EP1838877A1 - Methode de detection, non invasive, prenatale, in vitro de l'etat sain normal, de l'etat de porteur sain ou de l'etat de porteur malade de la mucoviscidose - Google Patents
Methode de detection, non invasive, prenatale, in vitro de l'etat sain normal, de l'etat de porteur sain ou de l'etat de porteur malade de la mucoviscidoseInfo
- Publication number
- EP1838877A1 EP1838877A1 EP06709125A EP06709125A EP1838877A1 EP 1838877 A1 EP1838877 A1 EP 1838877A1 EP 06709125 A EP06709125 A EP 06709125A EP 06709125 A EP06709125 A EP 06709125A EP 1838877 A1 EP1838877 A1 EP 1838877A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- seq
- primers
- cells
- dna
- cystic fibrosis
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6876—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes
- C12Q1/6883—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for diseases caused by alterations of genetic material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q2600/00—Oligonucleotides characterized by their use
- C12Q2600/156—Polymorphic or mutational markers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for the non-invasive, prenatal detection of normal healthy state, healthy carrier state or cystic fibrosis carrier state, from fetal cell (s) ( s) from a maternal sample, including the test DNA of an individual.
- the method according to the invention can be used in an in vitro diagnostic protocol for cystic fibrosis.
- the invention also relates to oligonucleotide primers and their use in the context of a non-invasive, prenatal detection method of the normal healthy state, the healthy carrier state or the sick carrier state of the invention. Cystic fibrosis.
- the invention also relates to primers and their use in the context of a method for the identification, on a DNA preparation derived from the genome of at least one cell collected from a maternal sample, from one or several markers of genetic polymorphism, demonstrating the bi-parental contribution to the DNA and, consequently, the fetal origin of said at least one cell.
- the invention also relates to a polynucleotide and a combination of
- polynucleotides useful as primers for amplifying a quantity of DNA from a biological sample as well as a kit for the noninvasive, prenatal detection of cystic fibrosis.
- Cystic fibrosis is the most common life-threatening autosomal recessive disorder among white children, affecting a newborn in 3500 in the United States (Kosorok Disease, 1996), with a carrier frequency ranging from 1 20 to 1 in 40 or more (Bobadilla, 2002).
- the disease is characterized by an imperfection of the chlorine channel that is attributable to alterations, specifically to mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene (CFJR) (Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, 2003). About 1000 mutations have been discovered, including that corresponding to Paliawning deltaF508 which represents 68% of the mutated alleles in the world (Karem, 1989).
- the imperfection of the chloride channel involves abnormalities in electrolytes and macromolecular secretions of the exocrine glands, inducing clogging "pancreatic ductal in utero, pancreatic insufficiency, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and recurrent respiratory infections.
- the Average life expectancy of patients is around 30 years, but the survival of CF patients has increased over the last 4 decades.
- CFTR associated with cystic fibrosis and about 80% of infants born with cystic fibrosis are conceived by parents who have no family history of the disease (Fink, Collins, 1997). As the disease is relatively common, its early signs are early. The costs of treating this disease are high, it is ultimately fatal. Cystic fibrosis is one of the most promising diseases for genetic screening (Balinsky, 2004, Garber, Fenerty, 1991).
- WO02 / 088736 describes a non-invasive prenatal diagnosis method implemented from a maternal blood sample, in particular allowing the early detection of the genetic sex of the fetus.
- the inventors have been interested in a method of non-invasive, prenatal cystic fibrosis detection, reliable and sufficiently effective to be routinely applied, which does not involve the removal of tissue or fetal cells by biopsy and / or intrusion of the placental barrier.
- the invention defines means adapted to the detection of known genetic abnormalities, in particular known mutations of the CFTR gene, or means adapted to the detection of unknown or indeterminate mutations of the CFTR gene.
- the fetal cells are taken from a sample taken from the pregnant woman.
- the subject of the invention is therefore a method for prenatally non-invasive, in vitro, detection of the normal healthy state, the healthy carrier state or the sick patient state of cystic fibrosis, from a sample fetal cell (s) isolated from a sampled maternal sample comprising the test DNA of an individual, said method comprising the steps of: a. enrichment in fetal cells of a maternal sample taken, pure or diluted, which may comprise cells of fetal origin; b. the analysis of the retained cells and the selection of the presumed cells of fetal origin; vs. demonstration by genetic analysis of the fetal origin of one or more cells selected in step b and d.
- step c the search for alleles of the CFTR gene carrying the ⁇ F508 mutation or other known mutations, or the search for alleles of a locus carrying a genotypic polymorphism genetically linked to an unidentified morbid mutation of the CFTR gene, by means of the following steps:
- the individual is the unborn individual represented for the purposes of the detection according to the invention, by its fetal cells.
- the detection method according to the invention offers sufficient performance in terms of specificity and sensitivity to be considered as an alternative method of prenatal diagnosis to invasive methods, or at least to be included in diagnostic protocols.
- the method according to the invention thus makes it possible, from the DNA of one or a small number of fetal cells, to identify the presence or absence, heterozygous or homozygous, of alleles carrying abnormalities of the gene. CFTR responsible, in the individual born, for cystic fibrosis.
- the presence of homozygous alleles mutated at the level of the CFTR gene accounts for an individual who will be normal, healthy carrier or affected (sick carrier) by cystic fibrosis.
- health carrier state means that the individual is a single heterozygote for the mutated allele of the CFTR gene.
- slow carrier state means that the individual is homozygous affected or heterozygous composite for the mutated allele of the CFTR gene.
- abnormal healthy state means that the individual has two normal alleles.
- This detection is carried out by a method of direct search for a known mutation, or when the mutation of the CFTR gene responsible for cystic fibrosis is not known or has not been identified in the parents of the tested individual, by a indirect method, of detecting one or more polymorphic markers having a genetic linkage with the CFTR gene, said marker being inherited by co-segregation with said CFTR gene, during generations.
- an alteration in particular a known mutation of the CFTR gene, is for example that which affects the position 508 of the corresponding amino acids, resulting in the deletion of three nucleotides identified as delta F508.
- control sample is meant, in relation to the biological sample giving access to the fetal cells, one or more biological samples coming respectively from the father and the mother when the desired mutation of the CFTR gene is a known mutation, for example the mutation of the delta locus F508.
- Control samples are one or more biological samples from the father and the mother, respectively, and a biological sample from a child of the same sibship affected by cystic fibrosis (index case) must be added. These samples are processed to give access to the genomic DNA respectively of the father, the mother and the child of the same sibship.
- maternal sample any biological sample, taken from the mother of the individual to be tested, by a non-invasive method, said sample comprising fetal cells as well as other types of cells.
- the maternal sample may be maternal blood taken from the pregnant woman, including fetal cells as well as other circulating cells, such as leukocytes. Stage a of the method according to the invention will consist in this case in separating the fetal cells from the other circulating cells.
- the maternal sample is taken from the pregnant woman in the cervix, either by washing with a solution (for example physiological) or by taking mucous without washing, without breaking the amniotic sac. The sample thus taken contains, in principle, fetal cells.
- the method for detecting cystic fibrosis according to the invention can be understood as a non-invasive in vitro method for assessing the susceptibility of an individual to cystic fibrosis, by identifying in this individual the presence or absence, heterozygous or homozygous of alleles carrying abnormalities of the CFTR gene responsible for cystic fibrosis. Except to have the required DNA information of the control samples before taking the detection according to the invention on the fetal DNA taken, the control samples are treated, for the steps c. and D. of the method of the invention, such as the fetal DNA sample.
- the amount of DNA that is amplified is a small amount of DNA, preferably less than 5 ⁇ g, for example of the order of 2 ⁇ g.
- the amplification primers must therefore be defined to allow the amplification of a small amount of DNA, for example a quantity of DNA corresponding to that of a single cell or a reduced number of fetal cells.
- the amplification step of step c. and / or the amplification step of step d. comprises at least one amplification phase, for example, it comprises a first amplification phase carried out with external primers and a second amplification phase carried out with internal primers.
- I 1 DNA of the sample of the tested individual derived from the genome of at least one fetal cell.
- the DNA of the cell sample derives from the genome of at least one isolated fetal cell, in particular the genome of a small number of cells, ranging from 1 to 20 cells, more particularly from 1 to 10 cells.
- cells for example the genome (s) of 1, 2 or 3 cells, preferably at least three cells (see Example 4 below) and advantageously genome individually isolated cells.
- the sample DNA is derived from the genome of a single fetal cell or a number of fetal cells equal to or less than 20, more preferably 10.
- the number of fetal cells is less than three cells.
- the detection on the DNA of a single cell does not provide a relevant result, in particular if the amplification is carried out by PCR and that one of the two alleles of the gene carrying the desired marker is not amplified or not detected
- Allele Drop Out situation because of the amount of DNA used, it is possible to increase the number of fetal cells from which the DNA to be tested is recovered, which is then used in the form of a pool.
- use will be made of 2, 3, or for example between 2 and 20 cells, preferably at least three cells, advantageously between 3 and 20 cells (inclusive), cf. example 4 below (absence of ADO).
- step c. of the method of the invention In order to be able to detect cystic fibrosis in vitro in the individual whose fetal DNA is tested, it is necessary, in a first phase of the detection, in accordance with step c. of the method of the invention, establish the demonstration of the fetal origin of the DNA. This determination of the fetal character of the DNA is still called genotyping in the present application.
- This step is performed using markers of genetic polymorphism. It is necessary that the markers of genetic polymorphism used be informative, in that they make it possible to differentiate the allele of each marker brought by the father and that brought by the mother. The markers of maternal and paternal polymorphism must therefore be distinct from each other.
