EP1838339A2 - Ager-peptide und deren verwendung - Google Patents
Ager-peptide und deren verwendungInfo
- Publication number
- EP1838339A2 EP1838339A2 EP06706286A EP06706286A EP1838339A2 EP 1838339 A2 EP1838339 A2 EP 1838339A2 EP 06706286 A EP06706286 A EP 06706286A EP 06706286 A EP06706286 A EP 06706286A EP 1838339 A2 EP1838339 A2 EP 1838339A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- ager
- rme
- cdp
- antibody
- antibodies
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to the identification, functionality and use of domains from the N-terminus of the advanced glycation end product receptor (AGER or RAGE). These domains, termed Receptor Multimerization Epitope (RME), are highly conserved in all AGER protein sequences. They are the mediators of AGER self-association and heteromerization with other proteins. Likewise, the invention relates to the identification, functionality and use of peptides derived from the AGER C-domain (AGER-CDP).
- AGER-CDP AGER C-domain
- the AGER-RMEs according to the invention and AGER-CDPs are suitable as target for the identification of AGER ligands which modulate the natural ligand exchange; as an immunogen for the active or passive immunization of individuals, as diagnostic agents for the identification of immunogenic reactions and as peptide ligands for the modulation of protein-protein interactions involving AGER.
- WO-A-2004/016229 describes N-terminal AGER fragments which possess the ligand binding ability (RAGE-LBE) and proposes their use inter alia (as a fusion protein with an immunoglobulin element) for the treatment of AGER-associated diseases.
- diseases include amyloidoses, cancer, arthritis, Crohn's disease, chronic inflammatory diseases, acute inflammatory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, diabetic complications, prion-associated diseases, vascular disease, nephropathies, retinopathies and neuropathies.
- AGER-associated diseases are mentioned: Alzheimer's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, lupus, autoimmune diseases in general, sepsis, arteriosclerosis and restenosis.
- AGER fragments with a length of 118 - 344 amino acids (beginning at the first N-terminal residue of the receptor) to use. Shorter fragments are not described.
- the WO document gives a general indication of the possible therapeutic usefulness of isolated antibodies which are specifically immunoreactive with an epitope of the AGER amino acid sequence. However, neither specific epitopes are suggested nor are specific antibodies produced.
- the above object has surprisingly been achieved by isolating and characterizing specific receptor multimerization epitopes (RME) and peptides of the Ig-like C domain of AGER.
- RME receptor multimerization epitopes
- FIG. 1 shows a sequence comparison (ClustAII W alignment) of RAGE from human, mouse, rat and bovine.
- the sequence segment corresponding to NtermR31 is marked with "
- the information on the sequence match can be found in the last line of a sequence block.
- Identical amino acid positions are marked with " * ", ".”
- V-type Ig-like domain (V domain) is highlighted for the human sequence by bold underline, and the Ig-like C2 type 1 domain is for the human sequence highlighted by dotted underline, the Ig-like C2-type 2 domain is highlighted for the human sequence by bold interrupted underlining.
- FIG. 2 shows the plasmid map of the plasmid pAPtag5 / PPC / hNOGO66Nr.5 used according to the invention
- Figure 3 shows the plasmid maps of various plasmids used according to the invention: pIRES hNgR hp75 NgR (SEQ ID NO: 18) ( Figure 3a) pcDNA3 hRhoA wt (SEQ ID NO: 23) ( Figure 3b) pcDNA4 His Myc (mycHis) A hRhoA wt (SEQ ID NO: 21) ( Figure 3c) pcDNA3.1 (V5-His) hp75 # 16 (SEQ ID NO: 16) ( Figure 3d) FIG.
- FIG. 4a shows the immunological detection of expressed Rho by means of positive clones isolated according to the invention (# 1 to # 8) of the triplet transfectant HEK293 RhoA / NgR / p75 (clones 1 to 9), positive control (C) obtained by transient transfection with 100 ng pcDNA4 (mycHis) A hRhoA wt; as marker (M) was used: Benchmark Prestain Protein Ladder, Invitrogen, Order # 10748-010;
- Figure 4b shows the result of a FACS analysis on expressed cell surface receptors hNgR and hp75 of a HEK293 triplet transfectant prepared according to the invention (clone # 4 and # 8) as well as untransformed HEK293 cells (top), respectively for analyzes with anti-p75 and anti NgR antibodies.
- Figure 5 shows the result of an ELISA with which serum of immunized rabbit antibodies to the N-terminal peptide NtermR31 were detected.
- Figure 6 shows the result of an ELISA which detected the relative amount of antibody to NtermR31 in different patient plasmas.
- 1 healthy control
- 2 AP23, MCIF06.7.F
- 3 LAP30, Alzheimer's dementia, F00.0, early onset, F
- 4 LAP39, MCIF06.7, F
- 5 LAP45, MCIF06.7.M
- 6 LAP53, MCIF06.7, F
- 7 LAP60, Alzheimer's dementia, late onset, M.
- FIG. 7a shows the result of a dot blot method for characterizing the polyclonal anti-NtermR31 serum (lower half) with various peptides or sRAGE forms produced according to the invention. In the upper half are shown appropriate control approaches with preimmune serum.
- FIG. 8 shows the binding of NtermR31 and NtermR13 to sRAGE in the Alphascreen assay as a function of the peptide concentration used.
- FIG. 9 shows the binding of various control peptides to sRAGE in the alphascreen assay as a function of the peptide concentration.
- Figure 10A illustrates the competition of AP-Nogo-66 binding (0.1 nM) to the Nogo receptor (NogoR) by sRAGE (circles) and soluble His-NogoR (triangles) as a function of the respective competitor concentration;
- FIG. 10B shows the competition of AP-Nogo66 binding (0.1 nM) to the Nogo receptor by NtermR31 as a function of the respective competitor concentration.
- FIG. 11A shows microscopic images of unstimulated or AP-Nogo66-stimulated HEK293 RhoA / NgR / p75 cells. Upon stimulation with AP-Nogo66, a significant change in cell geometry through contraction is observed.
- FIG. 11B shows the concentration-dependent reduction of the percentage of contracted HEK cells at different concentrations of NtermR31 or sRAGE. The lighter, left-hand bar of a pair of bars shows the result of the experiment for the respectively assigned, unstimulated control batch (without AP-Nogo66).
- lanes 1 to 7 1: no treatment; 2: NtermR31 (0.2 ⁇ M); 3: NtermR31 (1 ⁇ M); 4: NtermR31 (5 ⁇ M); 5: sRAGE (0.2 ⁇ M); 6: sRAGE (1 ⁇ M); 7: sRAGE (5 ⁇ M)
- FIG. 12a shows immunohistological studies on thin sections of transgenic APP mouse brain using commercial anti-RAGE antibody.
- NtermR31 antiserum (biotrend) according to the invention does not stain in the young animal (10 weeks) (left picture) but with a similar pattern to commercial antiserum in the old animal (10 months) (right picture).
- Figure 13 shows the result of an ELISA with which sRAGE was detected in mouse plasma. It can be clearly seen that in 12-month-old animals (bar 1) a significantly higher plasma concentration of sRAGE can be found than in 10 weeks young animals (bar 2).
- Figure 14 shows the result of a competition experiment of the sRAGE / A ⁇ -oligomer interaction by anti-NtermR31 antibodies (circles) and anti-sRAGE antibodies (squares) (AF1145) as a function of the immunoglobulin concentration (nM) used in an HTRF assay .
- a rabbit IgG non-immune serum (triangles) was also used.
- the control approaches without sRAGE show no change in the measured fluorescence values with increasing antibody concentration.
- the addition of rabbit control serum causes no decrease in fluorescence and thus no inhibition of sRAGE-A ⁇ interaction.
- polyclonal anti-sRAGE antibodies and polyclonal anti-NtermR31 antibodies a significant inhibition of the sRAGE-A ⁇ interaction is observed.
- Figure 17 shows the effect of 500 nM Nterm31 on the I / O ratio in LTP studies in male Wistar rats.
- FIG. 18 shows the competitive inhibition of the sRAGE-A ⁇ -oligomer interaction by the AGER-CDP peptides 6 and 7 according to the invention.
- Figure 19 shows the A ⁇ oligomer binding by sRAGE (1-331) and the N-terminal truncated sRAGE (102-331), which no longer has a functional V domain.
- FIG. 20 shows the result of the characterization of two monoclonal anti-RAGE antibodies (ML37-11 H8 and ML37-6A6) according to the invention in dot blots with the complete sRAGE protein (1-331 sRAGE-HIS) (vertical row 1 in each case) and an N -terminal shortened version (102-331 -sRAGE-HIS) (each vertical row 2).
- FIG. 21 shows the competition of sRAGE-A ⁇ globulomer binding with the monoclonal anti-RAGE antibodies ML37-6A6 and ML37-11H8 in comparison with nonspecific mouse IgGI and 2a.
- a first subject of the invention relates to the use of the receptor multimerization epitope (RME) of the advanced glycation end-product receptor (AGER), comprising an auto-multimerization-competent peptide fragment of the N-terminal AGER ectodomain, or one of the non V domain AGER domain, such as in particular an Ig-like C domain (such as in particular of the Ig-like C2 domain, type 1 and / or the Ig-like C2 domain type 2) derived peptide (AGER-CDP ), or a functional, immunogenic equivalent of AGER-RME or AGER-CDP, as an immunogen for the production of a polyclonal antiserum or monoclonal antibodies to AGER-RME and AGER-CDP, respectively.
- RME receptor multimerization epitope
- AGER advanced glycation end-product receptor
- AGER-RME is used with a length of about 8 to 50 amino acid residues, which is derived from the human AGER ectodomain having an amino acid sequence according to. Genbank Ref. Seq. Sequence NM_001136 or of a functionally equivalent ectodomain, in particular of the V-type Ig-like domain (V domain).
- the AGER RME comprises the following sequence:
- the AGER RME comprises a sequence selected from
- an AGER-RME useful in accordance with the invention may also comprise a sequence of the following general formula:
- X 1 represents a hydrogen atom, or the amino acid Q or the dipeptide DQ
- X 2 is NITARIG (K / E) PL (V / M) L (N / S / K) (SEQ ID NO: 5)
- X 3 represents a sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, 3 or 4;
- X 4 stands for the peptide sequence WKLN.
- AGER-CDPs having a length of about 5 to 50 amino acid residues, which are derived from the human AGER ectodomain having an amino acid sequence according to Genbank Ref. Seq. Sequence NM__001136 or a functionally equivalent ectodomain, in particular an Ig-like C-domain, in particular the C2 domain type 1 and / or type 2 thereof (see also Figure 1).
- Suitable AGER-CDP peptides include one of the following sequences:
- TLQSELMVTPARGGDPRPTFSCSFSPGLPR SEQ ID NO: 32
- LPRHRALRTAPIQPRVWEPVPLEEVQLWE SEQ ID NO: 33
- the AGER-RME or AGER-CDP in particular with one of the abovementioned sequences, can be present as a cyclic peptide.
- Another object of the invention relates to the use of an AGER-RME or an AGER-CDP as defined above as a diagnostic marker, such as e.g. as a capture antigen, to diagnose disease or disease states where autoantibodies to the AGER-RME occur.
- a diagnostic marker such as e.g. as a capture antigen
- Another object of the invention relates to the use of an AGER-RME or AGER-CDP according to the above definition, the AGER ectodomain having an amino acid sequence according to Genbank Ref. Seq. Sequence NM_001136 and N-terminal sub-fragments thereof, as well as muteins and derivatives of these AGER molecules, or AGER-RME or AGER-CDP binding ligands for the preparation of a pharmaceutical agent for the diagnosis or therapy of AGER-mediated diseases or disease stages ,
- Diseases or stages of disease which can be treated according to the invention are those which have been treated with an AGER / AGER, AGER / ligand, AGER / receptor, AGER / receptor / ligand, AGER / receptor / co-receptor and / or AGER / receptor / counterpart Receptor interaction are associated.
- Examples of diseases associated with AGER / AGER interaction include: Alzheimer's and amyloidoses; Examples of diseases associated with AGER / ligand interaction include: Alzheimer's and HIV-associated dementia; as examples of diseases associated with an AGER / receptor interaction, may be mentioned: spinal cord injury and head trauma; Examples of diseases associated with an AGER / receptor / co-receptor and / or AGER / receptor / counter receptor interaction may include: multiple sclerosis, sepsis, arteriosclerosis.
- the diseases or disease states which can be treated and / or diagnosed according to the invention can furthermore be selected from the following groups: a) mechanical injuries to the skull and spinal cord; b) ischemic damage, such as stroke; c) chronic diseases selected from neurodegenerative, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, in particular multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, HIV-1 associated dementia; d) diabetic sequelae, such as diabetic nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy, and diabetic vasculopathy; e) tumor progression and metastasis; f) altered neurogenesis processes in psychotic disorders such as depression and schizophrenia, and chronic pain conditions caused by excessive necrosis sprouting and / or pathological synaptogenesis, such as phantom pain after amputation; g) disorders of neuronal regeneration, axonal sprouting, neurite extension and neuronal plasticity h) central / peripheral amyloid disorders; and i) arteriosclerosis.
- the AGER-RME or AGER-CDP binding ligand is an anti-AGER-RME or anti-AGER-CDP antibody.
- Another object of the invention relates to the use of AGER-RME or AGER-CDP as defined above as target for the detection or identification of AGER-binding ligands.
- Another object of the invention relates to the use of AGER-RME or AGER-CDP as defined above as an immunogen for active or passive immunization.
- the invention furthermore relates to a polyclonal anti-AGER-RME or anti-AGER-CDP antiserum obtainable by immunizing a mammal with an antigenic amount of an AGER-RME or of an AGER-CDP peptide as defined above.
- the invention furthermore relates to monoclonal anti-AGER-RME or anti-GER-CDP antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof, optionally in humanized form.
- Preferred antibodies or antisera have at least one of the following properties: a) improved specificity for an AGER-RME or an AGER-CDP as defined above, improved specificity for a neoepitope formed with the involvement of the AGER-RME or an AGER-CDP as defined above b) inhibition of AGER-RME-mediated multimerization with sRAGE or anti-AGER-RME antibody (especially seen in an alpha-screen or assay); c) specific recognition of an AGER ligand-induced, e.g. A ⁇ 1-42-induced receptor status of sRAGE; d) inducing a receptor configuration of sRAGE which involves the binding of an AGER ligand, e.g. selected from A ⁇ 1-42, A ⁇ 20-42, A ⁇ 12-42 and their globulomers, amyloid, AGE, modulated to sRAGE, e.g. promotes.
- AGER ligand e.g. selected from A ⁇ 1-42, A ⁇ 20-42, A
- the invention furthermore relates to monoclonal, bispecific antibodies, comprising a) a first antigen-binding domain derived from a monoclonal antibody as defined above, and b) a second antigen-binding domain with specificity for at least one cell surface receptor which belongs to a Interaction with AGER-RME or AGER-CDP are capable, such as AGER, NgR, or with specificity for a ligand, co- or counter-receptor for one of these receptors, or an antigen-binding fragment thereof, optionally in humanized form.
- hybrid protein comprising an AGER-RME or an AGER-CDP as defined above.
- hybrid proteins further comprise a functional portion of a protein selected from immunoglobulins and fragments thereof, e.g. an Ig-Fc fragment operably linked to, for example, the C-terminus of AGER-RME or AGER-CDP.
- the invention also relates to AGER-RME or AGER-CDP derivatives comprising AGER-RME or AGER-CDP as defined above in PEGylated form or coupled with one, for example optical, enzymatic or radioactive, markers.
- a further subject of the invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier at least one active ingredient selected from: a) AGER-RME or AGER-CDP as defined above; b) nucleic acid sequences encoding AGER-RME as defined above; c) monoclonal or polyclonal anti-AGER-RME or anti-AGER-CDP antibodies as defined above; d) bispecific antibodies as defined above, and e) hybrid proteins and derivatives as defined above.
- compositions according to the invention may additionally contain as further active ingredient an active ingredient selected from: a) neurotrophic factors, such as nerve growth factors, e.g. NGF, NT-3, BNDF; inosine; Neuroimmunophilins such as FK506, GPI1046; Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan degrading enzymes, such as chondroitinase ABC; b) antibodies to neurite outgrowth inhibitors; Nogo-A, like the antibodies IN-1, 7B12; LIKE; OMgp; and / or their receptors; like anti-NgR and anti-p75
- neurotrophic factors such as nerve growth factors, e.g. NGF, NT-3, BNDF; inosine
- Neuroimmunophilins such as FK506, GPI1046
- Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan degrading enzymes such as chondroitinase ABC
- Nogo-A like the antibodies IN-1, 7B12
- Antibody c) soluble NgR fragment; Nogo A peptide fragments, such as NEP1-40 and Nogo66, d) inhibitors of the p75-mediated signaling cascade, such as RHO A inhibitors, ROCK inhibitors, such as Y-27632, e) cAMP and functional analogs, protein kinase A, arginase I, Polyamines, ciliary neurotrophis factor.
- inhibitors of the p75-mediated signaling cascade such as RHO A inhibitors, ROCK inhibitors, such as Y-27632, e) cAMP and functional analogs, protein kinase A, arginase I, Polyamines, ciliary neurotrophis factor.
- Such pharmaceutical agents are useful, for example, in intrathecal, intravenous, subcutaneous, oral or parenteral, nasal and inhalation administration.
- the invention further provides an immunogen comprising AGER-RME or AGER-CDP as defined above in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and optionally with an adjuvant for active immunization.
- the invention also provides a method for the detection of effectors of the AGER receptor, wherein a sample in which one suspects an effector, incubated with an AGER-RME or an AGER-CDP polypeptide as defined above and the approach to the Formation of an effector AGER-RME complex or effector AGER-CDP complex.
- the invention furthermore relates to expression vectors comprising at least one coding nucleic acid sequence for a linear AGER-RME or AGER-CDP according to the above definition, operatively linked to at least one regulatory nucleic acid sequence.
- the invention also relates to recombinant microorganisms which at least carry such a vector.
- the invention also hybridoma cell lines which produce a monoclonal antibody as defined above.
- the invention further relates to processes for the production of AGER-RME or AGER-CDP as defined above or of a hybrid protein containing it, wherein a recombinant microorganism is cultivated as defined above and the produced protein product is isolated from the culture.
- the invention further relates to processes for the preparation of a monoclonal antibody as defined above, wherein culturing a hybridoma cell line as defined above and isolating the protein product produced from the culture.
