cell system is understood to be an arrangement of one or more fuel cells, for example stacks of fuel cells or groups of such stacks with the associated auxiliary aggregates, which is generally required to provide a power supply to a consumer. Under a compressed gas is generally understood to be under a higher than atmospheric pressure gas.
  • an oxidizing gas is meant a gas higher than atmospheric which is capable of oxidative reaction with the fuel used for the fuel cell.
  • the oxidative substance is oxygen, so that the oxidation pressure gas can be oxygen gas or an oxygen gas mixture with other gases.
  • a venturi nozzle is a device known per se in the art for entraining fluids in a fluid stream by negative pressure generated at bottlenecks by fluid flow in a pipe or other suitable device.
  • a well-known example of a Venturi device is the water jet pump, in which a water jet flowing in a pipe sucks an air region opening into the pipe.
  • the person skilled in the art will be familiar with suitable embodiments for entraining a second stream consisting of ambient air with the aid of a rapid flow of gas, such as the oxidizing gas used in accordance with the invention.
  • the Venturi nozzle Through the Venturi nozzle, the very high pressure of the compressed gas can be converted into a much larger total Oxidationsgasvolumen so that you can make do with a relatively small amount of compressed gas to start the fuel cell system.
  • the Venturi nozzle can be arranged, for example, in a line between gas storage and fuel cells.
  • the system according to the invention can be controlled by regulating the pressure of the compressed gas and the amount of entrained ambient air. This makes it possible for the supplied amount of oxidizable gas to the operating condition of the fuel cell (s) to adjust.
  • the system has at least one compressed gas storage, which contains pressurized gas, in particular oxidizing gas, which can be supplied via a line of the Venturi nozzle and then the cathode side of at least one fuel cell of the system.
  • pressurized gas in particular oxidizing gas
  • an external compressed gas source for example a compressed air supply from outside, which maintains the necessary pressure, for example via a compressor, takes the place of the compressed gas storage.
  • a compressed air supply from outside
  • a compressor operated by the fuel cell itself if it is not an emergency power supply, but because of the other advantages of the present invention, it is desired to integrate a venturi into the system.
  • At least one valve is arranged in the line, which can control the supply of compressed gas to the Venturi nozzle. Such a valve can then be opened in order to drive to a corresponding fuel cell system, for example that of an emergency power supply, and to carry out the above-described quantity control of the system.
  • the valve is preferably an electrically operated valve.
  • the valve is an electrically operated valve which is brought into a closed position by application of a current.
  • the valve opens completely self-sufficient or to a predetermined extent, by the absence of voltage at the valve drive and thereby absorbs the supply of compressed gas without the need for an additional power supply.
  • time-critical emergency power supplies in which a power failure is acceptable for a certain period of time, for example several seconds, and the fuel supply can be equipped with a corresponding valve, so that the system can completely dispense with capacitors or batteries.
  • the valve may preferably be a check valve.
  • the compressed gas is compressed air.
  • This is available as ambient air and can therefore be obtained particularly easily from the environment.
  • a compressor for filling the compressed gas storage which is then operated when the fuel cell system either in the full operating state provides sufficient power to operate the compressor, that is, when no more compressed gas is needed, or if the fuel cell system is not in operation, as a kind of pre-deployment measure.
  • the compressed gas may also be pure oxygen or an oxygen-rich gas.
  • This gas can advantageously be stored in a correspondingly designed oxygen cylinder.
  • the use of an oxygen cylinder has the advantage that an even higher oxygen partial pressure is available for the reaction in the fuel cell and thus a higher stacking capacity and thus an improved efficiency can be achieved.
  • the compressed gas is stored in a compressed gas storage, which is formed from at least one compressed gas cylinder. The number and size of the compressed gas cylinders used results from the amount of compressed gas required.
  • the use of a compressed gas cylinder has the advantage that it can be filled at another location and arranged in an already filled state in the fuel cell system. This further reduces the design effort for the fuel cell system.
  • the fuel cell system according to the invention as described above can be used as an emergency power supply or as part of an emergency power supply.
  • the single FIGURE shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of the fuel cell system according to the present invention.
  • the inventive solution of the problem outlined is the use of a Venturi nozzle, which is operated with compressed air.
  • a pressurized gas container 1 is connected via a line 2 with a Venturi nozzle 3, which mixes the compressed gas from the container 1 with ambient air (arrow) and feeds the fuel cell 5 via line 4.
  • a compressed air vessel can be charged via a line during the phase with mains power supply by means of a compressor.
  • the energy consumption of the compressor does not play a significant role, as it comes directly from a power grid of the Consumer and does not appear in the current account of the fuel cell system.
  • at least one compressed gas cylinder can be used.
  • a check valve between the fuel cell 5 and compressed gas tank 1 can be arranged.
  • a fuel cell system for 1 kW electrical power requires about 1 m 3 / h of hydrogen and 1 m 3 / h of oxygen, that is, about 5 m 3 / h of ambient air. If a compressed air cylinder with the same filling volume as a fuel bottle also used for the fuel cell system, for example a hydrogen gas cylinder, is used, 1 m 3 of the compressed gas cylinder 4 m 3 of ambient air must be sucked.
  • a pressurized gas cylinder with compressed air or oxygen could be replaced by the dilution effect by the ambient air at the same time interval as the hydrogen cylinder used in the system (or another fuel).
  • a complex air duct system which is necessary when using blowers or fans, can be omitted, since the higher air pressure uniform distribution of the reaction air (oxidizing gas) is much easier.
  • the present invention enables a start-up operation of a fuel cell system with minimum energy input with optimum efficiency.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de cellules de combustible, selon lequel au moins une cellule de combustible est alimentée au moins temporairement d'un mélange de gaz. Ce mélange de gaz contient un gaz comprimé, notamment un gaz comprimé d'oxydation et de l'air ambiant mélangés dans un tube de Venturi. Le gaz comprimé peut entraîner de l'air ambiant au niveau du tube de Venturi et le céder à au moins une cellule de combustible.
EP06705845A 2005-01-31 2006-01-24 Systeme de cellules de combustible dote d'un injecteur venturi-d'alimentation en gaz Withdrawn EP1842256A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005004427A DE102005004427A1 (de) 2005-01-31 2005-01-31 Vorwärmer für Brennstoffzellensystem mit Venturi-Gaszufuhr
PCT/DE2006/000109 WO2006079320A1 (fr) 2005-01-31 2006-01-24 Systeme de cellules de combustible dote d'un injecteur venturi-d'alimentation en gaz