- the invention relates to a method for detecting the state of healthy carrier or sick patient of cystic fibrosis, characterized in that the informative primers used in step c. are derived from the sequence of a chromosome selected from chromosome 16, chromosome 21 or chromosome 7.
- the primers used in step c. are derived from the chromosome 7 sequence and are close to the morbid cystic fibrosis allele.
- the morbid allele referred to here is the allele of the CFTR gene (located on chromosome 7) that carries the defect responsible for cystic fibrosis.
- the invention Prior to the genotyping step c. and in the step of searching alleles of the CFTR gene or alleles of a locus carrying a genetic polymorphism genetically linked to an abnormal allele of the CFTR gene, the invention requires the implementation of the following steps: a. enrichment in fetal cells of a maternal sample taken, pure or diluted, which may comprise cells of fetal origin; b. analyzing the cells retained during step a) in order to obtain a presumption of their fetal or maternal origin;
- any type of technique can be used, on the one hand, for the enrichment in fetal cells of a maternal sample taken, pure or diluted, which may comprise cells of fetal origin (step a)), on the other hand, for the analysis of the cells retained during step a) in order to obtain a presumption of their fetal or maternal origin (step b)).
- the cell genomes are analyzed individually in step c.
- step d. The analysis of the cellular genomes is either carried out on the genome of each cell taken individually or on the pooled genomes of several fetal cells.
- step c. of genotyping comprises or consists of identifying, on a DNA preparation derived from the genome of the single cell collected (individual cell), one or more markers of genetic polymorphism, or a combination of these markers, demonstrating the bi-parental contribution to the DNA and accordingly, the fetal origin of said at least one cell.
- genetic polymorphism marker any identifiable feature on the DNA, the presence of which is correlated with a particular genotype and, where appropriate, with a particular phenotype.
- the markers used in step c. to distinguish paternal DNA from maternal DNA and thus to demonstrate the bi-parental composition of fetal DNA. It may therefore be sufficient that they correlate to a particular genotype.
- RFLP restriction fragment length polymorphism
- SNP Single Nucleotide Polymorphism
- VNTRs Variable Number of Tandem Repeats
- STRs Short Tandem Repeats
- Micro-satellite markers are particularly preferred for cell characterization and the implementation of prenatal diagnosis.
- at least one polymorphic marker to be identified is a microsatellite marker, a Variable Number of Tandem Repeats (VNTR) marker, a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) marker, or a Short Tandem Repeats (STR) marker. ). These have the advantage of being identifiable by amplification using specific primers.
- Micro-satellite markers, VNTR or STR are composed of repetitions in tandem, usually polyCA / GT patterns.
- allelic variations due to the variation of the number of repeats, are easily detected by PCR amplification, thanks to the use of primers corresponding to the unique sequences flanking the microsatellite.
- a physical map of these microsatellite markers and the sequence of their associated primers are described by Dib et al. (Dib, C, Faure, S., Fizames, C, Samson, D., Drouot, N., Vignal, A., Missasseau, P., Mark, S., Hazan, J., Seboun, E., Lathrop , M., Gyapay, G., Morissette, J., and Weissenbach, J.
- step c In order to demonstrate the fetal or maternal origin of a single cell collected, in a particular embodiment, it may be sufficient to perform the search for a marker or a combination of markers or an assay. allelic of these markers which are distinguished from those of the genome of maternal cells. In particular the genome research of said collected cell may be carried on a marker or a combination of markers specific for paternal cell DNA. Their presence is necessarily the signature of a fetal origin of the cell in question. According to a particular embodiment of the invention, step c.
- amplification of the DNA taken individually from one or more selected cells using so-called informative primers, capable of amplifying previously determined genetic polymorphisms to distinguish the maternal alleles from the alleles paternal so as to recognize the fetal genome by the presence of a paternal allele and a maternal allele in each selected cell; ii) - comparing the alleles of the DNA of said cells with the corresponding parental alleles; iii) - the selection of the DNA of cell (s) comprising a maternal allele and a paternal allele for the identified genetic polymorphism (s), demonstrating the fetal origin of the DNA of the cell (s).
- the conditions for carrying out the amplifications are, for example, 5 min 94 ° C., 40 ° C. (30 sec, 94 ° C., 30 to 45 sec, 55 ° to 61 ° C., 30 ° C., 72 ° C.), 5 min. .
- two amplification phases may be performed as follows: a first phase of amplification of the DNA preparation derived from the genome of a single cell collected is carried out with one or more nucleotide primers said to be external with respect to the target sequence and a second amplification phase on the amplification product obtained by the preceding step is carried out with one or more nucleotide primers called internal or nested with respect to said external primers.
- the external and internal primers above are said to be informative, ie capable of amplifying genetic polymorphisms previously determined to be distinct and characteristic on maternal alleles on the one hand and paternal on the other hand, so as to to identify the desired genetic polymorphisms typical of fetal alleles.
- the primers are synthetic oligonucleotides whose sequence is determined to allow the amplification of a DNA sequence comprising informative markers of the fetal character of the tested cell.
- the primers that can be used to carry out step c. are said to be informative of the fetal nature of the cell or, according to a particular embodiment of the invention, these primers are said to be informative of the bi-parental contribution to the tested cell.
- Informative primers advantageously lead to amplification of DNA fragments comprising several polymorphisms, preferably a large number of polymorphisms.
- the polymorphisms are identified on the DNA sequences of interest, notably on chromosome 7, in the available databases (NCBI for example). From these data, oligonucleotides are identified that allow amplification under the conditions of the invention, so as to allow the genotyping or detection effective, sensitive and specific.
- These informative primers can be identified specifically for a family (father and mother of the tested individual) by a comparative genetic analysis of the genomes of the father and the mother.
- these informative primers may be primers which have been shown to be capable of amplifying DNA sequences comprising markers of genetic polymorphism shared by several families, or even consensual, with regard to the informative nature of the invention. paternal or maternal origin of an allele of a gene.
- the external primers called informative primers usable in step c. are selected from the following primer pairs where F is "forward” and hybridizes to the 3 '- 5' oriented DNA strand in the target sequence and R is "reverse", and hybridizes to the DNA strand oriented 5 '- 3' in the target sequence:
- -F 5'-AAAAACCCTGGCTTATGC-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 1); R: 5'-AGCTACCATAGGGCTGGAGG-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 2); -F: ⁇ '-GGAATCTGTTCTGGCAATGGAT-S '(SEQ ID NO: 5); R: 5'-
- F 5'-GAATTATAACCGTAACTGATTC-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 33); R: 5'-GAGATAATGCTTGTCTGACTTC-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 34).
- the internal or nested primers called informative primers used in step c. are chosen from the following pairs of primers:
- F 5'-CCTTGGGCCAATAAGGTAAG-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 31); R: 5'-AGCTACTTGCAGTGTAACAGCATTT-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 32);
- F 5'-CTGATTCATAGCAGCACTTG -3 '(SEQ ID NO: 35); R: 5'-AAAACATTTCCATTACCACTG-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 36).
- Step d. following the completion of step c. must make it possible to detect cystic fibrosis from the fetal cells retained at the end of step c.
- oligonucleotides usable as amplification primers for performing step d., Which make it possible to amplify a DNA sequence comprising the F508 locus, and to detect the mutation of said locus.
- oligonucleotide primers capable of amplifying DNA sequences carrying a genetic polymorphism forming a linkage (or genetic linkage) with a locus carrying other so-called "unidentified" mutations associated with cystic fibrosis. This amplification is done in the context of the method of detection of cystic fibrosis. These primers were identified from chromosome 7 DNA. Step d. of the method of the invention can therefore be implemented using pairs of primers chosen from the following:
- TCTTACCTCTTCTAGTTGGC-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 28)) used during the second amplification phase of step d. or only in case of single amplification in step d. ;
- primers identified on chromosome 7 amplifying a DNA fragment forming a linkage with the CFTR gene:
- F 5'-AAAAACCCTGGCTTATGC-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 1); R: 5'-AGCTACCATAGGGCTGGAGG-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 2);
- F ⁇ '-GGAATCTGTTCTGGCAATGGAT-S '(SEQ ID NO: 5); R: ⁇ '-TTGCAATGAGCCGAGATCCTG-S '(SEQ ID NO: 6);
- F 5'-GAATTATAACCGTAACTGATTC-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 33); R: 5'-GAGATAATGCTTGTCTGACTTC-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 34); F: 5'-CTTGGGGACTGAACCATCTT-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 3); R: 5'-
- F 5'-CCTTGGGCCAATAAGGTAAG-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 31); R: 5'-AGCTACTTGCAGTGTAACAGCATTT-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 32);
- amplification primers capable of amplifying a locus comprising a genotypic polymorphism genetically linked (linkage) to the CFTR gene during segregation, for example the primers identified in the present application on chromosome 7 and • comparison with the control samples in step d. involves the comparison of the identified alleles of fetal DNA with the corresponding paternal alleles, the corresponding maternal alleles and the corresponding alleles of a child of the cystic fibrosis-affected siblings.
- the at least one amplification phase of the fetal DNA, the maternal DNA, the paternal DNA and the DNA of the child of the siblings is carried out with one or more pairs of primers chosen from:
- the primers used make it possible both to demonstrate the fetal origin of the cell tested and to detect cystic fibrosis, by identifying the presence or absence of at least one allele. carrying a genetic polymorphism, forming a linkage with the morbid allele of cystic fibrosis.
- primers than the foregoing can be defined and used to identify markers sought in step c. of the method of invention.
- the primers used to carry out the amplification in step c. are chosen to amplify DNA sequences outside of chromosome 7. These primers are designed to be informative according to the description given above in order to make it possible to discriminate paternal alleles and maternal alleles in fetal cells. Then, for carrying out step d., The primers chosen for amplification can be primers identified from the DNA of chromosome 7, within the framework of what is described in the present application.