- the invention further comprises functional, in particular immunogenic, equivalents of AGER-RME as defined above having a degree of homology of less than 100% to SEQ ID NO: 6.
- Functional equivalents of AGER-RME have at least one of the following properties: a. Inhibition of signal transduction in the actin-cytoskeletal rearrangement (ACR) assay; b. Competing with sRAGE for binding with an AGER ligand, e.g. A ⁇ globulomers, A ⁇ 1-42, A ⁇ 20-42, A ⁇ 12-42, amyloid, AGE; c. Auto-multimerization or multimerization with AGER-RME or s-RAGE.
- ACR actin-cytoskeletal rearrangement
- AGER-RME may furthermore have a high positive charge density core sequence of the following general formula:
- radicals Z independently of one another represent an amino acid residue with a positively charged side chain, in particular lysine and arginine; and the radicals X 1 and X 2 are independently any 1 to 5 same or comparable different amino acid, which carry no positively charged side chains.
- Another object of the invention relates to combinations of at least a Malawib and at least a second monoclonal antibodies with different antigenic specificity, wherein at least a first monoclonal antibody (or a group of 2 ödere several, such as 2, 3 or 4, the first monoclonal antibody) to a Antigen which is formed in whole or in part by a sequence region of the Ig-like V domain of AGER (or sRAGE) and at least one second monoclonal antibody (or a group of two or more, such as 2, 3 or 4, second monoclonal antibody) binds to an antigen that is wholly or partially formed by a sequence region of an AGER domain other than the Ig-like V domain (non-V domain).
- the AGER domain other than the Ig-like V domain is an Ig-like C domain (for example, comprehensively C2 type 1 and / or C2 type 2) of AGER.
- antibody combinations are described wherein at least a first monoclonal antibody and optionally at least a second monoclonal antibody are coupled with the binding of AGER or a soluble equivalent thereof with an AGER binding partner, such as e.g. an A ⁇ globulomer.
- the invention also relates to the use of such antibody combinations as medicaments.
- the invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising an antibody combination as defined above.
- the invention relates to the use of antibody combinations according to the invention for the production of a pharmaceutical agent for the treatment of diseases or disease states according to the above definition.
- receptors are, in particular, surface molecules bound to a cell membrane, which molecules are accompanied by a
- soluble, ligands can interact and as a result of this interaction, for example, a directed into the cell interior signal or a signal cascade (also referred to as signaling) can trigger.
- Co-receptors refers to membrane structural elements located in the same cell as the receptor, and the co-receptor is required to define and / or modulate the functionality of the receptor.
- Counter-receptors are membrane-bound surface molecules that are located on two different (neighboring) cells and that can come into contact with one another and thereby trigger a signal ring.
- a “ligand” refers to a natural, i.e. in vivo or artificially generated, low or high molecular weight binding partner for a "receptor”.
- the ligand is preferably freely mobile in the extracellular environment.
- RME receptor multimerization epitope
- immunogen refers to a peptide fragment according to the invention in glycosylated or non-glycosylated form which is suitable for inducing the formation of antibodies against the immunogen If appropriate, binding of the immunogen (as hapten) to a macromolecular carrier may be advantageous.
- epitope or antigenic determinant is meant the specificity of an antibody-determining region of an antigen, such as a protein, when this epitope is re-formed, for example, by external influences, such as an interaction of a protein with a ligand, in a portion of the protein or expressed on the accessible molecular surface, this is called a “neoepitope”.
- a “domain” of a protein or antibody is called a complex, formed within the protein by alpha-helical and / or beta-sheet elements. bordered structure.
- sRAGE includes V-type Ig-like domains and C2-type 1 and C2-type 2 domains, as illustrated in FIG.
- SRAGE includes a soluble form of the AGER ectodomain, such as sRAGE 1-331, as shown in SEQ ID NO: 37. Unless otherwise indicated, sRAGE denotes, in particular, sRAGE 1-331.
- the AGER "V domain” denotes an Ig-like sequence section to be found in the region of the N-terminus of the AGER molecule, as illustrated in FIG. 1 for various AGER molecules, in particular partial sequences corresponding to residues 23-115 (Ala23-VaH15). of the human sequence in FIG. 1.
- An AGER "non-V domain” can be found C-terminal to the above-mentioned V domain in the AGER molecule. Examples of such non-V domains are the Ig-like C domains, in particular C2 type 1 and type 2 domains, as illustrated in FIG. 1 for various AGER molecules.
- the invention particularly relates to receptor multimerization epitopes (RME) of the advanced glycation end-product receptor (AGER), comprising an auto-multimerization-competent peptide fragment of the N-terminal AGER ectodomain, or a functional, immunogenic equivalent of AGER-RME.
- AGER-RME preferred according to the invention are linear or cyclic peptides with a length of about 8 to 50 amino acid residues, derived from the human AGER ectodomain having an amino acid sequence according to Genbank Ref. Seq. Sequence NM_001136 or a functionally equivalent ectodomain.
- Preferred AGER RMEs can be the following sequence
- CRGAPKKPPQQLE (SEQ ID NO: 2)
- CKGAPKKPPQRLE (SEQ ID NO: 3)
- CKGAPKKPTQKLE (SEQ ID NO A)
- the invention also AGER-CDP peptides having a length of about 5 to 50 amino acid residues, which are derived from the human AGER ectodomain having an amino acid sequence according to Genbank Ref. Seq. Sequence NM_001136 or a functionally equivalent ectodomain, in particular an Ig-like OD domain thereof.
- Suitable AGER-CDP peptides include one of the following sequences:
- DGKPLVPNEKGVSVKEQTRRHPETGLFTLQ (SEQ ID NO: 31) TLQSELMVTPARGGDPRPTFSCSFSPGLPR (SEQ ID NO: 32) and LPRHRALRTAPIQPRVWEPVPLEEVQLWE (SEQ ID NO: 33).
- “Functional equivalents” or analogues of the specifically disclosed AGER-RME polypeptides in the context of the present invention are different polypeptides, such as those with a degree of homology of less than 100% to SEQ ID NO: 6 (Nterm 31) or SEQ ID NO: 3 (Nterm 13), which, however, continue to possess the desired biological activity, such as inhibition of signal transduction in the actin-cytoskeletal rearrangement (ACR) assay, competition with sRAGE for binding with an AGER ligand, auto-multimerization or Multimerization with AGER-RME or s-RAGE.
- ACR actin-cytoskeletal rearrangement
- “Functional equivalents” or analogues of the specifically disclosed AGER-CDP polypeptides are, within the scope of the present invention, different polypeptides, such as, for example, those with a degree of homology of less than 100% to SEQ ID NO: 31, 32 or 33 but which continue have the desired biological activity, such as the inhibition of sRAGE-A ⁇ 1-42 oligomer binding described in the Examples.
- AGER-RME may also have a characteristic core sequence or high positive charge density lead structure of the following general formula
- Z is independently an amino acid residue having a positively charged side chain; and the radicals X 1 and X 2 are independently any 1 to 5 identical or different amino acid, which carry no positively charged side chains.
- “functional equivalents” are understood as meaning, in particular, mutants which, in at least one of the sequence positions of the abovementioned specific sequences, have a different amino acid than the one specifically mentioned but nevertheless possess one of the biological activities mentioned herein.
- “Functional equivalents” thus include the mutants obtainable by one or more amino acid additions, substitutions, deletions, and / or inversions, wherein said changes may occur in any sequence position, as long as they result in a mutant having the property profile of the invention .
- functional equivalence also exists when the reactivity patterns between mutant and unmodified polypeptide are qualitatively consistent, i. For example, identical biological effects can only be observed with varying degrees of intensity. Examples of suitable substitutions of amino acid residues are the following:
- Salts of carboxyl groups can be prepared in a manner known per se and include inorganic salts, such as, for example, sodium, calcium, ammonium, iron and zinc salts, as well as salts with organic bases, such as, for example, amines, such as triethanolamine, arginine, lysine, piperidine, etc.
- Acid addition salts for example salts with mineral acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, and salts with organic acids, such as acetic acid and Oxalic acid are also the subject of the invention.
- “Functional derivatives” of polypeptides of the invention may also be produced at functional amino acid side groups or at their N- or C-terminal end by known techniques
- Such derivatives include, for example, aliphatic esters of carboxylic acid groups, amides of carboxylic acid groups, obtained by reaction with ammonia or with a primary or secondary amine; N-acyl derivatives of free amino groups prepared by reaction with acyl groups; or O-acyl derivatives of free hydroxy groups prepared by reaction with acyl groups.
- “Functional equivalents” include, of course, polypeptides which are accessible from other organisms, as well as naturally occurring variants. For example, it is possible to determine regions of homologous sequence regions by sequence comparison and to determine equivalent enzymes on the basis of the specific requirements of the invention.
- Fusion equivalents are also fusion proteins which comprise one of the abovementioned polypeptide sequences or functional equivalents derived therefrom and at least one further, functionally different, heterologous sequence in functional N- or C-terminal linkage (ie without substantial substantial functional impairment of the fusion protein portions
- heterologous sequences are, for example, enzymes and immunoglobulins.
- homologs to the specifically disclosed proteins which have at least 60%, preferably at least 75%, in particular at least 85%, for example 90%, 95% or 99%, homology to one of the specifically disclosed sequences, comprising "functional equivalents" calculated according to the algorithm of Pearson and Lipman, Proc. Natl Acad, Sci. (USA) 85 (8), 1988, 2444-2448
- a percentage homology of a homologous polypeptide according to the invention means in particular Percent identity of amino acid residues relative to the total length of one of the amino acid sequences specifically described herein.
- a “derived” amino acid sequence according to the invention means a sequence which has an identity of at least 80% or at least 90%, in particular 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95% with the starting sequence. , 96%, 97%, 98% and 99%.
- identity between two sequences is meant the identity of the amino acid residues over the entire length of the sequence, such as the identity obtained by comparison using the Vector NTI Suite 7.1 software from Informax (USA) using the Clustal method (Higgins DG, Sharp PM, Fast and sensitive multiple sequential alignments on a microcomputer, Comput Appl., Biosci 1989 Apr; 5 (2): 151-1) is calculated with the following parameters:
- Pairwise alignment parameter Two alignment parameter:
- Gap Separation penalty ranks 8 Gap penalty 3
- equivalents of the invention include proteins of the type described above in deglycosylated or glycosylated form and modified forms obtainable by altering the glycosylation pattern.
- Homologs of the peptides of the invention can be identified by screening combinatorial libraries of mutants such as truncation mutants.
- a variegated library of peptide variants can be generated by combinatorial mutagenesis at the nucleic acid level, such as by enzymatic ligation of a mixture of synthetic oligonucleotides.
- methods that can be used to prepare libraries of potential homologs from a degenerate oligonucleotide sequence. The chemical synthesis of a degenerate gene sequence can be carried out in a DNA synthesizer, and the synthetic gene can then be ligated into a suitable expression vector.
- degenerate gene set enables the provision of all sequences in a mixture that encode the desired set of potential protein sequences.
- Methods for the synthesis of degenerate oligonucleotides are known to those skilled in the art (eg Narang, SA (1983) Tetrahedron 39: 3; Itakura et al. (1984) Annu. Rev. Biochem. 53: 323; Itakura et al., (1984) Science 198: 1056; Ike et al. (1983) Nucleic Acids Res. 11: 477).
- the invention further provides the coding nucleic acid sequences for the above-described AGER-RME or AGER-CDP peptides, as well as nucleic acid sequences derived therefrom.
- nucleic acid sequences according to the invention can be prepared in a manner known per se by chemical synthesis from the nucleotide units, for example by fragment condensation of individual overlapping, complementary nucleic acid building blocks of the double helix.
- the chemical synthesis of oligonucleotides can be carried out, for example, in a known manner by the phosphoamidite method (Voet, Voet, 2nd edition, Wiley Press New York, pages 896-897).
- a "derived" nucleic acid sequence according to the invention means a sequence which has an identity of at least 80% or at least 90%, in particular 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, with the starting sequence. , 96%, 97%, 98% and 99%.
- Identity between two nucleic acids is understood to mean the identity of the nucleotides over the entire nucleic acid length, in particular the identity, which is determined by comparison with the aid of the Vector NTl Suite 7.1 software from Informax (USA) using the Clustal method (see above).
- the invention also nucleic acid sequences encoding one of the above peptides and their functional equivalents, which are accessible, for example, using artificial Nukleotidanaloga.
- the invention relates both to isolated nucleic acid molecules which code for peptides according to the invention or biologically active portions thereof, as well as nucleic acid fragments which can be used, for example, as hybridization probes or primers for the identification or amplification of coding nucleic acids according to the invention.
- nucleic acid molecules of the invention may also contain untranslated sequences from the 3 'and / or 5' end of the coding gene region
- nucleic acid molecule is separated from other nucleic acid molecules present in the natural source of the nucleic acid and, moreover, may be substantially free of other cellular material or culture medium when produced by recombinant techniques, or free from chemical precursors or other chemicals if it is synthesized chemically.
- a nucleic acid molecule according to the invention can be isolated by means of standard molecular biological techniques and the sequence information provided according to the invention.
- cDNA can be isolated from a suitable cDNA library by using one of the specifically disclosed complete sequences or a portion thereof as a hybridization probe and standard hybridization techniques (such as described in Sambrook, J., Fritsch, EF and Maniatis, T. Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 2nd Ed., CoId Spring Harbor Laboratory, Col. Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Col. Spring Harbor, NY, 1989).
- nucleic acid molecule comprising one of the sequences of the present invention or a portion thereof can be isolated by polymerase chain reaction, using the oligonucleotide primers prepared on the basis of this sequence.
- the thus amplified nucleic acid can be cloned into a suitable vector and characterized by DNA sequence analysis.
- the oligonucleotides of the invention may be further purified by standard synthetic methods, e.g. with an automatic DNA synthesizer.
- the invention further comprises the nucleic acid molecules complementary to the specifically described nucleotide sequences or a portion thereof.
- nucleotide sequences of the present invention enable the generation of probes and primers useful for the identification and / or cloning of homologous sequences in other cell types and organisms.
- probes or primers usually comprise a nucleotide sequence region which is under stringent conditions at least about 12, preferably at least about 25, such as about 40, 50 or 75 consecutive nucleotides of a sense strand of a nucleic acid sequence of the invention or a corresponding antisense strand hybridizes.
- nucleic acid sequences according to the invention are derived from coding sequences for the AGER-RMEs according to the invention or AGER-CDPs and differ therefrom by addition, substitution, insertion or deletion of single or multiple nucleotides, but furthermore encode peptides with the desired property profile.
- nucleic acid sequences which comprise so-called silent mutations or are altered according to the codon usage of a specific source or host organism, in comparison with a specifically mentioned sequence, as well as naturally occurring variants, such as e.g. Splice variants or allelic variants, of which Articles are also provided by conservative nucleotide substitutions (i.e., the amino acid in question is replaced by an amino acid of like charge, size, polarity, and / or solubility).
- the invention also relates to the molecules derived from sequence polymorphisms of the specifically disclosed nucleic acids. These genetic polymorphisms may exist between individuals within a population due to natural variation. These natural variations usually cause a variance of 1 to 5% in the nucleotide sequence of a gene.
- the invention also encompasses nucleic acid sequences which hybridize with or are complementary to the abovementioned coding sequences.
- These polynucleotides can be found by screening genomic or cDNA libraries and optionally multiply therefrom with suitable primers by means of PCR and then isolate, for example, with suitable probes.
- Another possibility is the transformation of suitable microorganisms with polynucleotides or vectors according to the invention, the multiplication of the microorganisms and thus of the polynucleotides and their subsequent isolation.
- polynucleotides of the invention can also be chemically synthesized.
- the ability to "hybridize” to polynucleotides is understood to be the ability of a poly or oligonucleotide to bind under stringent conditions to a nearly complementary sequence, while under these conditions, non-specific binding between noncomplementary partners is avoided 70-100%, preferably 90-100%, to be complementary.
- the property of complementary sequences to be able to specifically bind to one another is made use of, for example, in the Northern or Southern Blot technique or in primer binding in PCR or RT-PCR. Usually, oligonucleotides starting from a length of 30 base pairs are used for this purpose.
- Under stringent conditions mean, for example, in the Northern blot technique, using a 50-70 0 C 1 is preferably 60-65 0 C warm wash solution, for example, 0.1x SSC buffer with 0.1% SDS (SSO 2 O x. 3M NaCl, 0.3 M Na citrate, pH 7.0) for the elution of nonspecifically hybridized cDNA probes or oligonucleotides.
- SSC buffer with 0.1% SDS (SSO 2 O x. 3M NaCl, 0.3 M Na citrate, pH 7.0) for the elution of nonspecifically hybridized cDNA probes or oligonucleotides.
- SDS SSO 2 O x. 3M NaCl, 0.3 M Na citrate, pH 7.0
- a further aspect of the invention relates to "antisense nucleic acids.”
- This comprises a nucleotide sequence that is complementary to a coding "sense" nucleic acid
- the antisense nucleic acid may be complementary to the entire coding strand or only to a portion thereof another embodiment is the
- Non-coding region refers to the sequence segments designated as 5 'and 3' untranslated regions.
- an antisense oligonucleotide may be about 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, or 50 nucleotides in length.
- An antisense nucleic acid of the invention may be constructed by chemical synthesis and enzymatic ligation reactions by methods known in the art.
- An antisense nucleic acid can be chemically synthesized using naturally occurring nucleotides or variously modified nucleotides designed to increase the biological stability of the molecules or increase the physical stability of the duplex that exists between the antisense and sense antisense nucleic acids. Nucleic acid is formed. For example, phosphorothioate derivatives and acridine-substituted nucleotides can be used.
- modified nucleotides which can be used to produce the antisense nucleic acid include 5-fluorouracil, 5-bromouracil, 5-chlorouracil, 5-iodouracil, hypoxanthine, xanthine, 4-acetylcytosine, 5- (carboxyhydroxylmethyl) uracil, 5 Carboxymethylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine, 5-carboxymethylaminomethyluracil, dihydrouracil, beta-D-galactosylqueosine, inosine, N ⁇ -isopentenyladenine, 1-methylguanine, 1-methylinosine, 2,2-dimethylguanine, 2-methyladenine, 2-methylguanine, 3-methylcytosine, 5-methylcytosine, N6-adenine, 7-methylguanine, 5-methylaminomethyluracil, 5-methoxyaminomethyl-2-thiouracil, beta-D-mannosylqueosine, 5'-methoxycar
- the invention furthermore relates to expression constructs comprising, under the genetic control of regulatory nucleic acid sequences, a nucleic acid sequence coding for an AGER-RME according to the invention or AGER-CDP or functional equivalent or immunoglobulin; and vectors comprising at least one of these expression constructs.
