EP1840260A2 - Dispositif de fabrication et traitement d'une bande de matière fibreuse - Google Patents
Dispositif de fabrication et traitement d'une bande de matière fibreuse Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1840260A2 EP1840260A2 EP07103418A EP07103418A EP1840260A2 EP 1840260 A2 EP1840260 A2 EP 1840260A2 EP 07103418 A EP07103418 A EP 07103418A EP 07103418 A EP07103418 A EP 07103418A EP 1840260 A2 EP1840260 A2 EP 1840260A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- transfer belt
- web
- press
- fibrous web
- smooth
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
- D21F5/00—Dryer section of machines for making continuous webs of paper
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
- D21F3/00—Press section of machines for making continuous webs of paper
- D21F3/02—Wet presses
- D21F3/04—Arrangements thereof
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
- D21F5/00—Dryer section of machines for making continuous webs of paper
- D21F5/18—Drying webs by hot air
- D21F5/182—Drying webs by hot air through perforated cylinders
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
- D21F7/00—Other details of machines for making continuous webs of paper
- D21F7/08—Felts
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
- D21F7/00—Other details of machines for making continuous webs of paper
- D21F7/08—Felts
- D21F7/086—Substantially impermeable for transferring fibrous webs
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21G—CALENDERS; ACCESSORIES FOR PAPER-MAKING MACHINES
- D21G1/00—Calenders; Smoothing apparatus
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for producing or treating a fibrous web, in particular paper or board web, with a press arrangement, a downstream in the running direction high-performance drying device and an adjoining Glättpresse, the fibrous web through the press assembly, the high-performance drying device and to the Glättpresse continuously in closed train is guided. It further relates to a transfer belt for use as a covering in a high-performance drying unit, in particular for use in such a device.
- a device of the type mentioned is, for example, from the US 2004/0050517 A1 known.
- the paper web is rolled up immediately after the Glättpresse.
- a roughness two-sidedness can be compensated by a third or fourth press, which can be regarded as a smoothing press.
- the disadvantage of such a press by which the paper web is previously performed in the rule on a press felt and a smooth roller, but now consists in that the paper web is subtracted from the smooth roller and thus charged accordingly. There is no supported guidance of the web to the dryer section and accordingly no web-wide transfer possible.
- the invention has for its object to provide an improved device of the type mentioned, which reduces in particular the roughness and the Rauhtechnikszweisch procedurekeit the finished web. In addition, they should allow higher operating speeds.
- a suitable transfer belt for use as a covering in a high-performance drying unit is to be provided.
- the object is achieved according to the invention in that the fibrous web has a dry content of ⁇ 65% on reaching the smoothing press.
- the subject fully supported web guide press assembly may include, for example, a TandemNipcoFlex press, a DuoCentriX central band press, a SingleNipcoFlex press, or the like.
- the high-performance drying device advantageously follows directly after the press arrangement. It should be avoided if possible that the fibrous web must be deducted from a smooth roll or a free train is created. The desired surface quality is achieved with the smoothing press following the high-performance drying unit.
- the fibrous web is smoothed during its entire pass through the press assembly, the high-performance drying device and the smoothing press on both sides.
- the fibrous web is smoothed in the press arrangement on one side and in the smoothing press on the other side.
- the fibrous web is smoothed in the press arrangement on the underside.
- the press arrangement comprises a press nip, through which the fibrous web is led together with a web-smooth band.
- the roughness on the relevant side is preferably ⁇ 7 ⁇ m.
- the band in question may be, for example, a central web strip that is smooth on the web, a smooth transfer belt on the web side, or a felt that is smooth on the web or the like.
- the press arrangement comprises a press nip, through which the fibrous web is passed together with a felt smooth on the web side, this felt preferably has a fibrous web with a fineness ⁇ 11 dtex on the side facing the fibrous web.
- the fibrous web is smoothed in the press assembly on the bottom and in the smoothing press on the top.