- oligonucleotides capable of amplifying, for example by PCR, sequences comprising distinct genetic polymorphism markers in the cells of the father and the mother are selected: the amplification products revealed are represented by peaks of the relevant gene in the fetal cell DNA distinct for the paternal allele and for the maternal allele.
- the oligonucleotides are remote on the sequence to be amplified so that the size of the amplification product comprises less than 1000, or even less than 800 bp.
- the limitation of the size of the amplified sequence takes into account that the DNA of the tested cell, when this cell is unique, is low in quantity and is obtained from a fixed cell so can be altered.
- the primers chosen must allow amplification of small amounts of DNA, for example amounts less than 5 ⁇ g, especially about 2 ⁇ g.
- primers capable of amplifying the deltaF508 locus may also, or alternatively, be used to search for the deltaF508 allele characteristic of the most frequent mutations of the CFTR gene in cases of cystic fibrosis.
- primers capable of amplifying the deltaF508 locus are: the external primer pair DeltaF508 out (F: 5'-TGGAGCCTTCAGAGGGTAAA-3 'SEQ ID NO: 25; R: 5'-
- the pair of internal primers deltaF508 in (F: 5'-TCTGTTCTCAGTTTTCCTGG-3 'SEQ ID NO: 27; R: 5'-TCTTACCTCTTCTAGTTGGC3' SEQ ID NO: 28) used during the second amplification phase of the step d).
- primers that can be used to carry out the invention may consist of variant oligonucleotides derived from the polynucleotides which have been given the above sequences.
- a variant oligonucleotide has, for example, at least 60% identity, preferably 80%, preferably 95% identity, or more, with the primer from which its sequence is derived.
- Said variant oligonucleotide has one or more sequence modifications with respect to the primer from which its sequence derives, as in particular one or more deletion, addition or substitution type modifications.
- said variant oligonucleotide has the same size as the primer from which its sequence derives.
- the length of said variant oligonucleotide has a size smaller than that of the primer whose sequence is derived, for example 10 to 20% shorter, or possibly a larger size, for example from 10 to 40%, in particular 30 to 40% longer than the sequence of the primer from which it derives.
- Variant primers of the oligonucleotides mentioned above may, for example, be derived from these oligonucleotides by the addition of one or more nucleotides in 5 'of the aforementioned sequences.
- Said oligonucleotide has the same properties as the primer from which it is derived if it can be used as a primer to amplify the DNA of a sample in particular for amplifying sequences comprising markers of the fetal origin of a cell, or for amplifying sequences comprising markers of genetic polymorphism forming a linkage with the altered CFTR gene characteristic of cystic fibrosis.
- the oligonucleotides that can be used in the context of the invention may be associated with markers, for example added 5 'or 3' to their sequence.
- the couples of Primers used primarily in Step d. will be primers capable of amplifying the deltaF508 locus to search for the deltaF508 allele or other known mutations detectable directly by the method according to the invention.
- said collected cell prior to the demonstration of the fetal or maternal origin of a collected cell, said collected cell is lysed and its entire genome is pre-amplified, for example with the aid of generic primers covering all possible sequences according to known primer extension preamplification (PEP) methods (Zhang, L., Cui, X., Schmitt, K., Hubert, R.WN., Arnheim Whole genomic amplification from a single cell: implications for genetic analysis, PNAS 1992 89: 5847-5851) or the DOP-PCR method. These methods make it possible to amplify the entire genome of a single cell.
- PEP primer extension preamplification
- the pre-amplified DNA preparation thus obtained and derived from the DNA of a single cell can then be purified and used as genetic material for the specific detection of genetic markers or polymorphism under steps c) and or d) of the method according to the invention.
- the fetal or maternal origin of a cell collected is demonstrated by amplification of genetic markers or polymorphism or a combination of these markers, starting from preparation of pre-amplified DNA derived from the DNA of a single cell.
- Genetic polymorphism markers capable of demonstrating the bi-parental contribution to fetal DNA are identified by prior analysis of paternal and maternal DNA using primers specifically identified to characterize paternal DNA and to characterize maternal DNA or, where consensus primers exist to determine the paternal or maternal origin of an allele of a gene, after verification that the primers in question are relevant for the analysis of the available controlled samples.
- any technique allowing the specific amplification of a given nucleic acid can be used.
- PCR Polymerase Chain Reaction
- isothermal amplification methods such as TMA (transcription mediated amplification), NASBA (nucleic acid sequence based amplification), 3SR (self sustained replication sequence) or strand displacement amplification.
- each pre-amplified DNA preparation of a collected cell can be used for the amplification of at least five different markers.
- the amplifications carried out by PCR allow the detection of markers of genetic polymorphisms (for example 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 markers), for the demonstration of the fetal origin of isolated cells.
- the PCR amplification also makes it possible to detect genetic markers located upstream, downstream or on the CFTR gene characteristic of cystic fibrosis.
- the sequences likely to carry the mutation, and in particular the deletion or the repetition of a DNA sequence, are amplified and the amplification products are separated according to their size, for example by electrophoresis.
- the presence of deletions or conversely repetitions is detected by the presence of an amplification product of smaller or greater size than amplification products not carrying a deletion or repetition, which can be represented by a difference in the size of the peaks corresponding to said amplification products.
- the amplification products can also be sequenced, in particular to precisely characterize the genetic markers, or to highlight point mutations.
- the steps c. and D. are carried out by the hybridization of all or part of the preparation pre-amplified or amplified DNA with specific DNA probes.
- the DNA probes are chosen to hybridize specifically on the markers for their identification or on the sequences bearing the markers to be searched. Hybridization of the probes on the markers can be detected according to standard detection techniques for nucleic acid hybridization complexes of slot-blot, Southern blot or, advantageously, today by microarray or microarray chips. networks (Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 2001 3rd Ed., Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, CoId Spring Harbor, New York).
- the DNA probes specific for the markers to be identified are fixed on a support forming a DNA chip or micro-array or macro-array.
- the preamplified or amplified DNA preparation is, for example, labeled with a radioactive or fluorescent label, and brought into contact with the DNA chip or microarray or macro-array comprising the specific probes.
- the intensity of hybridization is measured for each spot containing a specific probe, thus determining with great sensitivity the presence of the desired markers on the DNA of a collected cell.
- a sample is taken from the pregnant woman.
- a maternal sample is taken early during pregnancy (for example around the fifth week of pregnancy).
- the collection of the maternal sample and the diagnostic method according to the invention can be carried out at any time, from the beginning to the end of the pregnancy.
- sampling and diagnostic methods are carried out between the 7 th and I5 th week of pregnancy.
- the specimen and the diagnostic method are performed between the 10th and 15th weeks of pregnancy.
- 3 to 20 milliliters of maternal blood should be taken, preferably between 5 and 10 milliliters. If, for practical reasons, we take between 3 and 20 milliliters of maternal blood, it must be understood that the subsequent analysis of the cells Isolated fetuses described in the context of the invention may be carried out on a more limited volume of blood sample taken, for example between 1 and 10 milliliters, preferably between 2 and 5 milliliters. To increase the sensitivity of the diagnosis, it is possible to perform several independent samples to repeat the diagnosis on different independent samples.
- a sample in parallel from the father and a sample of cells from the mother, for example by removing oral cells by "scraping" or sampling. of blood, possibly before pregnancy, and to carry out from the material taken, a search for markers specific to the paternal genome and the maternal genome.
- This parallel study makes it possible to identify specific genetic markers of the father and the mother, which can be used to demonstrate the fetal origin of the isolated cells according to the embodiments described in the present application.
- fetal cell enrichment of a maternal sample taken, pure or diluted may include cells of fetal origin, any technique may be used, including: filtration; gradient separation; immunologically based selection (positive, immunologically labeled cells are the cells of interest, i.e., fetal cells, or negative, immunologically labeled cells are irrelevant cells); the proliferation of the cells of interest, that is to say the fetal cells; lysis of irrelevant cells.
- the circulating epithelial (trophoblastic) fetal cells in the blood have a diameter greater than the maternal leukocyte and erythrocyte cells and can be isolated by filtration methods adapted from those described for the isolation of circulating pathogenic cells in the blood such as those described in US Pat. FR 2782730.
- the teaching of this patent application is incorporated by reference in the present application.
- step a) consists in the filtration of a maternal sample taken, pure or diluted, which may comprise cells of fetal origin, so as to concentrate on a filter, according to their size, certain cells therein. including cells of fetal origin and, step b) consists of the analysis of the cells retained on the filter and the selection of the presumed cells of fetal origin.
- filtration can enrich and separate fetal cells from blood cells, especially maternal leukocytes.
- any method allowing the enrichment of the cell population from the sample taken, in cells of fetal origin can be implemented.
- an enrichment of the population in fetal cells is achieved by sorting the cells according to the expression of surface markers expressed by the fetal cells to decrease the proportion of cells of maternal origin.
- Cell sorting techniques are, for example, FACS, immunoaffinity or immunomagnetic column sorting (MACS) or any technique capable of providing enrichment of a cell type on the basis of physical (density) or structural (antigenic) characteristics. particular).
- a dilution of the sample taken from a filtration solution can be carried out, said filtration solution consisting of a reagent for fixing the cells nucleated and / or lysed red blood cells.
- An exemplary filtration solution includes a detergent capable of degrading the red blood cell membrane, such as saponin, and a fixative capable of stabilizing the membrane of nucleated cells such as formaldehyde.
- the maternal sample taken is diluted about 10 to 100 times in the filtration solution.
- the filtration of the pure or diluted sample is performed using a porous filter to separate the cells according to their size.