- Such constructs according to the invention preferably comprise a promoter 5'-upstream of the respective coding sequence and a terminator sequence 3'-downstream and optionally further customary regulatory elements, in each case operatively linked to the coding sequence.
- "Operational linkage” is understood to mean the sequential arrangement of promoter, coding sequence, terminator and optionally further regulatory elements in such a way that each of the regulatory elements can fulfill its function in the expression of the coding sequence as intended
- Other regulatory elements include selectable markers, amplification signals, origins of replication, etc. Suitable regulatory sequences are described, for example, in Goeddel, Gene Expression Technology: Methods in Enzymology 185, Academic Press, San Diego, CA (1990) ).
- the natural regulatory sequence may still be present before the actual structural gene. By genetic modification, this natural regulation can optionally be switched off and the expression of the genes increased or decreased.
- the gene construct can also be constructed more simply, that is, no additional regulatory signals are inserted in front of the structural gene and the natural promoter with its regulation is not removed. Instead, the natural regulatory sequence is mutated so that regulation stops and gene expression is increased or decreased.
- the nucleic acid sequences may be contained in one or more copies in the gene construct.
- Examples of useful promoters are: cos, tac, trp, tet, trp-tet, lpp, lac, lpp-lac, laclq, T7, T5, T3, gal, trc , ara, SP6, lambda PR or lambda PL promoter, which are advantageously used in gram-negative bacteria; and the gram-positive promoters amy and SPO2, the yeast promoters ADC1, MFalpha, AC, P-60, CYC1, GAPDH or the plant promoters CaMV / 35S, SSU, OCS, Iib4, usp, STLS1, B33, not or the ubiquitin or phaseolin promoter.
- inducible promoters such as light- and in particular temperature-inducible promoters, such as the P r P r promoter.
- inducible promoters such as light- and in particular temperature-inducible promoters, such as the P r P r promoter.
- all natural promoters can be used with their regulatory sequences.
- synthetic promoters can also be used to advantage.
- the regulatory sequences mentioned are intended to enable targeted expression of the nucleic acid sequences and protein expression. Depending on the host organism, this may mean, for example, that the gene is only expressed or overexpressed after induction, or that it is expressed and / or overexpressed immediately.
- the regulatory sequences or factors can thereby preferably positively influence the expression and thereby increase or decrease.
- enhancement of the regulatory elements can advantageously be done at the transcriptional level by using strong transcription signals such as promoters and / or enhancers.
- an enhancement of the translation is possible by, for example, the stability of the mRNA is improved.
- an expression cassette is carried out by fusion of a suitable promoter with a suitable coding nucleotide sequence and a terminator or polyadenylation signal.
- common recombination and cloning techniques are used, as described, for example, in T. Maniatis, E.F. Fritsch and J. Sambrook, Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, ColD Spring Harbor Laboratory, ColD Spring Harbor, NY (1989) and in TJ. Silhavy, M.L. Berman and L.W. Enquist, Experiments with Gene Fusions, Colard Spring Harbor Laboratory, ColD Spring Harbor, NY (1984) and in Ausubel, F.M. et al., Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, Greene Publishing Assoc. and Wiley Interscience (1987).
- the recombinant nucleic acid construct or gene construct is advantageously inserted into a host-specific vector for expression in a suitable host organism, which enables optimal expression of the genes in the host.
- Vectors are well known to those skilled in the art and may be taken, for example, from "Cloning Vectors" (Pouwels PH et al., Eds. Elsevier, Amsterdam-New York-Oxford, 1985). the.
- Vectors other than plasmids are also to be understood as meaning all other vectors known to the person skilled in the art, such as, for example, phages, viruses such as SV40, CMV, baculovirus and adenovirus, transposons, IS elements, phasmids, cosmids, and linear or circular DNA. These vectors can be autonomously replicated in the host organism or replicated chromosomally.
- fusion expression vectors such as pGEX (Pharmacia Biotech Ine, Smith, DB and Johnson, KS (1988) Gene 67: 31-40), pMAL (New England Biolabs, Beverly, MA) and pRIT 5 (Pharmacia, Piscataway, NJ) glutathione S-transferase (GST), maltose E-binding protein or protein A is fused to the recombinant target protein.
- Non-fusion protein expression vectors such as pTrc (Amann et al., (1988) Gene 69: 301-315) and pET 11d (Studier et al., Gene Expression Technology: Methods in Enzymology 185, Academic Press, San Diego, California (1990). 60-89).
- Yeast expression vector for expression in the yeast S. cerevisiae such as pYepSed (BaI dari et al., (1987) Embo J. 6: 229-234), pMFa (Kurjan and Herskowitz (1982) Cell 30: 933-943) , pJRY88 (Schultz et al. (1987) Gene 54: 113-123) and pYES2 (Invitrogen Corporation, San Diego, CA).
- Vectors and methods for constructing vectors suitable for use in other fungi, such as filamentous fungi include those described in detail in: van den Hondel, C.A.M.J.J. & Punt, PJ. (1991) Gene transfer systems and vector development for filamentous fungi, in: Applied Molecular Genetics of Fungi, J.F. Peberdy et al., Eds., Pp. 1-28, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.
- Baculovirus vectors available for expression of proteins in cultured insect cells include the pAc series (Smith et al., (1983) Mol. Cell BioL 3: 2156-2165) and the pVL Series (Lucklow and Summers (1989) Virology 170: 31-39),
- Plant expression vectors such as those described in detail in: Becker, D., Kemper, E., Schell, J. and Masterson, R. (1992) "New plant binary vectors with selectable markers located proximal to the left Border ", Plant Mol. Biol. 20: 1195-1197; and Bevan, MW (1984) "Binary Agrobacterium vectors for plant transformation", Nucl. Acids Res. 12: 8711-8721.
- Mammalian expression vectors such as pCDM ⁇ (Seed, B. (1987) Nature 329: 840) and pMT2PC (Kaufman et al. (1987) EMBO J. 6: 187-195).
- recombinant organisms can be produced, which are transformed, for example, with at least one vector according to the invention and can be used to produce the polypeptides according to the invention.
- the above-described recombinant constructs according to the invention are introduced into a suitable host system and expressed.
- host organisms are in principle all organisms suitable, which allow expression of the nucleic acids according to the invention, their allelic variants, their functional equivalents or derivatives.
- Host organisms are understood as meaning, for example, bacteria, fungi, yeasts, plant or animal cells.
- Preferred organisms are bacteria, such as those of the genera Escherichia, such. Escherichia coli, Streptomyces, Bacillus or Pseudomonas, eukaryotic microorganisms such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus, higher eukaryotic cells from animals or plants, for example Sf9 or CHO cells.
- the selection of successfully transformed organisms can be carried out by marker genes, which are also contained in the vector or in the expression cassette.
- marker genes are antibiotic resistance genes and enzymes that catalyze a colorant reaction that causes staining of the transformed cell. These can then be selected by means of automatic cell sorting.
- Successfully transformed with a vector microorganisms that have a corresponding antibiotic Resistance gene (eg G418 or hygromycin) wear can be selected by appropriate antibiotics-containing media or nutrient media. Marker proteins presented on the cell surface can be used for selection by affinity chromatography.
- the gene product may also be expressed in transgenic organisms such as transgenic animals, especially mice, sheep or transgenic plants.
- the invention furthermore relates to processes for the recombinant production of AGER-RME or AGER-CDP peptides according to the invention or functional, biologically active fragments thereof, in which a peptide-producing recombinant host organism is cultivated, where appropriate the expression of the polypeptides is induced and these are isolated from the culture ,
- the peptides can thus also be produced on an industrial scale, if desired.
- the recombinant host can be cultured and fermented by known methods. Bacteria can be propagated, for example, in TB or LB medium and at a temperature of 20 to 40 0 C and a pH of 6 to 9. Specifically, suitable culturing conditions are described, for example, in T. Maniatis, EF Fritsch and J. Sambrook, Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, ColD Spring Harbor Laboratory, ColD Spring Harbor, NY (1989).
- the cells are then disrupted if the polypeptides are not secreted into the culture medium and the product recovered from the lysate by known protein isolation techniques.
- the cells may optionally be treated by high frequency ultrasound, high pressure, e.g. in a French pressure cell, by osmolysis, by the action of detergents, lytic enzymes or organic solvents, by homogenizers or by combining several of the listed methods.
- Purification of the peptides can be achieved by known chromatographic methods, such as molecular sieve chromatography (gel filtration), such as Q-sepharose chromatography, ion exchange chromatography and hydrophobic chromatography, as well as by other conventional methods, such as ultrafiltration, crystallization, salting out, dialysis and native gel electrophoresis. Suitable methods are described, for example, in Cooper, FG, Biochemische Harvey
- vector systems or oligonucleotides for the isolation of the recombinant peptide, which extend the cDNA by certain nucleotide sequences and thus code for altered polypeptides or fusion proteins, for example, serve a simpler purification.
- suitable modifications include, for example, so-called “tags” as anchors, such as the modification known as hexa-histidine anchor, or epitopes which can be recognized as antigens of antibodies (described, for example, in Harlow, E. and Lane, D. 1988, Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual, CoId Spring Harbor (NY) Press).
- These anchors may be used to attach the peptides to a solid support, such as a polymer matrix, which may be filled, for example, in a chromatography column, or used on a microtiter plate or other support.
- these anchors can also be used to detect the peptides.
- conventional markers such as fluorescent dyes, enzyme markers which upon reaction with a substrate form a detectable reaction product or radioactive labels alone or in combination with the anchors may be used to derive the peptides to identify the peptides.
- the present invention relates to monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies which specifically bind to an inventive AGER-RME or AGER-CDP or derivative / equivalent thereof, i. Antibody with specificity for an inventive
- AGER-RME or derivative / equivalent thereof The present invention also relates to parts of these antibodies, in particular antigen-binding parts thereof, i.
- Antibody fragments which bind an AGER-RME according to the invention or AGER-CDP or a derivative / equivalent thereof.
- AGER-RME or AGER-CDP is also understood as meaning precursors such as AGER or sRAGE or other AGER splice variants in different conformational states, which transiently or permanently, for example, by interaction of these molecules with a corresponding binding partner be induced.
- the antibody according to the invention is selected such that it has a specific binding kinetics (eg high affinity, low dissociation, low off-rate, strong neutralizing activity) for specific binding to AGER-RME according to the invention or AGER-CDP or derivative / equivalent thereof.
- a specific binding kinetics eg high affinity, low dissociation, low off-rate, strong neutralizing activity
- the antibodies of the invention may be selected to bind the AGER-RME or AGER-CDP or derivative / equivalent thereof at a k or rate constant of 0.1 s -1 or less.
- the antibodies are preferably isolated antibodies. In another aspect, the antibodies are neutralizing antibodies.
- the antibodies according to the invention include, in particular, monoclonal and recombinant antibodies.
- the antibody of the invention may comprise an amino acid sequence derived entirely from a single species, e.g. a human antibody or a mouse antibody. According to further embodiments, the antibody may be a chimeric antibody or a CDR graft antibody or another form of humanized antibody.
- antibody is intended to refer to immunoglobulin molecules formed of 4 polypeptide chains, two heavy (H) chains, and two light (L) chains, which chains are usually linked by disulfide bonds composed of a variable region of the heavy chain (abbreviated here as HCVR or VH) and a heavy chain constant region
- the heavy chain constant region is formed of three domains CH1, CH2 and CH3
- Each light chain is composed of a variable The light chain region (herein abbreviated as LCVR or VL) and a light chain constant region
- the light chain constant region is formed from a domain CL
- the VH and VL regions can be further subdivided into hypervariable regions referred to as Complementarity Determining Regions (CDR) and more conserved regions identified as scaffolds regions (FR for Frame Work Region) are interspersed.
- CDR Complementarity Determining Regions
- FR for Frame Work Region are interspersed.
- Each VH and VL region is made up of three CDRs and four FR
- antibody portion refers to one or more fragments of an antibody having specificity for AGER-RME or AGER-CDP or derivative / equivalent thereof according to the invention, wherein the fragment or fragments still have the ability to specifically bind the AGER-RME or AGER-CDP or derivative / equivalent thereof. It has been shown that the antigen-binding function of an antibody can be detected by fragments of a complete antibody.
- binding fragments within the meaning of the term "antigen-binding portion" of an antibody include (i) a Fab fragment, ie a monovalent fragment composed of the VL, VH, CL and CH1 domains, (ii) an F (ab ') 2 fragment, ie a bivalent fragment which contains two Fab fragments linked together in the hinge region via a disulfide bridge, (iii) an Fd fragment composed of the VH and CH 1 domains (iv) an Fv fragment composed of the VL and VH domains of a single arm of an antibody; (v) a dAb fragment (Ward et al., (1989) Nature 341: 544-546) , which consists of a VH domain or VH, CH1, CH2, DH3, or VH, CH2, CH3, and (vi) an isolated complementarity-determining region (CDR).
- a Fab fragment ie a monovalent fragment composed of the VL, VH, CL and CH1 domains
- the two domains of the Fv fragment, VL and VH may further be treated with a synthetic linker using recombinant techniques whereby they can be prepared as a single protein chain, wherein the VL and VH regions combine to form monovalent molecules (known as single-chain Fv (ScFv); see, eg, Bird et al. (1988) Science 242: 423-426; and Husson et al. (1988) Proc. Natl. Acad. Be. USA 85: 5879-5883).
- Single chain Fv Single chain antibodies are also to be understood by the term "antigen-binding portion" of an antibody
- Other forms of single-chain antibodies such as “diabodies” are also included.
- Diabodies are bivalent bispecific antibodies in which VH and VL domains are expressed on a single polypeptide chain, however, using a linker that is too short for the two domains to co-assemble on the same chain, thereby forming the domains forces to pair with complementary domains of another chain and form two antigen-binding sites (see, eg, Holliger, P., et al., (1993) Proc Natl Acad., USA 90: 6444-6448, Poljak, RJ, et al. (1994) Structure 2: 1121-1123).
- an antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof may be part of a larger immunoadhesive molecule formed by covalent or non-covalent association of the antibody or antibody portion with one or more other proteins or peptides.
- immunoadhesion molecules include the use of the streptavidin core region to produce a more tetrameric scFv molecule (Kipriyanov, SM, et al., (1995) Human Antibodies and Hybridomas 6: 93-101) and the use of a cysteine residue, a marker peptide and a C -terminal PoIy- histidine tags to make bivalent and biotinylated scFv molecules (Kipriyanov, SM, et al. (1994) Mol. Immunol. 31: 1047-1058).
- Antibody parts such as Fab and F (ab ') 2 fragments, can be made from whole antibodies using conventional techniques, such as digestion with papain or pepsin.
- antibodies, antibody moieties, and immunoadhesion molecules can be obtained using standard recombinant DNA techniques.
- An "isolated antibody having specificity for an AGER-RME or AGER-CDP or derivative / equivalent thereof of the present invention" describes an antibody having specificity for an AGER-RME or AGER-CDP or derivative / equivalent thereof of the present invention substantially free of other antibodies with different antigen specificities.
- neutralizing antibody describes an antibody whose binding to a particular antigen results in the inhibition of the biological activity of the antigen.This inhibition of the biological activity of the antigen can be assessed by measuring one or more indicators of the biological activity of the antigen, using a suitable in vitro or in vivo assay.
- the term "monoclonal antibody” describes an antibody derived from a hybridoma (eg, an antibody secreted by a hybridoma prepared by hybridoma technology, such as the standard Köhler-Milstein hybridoma methodology.) An antibody derived from a hybridoma with specificity for an inventive AGER-RME or AGER-CDP or derivative / equivalent thereof is therefore referred to as monoclonal antibody.
- recombinant antibody describes antibodies produced, expressed, generated or isolated by recombinant means, such as antibodies expressed using a recombinant expression vector transfected into a host cell; antibodies isolated from a recombinant combinatorial antibody library; Antibodies isolated from an animal (eg, a mouse) transgenic by human immunoglobulin genes (see, e.g., Taylor, LD, et al., (1992) Nucl. Acids Res. 20: 6287- 6295) or antibodies produced, expressed, generated or isolated in any other manner in which certain immunoglobulin gene sequences (such as human immunoglobulin gene sequences) are assembled with other DNA sequences chimeric, CDR graft and humanized antibodies.
- human antibody describes antibodies whose variable and constant regions are human germline immunoglobulin sequences as described, for example, by Kabat et al., (See Kabat, et al., (1991) Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, Fifth Edition, US Department of Health and Human Services, NIH Publication No.
- human antibodies of the invention may include amino acid residues that are not encoded by human germline immunoglobulin sequences (e.g., mutations caused by random or site-specific Mutagenesis in vitro or by somatic mutation in vivo), for example in the CDRs, and especially in CDR3 Recombinant human antibodies of the invention have variable regions and may also include constant regions derived from human germ line immunoglobulin sequences (see Kabat, EA , et al. (1991) Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, Fifth Edition, US Department of Health and Human Services, NIH Publication No. 91-3242).
- such recombinant human antibodies are subjected to in vitro mutagenesis (or if an animal is transgenic through human Ig sequences, in vivo somatic mutagenesis) such that the amino acid sequences of the VH and VL regions are recombinant Antibodies are sequences which, although related to or derived from human germline VH and VL sequences, do not naturally exist in vivo within the human antibody germ line repertoire. In certain embodiments, such recombinant antibodies are the result of selective mutagenesis or reverse mutation, or both.
- reverse mutation refers to a process in which some or all of the somatic mutated amino acids of a human antibody are replaced with the corresponding germline residues of a homologous germline antibody sequence.
- the heavy and light chain sequences of a human antibody of the invention are separately compared to the germline sequences in the VBASE database to identify the most homologous sequences. Deviations in the human antibody of the invention are attributed to the germline sequence by mutating at defined nucleotide positions encoding such aberrant amino acids.
- the direct or indirect significance of each amino acid for antigen binding thus identified as a candidate for reverse mutation should be examined, and an amino acid which, upon mutation, interferes with a desirable property of the human antibody should not be included in the final human antibody.
- those amino acid positions may remain unchanged which deviate from the closest germ line sequence but with the corresponding amino acid sequence.
