EP1815118B1 - Vorrichtung und verfahren zur bestimmung der von einem dieselmotor eines kraftfahrzeuges ausgestossenen nox-menge und diagnose- sowie motorverwaltungssystem mit einer derartigen vorrichtung - Google Patents

Vorrichtung und verfahren zur bestimmung der von einem dieselmotor eines kraftfahrzeuges ausgestossenen nox-menge und diagnose- sowie motorverwaltungssystem mit einer derartigen vorrichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1815118B1
EP1815118B1 EP05822931A EP05822931A EP1815118B1 EP 1815118 B1 EP1815118 B1 EP 1815118B1 EP 05822931 A EP05822931 A EP 05822931A EP 05822931 A EP05822931 A EP 05822931A EP 1815118 B1 EP1815118 B1 EP 1815118B1
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Prior art keywords
cylinder
mixture
determining
admitted
nox
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1815118A1 (de
Inventor
David Gimbres
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PSA Automobiles SA
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Peugeot Citroen Automobiles SA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D35/00—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02D35/02—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions
    • F02D35/023—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions by determining the cylinder pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D35/00—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02D35/02—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions
    • F02D35/025—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions by determining temperatures inside the cylinder, e.g. combustion temperatures
    • F02D35/026—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions by determining temperatures inside the cylinder, e.g. combustion temperatures using an estimation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
    • F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/027—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/0275—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus the exhaust gas treating apparatus being a NOx trap or adsorbent
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
    • F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
    • F02D41/146—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an NOx content or concentration
    • F02D41/1461—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an NOx content or concentration of the exhaust gases emitted by the engine
    • F02D41/1462—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an NOx content or concentration of the exhaust gases emitted by the engine with determination means using an estimation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for determining the amount of NOx emitted by a motor vehicle diesel engine associated with common rail fuel supply means for the cylinders thereof, of the type comprising means for acquiring the fuel. pressure in at least one cylinder of the engine and means for determining the oxygen mass fraction of the mixture admitted into the cylinder.
  • the invention also relates to systems for diagnosing and monitoring the operation of the engine using such a device.
  • the amount of nitrogen oxides, or NOx, emitted by a diesel engine is an important factor in the operation thereof.
  • the emission of NOx which are polluting molecules, must be minimized.
  • the amount of fuel and the air flow injected into the cylinders are determined to minimize the formation of NOx during the combustion of the mixture in the cylinders.
  • the engine is also generally associated with depollution means arranged in the exhaust line thereof, such as for example a NOx trap, and the operation of the engine is then controlled to optimize the operation of the pollution control means.
  • the engine can thus be controlled according to several modes of operation by changing the quantities of fuel and air injected into the cylinders. For example, the engine can run in rich mode for regeneration of the NOx trap.
  • a bad adjustment of the engine due for example to the aging of the injectors and / or the cylinders, has the effect of increasing the emission of NOx.
  • the amount of NOx emitted by a diesel engine is representative of the state of operation of the engine.
  • Devices for determining the amount of NOx emitted by a motor vehicle diesel engine associated with common roll feed means thereof use the engine control values to determine the amount of NOx emitted, such as example of injection maps, and / or air flow EGR maps if the engine is associated with an exhaust gas recirculation loop (EGR).
  • EGR exhaust gas recirculation loop
  • the characteristics of the engine evolve over time due to the aging of its organs, such as its injectors and cylinders.
  • the amount of NOx determined can be highly erroneous.
  • the object of the present invention is to solve the aforementioned problem by proposing a device for determining the amount of NOx emitted by a diesel engine which is precise, low in computation time and which determines in real time the amount of NOx emitted by engine.
  • the subject of the invention is also a system for diagnosing malfunction of a motor vehicle diesel engine, characterized in that it comprises a device of the aforementioned type, means for comparing the quantity of NOx emitted at a predetermined threshold and means for triggering an alarm when the amount of NOx is greater than this threshold.
  • the invention also relates to a system for controlling the operation of a motor vehicle diesel engine associated with NOx depollution means arranged in an exhaust line thereof, characterized in that it comprises a device of the aforementioned type, means for calculating the amount of NOx stored in the depollution means as a function of the amount of NOx determined by the device and control means, as a function of the amount of NOx stored, of the operation of the engine for pilot the operation of the means of depollution.