- the porosity of the filter is chosen so as to let the figured elements of the blood, in particular the erythrocytes, the platelets and the maternal leucocytes, and to retain certain nucleated cells and in particular cells. large (epithelial or hematopoietic precursors) of maternal and fetal origin.
- a porosity filter between 6 and 15 ⁇ m and a density adapted to the selected porosity and able to retain the cells while avoiding the clogging thereof during filtration, may be used in particular.
- the filter has substantially cylindrical pores of a diameter approximately 8 ⁇ m and with a density of between 5.10 4 and 5.10 5 pores / cm 2 .
- the filter used is calibrated so that all the pores have a substantially identical diameter.
- a filter that can be used in the process of the invention is a calibrated filter membrane of "Track-Etched membrane" type polycarbonate having a pore density of 1 ⁇ 10 5 pores / cm 2 , a thickness of 12 ⁇ m and a thickness of a pore size of 8 ⁇ m, such as that marketed by Whatman®.
- Step a. of the method according to the invention is based on the existence and the development of a specific device called ISET (Acronym for Insulation by Size of Epithelial Tumor CeIIs) and described in EP 0513 139 and comprising on a frame:
- ISET Acronym for Insulation by Size of Epithelial Tumor CeIIs
- porous filter capable of retaining certain cells (circulating in the framework of a maternal blood sample) according to their size, mounted between two clamping devices, respectively upstream and downstream of the filtration direction, and intended for sealing filtration,
- the upstream block comprising means for storing and / or pre-treating the samples to be analyzed
- downstream block comprising perforations facing the storage means for collecting the waste; forced filtration means.
- the invention also relates to the adaptation and use of a device of this type to the filtration of fetal cells present in the maternal sample taken for the purposes of the method of detection, non-invasive, prenatal of the cystic fibrosis.
- adaptation and use we mean:
- a porosity filter preferably calibrated, capable of retaining cells with an average diameter greater than 8 microns, and better, greater than 10 microns, preferably greater than 15 microns.
- An average porosity filter of 8 ⁇ m has been shown to meet these desired characteristics;
- Step a. of the method according to the invention may comprise the use of an ISET type filtration device, for the isolation of fetal cells from the sampled maternal cell sample and comprising a filter with a mean porosity of between 6 ⁇ m and 15 ⁇ m, and preferably about 8 ⁇ m.
- Step a. may also include the use of an ISET device in which the filter has pores with a diameter of about 8 microns and a pore density between 5.10 4 and 5.10 5 .
- Step a. may finally include the use of a type of filtration device
- ISET in which the filtration depression applied is between 0.05 bar and 0.8 bar, and preferably about 0.1 bar.
- cells retained on the filter during step a. are collected individually. By individual collection of cells, it is necessary to understand any method which makes it possible to collect a specific individual cell selected during step a) for subsequent analysis independently of the other cells retained during step a).
- cells retained during step a) can be collected individually, in particular by microdissection.
- step a) consists of a filtration
- the microdissection consists for example in laser cutting the portion of a filter membrane on which a cell is held or to take off the cell using the laser and then recovering the single cell collected in a suitable tube. This is then able to undergo the various analyzes of steps b), c) and d) described in the context of the invention.
- the cells retained during step a) can be analyzed "in situ" during step b), without individual collection of cells.
- This analysis is performed by a cytological, immunological or molecular method, for example one of the following:
- FISH FISH, in situ PCR, PNA, PRINS.
- step a) The cells retained during step a) are collected and then analyzed in situ during step b).
- the individual collection of cells makes it possible to advantageously target genetic analysis on the genome of a single cell. It also makes it possible to detect cystic fibrosis on the genome of a single cell whose fetal origin has been previously demonstrated by genetic analysis.
- this embodiment of the invention one obtains pure genetic material, that is to say, derived from a single cell, and usable both for the steps c. and D. of the method according to the invention.
- primers suitable for carrying out step c has been illustrated. or step d., see two steps.
- other primers may be implemented which consist, for example, of variant oligonucleotides whose sequence is derived from that of a primer chosen from:
- F 5'-AAAAACCCTGGCTTATGC-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 1); R: 5'-AGCTACCATAGGGCTGGAGG-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 2); or
- F ⁇ '-GGAATCTGTTCTGGCAATGGAT-S '(SEQ ID NO: 5); R: 5'-TTGCAATGAGCCGAGATCCTG-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 6); or
- F 5'-CAGATGCTCGTTGTGCACAA-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 9); R: 5'-ATACCATTTACGTTTGTGTGTG-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 10); or -F: 5'-TGACAGTGCAGCTCATGGTC-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 13); R: 5'-
- F ⁇ '-TTGACATTCTTCTGTAAGGAAGA-S '(SEQ ID NO: 17); R: 5'-AGGCTTGCCAAAGATATTAAAAG-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 18) or
- F ⁇ '-TTGTGAATAGTGCTGCAATG-S '(SEQ ID NO: 21); R: 5'-ATGTACACTGACTTGTTTGAG-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 22); or
- F ⁇ '-TGGAGCCTTCAGAGGGTAAA-S '(SEQ ID NO: 25); R: 5'-TGCATAATCAAAAAGTTTTCACA-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 26) or
- F 5'-CTTGGGGACTGAACCATCTT-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 3); R: 5'-AGCTACCATAGGGCTGGAGG-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 4); or F: 5'-AAAGGCCAATGGTATATCCC-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 7); R: 5'-GCCCAGGTGATTGATAGTGC-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 8); or
- F 5'-CCCTCTCAATTGT ⁇ GTCTACC-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 19); R: 5'-GCAAGAGATTTCAGTGCCAT-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 20); or
- F 5'-TCTGTTCTCAGTTTTCCTGG-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 27); R: (5'-TCTTACCTCTTCTAGTTGGC-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 28);
- F 5'-CCTTGGGCCAATAAGGTAAG-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 31); R: 5'-AGCTACTTGCAGTGTAACAGCATTT-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 32); F: 5'-CTGATTCATAGCAGCACTTG -3 '(SEQ ID NO: 35); R: 5'-
- a variant oligonucleotide has, for example, at least 60% identity, preferably 80%, preferably 95% identity, or more, with the primer from which its sequence is derived.
- Said variant oligonucleotide has one or more sequence modifications with respect to the primer from which its sequence derives, as in particular one or more deletion, addition or substitution type modifications. Nucleotides added are particularly at the 3 'end. In a specific example, said variant oligonucleotide has the same size as the primer from which its sequence derives.
- the length of said variant oligonucleotide has a smaller size, for example from 10 to 20% relative to that of the primer from which its sequence is derived or optionally, a larger size, for example from 10 to 40%, in particular 30 to 40% relative to the sequence of the primer from which it derives.
- the oligonucleotide has the same properties as the primer from which it is derived if it can be used as a primer to amplify the DNA of a biological cell sample, in particular to amplify sequences comprising markers of the fetal origin of a cell, or to amplify sequences comprising genetic markers located upstream, downstream or on the CFTR gene characteristic of cystic fibrosis.
- the cells retained on the filter can be observed under a microscope, for example after staining with hematoxylin and eosin so as to analyze their morphology in order to determine a presumption of their fetal origin.
- Their epithelial nature can be identified, for example, by immunostaining with an anti-cytokeratin antibody (type KL-i).
- cytotrophoblastic cells mononucleated, presenting a large nucleus, a condensed chromatin and a reduced cytoplasm, of a diameter between 14 and 20 ⁇ m and syncytiotrophoblastic cells with a larger diameter (44-47 ⁇ m or more) and plurinucleate.
- Presumption or "presumed” in step (b) thus indicates the high probability of being in the presence of a cell of fetal origin.
- step a) reinforces the presumption by obtaining indications on the fetal or maternal origin of each of these cells.
- step a) will be repeated if no presumed cell of fetal origin is observed thereupon.
- the genetic analysis will be established on all the cells retained during step a) and comprising certain cells whose fetal origin is presumed, in particular on the genome of a small number of cells, ranging from 1 to 20 cells, more particularly from 1 to 10 cells, or on the contrary the analysis will be carried out on, for example, the genome (s) of 1, 2 or 3 cells and advantageously on the genome of individually isolated cells.
- the presumptive analysis of the fetal or maternal origin of the cells retained on the filter is carried out by the search for the presence of immunological (s) or cytological (s) markers ( s) fetal cells.
- immunological marker characteristic of fetal cells is meant any antigen or combination of antigens whose expression is normally significantly different between the fetal cells and the maternal cells, and which can be detected using an antibody or a combination of antibodies directed specifically against said antigen or combination of antigens.
- immunological markers are in particular the antigens associated with trophoblastic cells described in the patent application WO 90/06509. The teaching of this patent application is incorporated by reference in the present application.
- the search for the presence of immunological markers characteristic of fetal cells consists, for example:
- the selected antibodies may be of the polyclonal or monoclonal type.
- An example of an antigen characteristic of fetal cells is the placental alkaline phosphatase antigen.
- the presumptive analysis of the fetal origin of the cells can be carried out by the determination of cytological markers specific for cytotrophoblastic and / or syncyciotrophoblastic cells.
- the cytological markers that can be used include all the cytological characteristics of the fetal cells making it possible to differentiate them from other types of circulating cells that may be retained on the filter, in particular, the size of the cells, the shape of the cells, the presence and particular organelle size, nucleus size and number, chromatin structure, etc., or any particular combinations of these cytological characteristics.
- the cytological characters can be observed by staining the cells using dyes conventionally used in cytology, in particular hematoxylin-eosin and by observation of the labeled cells by optical microscopy.