- identical to a second germline sequence provided that the second germline sequence is identical and co-linear with the sequence of the human antibody according to the invention at least in 10 and preferably in 12 amino acids on both sides of the amino acid in question.
- Reverse mutations can be made at any stage of antibody optimization.
- chimeric antibody includes antibodies in which individual parts of the molecule are derived from different species, such as, but not limited to, chimeric antibodies, for example, antibodies that contain sequences for the heavy and light chain variable region from one species but in which the sequences of one or more of the CDR regions of VH and / or VL are replaced with CDR sequences of another species
- the murine heavy and light chain variable regions may comprise one or more of mouse CDRs (eg CDR3) are replaced by human CDR sequences.
- humanized antibody describes antibodies containing heavy and light chain variable region sequences from a non-human species (e.g., mouse, rat, rabbit, chicken, camelid, goat) but in which at least a portion of the VH protein is and / or VL sequence has been altered to be "more human-like", i. H. to be more similar to human germ line variable sequences.
- a non-human species e.g., mouse, rat, rabbit, chicken, camelid, goat
- VH protein e.g., rat, rabbit, chicken, camelid, goat
- surface plasmon resonance refers to an optical phenomenon that can be used to analyze biospecific interactions by detecting changes in protein concentrations with a biosensor matrix using, for example, the BIAcore system (Pharmacia Biosensor AB, Uppsala, Sweden and Piscataway For further descriptions, see Jönsson, U., et al. ( * 993) Ann. Biol. Clin. 51: 19-26; Jönsson, U., et al. (1991) Biotechniques 11: 620-627 Johnsson, B., et al., (1995) J. Mol. Recognit., 8: 125-131; and Johnnson, B., et al. (1991) Anal. Biochem. 198: 268-277.
- K off describes the off-rate constant for the dissociation of an antibody from the antibody / antigen complex.
- K d describes the dissociation constant of a particular antibody-antigen interaction.
- the binding affinity of the antibodies of the invention can be assessed using standardized in vitro immunoassays, such as ELISA or BIAcore analyzes.
- the present invention relates to polylonal anti-AG ER-RM E or anti-AGER-CDP antibodies and their preparation
- a host is immunized with at least one AGER-RME according to the invention or AGER-CDP or derivative / equivalent thereof; and an antibody-containing serum of the host formed in response to the immunization gains.
- AGER-RMEs or AGER-CDPs to be used are not or only weakly immunogenic, their immunogenicity can be increased by adding them to carriers, preferably a carrier protein, such as keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), Limulus polyphenus hemocyanin (LPH).
- KLH keyhole limpet hemocyanin
- LPH Limulus polyphenus hemocyanin
- Bovine serum albumin BSA
- ovalbumin OVA
- BSA Bovine serum albumin
- OVA ovalbumin
- This reaction may conveniently be carried out at ambient temperature, usually room temperature, but it may also be convenient to cool or slightly heat it within a few hours to the desired result, a reaction time of for example 2 h is übl
- the glutaraldehyde concentration is generally in the ppm to% range, suitably from 10 ppm to 1%, preferably from 100 ppm to 0.5%. Optimization of the reaction parameters is within the skill of the art.
- compositions generally contain further excipients, in particular adjuvants commonly used for immunization, eg Freund's adjuvant.
- adjuvants commonly used for immunization
- complete Freund's adjuvant is used for the first immunization whereas all further immunizations are performed with incomplete Freund's adjuvant.
- the antigen preferably as the above-described component Mixture, added to the or the excipients.
- the antigen is emulsified.
- Rodents or even rabbits are particularly suitable as hosts. These or other suitable hosts are injected with the immunization cocktails, preferably subcutaneously.
- Antibody titers can be determined by an immunoassay, for example, competitive with a sheep anti-host IgG and labeled AGER-RME or AGER-CDP.
- AGER-RME labeled by the immunization
- AGER-CDP AGER-CDP
- the hosts blood for several weeks or months. Finally, you can bleed the host. From the blood thus obtained, serum can be obtained in a manner known per se which contains the desired antibodies. The whole serum thus obtained may, if necessary, be further purified in an expert manner in order to enrich the antibody fraction contained therein, and in particular the antibodies recognizing AGER-RME or AGER-CDP.
- At least one antibody of the serum which specifically recognizes the AGER-RME AGER-CDP used as immunogen or a derivative / equivalent thereof is selected.
- Specificity in this context means a higher binding affinity of the antibody for the immunogen than for other, in particular immunogenically related, proteins, such as APP (amyloid precursor protein).
- Immunoglobulins which can be used according to the invention are obtainable by use of methods known per se.
- hybridoma technology allows the production of monospecific antibodies to an antigen of interest.
- recombinant antibody techniques have been developed, such as the in vitro screening of antibody libraries, with the help of which also such specific antibodies can be produced.
- This in vivo approach may further include that of the lymphocytes or spleen cells of an animal establishes a series of hybridomas and selects a hybridoma which secretes an antibody specifically binding the antigen.
- the animal to be immunized may be, for example, a mouse, rat, rabbit, chicken, camelid or sheep or a transgenic version of one of the aforementioned animals, for example a transgenic mouse with human immunoglobulin genes following an antigenic stimulus makes human antibodies.
- mice with severe combined immunodeficiency that have been reconstituted with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (chimeric hu-PBMC-SCID mice) or with lymphoid cells or progenitors thereof
- SCID severe combined immunodeficiency
- mice treated with lethal whole body irradiation they are subsequently protected against radiation with bone marrow cells from a mouse with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) and subsequently transplanted with functional human lymphocytes (the so-called Trimera system).
- Another type of animal to be immunized is an animal (eg, a mouse) in the genome of which an endogenous gene encoding the antigen of interest has been knocked out, eg, by homologous recombination, such that this animal is immunized with
- an animal eg, a mouse
- an endogenous gene encoding the antigen of interest has been knocked out, eg, by homologous recombination, such that this animal is immunized with
- a recombinant antibody library is screened with the antigen.
- the recombinant antibody library may be expressed on the surface of bacteriophages or on the surface of yeast cells or on the surface of bacterial cells.
- the recombinant antibody library may be, for example, an scFv library or a Fab library.
- antibody libraries are expressible as RNA-protein fusions.
- the antigen can be allowed to act on the antibody repertoire by immunizing an animal with the antigen in vivo, and then recombinant antibody library or single domain antibody library (eg, heavy and / or light chain) prepared from lymphoid cells of the animal Antigen screent in vitro.
- the antigen is allowed to act on the antibody repertoire by immunizing an animal with the antigen in vivo and then affinity maturing a recombinant antibody library or single domain library prepared from lymphoid cells of the animal.
- Another approach is to leave the antigen on the Antibody repertoire by immunizing an animal with the antigen in vivo, then selected individual antibody-producing cells that secrete an antibody of interest, and from these selected cells cDNAs for the heavy and light chain variable region wins (eg by PCR ) and the heavy and light chain variable regions are expressed in vitro in mammalian host cells (referred to as the lymphocyte antibody selection method, or SLAM for "Selected Lymphocyte Antibody Method"), thereby further selecting and manipulating the selected antibody gene sequences
- monoclonal antibodies can be selected by expression cloning by expressing antibody genes for the heavy and light chains in mammalian cells and selecting those mammalian cells which secrete an antibody with the desired binding affinity.
- the present invention provides defined antigens in the form of AGER-RMEs or AGER-CDPs for screening and counter-screening.
- those polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies can be selected which have a property profile desired according to the invention as defined above, such as e.g. specifically recognize AGER-induced receptor status.
- antibodies different types can be produced. These include, but are not limited to, human antibodies, chimeric antibodies, humanized antibodies and CDR graft antibodies, and antigen-binding portions thereof.
- monoclonal antibodies can be isolated by standard techniques such as those originally described by Köhler and Milstein (1975, Nature 256: 495-497) (see also Brown et al. (1981) J. Immolol 127 Brown et al., (1980) J Biol Chem 255: 4980-83; Yen et al. (1976) PNAS 76: 2927-31; and Yeh et al. (1982) Int J. Cancer 29: 269 -75) described hybridoma technique can be produced.
- An immortalized cell line (typically a myeloma) is fused thereto with lymphocytes (typically splenocytes or lymph node cells or peripheral blood lymphocytes) of a mammal immunized with the inventive AGER-RME or AGER-CDP or derivative / equivalent thereof, and the culture supernatants of the resulting hybridoma cells screened to identify a hybridoma producing a monoclonal antibody with specificity for AGER-RME or AGER-CDP of the invention or for a derivative / equivalent thereof.
- lymphocytes typically splenocytes or lymph node cells or peripheral blood lymphocytes
- the immortalized cell lines eg, a myeloma cell line
- murine hybridomas can be established by fusing lymphocytes from a mouse immunized with an immunogenic preparation of the invention to an immortalized mouse cell line.
- Preferred immortalized cell lines are mouse myeloma cell lines which are sensitive to hypoxanthine, aminopterin and thymidine-containing culture medium (HAT medium).
- HAT medium thymidine-containing culture medium
- One of many myeloma cell lines can be used as standard by fusion, eg the P3-NS1 / 1-Ag4-1, P3-x63-Ag8.653 or Sp2 / O-Ag14 myeloma line. These myeloma cell lines are available from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), Rockville, MD.
- ATCC American Type Culture Collection
- HAT-sensitive mouse myeloma cells are fused to mouse splenocytes using polyethylene glycol (PEG).
- hybridoma cells resulting from the fusion are then selected using HAT medium, thereby killing unfused and non-productively fused myeloma cells (unfused splenocytes die after several days because they are not transformed).
- Monoclonal antibody-producing hybridoma cells specifically recognizing an AGER-RME or AGER-CDP or a derivative / equivalent thereof according to the invention are identified by screening the hybridoma culture supernatants for such antibodies, eg by using a standard ELISA assay to amplify those antibodies which can specifically bind AGER-RME or AGER-CDP of the invention or a derivative / equivalent thereof.
- mice made deficient for a particular endogenous protein by homologous recombination on the corresponding endogenous gene ie, knockout mice
- mice made deficient for a particular endogenous protein by homologous recombination on the corresponding endogenous gene ie, knockout mice
- mice made deficient for a particular endogenous protein by homologous recombination on the corresponding endogenous gene ie, knockout mice
- non-human mammals are useful as hosts for antibody production. These include mice, rats, chickens, camelids, rabbits and goats (and knockout versions thereof), although mice are preferred for hybridoma production.
- non-human host animal expressing a human antibody repertoire.
- Such non-human animals include transgenic animals (e.g., mice) carrying human immunoglobulin transgenes (chimeric hu-PBMC-SCID mice) and human / mouse irradiation chimeras, described in more detail below.
- the animal immunized with an AGER-RME according to the invention or AGER-CDP or derivative / equivalent thereof is a non-human mammal, preferably a mouse transgenic by human immunoglobulin genes, such that the non-human mammal is after a human antigenic stimulus makes human antigens.
- such animals are introduced into human and human immunoglobulin heavy and light chain transgenes with the animals being engineered so that their endogenous heavy and light chain loci are inactive. Stimulating such animals with antigen (eg, with a human antigen) produces antibodies derived from the human immunoglobulin sequences (ie, human antibodies).
- human monoclonal antibodies can be made by standard hybridoma technology.
- transgenic mice with human immunoglobulins see, for example, U.S. Patent Nos. 5,939,598, WO 96/33735, WO 96/34096, WO 98/24893 and WO 99/53049 (Abgenix Inc.), and U.S. Patent No. 5,545,806, No. 5,569,825, No. 5,625,126, No. 5,633, 425, No. 5,661,016, No. 5,770,429, No. 5,814,318, No.
- the animal immunized with AGER-RME or AGER-CDP of the invention or a derivative / equivalent thereof may be a mouse with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells or lymphoid cells or precursors thereof was reconstituted.
- SCID severe combined immunodeficiency
- Such mice termed chimeric hu-PBMC-SCID mice, have been shown to produce human immunoglobulin responses to an antigenic stimulus.
- chimeric hu-PBMC-SCID mice have been shown to produce human immunoglobulin responses to an antigenic stimulus.
- leaders K.A. et al. (1992) Immunology 76: 229-234; Bombil, F. et al. (1996) Immunobiol. 195: 360-375: Murphy, WJ. et al.
- the animal immunized with AGER-RME or AGER-CDP or a derivative / equivalent thereof according to the invention is a whole-body lethal radiation treatment mouse followed by bone marrow cells from severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice Radiation-protected, and then transplanted with functional human lymphocytes.
- SCID severe combined immunodeficiency
- This type of chimera called the Trimera system, is used to make human monoclonal antibodies by immunizing the mice with the antigen of interest and then producing monoclonal antibodies using standard hybridoma technology.
- Eren, R. et al. 1998 Immunology 93: 154-161; Reisner, Y and Dagan, S.
- antibodies according to the invention can be identified and isolated by screening recombinant combinatorial immunoglobulin library with an AGER-RME according to the invention or AGER-CDP or derivative / equivalent thereof, thus members of the immunoglobulin library which are specific bind to the AGER-RME or AGER-CDP or derivative / equivalent thereof.
- Kits for generating and screening display banks are commercially available (eg, Pharmacia's Recombinant Phage Antibody System, Catalog No. 27-9400-01, and Stratagene's SurfZAP® Phage Display Kit, Cat 240612).
- the display bank is an scFv bank or a fab bank.
- WO 97/29131 (describes the production of a recombinant human antibody against a human antigen (human tumor necrosis factor alpha), as well as in vitro affinity maturation of the recombinant antibody) and Salfeld et al.
- U.S. Provisional Application No. 60 / 126,603 and the patent applications based thereon also describes the production of recombinant human antibodies to human antigen (human interleukin-12), as well as the in vitro affinity maturation of the recombinant antibody).
- recombinant antibody libraries can be expressed on the surface of yeast cells or bacterial cells. Methods for preparing and screening banks that are expressed on the surface of yeast cells are described in WO 99/36569. Methods for preparing and screening libraries that are expressed on the surface of bacterial cells are described in more detail in WO 98/49286.
- the DNAs encoding the antibody light and heavy chains are isolated by standard molecular biology techniques, for example, by PCR amplification of DNA from the display package (eg, the phage). that was isolated during the screening of the bank.
- Nucleotide sequences of genes for light and heavy antibody chains, with which PCR primers can be prepared, are known in the art. Many such sequences are described, for example, in Kabat, E.A., et al. (1991) Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, Fifth Edition, U.S. Pat. Department of Health and Human Services, NIH Publication No. 91-3242 and the database of sequences of human germ line VBASE.
- An antibody or antibody part of the invention can be produced by recombinantly expressing the genes for immunoglobulin light and heavy chains in a host cell.
- a host cell is transfected with one or more recombinant expression vectors carrying DNA fragments encoding the antibody light and heavy immunoglobulin chains such that the light and heavy chains are expressed in the host cell, and preferably in the host cell Medium in which the host cells are cultured, secreted. From this medium, the antibodies can be obtained. Standardized recombinant DNA methodology is used to obtain genes for heavy and light antibody chains, to insert these genes into recombinant expression vectors, and to introduce the vectors into host cells.
- a VL or VH-encoding DNA fragment is operatively linked to another DNA fragment encoding another protein, eg, a constant antibody region or a flexible linker.
- the term "operatively linked” is intended here to mean that the two DNA fragments are linked together so that the amino acid sequences encoded by the two DNA fragments remain in-frame.
- the isolated DNA encoding the VH region can be converted into a full-length heavy chain gene by amplifying the VH region-encoding DNA with another DNA heavy chain constant region (CH 1, CH 2 and CH 3). Molecule operatively linked.
- the sequences of human heavy chain constant region genes are well known (see, eg, Kabat, EA, et al., (1991) Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, Fifth Edition, US Department of Health and Human Services, NIH Publication No. 91- 3242), and DNA fragments spanning these regions can be obtained by standard PCR amplification.
- the heavy chain constant region may be a constant region of IgGI, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA, IgE, IgM or IgD, with a constant region of IgGI or IgG4 being preferred.
- the VH-encoding DNA can be operatively linked to another, only the constant region CH1 heavy chain coding DNA molecule.
- the isolated DNA encoding the VL region can be converted into a full-length light chain gene (as well as a Fab-free chain gene) by mixing the VL-encoding DNA with another, the light-chain constant region CL Chain-coding DNA molecule operatively linked.
- the sequences of human light chain constant region genes are well known (see Kabat, EA, et al., (1991) Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, Fifth Edition, US Department of Health and Human Services, NIH Publication No. 91 -3242), and DNA fragments spanning these regions can be obtained by standard PCR amplification.
- the constant region of the light chain may be a constant kappa or lambda region, with a constant kappa region being preferred.
- the VH and VL-encoding DNA fragments can be operatively linked to another fragment that encodes a flexible linker, eg, the amino acid sequence (Gly 4 -Ser) 3 , such that the VH and VL sequences as a continuous single-chain protein with the VL and VH regions linked together via the flexible linker (see Bird et al., (1988) Science 242: 423-426; Huston et al. (1988) Proc. Natl. Acad U.S.A. 85: 5879-5883; McCafferty et al., Nature (1990) 348: 552-554).
- a flexible linker eg, the amino acid sequence (Gly 4 -Ser) 3
- VH and VL single domains with specificity for AGER-RME according to the invention or AGER-CDP or a derivative / equivalent thereof can be isolated from the single-domain libraries by the methods described above.
- Two VH single domain chains (with or without CH 1) or two VL chains or a pair of VH and VL chains of the desired specificity may be used to prepare AGER-RMEs or AGER-CDPs or derivatives of the invention. Bind equivalents thereof.
- the DNAs encoding the partial and full length light and heavy chains may be inserted into expression vectors such that the genes are operably linked to transcriptional and translational control sequences.
- operably linked is intended to mean that an antibody gene is ligated in a vector such that transcriptional and translational control sequences within the vector fulfill their intended function of regulating the transcription and translation of the antibody gene.
- the expression vector and expression control sequences are chosen to be compatible with the host cell used for expression.
- the gene for the antibody light chain and the antibody heavy chain gene can be inserted into separate vectors, or both genes are inserted into the same expression vector, which is the usual case.
- the antibody genes are inserted into the expression vector by standard methods (eg, ligation of complementary restriction sites on the antibody gene fragment and vector, or blunt-ended ligation if no restriction sites are present).
- the expression vector may already carry constant antibody region sequences.
- one approach is to convert the VH and VL sequences into full-length antibody genes by inserting them into expression vectors that already encode the heavy or light chain constant regions, such that the VH segment is linked to the one or more CH segment (s) within the vector is operatively linked, and also the VL segment is operatively linked to the CL segment within the vector.