  • the invention also relates to a system for controlling the operation of a motor vehicle diesel engine, characterized in that it comprises a device of the aforementioned type and adjustment means adapted to adjust the operation of the supply means according to the quantity of NOx emitted determined to correct drifts of the operation thereof.
  • this system is characterized in that the engine is associated with means for recirculating part of the exhaust gas at the inlet thereof, and in that the adjustment means are furthermore adapted to adjust the operation of the recirculation means as a function of the quantity of NOx emitted determined, to correct drifts of the operation of the supply means and / or recirculation.
  • a diesel engine 10 of a motor vehicle is associated with means 12 with common rail for supplying fuel to its cylinders, for example comprising a common supply rail delivering fuel under high pressure to controlled injectors suitable for injection into the engine 10 engine cylinders in the form of multiple injections for example.
  • the engine 10 is also associated with a loop 14 for recirculating part of the exhaust gas, or EGR, at the inlet thereof.
  • the recirculation loop 14 comprises a bypass line 16 of an exhaust line 18 of the engine 10.
  • This bypass line 16 is capable of taking exhaust gases at the outlet of the engine 10 and delivering them to means 20 for admitting air / exhaust gas mixture at the inlet of the Engine 10.
  • These intake means 20 also receive air from an air inlet 22 and deliver to the engine 10 an air / exhaust gas mixture.
  • means 24 of pollution control are arranged in the exhaust line 18.
  • the means 24 of depollution comprise by for example a NOx trap adapted to store NOx and destock them in a non-polluting form for their discharge into the atmosphere.
  • the unit 30 is connected to means 32 for acquiring (i) the pressure in each cylinder of the engine, comprising for example a piezoelectric deformation sensor arranged in the cylinder head adapted to measure the pressure of the combustion chamber of the (ii) the engine speed, comprising for example a speed sensor, (iii) the desired engine torque by the driver of the vehicle, comprising, for example, a sensor of the position of the accelerator pedal of the vehicle, and iv) the motor angle, comprising for example a hall effect sensor arranged on the motor shaft.
  • the pressure in each cylinder of the engine comprising for example a piezoelectric deformation sensor arranged in the cylinder head adapted to measure the pressure of the combustion chamber of the (ii) the engine speed, comprising for example a speed sensor, (iii) the desired engine torque by the driver of the vehicle, comprising, for example, a sensor of the position of the accelerator pedal of the vehicle, and iv) the motor angle, comprising for example a hall effect sensor arranged on the motor shaft
  • the unit 30 is also connected to means 34 for acquiring the air flow at the engine inlet, for example a flow meter arranged in the air inlet 22 of the intake means 20.
  • the unit 30 is adapted to determine injection instructions for the feed means 12, in particular a pilot injection set point and a main injection set point for each cylinder and for each engine cycle, as a function of the speed, the torque and the crankshaft angle of the cylinder, the latter being determined by the unit 30 as a function of the engine angle acquired.
  • the unit 30 also determines, for the engine cycle, an airflow EGR setpoint for the intake means 20 as a function of the speed, the torque and the crankshaft angle of the cylinder.
  • the unit 30 is also adapted to implement a strategy for controlling the operation of the means 24 of depollution in controlling the phasing and / or the quantity of fuel injected into the cylinders in order to control the storage / retrieval states of the depollution means 24.
  • the engine 10 is associated with a device according to the invention for determining the amount of NOx emitted by it.
  • This device determines such an amount based on the amount of admixture burned into the combustion chamber of each cylinder during the propagation therein of a flame front, the admitted mixture in a cylinder being defined as the sum quantities of fresh air, exhaust gas and fuel admitted into the cylinder.
  • this device is implemented by a subunit 36 of the unit 30.
  • the device can also be implemented by a dedicated information processing unit.
  • the amount of NOx emitted by the engine is determined according to a chemical model of the production of NOx during the combustion of the mixture admitted into a cylinder of the engine.
  • This model has the variable oxygen mass fraction XO 2 of the mixture admitted into the cylinder, the instantaneous mass MCB of fuel burned in the cylinder, the pressure P in the cylinder and a theoretical temperature Tad of the flame front propagating in the chamber. the combustion of the cylinder, and preferably, a theoretical adiabatic temperature of the flame front, as will be explained in more detail later.
  • the device for determining the amount of NOx emitted by the engine 10 comprises means 50 for determining the oxygen mass fraction XO 2 of the admitted mixture to be burned in the cylinder during a motor cycle. These means 50 receive as input the acquired airflow DA and the TEGR rate of recycled exhaust gas at the engine inlet.