- the subject of the invention also relates to a polynucleotide that can be used as a primer to amplify a quantity of DNA of a biological sample characterized in that it comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence chosen from the following: F: 5'-AAAAACCCTGGCTTATGC-3 '; R: 5'-
- R ⁇ '-GGTCATTGGTCAAGGGCTGCT-S '; or F: ⁇ '-TTGACATTCTTCTGTAAGGAAGA-S '; R: 5'-AGGCTTGCCAAAGATATTAAAAG-3 'or
- F 5'-GAATTATAACCGTAACTGATTC-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 33); R: 5'-GAGATAATGCTTGTCTGACTTC-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 34).
- a variant oligonucleotide has, for example, at least 60% identity, preferably 80%, preferably 95% identity, or more, with the primer from which its sequence is derived.
- Said variant oligonucleotide has one or more sequence modifications with respect to the primer from which its sequence derives, as in particular one or more deletion, addition or substitution type modifications.
- said variant oligonucleotide has the same size as the primer from which its sequence derives.
- the length of said variant oligonucleotide has a size of 10 to 20% less than that of the primer whose sequence is derived from it or, if appropriate, a larger size, for example from 10 to
- Variant primers of the oligonucleotides mentioned above may, for example, be derived from these oligonucleotides by the addition of one or more nucleotides in 5 'of the aforementioned sequences.
- the oligonucleotide has the same properties as the primer from which it is derived if it is useful as a primer for amplifying the DNA of a biological cell sample, in particular for amplifying sequences comprising markers of the fetal origin of a cell. or to amplify sequences comprising a mutation of the F508 locus or sequences comprising markers of genetic polymorphism forming a linkage with the CFTR gene characteristic of cystic fibrosis.
- the subject of the invention also relates to a pair of polynucleotides that can be used as a pair of primers to amplify an amount of DNA of a biological sample, characterized in that it is chosen from the pairs of polynucleotides whose sequences include or consist of: - F: 5'-AAAAACCCTGGCTTATGC-3 '; R: 5'-
- the subject of the invention also relates to the combination of a pair of so-called external primers, with respect to the target sequence, used in a first amplification phase of a DNA preparation and another pair of primers, called internal or nested with respect to said external primers, used in a second amplification phase on the amplification product obtained by said first amplification phase, said pairs being chosen from:
- TTGCAATGAGCCGAGATCCTG-3 'as external primers and -F 5'-AAAGGCCAATGGTATATCCC-3'; R: ⁇ '-GCCCAGGTGATTGATAGTGC-S 'as internal primers; or
- ATACCATTTACGTTTGTGTGTG-3 'as external primers and -F 5'-GATCCCAAGCTCTTCCTCTT-3'; R: ⁇ '-ACGTTTGTGTGTGCATCTGT-S 'as internal primers; or
- F ⁇ '-TGGAGCCTTCAGAGGGTAAA-S '; R: 5'-TGCATAATCAAAAAGTTTTCACA-3 'as external primers and F: 5'-TCTGTTCTCAGTTTTCCTGG-3'; R: 5'-TCTTACCTCTTCTAGTTGGC-3 'as internal primers; or
- F 5'-AAGTAATTCTCCTGCCTCAG-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 29); R: 5'-AGCTACTTGCAGTGTAACAGCATTT -3 '(SEQ ID NO: 30) as external primers and F: 5'-CCTTGGGCCAATAAGGTAAG-3' (SEQ ID NO: 31); R: 5'-
- F 5'-CTGATTCATAGCAGCACTTG -3' (SEQ ID NO: 35)
- R 5'-AAAACATTTCCATTACCACTG-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 36) as internal primers.
- the invention also relates to the use of primers in the context of a prenatal, in vitro non-invasive detection method of normal healthy state, healthy carrier state or ill carrier state of cystic fibrosis from the genomic DNA of fetal cells isolated from the maternal sample taken, characterized in that the primers are chosen from: - F: 5'-AAAAACCCTGGCTTATGC-3 '; R: 5'-
- F 5'-GAATTATAACCGTAACTGATTC-S '(SEQ ID NO: 33); R: 5'-GAGATAATGCTTGTCTGACTTC-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 34); F: 5'-CCTTGGGCCAATAAGGTAAG-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 31); R: 5'-
- the invention also relates to the use of primers in the context of an in vitro method for identifying the fetal character of a single cell collected from the maternal sample taken from a DNA preparation derived from the genome of the single cell collected, characterized in that the primers are chosen from:
- F 5'-GAATTATAACCGTAACTGATTC-S '(SEQ ID NO: 33); R: 5'-GAGATAATGCTTGTCTGACTTC-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 34); -F: 5'-CTTGGGGACTGAACCATCTT-3 '; R: 5'-
- F 5'-CCTTGGGCCAATAAGGTAAG-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 31); R: 5'-AGCTACTTGCAGTGTAACAGCATTT-S '(SEQ ID NO: 32); F: 5'-CTGATTCATAGCAGCACTTG -3 '(SEQ ID NO: 35); R: 5'-
- the subject of the invention also relates to a kit for the non-invasive, prenatal detection of the normal healthy state, the healthy carrier state or the cystic fibrosis patient condition comprising one or more primers mentioned above, and where appropriate instructions for performing cystic fibrosis detection.
- the methods and means (in particular the primers) used in the context of the present invention can be used in the context of the detection of cystic fibrosis and may, where appropriate, be considered, as such, or supplemented by other tests. , as methods and means of diagnosis.
- Figure 1 Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis in couples with deltaF508 allele
- STR genotyping in pair 1 (A) with marker D16S539 and pair 6 (A 1 ) with marker D16S3018 In the couple 1 (A), the father (P) is homozygote for the targeted allele, while the mother (M) is heterozygous. Two fetal cells (CF) are shown, characterized by a paternal allele (left) and a maternal allele (right). In pair 6 (A 1 ), both parents are heterozygous with the STR marker used and the two fetal cells (CF) have one maternal allele (left) and one paternal allele (right).
- Genotyping deltaF508 (B and B ') performed on the fetal cells of pair 1 (B) and 6 (B') shows that the fetus of pair 1 is carrying the deltaF508 allele, having a mutated allele (AM) and a normal allele (AN), while the fetus of the pair 6 is completely normal (homozygous for the normal allele).
- C and C sequencing of the deltaF508 locus in fetal cells confirms the diagnosis by showing both the mutated and normal pattern in the fetus of pair 1 (C), and the homozygous presence of normal Pallele in the fetus of pair 6 ( VS).
- Figure 2 Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis in pair 11
- A Genotyping DNA with the D7S486 marker on chromosome 7, showing that parents (P and M) are heterozygous and that the affected child (Cl: case index) carries mutated alleles d and a. Both fetal cells (CF) of the current pregnancy carry a single mutated allele (d), demonstrating that the fetus is carrier but unaffected.
- B DNA genotyping of the deltaF508 locus showing that the father carries a mutated allele (AM) and a normal allele (AN). The index case carries the mutated deltaF508 allele, while the two fetal cells of the current pregnancy are homozygous for the normal allele.
- the fetus carries a mutation on chromosome 7 that is not the deltaF508 mutation.
- C Schematic representation of the two chromosomes 7 in the paternal DNA (P), the maternal DNA (M), the index case (Cl) and the circulating fetal cells (CF): the father carries a deltaF508 allele, while the mother carries an unknown mutation.
- the index case carries both mutations and the fetal cells carry only the unknown mutation.
- Figure 3 Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis in pair 11 A. Genotyping of DNA with the D7S486 information marker on chromosome 7, showing that the parents (P and M) are heterozygous and that the index case (Cl) bears the mutated alleles d and a. The two fetal cells (CF) of pregnancy in courses carry non-mutated alleles (c and b), demonstrating that the fetus is completely normal.
- FIG. 4 Non-invasive Prenatal Diagnosis (NI-PND) Protocol Diagram for Cystic Fibrosis
- STR short tandem repeat
- ISET Insertion by Size of Epithelial Tumor / Trophoblastic cells
- LCM laser capture microdissection
- PEP primer extension preamplification
- MC maternal cells
- CFC circulating fetal cells
- A, B, C STR genotyping in pair 1 with marker D16S539 (A), pair 6 with marker D16S3018 (B) and pair 8 with marker D21S1435 (C).
- the father (P) is homozygous for the target allele (one peak), while the mother (M) is heterozygous (two peaks).
- Two circulating fetal cells (CFC) in this pair are characterized by a paternal allele (left) and a maternal allele (right).
- pair 6 (B), and pair 8 (C) both parents are heterozygous with the STR marker used and both fetal cells (CFCs) have one maternal allele (left) and one paternal allele (right) .
- a ', B', C The deltaF508 genotyping performed on the circulating fetal cells (CFC) of the pair 1 (A '), the pair 6 (B'), and the pair 8 (C) shows that the fetus of the couple 1 is carrying the deltaF508 allele, having a mutated allele (AM) and a normal allele (AN), whereas the fetus of pair 6 is completely normal (homozygous for the normal allele), and the fetus of pair 8 is affected by cystic fibrosis (CF) (homozygous for the allele). mutated).
- AM mutated allele
- AN normal allele
- CF cystic fibrosis
- a “, B”, C “: sequencing of the F508 locus in fetal cells of the pair 1 (A"), the pair 6 (B ") and the pair 8 (C") confirms the diagnosis by showing both the profile mutated and normal in the fetus of the pair 1 (A "), and the homozygous presence of the normal allele in the fetus of the pair 6 (B”), and the homozygous presence of the mutated allele in the fetus of the pair 8 ( VS").
- A, B, C DNA genotyping of the pair 11 and their affected child with the D7S486 information marker on chromosome 7, showing that the father (P) and the mother (M) are heterozygous.
- the father carries the alleles c and a, while the mother carries the alleles d and b.
- Their affected child (Cl: index case) carries the alleles d and a, which must therefore be linked to the mutated CFTR alleles.