- An expedient practical embodiment of the device according to the invention is characterized in that the fibrous web is guided together with a particular permeable underfelt through the Glättpresse and in this Glättpresse the top of the fibrous web is in contact with a smooth roller.
- the pressing force in the smoothing press is in a range from about 30 kN / m to about 180 kN / m, whereby the two-sidedness of the parameters roughness and oil absorption can be reduced to values below 10% in the smoothing press. At the same time, the roughness level is lowered slightly.
- the fibrous web When detaching from the smoothing press, the fibrous web expediently has a dry content of between about 55 and about 65%, thus exploiting the highest level of smoothing potential.
- the Glättpresse is advantageously associated with a machine-wide conveyor to dissipate incurred during a particular Bruüber Technologyvorgangs in a subsequent dryer section waste in a Aufl Harborpulper.
- the conveyor may in particular comprise a conveyor belt, a chute, a worm and / or the like.
- the high-performance drying device is preferably provided directly after the press arrangement.
- the fibrous web can be guided at least in sections, in particular also vertically.
- a press with a completely supported web guide for example a TandemNipcoFlex press, DuoCentriX press with central belt, SingleNipcoFlex press or the like, as well as an adjoining high-performance drying device such as in particular a hot-air drying device is conceivable in which it is impossible for the fibrous web of a smooth roll must be deducted or a free draw arises.
- a squeegee is installed instead of the conventional dryer section to achieve the desired surface finish.
- a smooth transfer belt, a smooth central belt, a smooth felt, etc. can be used to expose the fibrous web from both sides of a smooth surface, wherein the smooth band in the press the underside
- the fiber web can smooth, while the surface is smoothed in the smoothing press.
- a Bruaustragsdorfkeit above the Glättpresse is required to dissipate the transfer of the web on the Glättpresse.
- a conveyor belt, a chute, a screw, etc. may be provided.
- the web is knocked off, for example, on the first cylinder, since then the transfer through the high-performance drying device and the smoothing press is eliminated.
- a very smooth base paper surface results.
- the further transfer of the smoothing press to the scooter can be done for example by means of a strip transfer. Previously, a web-wide transfer is preferably provided.
- the smoothing press After the fibrous web has reached a dry content of ⁇ 65% when the smoothing press is reached, a smoothing of the still wet paper web takes place.
- the dry content is only about 3 to about 10% absolute raised compared to the currently used press sections to obtain a higher wet strength.
- a further increase of the dry content by means of a high-performance drying makes no sense, since the following drying process can be carried out more cost-effectively to the final moisture by means of steam and contact drying.
- the smoothing press primarily serves to control the two-sidedness. It may in particular be equipped with a permeable underfelt.
- a conventional press section with a closed train and one-sided smoothing on the bottom possible.
- a DuoCentri NipcoFlex press with central roll band a tandem NipcoFlex press with transfer belt or with very smooth underfelt can be used.
- the roughness R A of the band in question is preferably ⁇ 7 ⁇ m.
- a felt fleece can be provided on the paper side surface of the underfelt with a fineness ⁇ 11 dtex.
- a so-called laying press which has a press felt on the underside and on the top a smooth roll.
- the two-sidedness of the parameters roughness and oil absorption can be reduced to values below 10% in the laying press.
- the roughness level is lowered slightly.
- the achieved roughness level still requires a broader smoothness of the nearly dry paper at the end of the papermaking process, which can be done for example by a calender.
- the paper web is fed without open paper train in the laying or smoothing press and also lifted in front of the laying press by using the high-performance drying device to a comparison with conventional press sections higher dry content level. Thereby the paper web has a higher wet strength, which again higher production speeds can be achieved.
- the further treatment of the paper web can be carried out by conventional drying and final calendering.
- the invention can be used to advantage particularly in the production of SC paper at high paper machine speeds, since particularly high demands are placed on the surface quality and two-sidedness.