  • the TEGR rate of the recycled exhaust gas is determined by the unit 30 as a function of the airflow DA acquired and the operating point of the motor, for example from a predetermined map stored in the unit 30.
  • the means 50 also receive the total amount MCI of fuel injected into the cylinder for the engine cycle and are adapted to determine the richness of the mixture admitted according to it, as is known per se.
  • This MCI quantity is determined by the unit 30 as a function of the injection instructions delivered to the supply means 12, for example by summing up the quantities of fuel injected into the cylinder for the engine cycle.
  • the means 50 for determining the oxygen mass fraction XO 2 of the mixture determine it as a function of the richness of the admitted mixture and the TEGR rate determined on the basis of a combustion balance of the admitted mixture, the mass fraction of the mixture.
  • oxygen XO 2 admitted being classically directly proportional to the richness and the rate of EGR, as is known per se in the state of the art
  • the device according to the invention also comprises means 52 for determining the instantaneous quantity MCB of fuel burned in the cylinder during the engine cycle.
  • This quantity of heat dQ determined is delivered to means 56 for determining the amount of fuel burned corresponding.
  • the means 56 are able to determine this amount of fuel by dividing the amount of heat dQ by the value of the mass energy content of the fuel used in the engine, or PCI for lower heat potential (in J / kg).
  • the value PCI is for example mapped in the means 56.
  • the device according to the invention also comprises means 58 for determining the temperature T nb of the admitted unburnt mixture at a moment after the start of the combustion of the mixture in the cylinder.
  • This temperature T nb of the admitted unburned mixture is calculated by making a hypothesis of isentropic compression of the admitted unburned mixture since a moment before the start of the combustion.
  • This temperature T nb of the admitted unburned mixture is then used for the determination of the theoretical adiabatic temperature T ad of the flame front propagating inside the combustion chamber of the cylinder, as will be explained in more detail later. .
  • the means 58 for determining the temperature T nb comprise means 60 for determining the number of moles n of the admitted mixture present in the combustion chamber of the cylinder before the start of the combustion as a function of the air flow DA acquired, the rate TEGR of recycled exhaust gas at the engine inlet and the total amount of fuel injected MCI into the cylinder.
  • the number n of moles is then delivered to means 62 for determining the temperature admitted mixture at a predetermined time before the start of combustion in the cylinder, for example corresponding to a crankshaft angle ⁇ 0 included in the crankshaft angle range [-60 °; -20 °] before the top dead center (TDC) of the cylinder cycle.
  • the detection of the instant of the start of combustion of the mixture is carried out by means 64 for comparing the instantaneous quantity dQ of heat released by the combustion of the admitted mixture, determined by the means 54, at a predetermined threshold.
  • V 0 and P 0 are for example stored in the means 62 following the last acquisition of the pressure P in the cylinder for the crankshaft angle ⁇ 0 included in the range of crankshaft angles [-60 ° ; - 20 °] before the top dead center of the cylinder cycle, the crankshaft angle ⁇ 0 corresponding to the volume V 0 of the combustion chamber of the cylinder.
  • Temperature and the pressure P 0 before the start of combustion are delivered as a temperature and a reference pressure to means 66 for determining the temperature T nb of the admitted unburned mixture during the combustion, that is to say during the propagation of the flame front in the cylinder combustion chamber.
  • the means 66 determine the temperature T nb continuously for a period of time corresponding to the combustion of the mixture admitted into the cylinder. This period corresponds for example to the range of crank angle [0; 120 °] after TDC if the engine load is partial or the range [-15; 120 °] with respect to the TDC if the engine load is substantially maximum.
  • the determined temperature T nb is delivered to means 68 for determining the adiabatic temperature T ad of the flame front during the combustion of the mixture admitted into the combustion chamber of the cylinder.
  • H initial ( P , T nb , XO 2 ) H final P ⁇ T ad ⁇ XO 2
  • H initial is the enthalpy of the admitted mixture before the combustion start time of the latter
  • final H is the admitted enthalpy of the flue gases resulting from the combustion of the mixture admitted by the flame front.
  • the correlation between the adiabatic temperature determined according to equation (5) and an adiabatic temperature determined from a complex model thereof based on equation (4) has a correlation coefficient R 2 substantially equal to 99.43. %.
  • the means 68 determine the ad adabatic temperature of the flame front in a simple and inexpensive way in computing time, while determining it reliably.