- the recombinant expression vector may encode a signal peptide that facilitates secretion of the antibody chain from the host cell.
- the gene for the antibody chain can be cloned into the vector, leaving the signal peptide in reading frame is linked to the N-terminus of the antibody chain gene.
- the signal peptide may be an immunoglobulin signal peptide or a heterologous signal peptide (ie, a signal peptide from a non-immunoglobulin protein).
- the expression vectors of the invention may have regulatory sequences which control the expression of the genes for the antibody chain in a host cell.
- regulatory sequence is intended to include promoters, enhancers and other expression control elements (eg, polyadenylation signals) which control transcription or translation of the antibody chain genes
- promoters e.g., promoters, enhancers and other expression control elements
- enhancers e.g, polyadenylation signals
- polyadenylation signals e.g., polyadenylation signals
- Preferred regulatory sequences for expression in mammalian host cells include viral elements that result in strong protein expression in mammalian cells, such as promoters and / or enhancers derived from cytomegalovirus (CMV) (such as the CMV promoter / enhancer), simian virus 40 (SV40 ) (such as the SV40 promoter / enhancer), adeno virus (eg the adenovirus major late promoter (AdMLP for Adenovirus Major Late Promoter) and polyoma.
- CMV cytomegalovirus
- SV40 simian virus 40
- AdMLP adenovirus major late promoter
- the recombinant expression vectors of the invention may have additional sequences, such as sequences that regulate replication of the vector in host cells (e.g., origins of replication) and selectable marker genes.
- the selectable marker genes facilitate the selection of host cells into which the vector has been introduced (see, e.g., U.S. Patent Nos. 4,399,216, 4,634,665 and 5,179,017, all to Axel et al.).
- Preferred selectable marker genes include the gene for dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) (for use in dhff host cells with methotrexate selection / amplification) and the neo gene (for G418 selection).
- DHFR dihydrofolate reductase
- neo gene for G418 selection.
- the expression vector (s) encoding the heavy and light chains are transfected into a host cell using standard techniques.
- the various forms of the term "transfection” are intended to cover a variety of techniques commonly used in the art Introduction of exogenous DNA into a prokaryotic or eukaryotic host cell, eg, electroporation, calcium phosphate precipitation, DEAE-dextran transfection, and the like.
- the antibodies of the invention While it is theoretically possible to express the antibodies of the invention in either prokaryotic or eukaryotic host cells, expression of the antibodies is preferred in eukaryotic cells, and particularly in mammalian host cells, since the likelihood that a correctly folded and immunologically active antibody will be assembled and secreted in such eukaryotic cells and in particular mammalian cells is higher than in prokaryotic cells. Prokaryotic expression of antibody genes has been reported to be ineffective for the production of high yields of active antibody (Boss, MA and Wood, CR (1985) Immunology Today 6: 12-13).
- Mammalian host cells which are preferred for the expression of recombinant antibodies of the invention include CHO cells (including dhfr ' - CHO cells described in Urlaub and Chasin, (1980) Proc Natl Acad., USA 77: 4216-4220 Biol. 159: 601-621), NSO myeloma cells, COS cells and SP2 cells, and are used with a DHFR selectable marker as described, for example, in RJ Kaufman and PA Sharp (1982) Mol.
- the antibodies are prepared by culturing the host cells until the antibody is expressed in the host cells or, preferably, the antibody is secreted into the culture medium in which the host cells grow ,
- the antibodies can be recovered from the culture medium using standardized methods for the purification of proteins.
- Host cells may also be used to produce portions of intact antibodies, such as Fab fragments or scFv molecules. Variations of the procedure described above are of course part of the invention. For example, it may be desirable to transfect a host cell with DNA encoding either the light chain or the heavy chain (but not both) of an antibody of the invention. If light or heavy chains are present which are not required for the binding of the antigen of interest, the DNA encoding either or both of such a light or heavy chain may be partially or completely removed by recombinant DNA technology. Molecules that are expressed by such shortened DNA molecules also belong to the antibodies according to the invention.
- bifunctional antibodies can be prepared in which one heavy and one light chain are an antibody of the invention and the other heavy and light chain specificity for other than the one of interest Have antigen by cross-linking an antibody according to the invention with a second antibody by means of standardized chemical methods.
- a recombinant expression vector encoding both the heavy antibody chain and the light antibody chain is introduced into dhff-CHO cells by calcium phosphate-mediated transfection.
- the heavy and light antibody chain genes are each operatively linked to CMV enhancer / AdMLP promoter regulatory elements to effect strong transcription of the genes.
- the recombinant expression vector also carries a DHFR gene with which CHO cells transfected with the vector can be selected by using methotrexate selection / amplification. The selected transformed host cells are cultured so that the heavy and light antibody chains are expressed, and intact antibody is recovered from the culture medium.
- the invention relates to a process for the synthesis of a recombinant antibody according to the invention by culturing a host cell according to the invention in a suitable culture medium until a recombinant antibody according to the invention is synthesized.
- the method may further include isolating the recombinant antibody from the culture medium.
- the recombinant antibody library is expressed in the form of RNA-protein fusions as described in WO 98/31700 by Szostak and Roberts, and in Roberts, RW and Szostak, JW (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Be. USA 94: 12297-12302.
- a covalent fusion is generated by in vitro translation of synthetic mRNAs carrying at their 3 'end puromycin, a peptidyl acceptor antibiotic, between an mRNA and the peptide or protein that it encodes.
- a specific mRNA from a complex mixture of mRNAs can be determined by the properties of the encoded peptide or protein (eg the antibody or a part thereof) such as the binding of the antibody or part thereof to AGER-RME according to the invention AGER-CDP or a derivative / equivalent thereof.
- Antibody or parts thereof encoding nucleic acid sequences resulting from the screening of such Benches can be expressed by recombinant means in the manner described above (eg, in mammalian host cells) and, in addition, undergo further affinity maturation by either screening mRNA-peptide fusions in further rounds, adding to the originally selected (n ) Sequence (s) introducing mutations or by using other methods of in vitro affinity maturation of recombinant antibodies in the manner described above.
- the antibodies according to the invention can also be prepared by using a combination of in vivo and in vitro approaches, such as methods in which first AGER-RME according to the invention or AGER-CDP or a derivative / equivalent thereof to an antibody Repertoire in vivo in a host animal to stimulate the production of AGER-RME or AGER-CDP or derivative / equivalent binding antibodies, and then the further antibody selection and / or antibody maturation (ie optimization) using one or more internal In vitro techniques is accomplished.
- in vivo and in vitro approaches such as methods in which first AGER-RME according to the invention or AGER-CDP or a derivative / equivalent thereof to an antibody Repertoire in vivo in a host animal to stimulate the production of AGER-RME or AGER-CDP or derivative / equivalent binding antibodies, and then the further antibody selection and / or antibody maturation (ie optimization) using one or more internal In vitro techniques is accomplished.
- such a combined method may involve first obtaining a non-human animal (eg, a mouse, rat, rabbit, chicken, camelid, goat or a transgenic version thereof or a chimeric mouse) with the AGER-RME or AGER of the invention CDP or derivative / equivalent thereof to stimulate an antibody response to the antigen, and subsequently using immunoglobulin sequences from lymphocytes stimulated in vivo by the action of the AGER-RME or AGER-CDP or derivative / equivalent a phage display antibody library and screent.
- the first step of this combined approach may be performed in the manner described above in the context of the in vivo approaches, while the second step of this approach may be performed in the manner described above in connection with the in vitro approaches.
- Preferred methods for hyperimmunization of non-human animals followed by in vitro screening of phage display banks prepared from the stimulated lymphocytes include those described by BioSite Inc., see, e.g. WO 98/47343, WO 91/17271, US Pat. No. 5,427,908 and US Pat. No. 5,580,717.
- a combined method involves first obtaining a non-human animal (eg, a mouse, rat, rabbit, chicken, camelid, goat, or a knockout and / or transgenic version thereof, or a chimeric mouse) with a subject of the invention AGER-RME or AGER-CDP or derivative vat / equivalent thereof to stimulate an antibody response against the AGER-RME or AGER-CDP or derivative / equivalent thereof, and the lymphocytes producing the antibodies with the desired specificity selected (eg from the immunized animals ) Hybridomas screent.
- a non-human animal eg, a mouse, rat, rabbit, chicken, camelid, goat, or a knockout and / or transgenic version thereof, or a chimeric mouse
- the genes for the antibodies or single domain antibodies are isolated from the selected clones (by standard cloning methods, such as the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction) and subjected to in vitro affinity maturation, thereby improving the binding properties of the selected antibody or antibodies.
- the first step of this approach may be accomplished in the manner described above in connection with the in vivo approaches, while the second step of this approach may be accomplished in the manner described above in connection with the in vitro approaches, in particular using in vitro affinity maturation methods such as those described in WO 97/29131 and WO 00/56772.
- the recombinant antibodies are generated from single isolated lymphocytes using a procedure known to those skilled in the art as lymphocyte antibody selection (SLAM) methods and described in US Pat. Nos. 5,627,052, WO 92/02551 and Babcock, JS et al. (1996) Proc. Natl. Acad. Be. USA 93: 7843-7848.
- SLAM lymphocyte antibody selection
- a non-human animal eg, a mouse, rat, rabbit, chicken, camelid, goat, or a transgenic version thereof, or a chimeric mouse
- AGER-RME or AGER-CDP e.g, a mouse, rat, rabbit, chicken, camelid, goat, or a transgenic version thereof, or a chimeric mouse
- AGER-RME or AGER-CDP e.g, a mouse, rat, rabbit, chicken, camelid, goat, or a transgenic version thereof, or a chimeric mouse
- the AGER-RME or AGER-CDP or the derivative / equivalent thereof, or structurally related molecules of interest can be coupled to sheep erythrocytes, using a linker such as biotin, whereby individual cells secreting antibodies with appropriate specificity, using the hemolytic plaque assay.
- a linker such as biotin
- cDNAs for the light and heavy chain variable regions are recovered from the cells by reverse transcriptase PCR, and these variable regions can then be ligated in conjunction with appropriate immunoglobulin constant regions (eg, human constant regions ) in mammalian host cells such as COS or CHO cells.
- the host cells transfected with the amplified immunoglobulin sequences derived from in vivo selected lymphocytes can then be subjected to further in vitro analysis and selection by, for example, administering the transfected cells to isolate cells expressing antibodies with the desired specificity.
- the amplified immunoglobulin sequences can be further manipulated in vitro.
- the present invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions which contain as active ingredient a protein according to the invention (AGER-RME or AGER-CDP, AGER-RME or AGER-CDP-binding ligands, such as anti-AGER-RME or anti-AGER-CDP).
- Pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention may further comprise at least one additional therapeutic agent, e.g. B. one or more additional therapeutic agents for the treatment of any of the diseases described herein.
- Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include all solvents, dispersion media, coatings, antimicrobial agents, isotonizing and absorption delaying agents, and the like, as long as they are physiologically compatible.
- Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include, for example, water, saline, phosphate-buffered saline, lactose, dextrose, sucrose, sorbitol, mannitol, starches, acacia, calcium phosphate, alginates, tragacanth, gelatin, calcium silicate, microcrystalline cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, cellulose, water, Syrup and methylcellulose.
- the formulations may include pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or conventional adjuvants such as lubricants, for example, tallow, magnesium stearate and mineral oil; Wetting agents; emulsifying and suspending agents; preservatives such as methyl and propyl hydroxybenzoates; antioxidants; Antiirritatives; Chelating agent; coating aids; Emulsion stabilizers film former; gelling agents; Odor masking agents; masking flavors; resins; Hydrocolloids; Solvents; Solubilizing agents; Neutralizing agents; permeation; pigments; quaternary ammonium compounds; Refatting and superfatting agents; Ointment, cream or oil bases; Silicone derivatives; spreading aids; stabilizers; Sterilanzien; suppository bases; Tablet excipients such as binders, fillers, lubricants, disintegrants or coatings; Propellant; Desiccant; Opacifiers; Thickener; waxes; plasticizers; Include white oils.
- the pharmaceutical compositions may be suitable for parenteral administration, for example.
- the active ingredient such as the antibody
- the injectable solutions may be formulated in liquid or lyophilized form in a flint glass or vial, ampoule or filled syringe as a dosage form.
- the buffer may contain L-histidine (1-50 mM, preferably 5-10 mM) and have a pH of 5.0-7.0, preferably 6.0.
- Other suitable buffers include, but are not limited to, sodium succinate, sodium citrate, sodium phosphate or potassium phosphate buffer.
- Sodium chloride may be used to adjust the tonicity of the solution to a concentration of 0-300 mM (preferably 150 mM for a liquid dosage form).
- Cryoprotectants may be included for a lyophilized dosage form, e.g. Sucrose (e.g., 0-10%, preferably 0.5-1.0% (w / w)).
- Other suitable cryoprotectants include trehalose and lactose.
- Fillers may be included for a lyophilized dosage form, e.g. Mannitol (e.g., 1-10%, preferably 2-4% (w / w)).
- Stabilizers can be used in both liquid and lyophilized dosage forms, e.g.
- L-methionine e.g., 51-50mM, preferably 5-10mM.
- suitable fillers include glycine and arginine.
- surfactants may be used, for example polysorbate-80 (e.g., 0-0.05%, preferably 0.005-0.01% (w / w)).
- surfactants include polysorbate-20 and BRIJ surfactants.
- compositions of the invention can take a variety of forms. These include liquid, semi-solid and solid dosage forms such as liquid solutions (eg, injectable and infusible solutions, lotions, eye and ear drops), liposomes, dispersions or suspensions, and solid forms such as powders, powders, granules, tablets, lozenges Sachets, cachets, dragees, capsules such as hard and soft gelatin capsules, suppositories or vaginal drug forms, semi-solid dosage forms such as ointments, creams, hydrogels, pastes or patches. Implanted delivery devices may also be used to deliver drugs of the invention. The preferred form depends on the intended administration. tion and therapeutic use.
- compositions in the form of injectable or infusible solutions are preferred.
- a suitable route of administration is parenteral (eg, intravenous, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, intramuscular).
- the drug is administered by intravenous infusion or injection.
- the drug is administered by intramuscular or subcutaneous injection.
- compositions typically must be sterile and stable under the conditions of manufacture and storage.
- the compositions may be formulated as a solution, microemulsion, dispersion, liposomal or other ordered structure suitable for high drug concentrations.
- Sterile injectable solutions can be prepared by incorporating the active compound (such as the antibody) in the required amount into a suitable solvent, optionally with one or a combination of the above ingredients as needed, and then sterile filtering.
- Dispersions are typically prepared by incorporating the active compound in a sterile vehicle containing a base dispersion medium and optionally other ingredients needed.
- a sterile lyophilized powder for the preparation of sterile injectable solutions vacuum drying and spray drying are preferred methods of preparation by which a powder of the active ingredient and optionally other desired ingredients is obtained from a previously sterile-filtered solution.
- the proper flowability of a solution can be maintained by, for example, using a coating such as lecithin, maintaining the required particle size in the case of dispersions, or using surfactants.
- Prolonged absorption of injectable compositions can be achieved by incorporating an agent which retards absorption, e.g., monostearate salts and gelatin, into the composition.
- the active compounds of the invention can be administered by a variety of methods known to those skilled in the art, although for many therapeutic applications, subcutaneous injection, intravenous injection or infusion is the preferred mode of administration. The person skilled in the art knows that the route and / or mode of administration depends on the desired result.
- the active compound may be formulated with a carrier that protects the compound against rapid release, such as a controlled release formulation, including implants, transdermal patches, and microencapsulated delivery systems.
- a controlled release formulation including implants, transdermal patches, and microencapsulated delivery systems.
- Biodegradable biocompatible polymers can be used, such as ethylene vinyl acetate, polyanhydrides, polyglycolic acid, collagen, polyurea thoester and polylactic acid.
- the methods for preparing such formulations are well known to those skilled in the art, see, for example, Sustained and Controlled Release Drug Delivery Systems, JR Robinson, ed., Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1978.
- an active ingredient of the invention may be administered orally, for example in an inert diluent or an assimilable edible carrier.
- the active substance (and, if desired, further ingredients) can also be enclosed in a hard or soft gelatin capsule, pressed into tablets or added directly to the food.
- the active ingredients may be mixed with excipients and used in the form of swallowable tablets, buccal tablets, capsules, elixirs, suspensions, syrups and the like. If an active ingredient according to the invention is to be administered by a route other than the parenteral route, it may be necessary to choose a coating of a material which prevents its inactivation.
- the active compounds of the invention may be administered together with one or more additional therapeutic agents useful in the treatment of the diseases described above.
- compositions of the present invention will generally contain a therapeutically effective amount or a prophylactically effective amount of at least one active ingredient of the invention.
- dosage plans can be selected and adjusted. For example, one can administer a single dose, several separate doses over time or administer an increasing or decreasing dosage depending on the requirements of the therapeutic situation. It is particularly advantageous to formulate parenteral compositions in unit dosage form to facilitate administration and to ensure uniformity of dosage.
- the attending physician can readily determine the most appropriate dosage form, route of administration and dosage for the particular therapy and drug.
- a therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount of an active ingredient according to the invention may for example be in the range of 0.1-20 mg / kg and preferably 1-10 mg / kg, without being limited thereto. Of course, these amounts may vary depending on the nature and severity of the condition to be alleviated. 6.2 vaccine
- the AGER-RME or AGER-CDP and derivatives / equivalents thereof of the invention are useful as immunogens for vaccinating a patient to be treated.
- Vaccines useful for this purpose are generally a pharmaceutical composition containing at least one AGER-RME and / or AGER-CDP according to the invention and / or at least one derivative of the invention / equivalent thereof. Furthermore, the composition may contain a physiologically acceptable carrier and optionally other excipients, for example immunostimulants.
- the vaccines according to the invention can be formulated in particular in a form suitable for parenteral, for example intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous administration.
- the carrier preferably contains water, saline, alcohol, a fat, a wax and / or a buffer.
- an adjuvant may be included.
- Most adjuvants contain a substance intended to protect the antigen from rapid degradation, such as aluminum hydroxide or a mineral oil, as well as a protein derived from lipid A, Bortadella pertussis or Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
- Suitable adjuvants are usually commercially available, for example complete or incomplete Freund's adjuvant; AS-2; Aluminum salts such as aluminum hydroxide (optionally gel) or aluminum phosphate; Calcium, iron or zinc salts; an insoluble suspension of acylated tyrosine; acylated sugars; cationically or anionically derivatized polysaccharides; polyphosphazenes; biodegradable microspheres; Monophosphoryl lipid A. Cytokines such as GM-CSF or interleukin-2, -7 or -12 may also be used as adjuvants.
