EP1825580B1 - Dispositif pour améliorer le rendement d'une bougie pour moteur à combustion interne, deux ou quatre temps - Google Patents

Dispositif pour améliorer le rendement d'une bougie pour moteur à combustion interne, deux ou quatre temps Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP1825580B1
EP1825580B1 EP05809120A EP05809120A EP1825580B1 EP 1825580 B1 EP1825580 B1 EP 1825580B1 EP 05809120 A EP05809120 A EP 05809120A EP 05809120 A EP05809120 A EP 05809120A EP 1825580 B1 EP1825580 B1 EP 1825580B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
spark plug
spark
internal combustion
negative electrode
stroke internal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP05809120A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1825580A1 (fr
Inventor
Yngve Jakobsen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP1825580A1 publication Critical patent/EP1825580A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1825580B1 publication Critical patent/EP1825580B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/20—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation
    • H01T13/32—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation characterised by features of the earthed electrode

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a spark plug for an internal combustion engine, two or four times.
  • US1929748 A which is considered to represent the closest state of the art, represents an extremely “hot” spark plug to judge by the size of the "chamber” (20, fig.3 This was normal for engines of the 1930s (4 to 5 volumetric rate, side valves and excessive consumption of oil, etc .). To manufacture a spark plug meeting the current thermal indices (8.5 to 12 volumetric rate) according to this patent, it would be necessary to reduce the "chamber” (20, fig.3 ), see the disappear. So its main claim to make holes in a spin (21) to shoot flames from the "chamber” through them, to better ignite the gas mixture, is no longer possible.
  • the patent : FR2841396 only provides a device for guiding the gas mixture to the negative electrode, but the device can not avoid the deposition of calamine on the candle.
  • the two orifices and the projection in a spin weaken the negative electrode due to its small section.
  • a traditional candle keeps the gaseous mixture inside the base, and at the moment of the explosion the deposit of calamine fouls the candle, and with time degrades its yield.
  • the spark occurs only on a part of the electrode surfaces, so a low intensity spark.
  • the heat of operation of a traditional candle is very important and lowers its performance.
  • a spark plug according to claim 1.It has in fact, according to a first characteristic, oblique holes in the form of venturi, passing through the base of the base. These make it possible to create a circulation of the gaseous mixture inside the base, to increase the density of the gaseous mixture with the spark, thus avoiding the deposition of scale, and decreasing the heat of operation of the spark plug (as a thermal index regulator).
  • the device according to the invention comprises a second characteristic, a hole, conical on its upper part, passing through the negative electrode, which acts as an electrical "vacuum", making it possible to create a counter pressure to improve the density of the gas mixture before the spark, and get a more homogeneous spark, wider, more intense, and through the hole to create a flame front to allow to burn the gas mixture further into the cylinder.
  • the device comprises several oblique holes (1) running through the base of the base (2) ( fig.2 , fig.4 ), and a hole (3) passing through the negative electrode, conical on its upper part, of the candle (6) ( Fig. 2 , Fig. 3 , fig.4 ), its seat (7) can be flat or conical.

Landscapes

  • Spark Plugs (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Fats And Perfumes (AREA)