  • the device comprises means 70 for calculating the instantaneous quantity of NOx emitted by the combustion of the mixture admitted into the cylinder as a function of the pressure P in it, of the adiabatic temperature T ad of the front of the cylinder. flame, .of the oxygen mass fraction XO 2 of the mixture and the instantaneous mass MCB of burned fuel.
  • Q NOx is the instantaneous amount of NOx emitted from the combustion of the admixture admitted into the cylinder in grams per kilogram of fuel injected into the cylinder per crankshaft degree
  • b, c and d are predetermined parameters.
  • the instantaneous quantity NO x of NOx produced during the combustion of the mixture in the cylinder is therefore substantially equal to that emitted by the engine 10.
  • the figure 3 is a flowchart of the operation of the device for determining the amount of NOx emitted by the motor just described.
  • the operation consists of 50 to select the reference i of the cylinder in which the next combustion mixture takes place.
  • the total fuel mass MCI, the air flow DA and the EGR rate injected TEGR in this cylinder i are determined.
  • a next step 54 then consists in determining, as a function of the values determined at 52, the richness of the admitted mixture and then the oxygen mass fraction XO 2 of the mixture admitted into the cylinder i.
  • the operation of the device according to the invention then consists in determining the instantaneous quantity of heat released by the combustion of the mixture admitted into cylinder i according to equation (1) and comparing it, at 58, with the value detection threshold of the instant of start of combustion of the mixture.
  • process 58 loops on step 56.
  • a subsequent step 60 of the operation is a temperature determination step mixing at the predetermined time before the start of combustion thereof according to the relation- (2).
  • Step 60 is then followed by a step 62 of determining the temperature T nb of the admitted unburned mixture at a moment after the start of combustion according to equation (3).
  • Step 62 is continued by determining the adiabatic temperature T ad of the flame front according to relation (5) as a function of the temperature T nb of the admitted unburned mixture, of the oxygen mass fraction XO 2 of the mixture, and the pressure P of the cylinder i if the relation (6) or the relation (7) is used.
  • the instantaneous mass MCB of fuel burned in the cylinder i is then determined at 64 as a function of the amount of heat determined previously, as described above.
  • step 66 determining the instantaneous quantity NO x of NOx emitted by the combustion of the mixture in the cylinder i according to equation (8).
  • a test is carried out at 68 to know if the combustion of the mixture in the cylinder i is complete, for example by testing whether the instantaneous quantity of heat dQ determined is less than a second predetermined threshold value.
  • step 68 then loops on step 50 for the choice of a new cylinder i.
  • Step 70 then loops on step 62 for the determination of a new instantaneous quantity NOx of NOx emitted by the combustion of the mixture in the cylinder i at a moment following the combustion, by the implementation of the steps 62 , 64 and 66.
  • the device according to the invention implements a determination algorithm requiring a small sum of calculations, while allowing the determination of the amount of NOx emitted by the engine in real time and instantaneously, that is to say including at each moment of the combustion phase of the cylinder.
  • the device comprises a chain for acquiring the pressure in a single cylinder of the engine and the device is able to determine the quantity of NOx emitted by the combustion of the mixture admitted into this cylinder and to multiply the amount of NOx determined by the number of cylinders of the engine to obtain the total amount of NOx emitted by the engine.
  • the device comprises a pressure acquisition chain in any number of cylinders of the engine, and is able to determine the amount of NOx emitted by these systems and to multiply the latter by NOT not , where N is the number of cylinders of the engine, in order to obtain the total amount of NOx emitted by the engine.
  • the figure 4 illustrates the accuracy of the determination of the amount of NOx emitted the engine implemented by the device according to the invention.
  • the amount of NOx determined using a model. complex physical production of NOx, and the ordinate corresponding amounts obtained by the device according to the invention.
  • the device according to the invention thus makes it possible in a simple way to obtain an important precision for a large operating range of the engine.
  • a first system is a system for diagnosing the malfunction of the engine 10. In fact, if the emission of NOx is abnormally high, a malfunction of the engine 10 can be diagnosed.
  • the diagnostic system comprises for this purpose a device according to the invention which delivers the instantaneous amount of NOx emitted by the engine to means for comparing it to a predetermined threshold.
  • Means for triggering an alarm receive the results of this comparison and trigger an alarm, for example the activation of an indicator light arranged on the dashboard of the vehicle, when the amount of NOx determined is greater than this threshold.