- AGER-associated diseases are, in particular, those associated with an AGER / AGER, AGER / Liga ⁇ d, AGER / receptor, AGER / receptor / ligand, AGER / receptor / co-receptor and / or AGER / receptor / counter-receptor interaction are associated.
- Ager-associated diseases can also be characterized by an increased expression or other formation of AGER or AGER ligands.
- AGER-associated diseases are, in particular, the following diseases mentioned in WO 2004/016229 and / or described in the literature:
- Alzheimer's (Weldon DT et al .: Geriatrics 1997 Sep; 52 Suppl 2: S13-6; Yan SD et al: Biochim Biophys Acta. 2000 JuI 26; 1502 (1): 145-57), rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis (Drinda S et al Rheumatol Int 2004 Mar 26), Bowel Disease (Foell D et al: Good, 2003 Jun; 52 (6): 847-53), Multiple Sclerosis (Yan SS et al: Nat Med.
- Therapeutic approaches according to the invention are based on the modulating action of at least one of the abovementioned therapeutic agents on an interaction of the type associated with the disease to be treated: AGER / AGER, AGER / ligand, AGER / receptor, AGER / receptor / ligand, AGER / receptor / Co-receptor or AGER / receptor / counter receptor.
- the therapeutic effect to be observed in the therapy carried out according to the invention can be based on an agonistic, partially agonistic, antagonistic or inverse agonistic effect on at least one of these interactions.
- the therapeutic effect can be based on: a) the induction, partial inhibition or complete disruption of a signaling pathway; and / or b) the formation of more easily eliminated by the body or physiologically / pathophysiologically ineffective Kompex Modellen.
- Particularly suitable diagnostic agents according to the invention are AGER-RME and AGER-CDP and derivatives / equivalents as defined above, as well as anti-AGER-RME and anti.AGER-CDP antibodies.
- the present invention therefore makes it possible in particular to improve the qualitative or quantitative determination of disease states defined above by detecting disease-typical antigens or antibodies.
- the determination is preferably carried out by immunological methods. In principle, this can be done with any analytical or diagnostic test method in which antibodies are used. These include agglutination and precipitation techniques, immunoassays, immunohistochemical methods and immunoblot techniques, e.g. Western blotting or dot blotting. Also in vivo methods include, for example, imaging methods.
- immunoassays Suitable are both competitive immunoassays, ie antigen and labeled antigen (tracer) compete for antibody binding, as well as sandwich immunoassays, ie the binding of specific antibodies to the antigen is detected with a second, mostly labeled antibody.
- sandwich immunoassays ie the binding of specific antibodies to the antigen is detected with a second, mostly labeled antibody.
- assays can be both homogeneous, ie, without solid and liquid phase separation, as well as heterogeneous, ie, bound labels are separated from unbound, for example, via solid phase-bound antibodies.
- the different heterogeneous and homogeneous immunoassay formats can be assigned to specific classes depending on the labeling and measuring method, for example RIAs (radioimmunoassays), ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay), FIA (fluorescence immunoassay), LIA (luminescence immunoassay), TRFIA (time-resolved FIA), IMAC (immune activation), EMIT (enzyme-multiplied immune test), TIA (turbo-dimensional immunoassay), I-PCR (immuno-PCR).
- RIAs radioimmunoassays
- ELISA enzyme linked immunosorbent assay
- FIA fluorescence immunoassay
- LIA luminescence immunoassay
- TRFIA time-resolved FIA
- IMAC immunoactivation
- EMIT enzyme-multiplied immune test
- TIA turbo-dimensional immunoassay
- I-PCR immuno-PCR
- enzymes have proven to be advantageous.
- systems based on peroxidases in particular horseradish peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase and ⁇ -D-galactosidase can be used.
- specific substrates are available, the reaction of which is e.g. can be followed photometrically.
- Suitable substrate systems are based on p-nitrophenyl phosphate (p-NPP), 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate / nitroblue tetrazolium (BCIP / NPT), fast-red / naphthol AS-TS phosphate for alkaline phosphatase; 2,2-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), o-phenylenediamine (OPT), 3,3 ', 5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), o-dianisidine, 5-aminosalicylic acid , 3-dimethylaminobenzoic acid (DMAB) and 3-methyl-2-benzothiazoline hydrazone (MBTH) for peroxidases; o-Nitrophenyl- ⁇ -D-galactoside (o-NPG), p-nitrophenyl- ⁇ -D-galactoside and 4-methylumbelliphenyl- ⁇
- labels to peptides or antibodies for the production of tracers can be carried out in a manner known per se.
- a number of labels suitably modified for conjugation to proteins are available, for example, biotin, avidin, extravidin or streptavidin-conjugated enzymes, maleimide-activated enzymes and the like. These labels can be reacted directly with the molecule to be used according to the invention.
- the antigen-antibody complex may be separated, for example, by an anti-idiotypic antibody coupled to the carrier, e.g. an antibody directed against rabbit IgG to be bound to the carrier.
- an anti-idiotypic antibody coupled to the carrier, e.g. an antibody directed against rabbit IgG to be bound to the carrier.
- Carriers in particular microtiter plates coated with appropriate antibodies, are known and commercially available.
- kits usually includes several containers for separate arrangement of components. All components may be provided in ready-to-use dilution, as a dilution concentrate or as a dry substance or lyophilizate to dissolve or suspend; any or all of the components may be frozen or stored at ambient temperature until use. Sera are preferably snap frozen, for example at -2O 0 C, so that in these cases an immunoassay prior to use is preferably to be maintained at freezing temperatures.
- Other components included in the immunoassay may be: standard protein, tracer; Control serum, microtiter plates, preferably coated with antibody, buffer, for example for testing, washing or reaction of the substrate, and the enzyme substrate itself.
- the invention also provides methods for the detection of effectors of the AGER receptor, wherein a sample in which one suspects an effector, incubated with an AGER-RME or AGER-CDP polypeptide and the approach to the formation of an effector AGER -RME or -AGER-CDP complex.
- Such effectors may have an agonistic, partially agonistic, antagonistic or inverse agonistic effect. This may be e.g. synthetic low molecular weight suppression, synthetic peptides, natural or synthetic antibody molecules or natural products.
- Such methods according to the invention are generally carried out as screening methods which can read from a variety of different substances those which appear to be most promising for future use.
- combinatorial chemistry can be used to create extensive material libraries comprising a large number of potential active substances.
- the screening of combinatorial substance libraries for substances with desired activity can be automated. Screening robots are used for the efficient evaluation of the individual assays preferably arranged on microtiter plates.
- the present invention also relates to screening methods, ie both primary and secondary screening methods, in which preferably at least one of the methods described below is used. If several methods are used, this can be done with a time offset or simultaneously on one and the same sample or on different samples of a substance to be investigated.
- Kits and components for carrying out this assay can be obtained commercially, for example from Amersham Pharmacia Biotech.
- solubilized or membrane-bound receptors are immobilized on scintillant-containing small fluoromicrospheres. If, for example, a radioligand binds to the immobilized receptors, then the scintillation substance is excited to emit light, since the spatial proximity between scintillant substance and radioligand is given.
- Kits and components for carrying out this assay may be obtained commercially, for example from NEN Life Science Products. This principle is also based on microtiter plates (96 or 384) coated with scintillant substance.
- the cells were incubated in RPMI-glutamax medium supplemented with 5% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS), HEPES (10 mM), penicillin (100 U / ml), streptomycin (100 mM) and either neomycin (HEK293-RhoA) or Neomycin in combination with Zeocin (HEK293-RhoA / NgR / p75).
- FBS heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum
- HEPES 10 mM
- penicillin 100 U / ml
- streptomycin 100 mM
- neomycin HEK293-RhoA
- Neomycin HEK293-RhoA / NgR / p75
- ACR assay with immunofluorescence measurement 1 x 10 4 cells were inoculated in 96-well microtiter plates two days before stimulation. The cells were stimulated with a suitable reagent (eg LPA or AP-Nogo-66) in culture medium (RPMI-glutamax) containing 5% FCS. After a 5-10 minute pacing period, activation was disrupted with cold PBS. The cells were fixed with 3-4% paraformaldehyde solution, permeabilized with PBS containing 0.2% Triton X-100 and incubated with phalloidin Alexa 568 or 488 for 30-45 minutes. In addition, a 5 minute incubation with DAPI for nuclear staining was performed. The cells were visualized using an epifluorescence microscope (Axiovert 25). Fluorescence micrographs were taken with a cooled CCD camera from Zeiss.
- the HEK293 cells were washed with PBS.
- Adherent cells were detached with PBS containing 5 mM EDTA.
- 2 ⁇ 10 6 cells were transferred to an Eppendorf tube and centrifuged for 2 minutes at 1300 rpm.
- the cells were resuspended in PBS containing 1% BSA (1 ml / vial) and centrifuged for 2 minutes at 1300 rpm.
- the pellets were resuspended with 0.1 ml PBS / 1% BSA including primary antibody (mouse anti-human p75 1: 100, or goat anti-human NogoR 1:50) and incubated at 4 ° C for 90 minutes. Then 0.1 ml of PBS / 1% BSA was added, mixed and centrifuged for 2 minutes at 1300 rpm. The pellets were incubated in PBS containing 1% BSA (0.1 ml / vial) and secondary antibodies (anti-mouse FITC 1: 100 or anti-goat FITC 1: 100); resuspended and incubated at 4 ° C for 60 minutes.
- primary antibody mouse anti-human p75 1: 100, or goat anti-human NogoR 1:50
- Mez 402 GCCACCATO4GGATATACAAGGGTGTGATCC (SEQ ID NO: 9); Oligo from amino acid R1055 (italics) with start ATG (underlined) and Kozak sequence (bold)
- Mez 404 CTTCAGAGAATCAACTAAATCATC (SEQ ID NO: 10); Oligo to amino acid K1120 (bold)
- cDNA was used as template in frontal cortex with these two oligos (prepared with Superscript first Strand synthesis system for RT-PCR, Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) (Novak et al. 183-189) performed a PCR.
- the reaction was carried out by standard method, as described by Innis et al. (PCR Protocols, A Guide to Methods and Applications, Academic Press (1990)) with Herculase (Stratagene, La JoIIa, USA).
- the obtained DNA fragment with a size of 207 bp was purified with the QIAEX II Gel Extraction Kit (QIAGEN GmbH, Hilden, Germany) according to the manufacturer's instructions.
- the amplified, purified fragment was placed in pcDNA3.1V5-His TOPO (pcDNA3.1 / V5-His TOPO TA Expression Kit, # K4800-01).
- E. coli TOP10 cells (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, Calif.) Were purified with the resulting construct pcDNA3.1V5-His hNOGO66 by standard methods as described in Sambrook et al. (Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual, CoId Spring Harbor, (1989)), transformed. Selection for plasmid-carrying cells was achieved by the antibiotic ampicillin.
- the Nogo66 coding sequence was excised with XbaI from the above plasmid pcDNA3.1V5-His hNOGO66 and cloned into the plasmid pAP-tag5 (GenHunter Cooperation, Ten, TN 1 USA) via XbaI.
- the plasmid pAPtag5 / PPC / hNOGO66 no. 5 is obtained. (SEQ ID NO: 11) shown in Figure 2.
- HEK293 cells were cultured in growth medium (DMEM with 10% fetal bovine serum with the addition of penicillin / streptomycin) at 37 ° C and 5% CO 2 .
- growth medium DMEM with 10% fetal bovine serum with the addition of penicillin / streptomycin
- the cells were seeded in plates with 6 wells (1x10 6 per well) and incubated overnight.
- the cells were transfected with a cocktail containing 1 .mu.g of plasmid DNA (pAP-tag5 / PPC / hNOGO66 no.5) and 3 .mu.l Fugene ⁇ (ROCHE Diagnostics, Mannheim) according to the manufacturer.
- a HEK293 clone (clone # 5) producing AP-Nogo66 was propagated in culture medium (RPMI Glutamax + 10% FCS, 150 ⁇ g / ml Zeocin, Antibiotic / Antimycotic) by repeated passage (approximately 20) in culture flasks.
- the AP-Nogo66 expression was checked after every second or third passage in the Dot Blot Test (with NBT / BCIP reagent).
- the cells were first cultured to near confluency in triple flasks, then changed to expression medium (Pro293a-CDM medium (Biowhittaker, # 12-764Q), 2 mM glutamine, antibiotic / antimycotic).
- the cells were cultured for 3 to 4 days at 37 ° C, the supernatants were removed and centrifuged (1500 rpm, 5 min). The supernatants were collected at -80 0C. For further processing, they were thawed, added with proteinase inhibitors (PMSF 0.1 mM, Pefabloc SC 1 mM) and concentrated in Amicon Tubes (Millipore) and the AP-Nogo66 concentration was determined (about 3 ⁇ g / ml) (Mw of monomeric AP: 67 kDa and monomeric AP Nogo66 about 75 kDa in SDS gels).
- proteinase inhibitors PMSF 0.1 mM, Pefabloc SC 1 mM
- the AP-Nogo66 pool was immunoprecipitated with anti-AP agarose. The precipitate was denatured by heating at 95 ° C. for 10 minutes in the presence of 5% mercaptoethanol and thus removed from the agarose beads, finally verified by West analysis using antibodies specific for AP and Nogo66.
- Gel chromatography (Superose 12, Amersham Biosciences, eluent: 20 mM sodium phosphate, 140 mM sodium chloride, pH 7.4) determined that AP-Nogo66 is a dimer and has an Mw of about 140 kDa. In preliminary experiments it was found that AP-Nogo66, but not GST-Nogo66, was functionally active. It is therefore thought that NgR ligands may have to exist as dimers in order to be functional. As shown by the crystal structure of the alkaline phosphatase, dimerization is induced by the AP tag (experiments not shown).
- Mey 36 GCC / ACCATGGGGGCAGGTGCCACC (SEQ ID NO: 13); Oligo with start codon (bold) with Kozak sequence (italics) Mey 35: TCACACTGGGGATGTGGCAG (SEQ ID NO: 12); Oligo with stop codon (bold) a base exchange T instead of C (underlined) since the oligo is derived from the published rat sequence
- PCR analogous to Nogo 66 cloning, Example 1 with the primer pair Mey 35/71 in cDNA from the cell line SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cell line ATCC # CRL-2266) was performed. PCR with Mey35 / 71 provided a 1348 bp fragment. This was cleaned.
- Neomycin start 2596 stop: 3390
- Plasmid pcDNA3.1 hp75 prepared as described above was treated with Spe I and Not I (Roche Diagnostics) using a restriction assay (40 ⁇ l, 1.5 h at 37 ° C.) containing 5 ⁇ g DNA, 2 ⁇ l Spe I, 2 ⁇ l Not I, 4 ⁇ l 10x buffer H (Roche), 32 ⁇ l bidistilled water.
- the excised fragment was recovered from a DNA gel in a conventional manner using the Qiagen Gel Extraction Kit.
- restriction fragments thus prepared were ligated using the following approach overnight at 16 0 C: 5 ul hp75 construct 2 ul overall cut pIRES, 1, 5 ul of T4 DNA ligase (Roche) 3 ul 10x buffer T4 ( Roche), 20.5 ⁇ l of water redist.
- This ligation called pIRES hp75, was then transformed into the bacterial strain SuperComp XL2 Blue (Stratagene).
- pcDNA hNgR CDS1 commercially purchased from RZPD (German Resource Center for Genome Research GmbH, clone No .: IRAL-p962L1427Q2) containing the coding sequence for human Nogo receptor (hNgR), was amplified using a restriction assay 13 ⁇ l, 1 h at 37 0 C) containing 5 ug DNA, 1, 5 ul Hind IM (Roche), 1, 5 ul 10x buffer B (Roche) and 10 ul of water redist. digested (blunt end). The excised fragment was recovered from a DNA gel in a conventional manner using the Qiagen Gel Extraction Kit.
- the purified pcDNA h NgR HindIII fragment was then digested with EcoRI using a restriction assay (15 ⁇ l, 1 h at 37 ° C.) containing 10 ⁇ l eluate (from Qiagen Hit clean-up), 1.5 ⁇ l EcoR I (Roche ), 1, 5 .mu.l 10x buffer H (Roche) and 2.0 .mu.l of water redistilled, digested and recovered by restriction using the Qiagen Gel Extraction Kit from a DNA gel.
- pIRES hp75 was (prepared as above) (ul 27, 1, 5 h at 37 0 C) with EcoR I and Hind Hl using a restriction mixture containing 5 ug DNA, 1, 5 ul of EcoR I, 1, 5 .mu.l Hind III , 4 ⁇ l 10x buffer H (Roche) and 20 ⁇ l bidistilled water. open.
- the desired hP75 fragment was restriction restricted using the Qiagen Gel Extraction Kit from a DNA gel, and with the hNgR construct prepared above using a ligation batch containing 5 ⁇ NgR construct, 2 ⁇ l of cut pIRES hp75, 1.5 ⁇ l of T4 DNA Ligase (Roche), 3 ⁇ l 10x buffer T4 (Roche) and 20.5 ⁇ l bidistilled water. 16 0 C ligated overnight.
- the resulting construct pIRES hNgR hp75 ( Figure 3a, SEQ ID NO: 18) was then transformed into the bacterial strain SuperComp XL2 Blue (Stratagene).
- Plasmid pOTB7 RhoA (commercially purchased from RZPD, German Research Center for Genome Research GmbH, clone No .: IRAL-p962A174) containing the human RhoA GTPase coding sequence was amplified using the following restriction approach (25 ⁇ l, 1, 5 h at 37 0 C) containing 5 .mu.g DNA, 1.5 ul EcoR I, 1, bidest 5 .mu.l Xho I (Roche), 3 ul 10x buffer H (Roche) and 19 .mu.l of water. digested.
- pcDNA4 (mycHis) (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, USA) was performed using the following restriction mixture (25 uL, 1.5 h at 37 0 C) containing 5 .mu.g DNA, 1.5 ul EcoR I, 1, 5 ⁇ l Xho I (Roche), 3 ⁇ l 10x buffer H (Roche) and 19 ⁇ l bidistilled water. also digested.