- Two CFCs of current pregnancy carry alleles d and c, demonstrating that the fetus is CF-positive, but unaffected.
- A DNA genotyping of the F508 locus showing that the father carries a mutated allele (AM) and a normal allele (AN).
- the index case has compound heterozygosity, and carries the paternal Fdelta508 allele and a maternal CFTR mutation.
- Two fetal cells are homozygous for the normal F508 allele.
- data from A and B show that the fetus carries the maternal CFTR mutation.
- C Schematic representation of CFTR alleles and CFTR-related STR alleles (a, b, c, d).
- grayed block unknown CFTR mutation.
- D, E STR 12
- DNA genotyping with D7S486 marker on chromosome 7 shows that the father and mother are heterozygous and the index case carries the a and d alleles D7S486, which must therefore be linked to the alleles CFTR mutated.
- Two CFCs in the current pregnancy carry the D7S486 c and d alleles linked to mutated CFTR alleles, demonstrating that the fetus is completely normal.
- Example 1 Non-invasive diagnosis of cystic fibrosis predisposition by efficient enrichment of trophoblastic cells and mutation analysis limited to genomes of fetal revealed single cells by genotyping. 1-1 Method
- ISET isolation according to the size of the epithelial / trophoblastic tumor cells.
- the paternal DNA and maternal DNA were extracted from 1 ml of blood and 1.5 ng were used for allelotyping with specific primers of the microsatellite markers (STRs) D7S480, D7S486, D16539, D16S3018, D21S1435 and D21S1437.
- STRs microsatellite markers
- a set of external primers (out) and one of internal primers (in) (fluoresceinated) were used for each STR marker (see Table 1 for the sequence of primers and PCR profiles).
- lysis buffer Tris-HCl 100 mmol / l, pH 8, proteinase K 400 ⁇ g / ml
- PEP amplification primer extension
- 2 ⁇ l of the first PCR product were amplified again in 40 ⁇ l using the internal primers and the same protocol (see Table 1 for the sequence of primers and PCR profiles).
- 1 ⁇ l of the PCR product diluted 1:20 was then mixed with 13.5 ⁇ l of deionized Hi-Di Formamide, 0.5 ⁇ l of Genescan 400 HD (ROX) marker (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA), and loaded on an ABI Prism 3100 Automatic Sequencer (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA).
- the profiles were analyzed using the Genescan and Genotypersoftware programs (Perkin Elmer, Foster City, CA).
- SEQ ID NO: 1 F 5'-S AAAAACCCTGGCTTATGC 1 5 minutes 94 ° C, 40 x (30 s 94 0 C 30s 58 0 C, SEQ ID NO: 2 A: ⁇ '-AGCTACCATAGGGCTGGAGG-S 30 s 72 ° C), 5 min 72 ° C.
- SEQ ID NO: 9 F 5'-CAGATGCTCGTTGTGCACAA-3 '5 min 94 ° C, 40x (30s 94 ° C, 45s 60 ° C, o SEQ ID NO: 10 R: 5'-ATACCATTTACGTTTGTGTGTG- 3 '30 s 72 ° C), 5 min 72 ° C.
- SEQ ID NO: 13 F 5'-TGACAGTGCAGCTCATGGTC-3 '5 min 94 ° C, 40x (30s 94 ° C, 30s 61 0 C, SEQ ID NO: 14 R: 5'-GGTCATTGGTCAAGGGCTGCT -3 30 s 72 ° C), 5 min 72 ° C.
- D16S3018 in SEQ ID NO: 15 F ⁇ '-GGATAAACATAGAGCGACAGTTC-S '5 min 94 ° C, 40x (30s 94 ° C, 30s 58 ° C, SEQ ID NO: 16 R: 5'-AGACAGAGTCCCAGGCATT-3 30 s 72 ° C), 5 min 72 ° C.
- SEQ ID NO: 17 F ⁇ '-TTGACATTCTTCTGTAAGGAAGA-S '5 min 94 ° C, 40 x (30 s 94 ° C, 30 s 58 ° C, SEQ ID NO: 18 R: 5'-AGGCTTGCCAAAGATATTAAAAG-3 45 sec 72 ° C), 5 min 72 ° C.
- SEQ ID NO: 21 F 5'-TTGTGAATAGTGCTGCAATG-3 '5 min 94 ° C, 40 x (30 sec 94 ° C, 45 sec 60 ° C, SEQ ID NO: 22 R: 5 1 -ATGTACACTGACTTGTTTGAG-3 30 s 72 ° C), 5 min 72 ° C.
- SEQ ID NO: 29 F 5'-AAGTAATTCTCCTGCCTCAG-3 '5 min 94 ° C, 40x (30s 94 ° C, 30s 58 ° C, SEQ ID NO: 30 R: 5'-AGCTACTTGCAGTGTAACAGCATTT -3 30 s 72 ° C), 5 min 72 ° C.
- At least two informative markers (Table 2), identified from those tested on paternal and maternal DNA isolated from PBL cells (Table 1), were used for allelotyping of microdissected cells. This allowed us to identify at least two fetal cells from only 2 ml of maternal blood.
- L 1 DNA unique fetal cells was then analyzed with nested primers comprising the deltaF508 locus.
- This analysis can reveal the deltaF508 allele, which is characterized by a deletion of 3 bp (CTT) (a product of PCR of 117 bp instead of 120 bp, see figure 1), allowing to know if the fetus is affected by the cystic fibrosis (homozygous presence of the deltaF508 allele), carrier of the deltaF508 allele (heterozygous presence of the deltaF508 allele), or normal (homozygous absence of the deltaF508 allele).
- CTT 3 bp
- I 1 ADO is no longer a limitation to our dosage.
- the genotyping step of single cells even if ADO occurs (we have actually observed it twice), the only consequence is the loss of a fetal cell, without the risk of making a wrong diagnosis.
- For the amplification of cystic fibrosis mutation in single fetal cells we obtained consistent results in the fetal cells analyzed. At this stage, it is possible to mix PEP products obtained from two or more fetal cells, a procedure that is known to eliminate the risk of ADO.
- EXAMPLE 2 Filtration of a Sample of Pure or Diluted Maternal Blood, in order to Concentrate on a Filter According to Their Size Certain Circulating Cells and in Particular Fetal Origin Cells and Analysis of Fetal cells retained on the filter to obtain a presumption of their fetal or maternal origin.
- the blood samples were diluted 10-fold in filtration buffer containing 0.175% saponin, 0.2% paraformaldehyde, 0.0372% EDTA and 0.1% BSA, then filtered using a calibrated polycarbonate filter having cylindrical calibrated pores 8 ⁇ m in diameter.
- the cells retained on the filter were grouped on a circular spot of 0.6 cm in diameter. After staining with eosin and hematoxylin, the spots were analyzed under a microscope and a photograph of each cell was taken at high and low magnification. The size of the cells was determined using the Adobe Photoshop software, taking as reference the size of 8 ⁇ m of the pores. Photos are used to find the cells using the Arcturus Pixcell II microscope (Mountain View, CA).
- FIG. 2 illustrates the microscopic analysis obtained by this method.
- Microdissection of each cell was performed by laser capture without any prior filter treatment.
- photographs of the filter before and after microdissection and the microdissected cell deposited on the capsule were taken.
- the cell was then lysed in 15 ⁇ l of lysis buffer (100 mM Tris-HCl pH 8, 400 ⁇ g / ml proteinase K) for 16 hours at 37 ° C.
- the lysate was collected after centrifugation and proteinase K was inactivated at 90 0 C for 10 minutes.
- primer extension preamplification PEP
- the DNA was precipitated with ethanol and resuspended in 10 .mu.l of water.
- Each sample was then tested on the one hand with the primers described in this application.
- PCRs were carried out on a reaction mixture volume of 20 ⁇ l containing 2 ⁇ l of PEP product (preamplification by primer extension), 10 mM Tris-HCl, 50 mM KCl, 1.5 mM MgCl 2 , 01% gelatin, 200 mM each deoxynucleotide, 20 picomoles of each primer used and 1 U Taq polymerase (Perkin-Elmer Cetus, Emeryville, CA).
- 40 amplification cycles 94 ° C. 30 s, 55 ° to 61 ° C. 30 to 45 s, 72 ° C.
- Example 4 Detection of mutations in the CFTR gene inherited from father and mother in fetal cells isolated from maternal blood allow for safe prenatal diagnosis of cystic fibrosis
- a multi-marker STR approach was developed to accelerate the genotyping step on a single cell, and the F508 mutation analysis was conducted on the genomes of three trophoblastic cells put together (pooled genomes), so to avoid the problems of allelic loss (allele drop out, ADO).
- the remaining 5 mL of maternal blood was treated with ISET up to 3 hours after collection, as previously described, using the ISET device (Metagenex, Paris, France, www.metagenex.fr) and stored at -20 ° C. (Beroud et al., 2003, Vona et al., 2002). Three mL of each ISET-treated maternal blood sample (i.e., three spots - spots - on the filter) were analyzed. After immunohistochemical analysis with the KL1 antibody (Vona et al., 2002) to identify epithelial cells, a single-cell laser microdissection was performed using the Nikon TE 2000 U laser-equipped microscope (Nikon, Paris, France and MMI, Zurich, Switzerland).
- ISET enriches epithelial cells from the blood but also retains about 0.02% of peripheral blood leukocytes (Vona et al 2002, Vona et al 2000).
- the blood of 5 known carriers of Fdelta508 was treated with ISET, and 75 single cells of leukocytes were microdissected.
- Each microdissected cell was lysed in 15 ⁇ l of lysis buffer (Tris-HCl 100 mmol / L, pH 8, proteinase K 400 ⁇ g / ml) for 2 hours at 60 ° C., followed by the inactivation of proteinase K at 94 ° C for 15 minutes.