  • Such a system comprises for example a device for determining the amount of NOx emitted by the engine according to the invention delivering this amount to means for calculating the amount of NOx stored in the means 24 of depollution according to it .
  • the quantity of stored NOx determined is then delivered to means for comparing it to first and second predetermined thresholds.
  • Means for triggering the regeneration of the depollution means 24 receive the result of this comparison and trigger the operation of the engine 10 in the regeneration mode of the depollution means 24 when the amount of NOx stored therein is greater than first threshold, and disable such a mode of operation of the engine 10 when the amount of NOx stored is less than the second threshold.
  • the regeneration of the depollution means is then triggered according to information that remains relevant throughout the life of the vehicle.
  • the operation of the engine associated with the control of the means 24 of depollution is then optimized.
  • a system for controlling the operation of the motor 10 comprising the device according to the invention and means for adjusting the operation of the means 12 for supplying the motor 10.
  • the adjustment means are adapted to adjust the operation of the power supply means 12 as a function of the amount of NOx emitted determined by the device in order to correct drifts in the operation thereof.
  • the means for adjusting the feed means 12 are adapted to adjust the phasing and / or the quantities of fuel injected into the cylinders to minimize the emission of NOx by the engine 10.
  • the adjustment means may also be adapted to regulate the operation of the recirculation loop 14 as a function of the amount of NOx emitted by the engine 10 to correct drifts in the operation of the supply means 12 and / or the recirculation loop 14 so as to also to minimize NOx emission.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Claims (21)

  1. Vorrichtung zum Bestimmen der NOx-Menge, die von einem Kraftfahrzeug-Dieselmotor (10) emittiert wird, dem Mittel (12) zur gemeinsamen Versorgung seiner Zylinder mit Kraftstoff zugeordnet sind, die vom Typ mit Mitteln (32) für die Erfassung des Drucks in wenigstens einem Zylinder des Motors und mit Mitteln (50) zum Bestimmen des Massenanteils von Sauerstoff in dem dem Zylinder zugeführten Gemisch ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie umfasst:
    - Mittel (58, 68) zum Bestimmen einer Flammenfront-Temperatur bei der Verbrennung des dem Zylinder zugeführten Gemisches;
    - Mittel (52) zum Bestimmen der Masse des in dem Zylinder verbrannten Kraftstoffs; und
    - Mittel (70) zum Berechnen der NOx-Menge, die durch die Verbrennung des Gemisches im Zylinder emittiert wird, in Abhängigkeit von dem erfassten Druck, dem erfassten Massenanteil von Sauerstoff des Gemisches, der Flammenfront-Temperatur und der Masse des verbrannten Kraftstoffs, die bestimmt worden sind.
  2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel (52) zum Bestimmen der Masse des im Zylinder verbrannten Kraftstoffs Mittel (54) zum Bestimmen der momentanen Wärmemenge, die bei der Verbrennung des dem Zylinder zugeführten Gemisches freigesetzt wird, und Mittel (56) zum Bestimmen der momentanen Masse des in den Zylindern verbrannten Kraftstoffs in Abhängigkeit von dieser Letzteren und vom Wärmepotential des in den Zylinder eingespritzten Kraftstoffs umfassen.
  3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel (54) zum Bestimmen der momentanen Menge der bei der Verbrennung des Gemisches freigesetzten Wärme so ausgelegt sind, dass sie diese anhand des ersten Hauptsatzes der Thermodynamik in Abhängigkeit vom Kurbelwinkel des Zylinders und vom Druck in diesem Zylinder bestimmen.
  4. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel (58, 68) zum Bestimmen der Flammenfront-Temperatur Mittel (58) zum Bestimmen der Temperatur des während der Verbrennung nicht verbrannten zugeführten Gemisches und Mittel (68) zum Bestimmen der Flammenfront-Temperatur in dem Zylinder in Abhängigkeit von dieser Temperatur des nicht verbrannten zugeführten Gemisches umfassen.
  5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel (58) zum Bestimmen der Temperatur des während der Verbrennung nicht verbrannten zugeführten Gemisches ausgelegt sind, um diese anhand eines thermodynamischen Modells bei isentropischer Kompression gemäß der folgenden Beziehung zu bestimmen: T nb = T 0 nb ⁢ P nb R 0 k k - 1
    Figure imgb0040
    wobei Tnb und Pnb die Temperatur des nicht verbrannten zugeführten Gemisches bzw. der entsprechende Druck in dem Zylinder während der Verbrennung des Gemisches sind, T0 nb und P0 eine Referenztemperatur bzw. ein Referenzdruck des dem Zylinder zugeführten Gemisches zu einem vorgegebenen Zeitpunkt vor dem Beginn der Verbrennung des zugeführten Gemisches sind und k ein vorgegebener polytroper Koeffizient ist.