- the preparation is carried out analogously to pcDNA4 (mycHis) A hRhoA wt, but instead of pcDNA4 (mycHis) the above-described plasmid pcDNA3.1V5- His TOPO is used.
- Neo 2620-3411 amp 4919-5779 compl.
- HEK293 wild-type cells (cultured in RPMI-glutamax + 10% dial FCS + 1% antibiotic-antimycotic) were transfected in a first transfection step with the plasmid pIRES hNgR hp75.
- 2 ⁇ g of plasmid DNA in 100 ⁇ l of serum-free RPMI-Gutamax medium and 2 ⁇ 10 6 cells in 12 ⁇ l of LIPOFECTAMINE in 100 ⁇ l serum-free RPMI-Gutamax medium were mixed in culture dishes with 10 wells per batch and incubated for 15 to 20 minutes at room temperature , It was then filled with serum-free medium to a total volume of 1 ml per Trans Stammionsanthesis.
- Clones were isolated from the dilution giving the first separated clones.
- Sterile mini-glass cylinders BASF
- BASF Sterile mini-glass cylinders
- the end of the mini-glass cylinder wetted with petroleum jelly was carefully placed on the previously selected individual clones.
- the single clone should be completely enclosed by the mini glass cylinder.
- 40 ⁇ l of trypsin Gibco, trypsin-EDTA
- the trypsin was allowed to act on the cells for 1-2 minutes.
- the cells were resuspended by repeatedly drawing (3-4 times) and dispensing the trypsin with an Eppendorf pipette (sterile tip).
- the resuspended cells were transferred with the Eppendorf pipette completely from the mini-glass cylinder into a 24-well plate (tissue culture plate, Falcon, Becton Dickinson, each well containing 1 ml medium RPMI-glutamax + 5% dialysed FCS). Positive clones were detected by FACS as described above. The overexpression of the receptors NgR and p75 on the cell surface was determined (results not shown).
- a positive clone (clone 5) of the HEK293 NgR / p75 cell line prepared in accordance with a) is transfected in an analogous manner with the plasmid pcDNA4 (mycHis) A hRhoA.
- the mixtures were spliced into RPMI-glutamax (+ 10% dialysed FCS + 1% antibiotic-antimycotic + G418; 800 ⁇ g / ml, + Zeocin 125 ⁇ g / ml)
- RhoA detection a cell homogenate derived from each clone was separated by SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis (NuPAGE polyacrylamide gel 4-12%, 1.5 mm thick (Invitrogen Carlsbad, USA), the protein samples were denatured with 5% mercaptoethanol) and after immunoblotting with mouse monoclonal anti-RhoA antibody tested by standard method. A typical result is shown in FIG. 4a. For positive clones, a RhoA band with a molecular weight of about 21 kD is observed.
- the basis for the expression and purification of recombinant sRAGE protein was the stably transfected with the vector pcDNA3 (-) 6.1 C HIS A HEK 293 cell line "293 / 6.1 sRAGE His 6".
- RNA from lymphocytes was reverse transcribed with the Superscript RT-PCR system (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, USA), followed by the oligonucleotide primers
- RAGE-SE CCG AAT TCC GGA AGCAGG ATG GCA GCC G (SEQ ID NO: 25) and RAGE-AS: CCC TCG AGC CCC TCA AGG CCC TCA GTA CTA CT (SEQ ID NO: 26)
- N-SE A AGTAAC GGC CGC CAG TGT GCT GGA ATT CGG A (SEQ ID NO: 27) and C-SE B: CCG GTA CCA CCT GCA GTT GGC CCC TCC TCG CC (SEQ ID NO: 28)
- this cell line was grown in 4 X 20 I well stacks in serum-containing MEM (see above). The cells were then in serum-free medium Pro293a-CDM Cultivated (# 12-764Q, BioWhittaker, Verviers, Belgium) at 37 0 C for 3 days before the medium supernatant was removed and about "Hemolflow F-Series High-Flux" columns (Fresenisus Medical Care AG 1 Bad Homburg, Germany) 1400 ml was concentrated.
- Protein purification was carried out by Immobilized Metal Ion Affinity Chromatography (IMAC) and was carried out by Diarect AG (Freiburg, Germany).
- IMAC Immobilized Metal Ion Affinity Chromatography
- Diarect AG Diarect AG (Freiburg, Germany).
- NiNTA column material "chelating sepharose FF” (Amersham-Bioscience, Upsala Ia, Sweden) was used, equilibration, binding to the column matrix, and purification were according to the manufacturer's instructions Elution of the protein was gradual with increasing imidazole concentrations
- the purified sRAGE protein Genbank Ref Seq Sequence NM_001136
- N-Hind HindIII CGA AGC TTG ATG AAC AGG AAT GGA AAG GAG ACCAAG
- N-trunc Xhol TCC TCG AGC ACC TGC AGT TGG CCC CTC CTC GCC T (SEQ ID NO: 36)
- the cDNA was cut with the restriction endonucleases HindIII and Xhol to be ligated into the HindIII / XhoI cut vector psecTAG 2A (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, USA) after renewed gel purification , After transformation into E.
- the newly created plasmid vector "psecTAG / NC trunc sRAGEI” was used with the "FreeStyle” transfection system (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, USA) according to the manufacturer expressed. After 96 hours, the cells were spun down and the serum-free supernatant (60 ml) was used for protein purification.
- NtermR31 QNITARIGEPLVLKCKGAPKKPPQRLEWKLN (SEQ ID NO: 6)
- NtermR13 CKGAPKKPPRQRLE (SEQ ID NO: 3)
- ScraNtermR31 APLACPRELIKGKWEVKPKRNPKNQLTIGQL (SEQ ID NO: 7)
- ScraNtermRI 3 GKPRAPKCLKPEQ (SEQ ID NO: 8)
- the basis for the expression and purification of recombinant His-NogoR fusion protein was the HEK 293 cell line "CHO” stably transfected with the vector "pcDNA4 / hNogoR-TM6".
- the starting point for the production of the NgR-HIS expression plasmid was the cDNA clone pOTB7 I-RALp962L1427Q2, which was purchased from RZPD GmbH (Berlin, Germany). From the plasmid DNA was amplified by PCR using the oligonucleotide primers:
- hNogoR Hind III CCAAGCTTATGAAGAGGGCGTCCGCTGGAGGGAG (SEQ ID NO: 29)
- hNogoR Eco RI -TM CCGAATTCTAGGGCACCTGAGCCTTCTGAGTCACC (SEQ ID NO: 30)
- the cDNA was cut with the restriction endonucleases HindIII and EcoR1 and, after renewed gel purification, ligated into the HindIII / EcoRI cut vector pcDNA4 / MycHIS A (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, USA) to become.
- HindIII / EcoRI cut vector pcDNA4 / MycHIS A Invitrogen, Carlsbad, USA
- E. coli Top10 One Shot cells Invitrogen, Carlsbad, USA
- a positive recombinant clone was amplified, the sequence verified and the plasmid DNA isolated with the Plasmid Mini-Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany).
- the newly formed plasmid vector "pcDNA4 / hNogoR-TM6” was labeled with the transfection reagent "Fugene 6" (Roche, Mannheim, Germany) according to the
- Nogo receptor expression and secretion of the protein in the culture medium was checked in dot blot with anti-HIS specific antibodies (# 1922416, Roche, Mannheim, Germany).
- the cell clone was propagated under normal cell culture conditions and seeded in a well stack. After 21 days of growth under FCS, the medium was replaced with fresh serum-free medium. After 3 days, 40 liters of serum-free cell culture supernatant were recovered. This supernatant was concentrated to 1 liter using a Fresenius Hemoflow F60 (factor 40). Then, 50ml Ni-NTA Superflow beads (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany), which had been pre-equilibrated with PBS, added to the concentrate, and stirred at 4 0 C for 3 hours. The beads were sedimented by switching off the stirrer (overnight at 4 ° C), the supernatant was discarded and the Ni-NTA beads filled into a column.
- the beads were washed at room temperature with three column volumes of 2M NaM phosphate buffer, 30 mM NaCl pH 8.0. Subsequent washes with 5 column volumes of 2OmM Na phosphate buffer, 30 mM NaCl, 1 mM Imidazole pH ⁇ .O.
- the bound Hexa-His-tagged NgR was eluted with 20 mM Na phosphate buffer, 30 mM NaCl, 10 mM Imidazole pH8.0.
- the eluate was dialyzed overnight against 25mM Tris / HCl pH7.0. The dialysate was at room temperature on a Q-Sepharose column (Amersham Biosciences, 1.6 x 3 cm, volume 6 ml). Subsequently, the following buffers were used:
- Buffer A 50 mM Tris / HCl; pH 7.0
- Buffer B 50 mM Tris / HCl; 1M NaCl; pH 7.0
- the peptide was conjugated to bovine thyroglobulin (BTG 1 Sigma, T-1001) carrying maleimide groups (derived from sulfosuccinimidyl 4- (N-maleimidomethyl) cyclohexane-1-carboxylate).
- BSA bovine serum albumin
- maleimide groups derived from succinimidyl-6 - [( ⁇ -maleimidopropionamido) hexanoate]
- NtermR31 was added to BTG using the sulfhydryl group reactive heterobifunctional crosslinker sulfosuccinimidyl 4- (N-maleimidomethyl) cyclohexane-1 carboxylate (sulfo-SMCC) conjugated.
- the conjugation was carried out using the following two-step method.
- the peptide NtermR31 was conjugated to BSA using the sulfhydryl group-reactive heterobifunctional crosslinker succinimidyl-6 - [( ⁇ -maleimido-propionamido) hexanoate] (SMPH).
- SMPH sulfhydryl group-reactive heterobifunctional crosslinker succinimidyl-6 - [( ⁇ -maleimido-propionamido) hexanoate]
- mice Five mice (8 weeks old) were treated by injection with 100 ⁇ g BTG-peptide conjugate emulsified in complete Freudian adjuvant (Sigma, F-5881). The injection took place in the peritoneal cavity 90 days before fusion. All other injections were administered to the peritoneal cavity according to the following schedule. Incomplete Freud 's adjuvant from Sigma (catalog number F-5506) was used.
- SP2 / 0-Ag14 was used by the German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures.
- the cells do not synthesize or secrete immunoglobulin chains, they are resistant to azaguanine (8-AZG, 20 ⁇ g / ml), do not grow in HAT (hypoxanthine 10 "4 M, aminopterin 10 " 5 M and thymidine 4x10 '5 M) medium.
- the SP2 / 0 cells were cultured in tissue culture flasks in standard culture medium (DMEM + 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) supplemented with 20 ⁇ g / ml 8-AZG to kill HGPRT + revertants).
- FCS fetal calf serum
- mice Three spleens of immunized mice were aseptically removed and minced. Single cell suspensions were prepared therefrom.
- the spleen lymphocytes were fused with the SP2 / 0 myeloma cell line (ratio: 5 lymphocytes / 1 SP2 / 0) in the presence of polyethylene glycol 3350.
- the cells thus produced were resuspended in DMEM containing HAT and 20% FCS.
- the cells were plated in eight 96-well tissue culture plates (Corning Costar) containing cells of peritoneal exudate as a feeder layer. The plates were incubated for 10 days at 37 ° C in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% carbon dioxide. During this phase, the cells were fed twice with HAT medium.
- a part of the spleen cell suspension was cultured for 10 days in a T-flask.
- An indirect ELISA designed for the detection of IgG was used for the screening of cell culture supernatants. Assays were performed in flat-bottomed 96-well polystyrene microtiter plates (Greiner, Cat. # 756071) as follows: 100 ⁇ l aliquots of a solution of 0.5 M carbonate / bicarbonate buffer, pH 9.6, containing 4 ⁇ g / ml BSA-NtermR31 Conjugate (based on BSA) was added to each well of the plate.
- the plates were incubated for 1 hour at room temperature. After several washes, the ELISA plates were challenged with goat anti-mouse IgG (mouse Fc-specific) conjugated with alkaline phosphatase (Sigma, A-2429) (50 ⁇ l / well, diluted in blocking buffer, 1: 5000) 1 Hour incubated at room temperature. After a further washing step, 150 ⁇ l / well subtrate buffer (2 mM 4-nitrophenyl phosphate (SIGMA, N3254) in 5% diethanolamine + 0.5 mM MgCl 2 , pH 9.8) was added to the plates. Substrate conversion was detected in a 12-channel Dynex Opsys MR Microplate Reader at a wavelength of 405 nm.
- SIGMA 4-nitrophenyl phosphate
- the initial screening was performed 10 days after the merger. Cells from positive IgG-producing wells were transferred to wells of 24-well plates and cultured for 4 days. An ELISA for BSA-NtermR31 to determine cultures producing the antibody of interest was performed. This propagation procedure was repeated twice after 3 and after 5 days. Thus, among other things, an anti-NtermR31 Ab was isolated with the internal name "Clone 37".
- Nterm 31 (SEQ ID NO: 6) (comprising 31 N-terminal amino acids of the mature RAGE without leader peptide), biotinylated by Fa. Thermo Electron GmbH; Ulm; OR183539 / 2), 3.9 mg / ml; further diluted for application to 1 ⁇ g / ml in TBS, 0.1% Tween20; 0.1% BSA wash buffer: TBS 0.1% Tween20
- TBS Tris buffered saline: 20 mM Tris pH 7.4; 0.9% NaCl
- Substrate 4-nitrophenyl phosphate: Roche; No. 726923; one tablet dissolved in 100 ml of 100 mM Tris / HCl pH 9.8
- Non AD control female: control plasma
- Plasmas of patients AP23 MCIF06.7 female; LAP30 Alzheimer dementia female 00.0 early onset; LAP39 MCI F06.7 female; LAP45 MCI
- Exemplary embodiment 2 Characterization of the polyclonal anti-NtermR31 serum and a monoclonal anti-NtermR31 antibody
- Nitrocellulose membranes (0.45 ⁇ m pore size, # LC2001, company: Invitrogen) Blocking Reagent (Roche Applied Science; # 1921673)
- the characterization of the polyclonal anti-NtermR31 serum was carried out by means of a dot blot method.
- 5 and 50 ng respectively of the above listed protein and peptide samples were applied in a volume of 0.5 ⁇ l.
- the membrane was blocked overnight at 4 ° C in 1X blocking reagent.
- the membranes were then incubated with rabbit pre-immune serum and antiserum NtermR31 6304 at a 1: 1000 dilution in 0.5% blocking reagent for one hour. After three washes in 1X PBS at room temperature, the incubation with the secondary antibody Shp X Rb IgG AlkPhos was carried out for one hour at room temperature in 0.5% blocking reagent.
- the membrane was again washed 3X5 minutes in PBS before staining with NBT / BCIP solution. The staining solution was withdrawn after reaching the desired signal / background ratio and the membranes were rinsed with water.
- the test result is shown in FIG. 7a).
- the polyclonal anti-NtermR31 anti-serum recognizes, as expected, the peptide NtermR31 in the dot blot.
- the proteins sRAGE-6xHIS (AA 23-352, NP_001127), human sRAGE / Fc (R & D Systems; # 1145-RG), and human sRAGE / Fc (1-130 AA) are also recognized with high sensitivity, as indicated by the staining of each 5 ng protein is occupied.
- These proteins each contain the complete partial sequence of NtermR31 at the N-terminal part that here too the result corresponds to the expectation.
- the highly conserved RAGE proteins from mouse and rat are also clearly recognized, so that this antiserum can be attributed to a cross-reactivity with mouse and rat RAGE.
- NtermR13 is a partial sequence (nuclear sequence) of NtermR31 and has the essential binding activity in the homogeneous binding assay (AlphaScreen, see below).
- a likely explanation for this result could be in the preferred recognition of a conformational eptiope in NtermR31 by the polyclonal antibody. Only if the peptide takes on this conformation through intramolecular interaction will it be clearly recognized by the antiserum. The shorter NtermR13 partial peptide can not take this spatial structure and is therefore not recognized.
- the complete 31 amino acid sequence or peptides containing this sequence are therefore particularly suitable as an immunogen.
- NtermR13 Another possible explanation could be a clearly different immunogenicity of the peptide NtermR13 compared to the non-overlapping regions of NtermR31 (range 1-14, range 28-31).
- Abie Pro 3.0 (ChangBioscience.com)
- Abie Pro 3.0 shows that four 13-mer peptides with good antigenic properties are predicted, with one peptide corresponding exactly to the sequence NtermR13.
- Each of the three other peptides is N-termially displaced by one amino acid, so that here, too, there is a large overlap with NtermR13.
- FIG. 7 b This shows that the specificity of anti-NtermR31 mAb is comparable to the polyclonal rabbit antiserum (detection of NtermR31, no response to scrambled controls and NtermR13, as well as cross species reaction between human, rat, mouse).
- the AlphaScreen TM system (order number: 6760610M) from Perkin Elmer (Shelton, CT) was used.
- NtermR13 biotinylated (Thermo Electron, Ulm)
- NtermR31 biotinylated (Thermo Electron, Ulm)
- the entire homogeneous assay was performed in 25 mM HEPES, 100 mM NaCl pH 7.4 and 0.1% BSA in 20 ⁇ l volume.
- the mixture contained 2.5 ng / ⁇ l of the fusion protein sRAGE-6xHIS (amino acids 23-352, NP_001127), 20 ng / ⁇ l of anti-HIS acceptor beads, 20 ng / ⁇ l of streptavidin donor beads and NtermR13 or NtermR31 peptides in the concentrations 0.1, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 150 and 300 nM.
- the individual components were brought together in a defined chronological order: first, sRAGE 6 ⁇ HIS was incubated with the acceptor beads for 30 minutes. biert. The various amounts of peptide were then added to add the donor beads after a further 30 minutes. After a further 60 minutes, the fluorescence measurement was carried out in the AlphaQuest device from Perkin-Elmer with a time delay of one second. Each measuring point was determined as triplicate. The evaluation and graphical processing of the results was carried out with the software package GraphPrism 4.0.
- the results are shown in FIG.
- the peptides NtermR31 and NtermR13 bind to sRAGE protein in the experiment described herein with high affinity.
- the determined EC 50 values in the AlphaScreen binding assay are 62 and 66 nM, respectively.
- the AlphaScreen TM system (order number: 6760610M) from Perkin Elmer (Shelion, CT) was used.
- Amyloid A ⁇ -1-42 oligomer prepared according to WO 2004067561
- NtermR13 C KG A P K K P P Q R LE
- Non-polar FPVIPALFWIVLM Plus7: RLKRGHA
- the assay was performed according to the manufacturer's instructions and in 25 mM HEPES, 100 mM NaCl pH 7.4 and 0.1% BSA in 20 ⁇ l volume.