- lysis buffer Tris-HCl 100 mmol / L, pH 8, proteinase K 400 ⁇ g / ml
- PEP primer extension primer amplification
- PCR buffer 25 mM MgCl 2 / gelatin (1 mg / ml), 100 mM tris-HCl, pH 8.3, 500 Mm KCl
- STR amplifications were carried out in 40 ⁇ l containing 4 ⁇ l of PEP product, 10 mM Tris-HCl, 50 mM KCl, 2.5 mM MgCl 2 , 200 ⁇ M of each deoxynucleotide. 0.5 ⁇ M of each primer and 2 U of Taq GoId (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA).
- One ⁇ l of the PCR product diluted 1: 20 was then mixed with 13.5 ⁇ l of Hi-Di deionized formamide and 0.5 ⁇ l of Genescan 400 HD marker (ROX) (Applied Biosystems), and placed in a ABI Prism 3100 Automatic Sequencer (Applied Biosystems). The profiles were analyzed using the Genescan and Genotyper (Applied Biosystems) programs.
- STR Short Tandem Repeat
- PA amplification accuracy
- ADO allele drop out allic loss
- the genomes of individual cells were individually tested (4 ⁇ L of PEP product by amplification), and in groups of three, by mixing 30 ⁇ L of the PEP product and taking 12 ⁇ L (from 90 ⁇ L) for the amplification of F508.
- the amplifications were carried out in 40 ⁇ l containing 4 ⁇ l of the PEP product (or 100 ⁇ l containing 12 ⁇ l of the PEP product), 10 mM of Tris-HCl, 50 mM of KCl, 2.5 mM of MgCl 2 , 200 ⁇ l of each deoxynucleotide, 0.5 ⁇ l of each primer. and 2 U of Taq GoId (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA).
- ISET Insertion by Size of Epithelial Tumor / Trophoblastic that isolation according to the size of the epithelial / trophoblastic tumor cells; CVS (chorionic villus sampling) chorionic villus sampling; F508del / N, with heterozygous Fdelta508 allele; N / N, with homozygous normal alleles; F508del / F508del, with homozygous Fdelta508 alleles;
- fetal cell analysis was performed by an indirect method, using polymorphic polymorphic STR markers linked to the CFTR locus on chromosome 7, thus making it possible to compare the index case and the haplotypes of the fetus.
- Noninvasive tests were performed in the Biochemistry Department of Necker Hospital - Sick Children using a completely blinded approach by operators who were not informed of the results of the invasive analysis, which was performed in the Department of Medical Genetics of the same Hospital.
- allelic loss (ADO) is a stochastic event, and affects either allele at a frequency of about 1 in 10 (0.1) assays, it will affect the same allele at a frequency of 1/20 (0.05).
- allelic loss (ADO) is a stochastic event, and affects either allele at a frequency of about 1 in 10 (0.1) assays, it will affect the same allele at a frequency of 1/20 (0.05).
- We therefore deduced that if we mixed the DNA of 3 or more fetal cells, the frequency of allelic loss affecting the same allele would drop to 0.0001 (0.05 x 0.05 x 0.05 0.000125) .
- DNAs extracted from maternal blood (1 mL) and paternal blood (1 mL) are compared using STR primers to identify informative STR markers.
- ISET is used to enrich feto-circulating trophoblasts from maternal blood (5 mL).
- the trophoblastic cells, identified by immunolabeling with KL1 and by cell morphology, are then individually harvested from the ISET filter by laser capture microdissection (LCM), and their DNA is then analyzed after cell lysis.
- the complete genome of the individual cells is first amplified by preamplification by random primer extension (PEP) (final volume: 60 ⁇ L).
- Genotyping analyzes allowed us to identify at least three fetal cells from 3 mL of each maternal blood (see for example in Figure 5, elements A, B and C). These fetal cells have been individually tested, and also in groups. In groups 1 to 10 (see Table 4 above, see Figure 5) where both parents carry deltaF508, we studied the DNA extracted from fetal cells with primers covering the F508 locus (see Figure 5). ). This assay identified the deltaF508 mutation that is characterized by a three base pair deletion (CTT) that yields a 117 bp PCR product instead of 120 bp (see FIGS.
- CTT three base pair deletion
- allelic in the PEP product groups from the product groups PEP of three fetal cells.
- the method involves the isolation of circulating fetal cells (CFCs) by ISET and laser microdissection, genotyping to determine the presence of paternal markers (ie to confirm the fetal origin of these cells), and the analysis of the mutation of a pool of three cells whose fetal character had been genetically proven. Fetal cells can be isolated from all mothers without additional risk of miscarriage, and mutation analysis can be performed on pools of cells that have been proven fetal, reducing to almost zero, and significantly, the probability of ADO (allelic loss). These features make the test reliable, and potentially clinically applicable as a safe alternative to invasive prenatal diagnostic procedures.
- CFCs circulating fetal cells
- Fetal DNA lacking cells in maternal plasma corresponds to 3-5% of total plasma DNA (Lo, et al., 1998), and allows determination of fetal sex, fetal Rh status, and fetal point mutations inherited from the father since this DNA does not exist in the maternal genetic inheritance (Li, et al., 2005, Li, et al., 2004).
- This approach can not be applied routinely for the prenatal diagnosis of recessive disorders such as cystic fibrosis which, by definition, requires the study of mutations inherited from the mother and father.
- Our new approach overcomes all the obstacles of non-invasive prenatal diagnosis of cystic fibrosis.
- the rare circulating trophoblasts which are considered not to persist after delivery (Bianchi, et al., 1996) are enriched by ISET because they are larger than peripheral blood leukocytes. This enrichment is so effective that fetal cells, 3 or more, have been found in a single sample of only 2-4 mL of blood taken from all mothers in the 51-member group tested to date in our laboratory.
- Individual cell genotyping after laser microdissection allows unequivocal identification of fetal cells by bi-parental contribution to their genome. At the individual cell genotyping stage, even if ADO occurs, the consequence is that the DNA of the individual cell is incompletely characterized, and therefore discarded. There is no risk of making an incorrect diagnosis.
- the optimized PEP protocol includes the degree of preservation of DNA (we retain ISET filters for non-invasive prenatal diagnosis at -20 0 C), treatment with proteinase K to lyse cell proteins (several protocols were compared), and the quality of the degenerate primers used for PEP (all primer lots are checked prior to their use in the non-invasive prenatal diagnostic protocol).
- This optimized strategy which can be accelerated by automated laser microdissection and the development of kits for specific PCR analysis, should allow access of non-invasive prenatal diagnosis of cystic fibrosis in clinical application.
- Bianchi DW Simpson JL, LG Jackson, Elias S, Holzgreve W, Evans Ml, KA Dukes, Sullivan LM, Klinger KW, Bischoff FZ and others. 2002. Fetal gender and aneuploidy detection using fetal cells in maternal blood: analysis of NIFTY I data. National Institute of Child Health and Development Fetal CeII Isolation Study. Prenat Diagn 22 (7): 609-15. Bianchi DW, Zickwolf GK, Weil GJ, Sylvester S, DeMaria MA. 1996. MaIe fetal progenitor cells persist in maternal blood for as long as 27 years postpartum. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93 (2): 705-8.
- Ciarleglio LJ Bennett J RL 1 Williamson, Mandell JB, JH Marks. 2003. Genetic counseling throughout the life cycle. J Clin Invest 112 (9): 1280-6.
- Lacour B Paterlini-Brechot P. 2002. Enrichment, immunomorphological, and genetic characterization of fetal cells circulating in maternal blood.