  6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie Mittel (54) zum Bestimmen der momentanen freigesetzten Wärmemenge bei der Verbrennung des dem Zylinder zugeführten Gemisches und Mittel (54) zum Bestimmen des Zeitpunkts des Beginns der Verbrennung des zugeführten Gemisches, die die bestimmte momentane Wärmemenge mit einem vorgegebenen Schwellenwert vergleichen und den Zeitpunkt des Beginns der Verbrennung bestimmen können, wenn die bestimmte momentane Wärmemenge größer als der Schwellenwert ist, umfasst.
  7. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel (58) zum Bestimmen der Temperatur des zugeführten Gemisches während der Verbrennung umfassen:
    - Mittel (60) zum Bestimmen der Molzahl des dem Zylinder zugeführten Gemisches; und
    - Mittel (62) zum Bestimmen der Referenztemperatur T0 nb anhand eines thermodynamischen Modells des zugeführten Gemisches in Abhängigkeit von der Molzahl des zugeführten Gemisches und vom Druck P0 in den Zylindern zu einem vorgegebenen Zeitpunkt vor dem Beginn der Verbrennung.
  8. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel (62) zum Bestimmen der Referenztemperatur T0 nb ausgelegt sind, um diese gemäß der folgenden Beziehung zu bestimmen: T 0 nb = P 0 × V 0 n × R
    Figure imgb0041
  9. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel (58, 68) zum Bestimmen der Flammenfront-Temperatur ausgelegt sind, um eine theoretische adiabatische Flammenfront-Temperatur zu bestimmen.
  10. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 8 und Anspruch 9 zusammengenommen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel (68) zum Bestimmen der adiabatischen Temperatur der Flammenfront ausgelegt sind, um diese anhand eines thermodynamischen Modells der Aufrechterhaltung der Enthalpie der Reaktanten und der Verbrennungsprodukte des dem Zylinder zugeführten Gemisches in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur des während der Verbrennung nicht verbrannten zugeführten Gemisches und dem Massenanteil von Sauerstoff des Gemisches zu bestimmen.
  11. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das thermodynamische Modell zur Aufrechterhaltung der Enthalpie ein Polynommodell erster oder zweiter Ordnung ist.
  12. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Polynommodell ein Modell gemäß der folgenden Beziehung ist: T ad = c 1 + c 2 × T nb + c 3 × XO 2
    Figure imgb0042
    wobei Tad die adiabatische Temperatur der Flammenfront ist, XO2 der Massenanteil von Sauerstoff des Gemisches ist und c1, c2 und c3 vorgegebene Koeffizienten sind.
  13. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Polynommodell ein Modell gemäß der folgenden Beziehung ist: T ad = c 1 + c 2 × T nb + c 3 × XO 2 + c 4 × P
    Figure imgb0043
    wobei Tad die adiabatische Temperatur der Flammenfront ist, XO2 der Massenanteil von Sauerstoff des Gemisches ist, P der Druck im Zylinder ist und c1, c2, c3 und c4 vorgegebene Koeffizienten sind.
  14. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Polynommodell ein Modell gemäß der folgenden Beziehung ist: T ad = c 1 + c 2 × T nb + c 3 × XO 2 + c 4 × P + c 5 × XO 2 2
    Figure imgb0044
    wobei Tad die adiabatische Temperatur der Flammenfront ist, XO2 der Massenanteil von Sauerstoff des Gemisches ist, P der Druck im Zylinder ist und c1, c2 c3, c4 und c5 vorgegebene Koeffizienten sind.
  15. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel (70) zum Bestimmen der NOX-Menge, die durch die Verbrennung des dem Zylinder zugeführten Gemisches emittiert wird, ausgelegt sind, um diese anhand eines chemischen Modells der NOx-Produktion bei der Verbrennung des Gemisches im Zylinder zu bestimmen.