- the batch contained 2.5 ng / ⁇ l of the fusion protein sRAGE-6xHIS (amino acids 23-352, NP_001127), 20 ng / ⁇ l of anti-HIS acceptor beads, 20 ng / ⁇ l of streptavidin donor beads and the biotinylated peptides in concentrations of 0.10, 30, 100, and 300 nM.
- the peptides except with servers of Aß 1-42 oligomers are heated at 50 0 C for 10 minutes immediately prior to the attempt to solve possible aggregations.
- the individual components were brought together in a defined chronological order: First, sRAGE 6 ⁇ HIS was incubated for 30 minutes with the acceptor beads. The different amounts of peptide were then added to add the donor beads after a further 30 minutes. After a further 60 minutes, the fluorescence measurement was carried out in the AlphaQuest device from Perkin-Elmer with a time delay of one second. Each measuring point was determined as triplicate. The evaluation and graphic processing of the results was done with the software package GraphPrims 4.0.
- the test results are shown in FIG.
- the control peptides used in this experiment are intended to elucidate the nature of the binding of NtermR31 or NtermR13 to RAGE.
- the positive control was the binding of A ⁇ oligomer to RAGE.
- ScraNtermR13 is composed of the same amino acids as NtermR13, but in an arbitrary order.As this control binds to sRAGE with the same or a slightly higher affinity, according to the current data, the amino acid sequence is of relevance only insofar as there are positive charges in a specific density The fact that not even the specific combination of positive charge carriers is necessary for the binding is shown by the peptide AlterChargel, which carries four positive charges as 13mer, but not from 3 lysines and one arginine, as in NtermR13, but from three arginines and one histidine.
- Embodiment 5 AP-Nogo66 Competition Assay:
- His-NogoR expressed in CHO-K1 cells and after purification with a purity>
- Microtiter plates (Nunc Maxisorb) were incubated with 0.1 ml of a solution of His-NogoR (5 ug / ml in sodium carbonate buffer, pH 9) overnight at 4 0C. Subsequently, a 1-hour blocking step with 2% bovine serum albumin (BSA) in Tris-HCl, pH 7.2, was performed at room temperature. For solutions of His-NogoR, sRAGE and NtermR31, starting concentrations of 200 nM were set. These stock solutions were then diluted 3-fold. AP-Nogo66 (3 ⁇ g / ml) was diluted to 0.2 nM with buffer (Tris-HCl, pH 7.2 and 0.1% BSA).
- BSA bovine serum albumin
- AP-Nogo66 0.2 nM was added to the respective dilutions of the proteins (0.05 ml) and incubated for 90 minutes at ambient temperature.
- the respective final concentrations were: 0.1 nM for AP-Nogo66 and 100, 33.3, 11, 1, 3.7, and 1.2 nM for His-NogoR, sRAGE and NtermR31.
- Phalloidin Alexa 568 or 488 (Molecular Probes, Eugene, USA)
- DAPI (Molecular Probes, Eugene, USA)
- an unstimulated control batch (without AP-Nogo66) was prepared. After a 5 to 10 minute stimulation period, the activation became interrupted with cold PBS. The cells were fixed with 3-4% paraformaldehyde solution, permeabilized with PBS containing 0.2% Triton X-100 and incubated with phalloidin Alexa 568 or 488 for 30-45 minutes. In addition, a 5 minute incubation with DAPI for nuclear staining was performed. The cells were visualized using an epifluorescence microscope (Axiovert 25). Fluorescence micrographs were recorded with a cooled CCD camera from Zeiss and the percentage of contracted cells, based on the total cell count, was determined.
- FIG. 11B The experimental results for NtermR 31 and sRAGE are shown in FIG. 11B.
- a concentration-dependent reduction of the percentage of contracted HEK cells is observed.
- FIG. 11A shows microscopic images of unstimulated or AP-Nogo66-stimulated HEK293 RhoA / NgR / p75 cells.
- the increased proportion of contracted HEK cells after stimulation with AP-Nogo-66 is clearly recognizable.
- Embodiment 7 FIHC analysis with anti-RAGE in APP mouse brain transgenes
- TBST wash solution Tris-buffered saline with Tween 20, 10-fold concentrate, DakoCytomation, Glostrup, Denmark S3306) diluted 1:10 with distilled water.
- Donkey Serum (Serotec GmbH, Dusseldorf, DE) 5% in TBST
- Primary Antibody Rabbit anti-RAGE (Abcam, Distributor: Acris GmbH, Hiddenhaus, DE, ab3611) diluted 1: 200 in TBST
- Rabbit anti-RAGE (Biotrend; Why, DE; anti-31-mer-8508) diluted 1: 200 in TBST; anti-NtermR31 serum according to the invention;
- Esei anti-rabbit Cy3 (Jackson Immuno, Distributor Dianova GmbH, Hamburg, DE) diluted 1: 500 with TBST Vectashield hardset mounting medium (Vector Laboratories, Burligame, UK H-1400)
- mice (Taconic M & B A / S, Ry, Denmark) carrying the gene for huimanes amyloid precursor protein (APP) b) Experimental procedure:
- Frozen sections with a thickness of 40 ⁇ m prepared from the dentate gyrus of Tg2576 mice at 10 weeks or 11 months old were incubated with donkey serum for 20 minutes and with one of the primary antibodies overnight. After 3 washes in TBST buffer, sections were incubated with donkey anti-rabbit Cy3 secondary antibody for 60 minutes and finally washed three times with TBST buffer. The sections were then applied to Superfrost Plus glass slides, air dried and covered with a coverslip. Fluoroscopic images of the thin sections were analyzed in an Axioplan Imaging System. (Microscope Axioplan Imaging 2, Carl Zeiss, Jena, Germany).
- APP transgenic mice show tremendous stimulation of membrane-bound RAGE at a time when no amyloid plaques are yet to be formed.
- membrane-bound RAGE disappears in favor of soluble RAGE, which can be measured in plasma. Old animals therefore have particularly high sRAGE plasma levels.
- Microtiter plates (Flexible plate, 96 well, flat bottom, Falcon) Goat anti-mouse RAGE Antibody; R & D Systems; AF1179 Transgenic Mice (Tg2576)
- Microtiter plates were coated with each 100 .mu.l of antibody solution (goat anti-mouse RAGE; stock solution: 100 ug / ml diluted in a concentration of 1 ug / ml in 50 mM NaHCO 3) coated overnight at 4 0 C. Subsequently, the wells per washed three times with TBS / 0.1% Tween 20. In order to minimize adsorption effects, 100 ml of a 1% BSA solution in TBS / 0.1% Tween20 were incubated for one hour at room temperature. Subsequently, as described above, washed three times each with TBS / 0.1% Tween 20.
- antibody solution goat anti-mouse RAGE; stock solution: 100 ug / ml diluted in a concentration of 1 ug / ml in 50 mM NaHCO 3
- FIG. 13 shows the result of measurement of sRAGE in the plasma of 12-month-old (1) and 10-week young (2) transgenic Tg2576 mice. It can be seen that sRAGE is elevated in the plasma of old mice. This can be explained by the fact that with increasing age of the animals the expression of RAGE switches over from the membrane-bound (in young animals) to the soluble form (in old animals) depending on the amyloid production. This result supports the finding according to the invention that NtermR31 antiserum recognizes an "active receptor status" which is not defined by commercial antisera (compare Example 7, FIG. The plasma of the non-transgenic strain C57B16 showed comparable sRAGE plasma concentrations as the young transgenic animals (data not shown).
- Embodiment 9 Competition of sRAGE / A ⁇ oligomer interaction by anti-NtermR31 and anti-sRAGE antibodies
- Antibody sRAGE-amyloid beta-oligomer (globulomer) binding displacement experiments were performed using the homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence (HTRF) technology of CIS Bio International (Bagnols, France), the HTRF donor and acceptor components , Anti ⁇ HIS europiumcryptate (CIS Bio catalog number: 61 HISKLA; 500 wells / 13 ⁇ g) and streptavidin XL-665 (CIS Bio catalog number: 611 SAXLA, 500 wells / 250 ⁇ g) were redistilled in 250 ⁇ l H 2 O each. Starting from these stock solutions, 1:50 working dilutions were produced with a final concentration of 7.4 nM AntiöHis Cryptate or 121.2 nM Streptavidin XL-665 in PBS, pH 7.4.
- HTRF time-resolved fluorescence
- the negative control used in this experiment was rabbit IgG (Order No .: I5006, Sigma, Taufkirchen, Germany).
- the polyclonal anti RAGE antibody AF1145 (R & D Systems, Wiesbaden, Germany) was used.
- the anti NtermR31 immunoglobulins used were acquired, as already described elsewhere, via the company Biotrend (Cologne, Germany).
- the A beta 1/5 biotin globulomer concentration given here refers to the A ⁇ 1-42 monomers which were used to prepare the globulomers (according to WO 2004 067561). In each case 2 .mu.l of the above-described 7.4 nM AntiöHis cryptate solution and the 121.2 nM streptavidin were added to then incubate this approach for another two hours at now 4 0 C. After the addition of 4 ⁇ l of a 2M KF stock solution, the total batch was measured in the BMG Pherastar fluorescence meter (BMG Labtech GmbH, Offenburg, Germany) in the HTRF mode. The calculated% DeltaF values were transferred to GraphPad Prism 4 (GraphPad Software, San Diego, USA) and evaluated. The concentrations given in the graph refer to the final concentration of the 20 ⁇ l total batch.
- Embodiment 10 Effect of NtermR31 on excitatory synaptic transmission and long term potentiation
- LTP Long-term potentiation
- the induction method (“Theta Bursf” stimulation) used here triggers a so-called “weak” LTP, which falls back to its original values after several hours Changes include (eg, modification of the receptor composition of the postsynaptic membrane) LTP-like states were measured in memory formation in the animal, conversely, LTP induction in the animal affects memory performance better accessibility of substances were measured synaptic transmission and LTP in the brain slice. Derived was in the CA1 region of the hippocampus.
- the values were determined from the slope of the FeId EPSP derived every 5 minutes for a period of 120 minutes before and 120 minutes after LTP induction.
- LTP was triggered by so-called theta burst stimulation (4x2 pulses 200 ms apart, with 10 ms double pulse interval). The substance was washed 100 minutes before tetanization.
- NtermR31 The effect of NtermR31 on synaptic transmission and LTP was investigated.
- An application of 500 nM NtermR31 clearly suppresses both short-term and long-term potentiation.
- the effect of the NtermR31 peptide is therefore specific for the amino acid sequence.
- the short-term potentiation is shown in the LTP curve and corresponds to the first minutes of exponentiation.
- NtermR31 administration has no effect on basal synaptic transmission.
- the application of NtermR31 over a period of 90 minutes does not change the size of the EPSPs 1 and thus leaves normal glutamatergic neurotransmission unaffected (see Figure 15).
- the input / output relation is not affected by NtermR31 (see Figure 17), which also indicates normal synaptic transmission under the action of this peptide.
- NtermR31 acts specifically on LTP. It follows that NtermR31 specifically interferes with plastic synaptic processes that can be linked to learning and memory.
- Embodiment 11 Competition of sRAGE / A ⁇ Globulomer Interaction by AGER-CDP
- a ⁇ 1-42 Globulomer prepared according to WO 2004 067561, biotinylated
- the attempts to displace the sRAGE-A ⁇ globulomer binding by RAGE peptides were carried out by the homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence (HTRF) technology of ClS Bio International (Bagnols, France) .
- HTRF time-resolved fluorescence
- the HTRF donor and acceptor Components, anti- ⁇ HIS europiumcryptate (CIS Bio catalog number: 61 HISKLA; 500 wells / 13 ⁇ g) and streptavidin XL-665 (CIS Bio catalog number: 611SAXLA, 500 wells / 250 ⁇ g) were redistilled in 250 ⁇ l H 2 O each Starting from these stock solutions, 1:50 working dilutions were made with a final concentration of 7.4 nM Anti ⁇ His cryptates or 121.2 nM streptavidin XL-665 in PBS, 0.1% BSA, pH 7.4.
- Embodiment 12 Binding N-terminally truncated sRAGE fragments to A ⁇ oligomer
- sRAGE 1-331 (comprising the complete RAGE ectodomain) (see Preparation 3a)
- sRAGE 102-331 (comprising the N-terminally truncated RAGE ectodomain) (see Preparative Example 3b)
- HTRF time-resolved fluorescence
- CIS Bio International Bognols, France
- the HTRF donor and acceptor components Anti ⁇ HIS Europiumcryptate (CIS Bio Catalog Number: 61 HISKLA; 500 wells / 13 ⁇ g) and Streptavidin XL - 665 (CIS Bio Catalog Number: 611SAXLA, 500 wells / 250 ⁇ g) were distilled in 250 ⁇ l H 2 O bidist. solved. Starting from these stock solutions were prepared 1: 100 working dilutions with a final concentration of 3.7 nM Anti ⁇ His-Cryptate or 60.6 nM streptavidin XL-665 in PBS, 0.1% BSA, pH 7.4.
- mice Balb / c and AAJ mice (6-8 weeks old) were subcutaneously immunized with 30 ⁇ g sRAGE-HIS antigen in complete Freud's adjuvant. The animals were then injected three times at intervals of three weeks each again with 30 ⁇ g sRAGE antigen which was present for these immunizations in Immuneasy TM (company: Qiagen). Four days before the fusion, the mice were finally vaccinated intravenously with 10 ug sRAGE.
- Spleen cells from immunized animals were fused with SP2 / 0-Ag14 myeloma cells in a ratio of 5: 1 according to standard methods.
- PEG 3000 was used and the selection was carried out in a medium containing azaserine and hypoxantin. Seven to ten days post-fusion, on appearance of macroscopically visible colonies, cell culture supernatants were tested both in ELISA for antibodies to sRAGE-HIS and in FACS using stably transfected sRAGE-expressing HEK-293 cells. Positive cells from the ELISA / FACS analysis were further propagated and cloned by serial dilutions.
- ELISA plates were coated with sRAGE protein (1 .mu.g / ml) in PBS overnight at 4 0C. After blocking the plates with milk, the mouse sera or hybridoma supernatants were diluted in 1x PBS 1 0.1% BSA (Sigma). The dilutions were carried out serially starting with a ratio of 1: 500. For screening, dilutions of 1: 5 were used. 50 ⁇ l of serum or cell culture supernatant were pipetted into each well and incubated for one hour at room temperature.
- the hybridoma cell lines were expanded in medium containing 5% fetal bovine serum (low IgG content, Invitrogen). The supernatants were harvested and concentrated. Purification of the monoclonal anti-RAGE antibodies was carried out by protein A chromatography and subsequent dialysis in PBS.
- antibodies named ML37-11 H8 and ML37-6A6 were obtained and further characterized.
- dot blots were prepared with the complete sRAGE protein (1-331 sRAGE-HIS) and an N-terminally truncated version (102-331-sRAGE-HIS).
- 1-331 sRAGE-HIS complete sRAGE protein
- 102-331-sRAGE-HIS N-terminally truncated version
- Hybond ECL nitrocellulose membranes Amersham, RPN68D
- the following amounts of protein were each duplicated in a volume of 1 ⁇ l of IxPBS: 30 ng, 10 ng, 3 ng, 1 ng, 0.3 ng, 0.1 ng, 0, 03ng, and 0.01ng.
- the dried membranes were then shaken for 1 hour in the Western Blocking Reagent (Roche, # 1921673) at a constant rate, then incubated for an additional hour under the same conditions with the monoclonal antibodies ML37-6A6 and ML37-11 H8, respectively
- the filters were placed in Western Blocking Reagent (Roche, No. 192173) containing the secondary antibody "goat anti mouse IgG AP" (Sigma no. A-7434) in a 1: 2000 fold dilution, shaken for one hour.
- the filters were incubated in a NBT / BCIP substrate solution (Roche, No. 1697471) prepared according to the manufacturer's instructions. The staining reaction was stopped after 10 minutes with distilled water.
- HTRF homogeneous-time-resolved fluorescence
- CIS Bio International Bognols, France
- the HTRF donor and acceptor components, Anti ⁇ HIS -Europiumcryptate (CIS Bio catalog number: 61 HISKLA; 500 wells / 13 ⁇ g) and streptavidin XL-665 (CIS Bio catalog number: 611SAXLA, 500 wells / 250 ⁇ g) were dissolved in 250 ⁇ l of bidistilled water, starting from these stock solutions 1: 40 working dilutions were made with a final concentration of 10.25 nM Anti6His cryptate or 151.5 nM streptavidin XL-665 in PBS, pH 7.4 Negative controls in this experiment were mouse IgGI and mouse IgG2a (order no .: M-5284 resp M-5409; Sigma, Taufmaschinen, Germany).
- Antibody ML37-6A6 are able, the ATE-G obulomer - sRAGE binding efficiently etieren to comp '. As shown in the dot blot analysis, the antibodies recognize different parts of the sRAGE protein, unequivocally proving that both terminal as well as N-terminal regions of sRAGE can serve as targets for antagonistic therapeutic reagents.
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US64521105P | 2005-01-18 | 2005-01-18 | |
DE200510002353 DE102005002353A1 (de) | 2005-01-18 | 2005-01-18 | AGER-Rezeptor Multimerisierungs Epitope |
US66870405P | 2005-04-05 | 2005-04-05 | |
DE200510015832 DE102005015832A1 (de) | 2005-04-06 | 2005-04-06 | AGER-Rezeptor Multimerisierungs Epitope |
US68121105P | 2005-05-13 | 2005-05-13 | |
DE102005022285 | 2005-05-13 | ||
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CN101463361B (zh) * | 2009-01-14 | 2011-07-20 | 中国农业大学 | 双表达盒的表达载体及其制备方法与应用 |
CN101463362B (zh) * | 2009-01-15 | 2011-07-20 | 中国农业大学 | 融合表达绿色荧光蛋白的表达载体及其构建方法与应用 |
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US6555651B2 (en) * | 1997-10-09 | 2003-04-29 | The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York | Ligand binding site of rage and uses thereof |
US6465422B1 (en) * | 1998-04-17 | 2002-10-15 | The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York | Method for inhibiting tumor invasion or spreading in a subject |
US6753150B2 (en) * | 1998-10-05 | 2004-06-22 | The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York | Method for determining whether a compound is capable of inhibiting the interaction of a peptide with rage |
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