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1842256A1 true EP1842256A1 (fr) 2007-10-10

Family

ID=36101278

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06705845A Withdrawn EP1842256A1 (fr) 2005-01-31 2006-01-24 Systeme de cellules de combustible dote d'un injecteur venturi-d'alimentation en gaz

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20090214925A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1842256A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102005004427A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2006079320A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3516807A (en) * 1966-04-06 1970-06-23 Texas Instruments Inc Apparatus for producing hydrogen gas by the partial oxidation of a carbonaceous fuel containing hydrogen
US5045414A (en) * 1989-12-29 1991-09-03 International Fuel Cells Corporation Reactant gas composition for fuel cell potential control
US5723229A (en) * 1996-07-08 1998-03-03 Motorola, Inc. Portable fuel cell device including a water trap
JP4843147B2 (ja) * 2000-05-30 2011-12-21 本田技研工業株式会社 燃料電池暖機システム
DE10108187A1 (de) * 2001-02-21 2002-10-02 Xcellsis Gmbh Brennstoffzellensystem mit einer Druckwechseladsorptionseinheit
US7261960B2 (en) * 2003-05-16 2007-08-28 General Motors Corporation Apparatus and method for internal stack temperature control
KR100539903B1 (ko) * 2004-01-17 2005-12-28 삼성전자주식회사 휴대용 단말기의 ｖｏｄ 데이터 처리방법

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2006079320A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20090214925A1 (en) 2009-08-27
DE102005004427A1 (de) 2006-08-10
WO2006079320A1 (fr) 2006-08-03

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