  16. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 15 und Anspruch 9 zusammengenommen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das chemische Modell ein Modell gemäß der folgenden Beziehung ist: Q NOx = ln ( P ) + 1 b × XO 2 × exp ( T ad - c d × XO 2 ) × MCB MCI
    Figure imgb0045
    wobei QNOx die momentane NOx-Menge, die vom Motor emittiert wird, ist, P der Druck im Zylinder ist, Tad die adiabatische Temperatur der Flammenfront im Zylinder ist, XO2 der Massenanteil von Sauerstoff des dem Zylinder zugeführten Gemisches ist, MCB die momentane Masse des im Zylinder verbrannten Kraftstoffs ist, MCI die Masse des in den Zylinder eingespritzten Kraftstoffs ist und b, c und d vorgegebene Parameter sind.
  17. System für die Diagnose der Fehlfunktion eines Kraftfahrzeug-Dieselmotors, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es eine Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, Mittel zum Vergleichen der emittierten NOx-Menge mit einem vorgegebenen Schwellenwert und Mittel zum Auslösen eines Alarms, wenn die NOx-Menge größer als dieser Schwellenwert ist, umfasst.
  18. System für die Steuerung der Funktion eines Kraftfahrzeug-Dieselmotors, dem NOx-Reinigungsmittel zugeordnet sind, die in einer Abgasleitung des Motors angeordnet sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es eine Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 16, Mittel zum Berechnen der NOx-Menge, die in den Reinigungsmitteln in Abhängigkeit von der durch die Vorrichtung bestimmten NOx-Menge gespeichert ist, und Mittel zum Steuern der Funktion des Motors in Abhängigkeit von der gespeicherten NOx-Menge, um die Funktion der Reinigungsmittel zu steuern, umfasst.
  19. System für die Steuerung der Funktion eines Kraftfahrzeug-Dieselmotors, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es eine Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 16 und Regelungsmittel, die ausgelegt sind, um die Funktion der Versorgungsmittel in Abhängigkeit von der bestimmten emittierten NOx-Menge zu regeln, um Abweichungen ihrer Funktion zu korrigieren, umfasst.
  20. System nach Anspruch 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dem Motor Mittel zum Zurückführen eines Teils der Abgase in seinen Eingang zugeordnet sind und dass die Regelungsmittel außerdem ausgelegt sind, um die Funktion der Rückführungsmittel in Abhängigkeit von der bestimmten emittierten NOx-Menge zu regeln, um Abweichungen der Funktion der Versorgungs- und/oder Rückführungsmittel zu korrigieren.
  21. Verfahren zum Bestimmen der NOx-Menge, die von einem Kraftfahrzeug-Dieselmotor (10) emittiert wird, der Mittel (12) zur gemeinsamen Versorgung seiner Zylinder mit Kraftstoff enthält, des Typs mit einem Schritt des Erfassens des Drucks in wenigstens einem Zylinder des Motors und mit einem Schritt (54) des Bestimmens des Massenanteils von Sauerstoff des dem Zylinder zugeführten Gemisches, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es die folgenden Schritte umfasst:
    - Bestimmen (bei 62) der Flammenfront-Temperatur bei der Verbrennung des dem Zylinder zugeführten Gemisches;
    - Bestimmen (bei 64) der Masse des im Zylinder verbrannten Kraftstoffs; und
    - Berechnen (bei 66) der NOx-Menge, die durch die Verbrennung des Gemisches im Zylinder emittiert wird, in Abhängigkeit von dem erfassten Druck, dem erfassten Massenanteil von Sauerstoff in dem Gemisch, der Flammenfront-Temperatur und der Masse des verbrannten Kraftstoffs, die bestimmt worden sind.
EP05822931A 2004-11-26 2005-11-25 Vorrichtung und verfahren zur bestimmung der von einem dieselmotor eines kraftfahrzeuges ausgestossenen nox-menge und diagnose- sowie motorverwaltungssystem mit einer derartigen vorrichtung Not-in-force EP1815118B1 (de)

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FR0412597A FR2878569B1 (fr) 2004-11-26 2004-11-26 Dispositif et procede de determination de la quantite de nox emise par un moteur diesel de vehicule automobile et systemes de diagnostic et de controle de fonctionnement du moteur comprenant un tel dispositif
PCT/FR2005/002941 WO2006056702A1 (fr) 2004-11-26 2005-11-25 Dispositif et procede de determination de la quantite de nox emise par un moteur diesel de vehicule automobile et systemes de diagnostic et de controle du fonctionnement du moteur comprenant un tel dispositif.

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DE602005005849T2 (de) 2009-04-09
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