- the dry content is advantageously between about 55 and about 65% in the case of detachment from the leveling or smoothing press, the highest level of smoothing potential is utilized. At the same time, the process remains economically efficient due to the subsequent high proportion of steam-heated contact drying.
- one of the laying press associated with the machine-wide conveyor can be discharged into a dissolving pulper during the transfer process by the subsequent drying section resulting rejects.
- a further preferred practical embodiment of the device according to the invention is characterized in that the high-performance drying device comprises one or more high-performance drying units and that the last high-performance drying unit in the web running direction is assigned as covering a web-like smooth transfer belt on which the fibrous web is guided in the relevant high-performance drying unit and via the Fiber web fed to the smoothing press and with which the fibrous web is passed through the smoothing nip.
- the web-like smooth transfer belt can be made inpermeable or by a microporous tape.
- the web-side, smooth transfer belt preferably has a roughness of 0.3 ⁇ R A ⁇ 3 on its side facing the fibrous web in the web running direction and in the transverse direction.
- the roughness is preferably ⁇ 1.
- the fibrous web guided together with the transfer belt through the smoothing press in the smoothing press with its side remote from the transfer belt is in contact with a roller whose surface is smoother than the side of the transfer belt facing the fibrous web.
- the fibrous web can therefore follow the smoothing nip with the relevant roller and, in particular, can be removed from the web by a scraper and guided into the pulper.
- the roller is associated with a scraper.
- the adhesion effect of the roller can be influenced, for example, by advantageously providing a spray tube for impinging the roller with a fluid.
- a spray tube with a fluid for acting on the transfer belt with the fluid associated with the last high-performance drying unit.
- the fibrous web is guided to the drying cylinder of a provided in the web running direction after the smoothing press dryer section in a closed train.
- the fibrous web can be removed from the transfer belt by the first drying cylinder expediently.
- the advantage here is when the first drying cylinder a the web-picking supporting coating has or its surface treated to support the Bruab fortune accordingly.
- the dry content of the fibrous web at the decrease of the transfer belt is ⁇ 47%, wherein it is preferably in a range of about 47% to about 57%.
- a press with fully supported web guide which may be again for example a TandemNipcoFlex press, DuoCentriX press with central band, SingleNipcoFlex press or the like, and immediately followed by the high performance or hot air drying device, without causing the fibrous web must be deducted from a smooth roll or a free train is formed.
- this drying wire is thus replaced by a transfer belt having a preferably particularly smooth surface.
- This transfer belt is preferably passed through the roller nip of a smoothing press following the high-performance drying device in order to improve the surface properties of the web.
- the web need not be held by vacuum on the transfer belt.
- a smooth but microporous Tape conceivable through which vacuum holding forces can be exerted on the web.
- the roughness R A in the machine direction and in the transverse direction should advantageously be ⁇ 0.3 and ⁇ 3, wherein it should preferably be ⁇ 1.
- a vertical web guide can also be provided.
- the fibrous web or paper web can run along after the smoothing nip with the press roll and be taken off the track on a scraper and guided into the pulper.
- the adhesion of the roller can be influenced, for example, by a web-wide spray tube for applying liquid, advantageously water.
- a web-width spray pipe can also be assigned to the transfer belt.
- the fibrous web is guided to the first drying cylinder in a closed train, it is expediently ensured by a suitable coating or surface treatment of the cylinder a web removal from the transfer belt.
- the release from the belt can also be achieved by the fibrous web having reached a certain minimum dry content at this release, beyond which the adhesion forces are too low for the web to adhere.
- the dry content of the fibrous web should advantageously be in the range of about 47 to about 57%.
- the transfer belt assigned to the last high-performance drying unit as covering advantageously consists of one to a continuous temperature of about 150 ° C heat-resistant material, which in principle may also have a corresponding heat-resistant surface.