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Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP10184553A EP2345744A3 (fr) | 2005-01-18 | 2006-01-18 | Methode de detection, non invasive, prenatale, in vitro de l'etat sain normal, de l'etat de porteur sain ou de l'etat de porteur malade de la mucoviscidose |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0500512A FR2880897B1 (fr) | 2005-01-18 | 2005-01-18 | Methode de detection, non invasive, prenatale, in vitro de l'etat sain normal, de l'etat de porteur sain ou de l'etat de porteur malade de la mucoviscidose |
| PCT/FR2006/000118 WO2006077322A1 (fr) | 2005-01-18 | 2006-01-18 | Methode de detection, non invasive, prenatale, in vitro de l’etat sain normal, de l’etat de porteur sain ou de l’etat de porteur malade de la mucoviscidose |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1838877A1 true EP1838877A1 (fr) | 2007-10-03 |
Family
ID=34953465
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP06709125A Ceased EP1838877A1 (fr) | 2005-01-18 | 2006-01-18 | Methode de detection, non invasive, prenatale, in vitro de l'etat sain normal, de l'etat de porteur sain ou de l'etat de porteur malade de la mucoviscidose |
| EP10184553A Withdrawn EP2345744A3 (fr) | 2005-01-18 | 2006-01-18 | Methode de detection, non invasive, prenatale, in vitro de l'etat sain normal, de l'etat de porteur sain ou de l'etat de porteur malade de la mucoviscidose |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP10184553A Withdrawn EP2345744A3 (fr) | 2005-01-18 | 2006-01-18 | Methode de detection, non invasive, prenatale, in vitro de l'etat sain normal, de l'etat de porteur sain ou de l'etat de porteur malade de la mucoviscidose |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20090317797A1 (fr) |
| EP (2) | EP1838877A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2008526247A (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2595051A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2880897B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2006077322A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MX340916B (es) | 2008-01-18 | 2016-07-29 | President And Fellows Of Harvard College * | Metodos para detectar señales de identificacion de enfermedad o condiciones en fluidos corporales. |
| CA2793877A1 (fr) | 2010-03-22 | 2011-09-29 | Esoterix Genetic Laboratories, Llc | Mutations associees a la mucoviscidose |
| TW201209171A (en) | 2010-07-23 | 2012-03-01 | Harvard College | Methods of detecting diseases or conditions using phagocytic cells |
| US20130203624A1 (en) | 2010-07-23 | 2013-08-08 | President And Fellows Of Harvard College | Methods of Detecting Prenatal or Pregnancy-Related Diseases or Conditions |
| EP2596132A4 (fr) | 2010-07-23 | 2013-12-18 | Harvard College | Procédés de détection de signatures de maladies ou pathologies dans des liquides biologiques |
| AU2011280997A1 (en) | 2010-07-23 | 2013-02-28 | President And Fellows Of Harvard College | Methods of detecting autoimmune or immune-related diseases or conditions |
| US20130316347A1 (en) * | 2012-05-24 | 2013-11-28 | Rarecells Sas | Process for multi-analyses of rare cells extracted or isolated from biological samples through filtration |
| CN104619856A (zh) * | 2012-05-29 | 2015-05-13 | 加利福尼亚大学董事会 | 用于从流体样品中分离细胞的系统、方法及部件 |
| MX2014015434A (es) * | 2012-06-15 | 2015-07-14 | Harry Stylli | Metodos para detectar enfermedades o condiciones utilizando celulas enfermas en circulacion. |
| NZ771629A (en) | 2013-03-09 | 2022-12-23 | Harry Stylli | Methods of detecting cancer |
| WO2014164362A1 (fr) | 2013-03-09 | 2014-10-09 | Harry Stylli | Procédés de détection du cancer de la prostate |
| US10947587B2 (en) * | 2013-11-05 | 2021-03-16 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Single-cell forensic short tandem repeat typing within microfluidic droplets |
| JP2016042836A (ja) * | 2014-08-25 | 2016-04-04 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 検査通知出力装置、検査通知出力方法、検査通知出力プログラム、及び遺伝子染色体検査システム |
| US10626464B2 (en) | 2014-09-11 | 2020-04-21 | Cell Mdx, Llc | Methods of detecting prostate cancer |
| JP2018183095A (ja) * | 2017-04-26 | 2018-11-22 | 株式会社エンプラス | 胎児由来造血前駆細胞の単離方法、および胎児の染色体異常の可能性を試験する方法 |
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| US5721098A (en) * | 1986-01-16 | 1998-02-24 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Comparative genomic hybridization |
| ES2112833T3 (es) | 1988-12-06 | 1998-04-16 | Flinders Technologies Pty Ltd | Aislamiento de celulas fetales a partir de sangre materna para permitir el diagnostico prenatal. |
| US6309822B1 (en) * | 1989-06-07 | 2001-10-30 | Affymetrix, Inc. | Method for comparing copy number of nucleic acid sequences |
| US5641628A (en) * | 1989-11-13 | 1997-06-24 | Children's Medical Center Corporation | Non-invasive method for isolation and detection of fetal DNA |
| FR2657543B1 (fr) * | 1990-01-26 | 1992-12-18 | Biocom Sa | Dispositif modulaire pour le recueil, l'incubation, la filtration d'echantillons multiples. |
| US5474796A (en) * | 1991-09-04 | 1995-12-12 | Protogene Laboratories, Inc. | Method and apparatus for conducting an array of chemical reactions on a support surface |
| FR2782730B1 (fr) * | 1998-08-25 | 2002-05-17 | Biocom Sa | Procede de separation cellulaire pour l'isolation de cellules pathogeniques, notamment cancereuses rares, equipement et reactif pour la mise en oeuvre du procede et application du procede |
| US6682887B1 (en) * | 1999-04-30 | 2004-01-27 | Aclara Biosciences, Inc. | Detection using degradation of a tagged sequence |
| DE10002446A1 (de) * | 2000-01-21 | 2001-08-16 | Paul Cullen | Genchip für ein Neugeborenen Screening |
| US20020182609A1 (en) * | 2000-08-16 | 2002-12-05 | Luminex Corporation | Microsphere based oligonucleotide ligation assays, kits, and methods of use, including high-throughput genotyping |
| FR2824144B1 (fr) * | 2001-04-30 | 2004-09-17 | Metagenex S A R L | Methode de diagnostic prenatal sur cellule foetale isolee du sang maternel |
| AUPR749901A0 (en) * | 2001-09-06 | 2001-09-27 | Monash University | Method of identifying chromosomal abnormalities and prenatal diagnosis |
| WO2003031646A1 (fr) * | 2001-10-12 | 2003-04-17 | The University Of Queensland | Selection et amplification de marqueurs genetiques multiples |
| US7399590B2 (en) * | 2002-02-21 | 2008-07-15 | Asm Scientific, Inc. | Recombinase polymerase amplification |
| MXPA05005205A (es) * | 2002-11-14 | 2006-03-08 | Third Wave Tech Inc | Pruebas para deteccion de alelo ctfr. |
| US20040157220A1 (en) * | 2003-02-10 | 2004-08-12 | Purnima Kurnool | Methods and apparatus for sample tracking |
| ATE435301T1 (de) * | 2003-10-16 | 2009-07-15 | Sequenom Inc | Nicht invasiver nachweis fötaler genetischer merkmale |
-
2005
- 2005-01-18 FR FR0500512A patent/FR2880897B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2006
- 2006-01-18 EP EP06709125A patent/EP1838877A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2006-01-18 WO PCT/FR2006/000118 patent/WO2006077322A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2006-01-18 JP JP2007550818A patent/JP2008526247A/ja active Pending
- 2006-01-18 EP EP10184553A patent/EP2345744A3/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-01-18 CA CA002595051A patent/CA2595051A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2006-01-18 US US11/795,244 patent/US20090317797A1/en not_active Abandoned
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| A. H. HANDYSIDE: "Isothermal whole genome amplification from single and small numbers of cells: a new era for preimplantation genetic diagnosis of inherited disease", MOLECULAR HUMAN REPRODUCTION, vol. 10, no. 10, 1 January 2004 (2004-01-01), pages 767 - 772, XP055057148, ISSN: 1360-9947, DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gah101 * |
| ADINOLFI M: "NON- OR MINIMALLY INVASIVE PRENATAL DIAGNOSTIC TESTS ON MATERNAL BLOOD SAMPLES OR TRANSCERVICAL CELLS", PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS, CHICHESTER, SUSSEX, GB, vol. 15, no. 10, 1 October 1951 (1951-10-01), pages 889 - 896, XP009051370, ISSN: 0197-3851 * |
| BAYRAK-TOYDEMIR PINAR ET AL: "Are fetal cells in maternal plasma really there? We think they are.", JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS, vol. 48, no. 12, 2003, pages 665 - 667, ISSN: 1434-5161 * |
| BEROUD C ET AL: "Prenatal diagnosis of spinal muscular atrophy by genetic analysis of circulating fetal cells", THE LANCET, LANCET LIMITED. LONDON, GB, vol. 361, no. 9362, 22 March 2003 (2003-03-22), pages 1013 - 1014, XP004778156, ISSN: 0140-6736, DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12798-5 * |
| BISCHOFF F Z ET AL: "Intact fetal cell isolation from maternal blood: Improved isolation using a simple whole blood progenitor cell enrichment approach (RosetteSepTM).", CLINICAL GENETICS, vol. 63, no. 6, June 2003 (2003-06-01), pages 483 - 489, ISSN: 0009-9163 * |
| CHEN HAN-PING ET AL: "Comparison of three methods for the gene analysis of fetal cells from maternal peripheral blood", CHINESE MEDICAL JOURNAL (ENGLISH EDITION), vol. 117, no. 4, April 2004 (2004-04-01), pages 507 - 510, ISSN: 0366-6999 * |
| CHOOLANI MAHESH ET AL: "Characterization of first trimester fetal erythroblasts for non-invasive prenatal diagnosis.", MOLECULAR HUMAN REPRODUCTION, vol. 9, no. 4, April 2003 (2003-04-01), pages 227 - 235, ISSN: 1360-9947 * |
| COSTA J-M: "NOUVELLE APPROCHE NON INVASIVE DE DIAGNOSTIC PRENATAL: L'ANALYSE DU SANG MATERNEL//NEW NON-INVASIVE TECHNIQUE FOR PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS: ANALYSIS OF MATERNAL BLOOD", JOURNAL DE GYNECOLOGIE OBSTETRIQUE ET BIOLOGIE DE LAREPRODUCTION, MASSON, PARIS, FR, vol. 32, no. 1, SUPPL, 1 February 2003 (2003-02-01), pages 1S48/1S49, XP009024980, ISSN: 0368-2315 * |
| O'DONOGHUE K ET AL: "Identification of fetal mesenchymal stem cells in maternal blood: Implications for non-invasive prenatal diagnosis.", MOLECULAR HUMAN REPRODUCTION, vol. 9, no. 7-8, July 2003 (2003-07-01), pages 497 - 502, ISSN: 1360-9947 * |
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| W. PIYAMONGKOL: "Detailed investigation of factors influencing amplification efficiency and allele drop-out in single cell PCR: implications for preimplantation genetic diagnosis", MOLECULAR HUMAN REPRODUCTION, vol. 9, no. 7, 1 July 2003 (2003-07-01), pages 411 - 420, XP055187262, DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gag051 * |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2008526247A (ja) | 2008-07-24 |
| CA2595051A1 (fr) | 2006-07-27 |
| FR2880897A1 (fr) | 2006-07-21 |
| EP2345744A2 (fr) | 2011-07-20 |
| EP2345744A3 (fr) | 2011-11-16 |
| US20090317797A1 (en) | 2009-12-24 |
| FR2880897B1 (fr) | 2010-12-17 |
| WO2006077322A1 (fr) | 2006-07-27 |
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