Description

  • La présente invention concerne une bougie d'allumage pour un moteur à combustion interne, deux ou quatre temps.
  • Le brevet: US1929748 A qui est considéré comme représentant l'état de la technique le plus proche, représente une bougie d'allumage extrêmement "chaude" à juger par la taille de la "chambre" (20, fig.3).Ceci était normal pour des moteurs des années 1930 (4 à 5 de taux volumétrique, soupapes latérales et une consommation excessive d'huile, etc....). Pour fabriquer une bougie d'allumage répondant aux indices thermiques actuels (8,5 à 12 de taux volumétrique) suivant ce brevet, il faudrait diminuer la "chambre" (20, fig.3), voir la faire disparaître. Donc sa revendication principale indiquant de réaliser des trous en vrille (21) pour faire jaillir des flammes de la "chambre" au travers de ceux-ci, pour mieux allumer le mélange gazeux, n'est plus possible actuellement. Au vue de la longue distance entre l'étincelle et le fond de la "chambre", lorsque l'étincelle jaillit, il sera difficile de brûler l'ensemble du mélange gazeux se trouvant au fond de la "chambre". Le dépôt de calamine et d'huile brûlée devrait rapidement remplir la "chambre".
  • Le brevet : FR2841396 , prévoit uniquement un dispositif pour guider le mélange gazeux vers l'électrode négative, mais le dispositif ne peut pas éviter le dépôt de calamine sur la bougie. En outre, les deux orifices et la saillie en vrille, fragilisent l'électrode négative vu sa faible section.
  • Une bougie traditionnelle garde le mélange gazeux à l'intérieur du culot, et au moment de l'explosion le dépôt de calamine encrasse la bougie, et avec le temps dégrade son rendement. L'étincelle se produit uniquement sur une partie des surfaces des électrodes, donc une étincelle pauvre en intensité. La chaleur de fonctionnement d'une bougie traditionnelle est très importante et fait baisser son rendement.
  • Le dispositif selon l'invention permet de remédier à cet inconvénient. Ceci est atteint par une bougie d'allumage, selon la revendication 1.Il comporte en effet, selon une première caractéristique, des trous obliques en forme de venturi, traversant sur l'embase du culot. Ceux-ci permettent de créer une circulation du mélange gazeux à l'intérieur du culot, pour augmenter la densité du mélange gazeux auprès de l'étincelle, évitant ainsi le dépôt de calamine, et diminuant la chaleur de fonctionnement de la bougie (comme un régulateur d'indice thermique).
  • Le dispositif selon l'invention comporte une deuxième caractéristique, un trou, conique sur sa partie supérieure, traversant l'électrode négative, qui agit comme un "vide" électrique, permettant de créer une contre pression pour améliorer la densité du mélange gazeux avant l'étincelle, et d'obtenir une étincelle plus homogène, plus large, plus intense, et au travers du trou de créer un front de flamme pour permettre de brûler le mélange gazeux plus loin dans le cylindre.
  • Le dispositif selon l'invention est destiné à diminuer la pollution, faciliter le démarrage, augmenter le rendement du moteur, baisser la consommation et contrôler l'indice thermique après la mise en température du moteur. Les dessins annexés illustrent l'invention:
    • la figure 1 représente la bougie dans son ensemble.
    • la figure 2 représente le culot de la bougie en perspective.
    • la figure 3 représente une vue en plan de l'électrode négative avec son trou traversant, oblique dans sa partie supérieure.
    • la figure 4 représente en coupe les trous traversant obliques en forme de venturi, effectués sur l'embase du culot, et le trou effectué sur l'électrode négative de la bougie.
    • la figure 5 représente, à titre indicatif et non limitatif, un exemple d'emplacement et une série d'angle d'inclinaison de perçage.
  • En référence à ces dessins le dispositif comporte plusieurs trous obliques (1) traversant exécutés sur l'embase du culot (2) (fig.2, fig.4), et un trou (3) traversant sur l'électrode négative, conique sur sa partie supérieure, de la bougie (6) (fig. 2, fig. 3, fig.4), son siége (7) peut être plat ou conique.

Claims (2)

  1. Bougie d'allumage pour un moteur à combustion interne comportant un siège (7) et une électrode négative ayant une partie inférieure, reliée au culot et une partie supérieure et dont le culot est traversé par des trous obliques, caractérisée en ce que lesdits trous sont en forme de venturi, qui permettent de créer une circulation du mélange gazeux à l'intérieur du culot (2) et de contrôler l'indice thermique après la mise en température du moteur, et que ladite partie supérieure de l'électrode négative comporte un trou traversant (5), conique permettant d'obtenir une étincelle plus homogène, plus large, plus intense, et au travers du trou de créer un front de flamme pour permettre de brûler le mélange gazeux plus loin dans le cylindre.
  2. Bougie d'allumage selon la revendication n° 1 caractérisée en ce que le siège (7) peut être plat ou conique.
EP05809120A 2004-12-09 2005-10-17 Dispositif pour améliorer le rendement d'une bougie pour moteur à combustion interne, deux ou quatre temps Not-in-force EP1825580B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0413114A FR2879365B1 (fr) 2004-12-09 2004-12-09 Dispositif pour ameliorer le rendement d'une bougie pour moteur a combustion interne, deux ou quatre temps
PCT/FR2005/002564 WO2006061468A1 (fr) 2004-12-09 2005-10-17 Dispositif pour améliorer le rendement d'une bougie pour moteur à combustion interne, deux ou quatre temps

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1825580A1 EP1825580A1 (fr) 2007-08-29
EP1825580B1 true EP1825580B1 (fr) 2008-03-26

Family

ID=34953578

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05809120A Not-in-force EP1825580B1 (fr) 2004-12-09 2005-10-17 Dispositif pour améliorer le rendement d'une bougie pour moteur à combustion interne, deux ou quatre temps