- the transfer belt associated with the last high-performance drying unit as covering preferably consists of a material comprising at least one polyamide.
- the transfer belt assigned to the last high-performance drying unit has a structure provided with a carrier and a coating.
- the carrier material may advantageously comprise at least one polyamide. Alternatively or additionally, this carrier material may also comprise PPS and / or PEEK.
- a polyurethane coating is preferably provided.
- a polyvinyl alcohol coating is also conceivable, for example, for a polyvinyl alcohol coating.
- the high-performance drying device preferably comprises a hot-air drying device.
- means are provided for cooling and / or shielding the edge regions of the transfer belt not covered by the fibrous web, which serve as covering for the last high-performance drying unit.
- advantageously nozzles for blowing the edge regions of the transfer belt with cool air, means for mechanical covering of the last high-performance drying unit associated hot air nozzles, etc. may be provided.
- the mechanical covering means are adjustable in the transverse direction, preferably displaceable.
- the transfer belt assigned to the last high-performance drying unit as covering may also be provided with a heat-resistant coating, at least in the edge regions.
- a transfer belt is conceivable which is provided over its entire surface with a heat-resistant coating.
- means for detecting a respective web break and means are provided for interrupting the H thoroughlyluftbeblasung of the transfer belt in the high-performance drying device preferably as quickly as possible at a detected web break and / or to provide cooling of the transfer belt.
- means for switching from the H thoroughly compassionbeblasung can be provided on recirculation mode advantageously.
- means for spraying a water film and / or cool air can be provided for cooling the transfer belt.
- the transfer belt associated with the last high-performance drying unit consequently has a permeability in a range from 0 to about 120 cfm, the permeability of the transfer belt preferably being ⁇ 30 cfm.
- the corresponding microporosity can be achieved, for example, by bombarding and perforating the surface layer of the transfer belt by means of a laser.
- a mechanical punctuation or, in the case of cast structures, a chemical reaction through the formation of pores during curing is conceivable.
- the provided as a covering for a high-performance drying transfer ribbon advantageously offers a cantilever of the machine elements in the belt loop, which can be endless belts move in a short time.
- the installation of a retracting device and a sewing table as well as the equipment of the belt ends with suitable smooth seam halves is necessary to obtain a seam that is as similar as possible to the other belt surface.
- the transfer belt according to the invention which is intended in particular for use as a covering in a high-performance drying unit, is characterized in that it has at least one smooth side and has a roughness of 0.3 ⁇ R A ⁇ 3 on this side in the web running direction and in the transverse direction.
- Such a transfer belt can be used with advantage, in particular in the device according to the invention.
- the invention is advantageously applicable in particular in the production of SC papers.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic partial representation of a device 10 for the production or treatment of a fibrous web 12, which may in particular be a paper or board web.
- the device 10 can be used for the production of SC paper.
- the device 10 comprises a press arrangement 14, a high-performance drying device 16 behind the web running direction L, in particular a hot-air drying device, and a subsequent smoothing press 18.
- the fibrous web 12 is guided at least through the press assembly 14, the high-performance drying device 16 and the smoothing press 18 in a continuous train.
- the fibrous web 12 Upon reaching the smoothing press 18, the fibrous web 12 has a dry content ⁇ 65%.
- the high-performance drying device 16 and the smoothing press 18 the fibrous web 12 is smoothed on both sides.
- a smoothing of the web underside and in the smoothing press 18, a smoothing of the web top In this case, in the press arrangement 14, a smoothing of the web underside and in the smoothing press 18, a smoothing of the web top.
- the press arrangement 14 comprises a press felt 20, through which the fibrous web 12 is passed together with an at least web-side smooth belt 22.
- the roughness R A of the smooth belt 22 is preferably at least on the side of the fibrous web 12 facing side ⁇ 7 microns.
- an upper felt 24 is guided by the press nip 20. Subsequent to the press nip 20, the fibrous web 12 is taken over by a transfer belt 26 and fed through it to the high-performance drying device 16.