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20070256656A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1825580B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE390744T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE602005005716T2 (fr)
FR (1) FR2879365B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2006061468A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1929748A (en) * 1932-08-15 1933-10-10 American Gyro Company Spark plug
US4109633A (en) * 1975-09-16 1978-08-29 New Cosmos Electric Company Limited Spark-plug for automobile internal combustion engine
US4644218A (en) * 1981-06-16 1987-02-17 Kirkhouse Jet Plug Pty. Ltd. Spark plug with pre-combustion chamber and venturi passage
EP0071577A1 (fr) * 1981-07-30 1983-02-09 ESPADA ANSTALT, Universal Marketing Bougie d'allumage
DE8908502U1 (de) * 1988-07-14 1989-09-07 Park, Tae Hak, Suweonsi, Gyeong-gi do Zündkerze für Verbrennungsmotoren
US4930473A (en) * 1988-12-09 1990-06-05 Texas Ignitors Company, Inc. Swirl chamber and spark plug assembly
US5998912A (en) * 1996-01-16 1999-12-07 Schwab; Joseph P. Spark plug
JP3075528B2 (ja) * 1998-09-22 2000-08-14 日本特殊陶業株式会社 スパークプラグ及び内燃機関用点火システム
AU5929199A (en) * 1998-09-29 2000-04-17 Jakub Isakovic Up-graded device and the combustion mixture ignition process
DE10257995B4 (de) * 2002-04-09 2011-03-24 Robert Bosch Gmbh Zündkerze
US7150252B2 (en) * 2005-03-23 2006-12-19 Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. Spark plug and internal combustion engine equipped with the spark plug

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2006061468A1 (fr) 2006-06-15
ATE390744T1 (de) 2008-04-15
DE602005005716T2 (de) 2009-04-16
FR2879365B1 (fr) 2008-08-08
FR2879365A1 (fr) 2006-06-16
US20070256656A1 (en) 2007-11-08
EP1825580A1 (fr) 2007-08-29
DE602005005716D1 (de) 2008-05-08

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
JP4412290B2 (ja) ガス燃料内燃機関
JP4698471B2 (ja) エンジン
CN2908805Y (zh) 燃气内燃机预燃室及其供气装置
FR2525275A1 (fr) Moteur a combustion interne a allumage par flamme
EP1825580B1 (fr) Dispositif pour améliorer le rendement d'une bougie pour moteur à combustion interne, deux ou quatre temps
CN101364709B (zh) 多点点火装置
JP2010265835A (ja) 副室式エンジン
JP2007255313A (ja) 副室式エンジン
JP4368028B2 (ja) トーチ点火式エンジン
JP6013295B2 (ja) ガスエンジン及びガスエンジンにおけるプラグカバーの設計方法
CN204827700U (zh) 一种发动机活塞
FR3071879A1 (fr) Moteur a combustion interne a deux soupapes
JP2004278428A (ja) ディーゼルエンジン及びその運転方法
FR2820781A3 (fr) Cylindre de moteur a deux temps
JP2017145817A (ja) 点火構造体を備えた内燃機関
WO1988000649A1 (fr) Dispositif d'admission d'eau pour moteurs a combustion interne
JP2000257431A (ja) 副室式ガス機関
FR2745848A1 (fr) Moteur a combustion interne a deux temps et a allumage par etincelles, equipe d'un dispositif de commande de combustion
CN2529086Y (zh) 射流式燃气灶具炉头
FR3034137A1 (fr) Moteur a combustion interne a injection directe de carburant a bas transfert thermique, notamment pour vehicule automobile.
CN205477909U (zh) 二次喷油发动机
RU106048U1 (ru) Свеча зажигания для двигателей внутреннего сгорания
CH333656A (fr) Procédé de fonctionnement d'un moteur à combustion interne à piston et moteur pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé
KR20110126873A (ko) 불꽃점화형 내연기관의 연소실 구조체
BE351871A (fr)

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20070608

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

DAX Request for extension of the european patent (deleted)
AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: NOT ENGLISH

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: LANGUAGE OF EP DOCUMENT: FRENCH

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 602005005716

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 20080508

Kind code of ref document: P

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20080326

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20080326

NLV1 Nl: lapsed or annulled due to failure to fulfill the requirements of art. 29p and 29m of the patents act
PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: PL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20080326

Ref country code: SI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20080326

Ref country code: LV

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20080326

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FD4D

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CZ

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20080326

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20080707

Ref country code: PT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20080901

Ref country code: SK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20080326

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20080626

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: RO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20080326

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20080326

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20080726

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20080326

Ref country code: DK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20080326

Ref country code: IE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20080326

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20081230

BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: JAKOBSEN, YNGVE

Effective date: 20081031

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: EE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20080326

Ref country code: BG

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20080626

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CY

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20080326

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20081031

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: HU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20080927

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20081017

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: TR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20080326

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20080627

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20091031

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20091031

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20141014

Year of fee payment: 10

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20141028

Year of fee payment: 10

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20141015

Year of fee payment: 10

Ref country code: MC

Payment date: 20141028

Year of fee payment: 10

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Payment date: 20141014

Year of fee payment: 10

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R119

Ref document number: 602005005716

Country of ref document: DE

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20151017

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MC

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20151102

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20151017

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20160503

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20151017

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

Effective date: 20160630

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20151102