- the high-performance drying unit 16 comprises two high-performance or hot-air drying units 16 ', 16 ", each of which comprises a preferably evacuated roll 28, a drying fabric 30 and a hot air hood 32.
- the two evacuated rolls 28 can each have an evacuated web stabilizer 34 or a vacuum generation be assigned by blowing air.
- the fibrous web 12 is guided at the top and in the second high-performance drying unit 16 "below the respective evacuated roll 28.
- the hot air hood 22 is above and in the second high-performance drying apparatus 16" below the respective evacuated roll 28 is arranged.
- the fibrous web 12 is guided in a closed loop through the press arrangement 14 and the high-performance drying device 16.
- the fibrous web 12 is further supplied in a closed train of the smoothing press 18 and passed therethrough.
- the fibrous web 12, together with a lower felt 36 is passed through the smoothing press 18, through which the fibrous web 12 was previously taken over by the drying wire 30 of the second high-performance drying unit 16 " the upper side of the fibrous web 12 is in contact with a smooth roller 38, so that the fibrous web 12 is smoothed in the smoothing press 18 on the upper side.
- the detached from the smooth roll 38 fibrous web 12 is guided over a guide roller 40, in the area of the fibrous web 12 is taken over by a dryer 42 a dryer section 44.
- the Glättpresse 18 is associated with a machine-wide Ausfvorraum or conveyor 46 to dissipate during a respective Bruüber Indeedvorgangs incurred in the subsequent dryer section 44 broke in a Aufl Harborpulper.
- This conveyor 46 may comprise, for example, a conveyor belt, a chute, a worm and / or the like.
- the high-performance drying device 16 is provided directly after the press arrangement 14.
- FIG. 2 shows, in a schematic partial representation, a further exemplary embodiment of the device 10.
- the last high-performance drying unit 16 "in the web running direction L of the high-performance drying device 16 is associated with an at least web-side smooth transfer belt 48 on which the fibrous web 12 is guided in the second high-performance drying unit 16" and via which the fibrous web 12 of the smoothing press 18 is fed.
- the fibrous web 12 is also guided through the smoothing nip 50 of the smoothing press 18 together with this at least web-side smooth transfer belt 48.
- Following the smoothing nip 50 becomes the fibrous web separated from the smooth transfer belt 48 by continuing on the lower surface of the smoothing press 18, which has a smoother surface than the transfer belt 18, while the smooth transfer belt 48 is led upwards about the upper roller 54.
- the fibrous web 12 is thus separated immediately after the smoothing nip 50 from the transfer belt 48.
- the lower roller 52 may be associated with a scraper, not shown here.
- the fibrous web is taken over by a drying wire 56 of the subsequent drying section 44.
- the fibrous web 12 is again fed to the first high-performance drying unit 16 'of the high-performance drying device 16 via a transfer belt 26, for example a transfer screen.
- a transfer belt 26 for example a transfer screen.
- the fibrous web 12, together with the smooth transfer belt 48 is first guided around a deflecting roller 58, in order subsequently to be fed at least substantially horizontally together with the transfer belt 48 to the smoothing press 18.
- the device 10 may at least substantially be embodied, for example, again as the device according to FIG. 1.
- Corresponding reference numerals are assigned to corresponding parts.
- FIG. 3 shows, in a schematic partial representation, a similar embodiment to that according to FIG. 2.
- the smooth transfer belt is used 48 and the fibrous web 12, however, starting from the last high-performance drying unit 16 "fed directly to the smoothing press 18.
- deflection roller 58 is omitted here so.
- the fibrous web 12 and the smooth transfer belt 48 are guided obliquely upwards from the evacuated roll 28 of the second high-performance drying unit 16 "to the smoothing press 18.
- the device 10 may at least substantially be embodied, for example, again as the device shown in FIG. 2. Corresponding parts are again assigned the same reference numerals.
- FIG. 4 shows, in a schematic partial representation, a similar embodiment to that according to FIG. 3.
- the fibrous web 12 is removed by the first drying cylinder 62 of the drying section 44 from the smooth transfer belt 48. From this drying cylinder 62, the fibrous web 12 is subsequently transferred to a drying wire 64 of the drying section 44.
- the fibrous web 12 and the smooth transfer belt 48 are first guided around a deflection roller 66 and then obliquely upwards to the first drying cylinder 62, on which the smooth transfer belt 48 finally from the continuing on the drying cylinder 62 and then separated from the dryer fabric 64 fibrous web 12 is separated.
- a scraper 68 is assigned to the drying cylinder 62. Any occurring rejects can be dissipated in the underlying pulper 60.
- the device 10 may at least substantially be embodied, for example, again as the parts corresponding to one another according to FIG. 3 are again assigned the same reference numerals.
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- Paper (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE200610015284 DE102006015284A1 (de) | 2006-04-01 | 2006-04-01 | Vorrichtung zur Herstellung und Behandlung einer Faserstoffbahn |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1840260A2 true EP1840260A2 (fr) | 2007-10-03 |
EP1840260A3 EP1840260A3 (fr) | 2010-06-09 |
Family
ID=38212274
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP07103418A Withdrawn EP1840260A3 (fr) | 2006-04-01 | 2007-03-02 | Dispositif de fabrication et traitement d'une bande de matière fibreuse |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1840260A3 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE102006015284A1 (fr) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2022892A2 (fr) * | 2007-07-21 | 2009-02-11 | Voith Patent GmbH | Bloc doté d'une calendre et d'un dispositif de séchage |
WO2009092477A1 (fr) * | 2008-01-25 | 2009-07-30 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Dispositif de fabrication et/ou de traitement d’une bande de matière fibreuse |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5876565A (en) * | 1994-10-06 | 1999-03-02 | Valmet Corporation | Press section with an equalizing nip for compensating for elongation of a paper web |
WO1999064671A1 (fr) * | 1998-06-10 | 1999-12-16 | Valmet Corporation | Machine a papier integree |
WO2001027387A1 (fr) * | 1999-10-13 | 2001-04-19 | Tamfelt Oyj Abp | Courroie de transfert pour machine a papier |
WO2002044469A1 (fr) * | 2000-11-30 | 2002-06-06 | Metso Paper, Inc. | Procede et dispositif pour machine a papier ou a carton |
-
2006
- 2006-04-01 DE DE200610015284 patent/DE102006015284A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2007
- 2007-03-02 EP EP07103418A patent/EP1840260A3/fr not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5876565A (en) * | 1994-10-06 | 1999-03-02 | Valmet Corporation | Press section with an equalizing nip for compensating for elongation of a paper web |
WO1999064671A1 (fr) * | 1998-06-10 | 1999-12-16 | Valmet Corporation | Machine a papier integree |
WO2001027387A1 (fr) * | 1999-10-13 | 2001-04-19 | Tamfelt Oyj Abp | Courroie de transfert pour machine a papier |
WO2002044469A1 (fr) * | 2000-11-30 | 2002-06-06 | Metso Paper, Inc. | Procede et dispositif pour machine a papier ou a carton |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2022892A2 (fr) * | 2007-07-21 | 2009-02-11 | Voith Patent GmbH | Bloc doté d'une calendre et d'un dispositif de séchage |
EP2022892A3 (fr) * | 2007-07-21 | 2013-10-23 | Voith Patent GmbH | Bloc doté d'une calendre et d'un dispositif de séchage |
WO2009092477A1 (fr) * | 2008-01-25 | 2009-07-30 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Dispositif de fabrication et/ou de traitement d’une bande de matière fibreuse |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1840260A3 (fr) | 2010-06-09 |
DE102006015284A1 (de) | 2007-10-04 |
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