Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
  • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
  • F04B31/00—Free-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids; Systems incorporating such pumps
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
  • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
  • F04B35/00—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
  • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
  • F04B9/00—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members
  • F04B9/08—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid
  • F04B9/12—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being elastic, e.g. steam or air
  • F04B9/129—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being elastic, e.g. steam or air having plural pumping chambers
  • F04B9/131—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being elastic, e.g. steam or air having plural pumping chambers with two mechanically connected pumping members
  • F04B9/133—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being elastic, e.g. steam or air having plural pumping chambers with two mechanically connected pumping members reciprocating movement of the pumping members being obtained by a double-acting elastic-fluid motor
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
  • F25B9/06—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point using expanders
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
  • F25B2309/06—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
  • F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
  • F25B9/008—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant the refrigerant being carbon dioxide

Definitions

• the invention relates to a combined piston expander compressor with a plurality of pistons mechanically coupled by a piston rod.
• Such devices are used for example in thermodynamic links processes for coupling relaxation and compression of refrigerants in a cycle.
• Combined piston expander compressors are particularly advantageously used for the refrigerant carbon dioxide.
• Refrigeration systems or heat pumps with the refrigerant carbon dioxide are preferably carried out with several work-performing expansion steps, the energy is used to compress the carbon dioxide to a higher pressure.
• a piston expansion machine is known from DE 102 42 271 B3, which discloses the free piston principle for a thermodynamic left-hand process with work-performing expansion of the refrigerant.
• the energy for compressing the refrigerant to the high-pressure stage is generated by the work-performing depressions of several expanders.
• the pistons of the piston expansion machine and the high-pressure compressor are mechanically coupled to a common piston rod.
• the compression stage is preferably carried out in two stages, wherein the compressor of the low-pressure stage compresses the refrigerant to medium pressure and the subsequent compression to high pressure is carried out by the working expansion by means of the coupled piston expansion machine.
• the known devices have the disadvantage that the Manufacturing tolerances in a plurality of piston arranged on a piston rod and the associated, required for controlling main and auxiliary slides must be very low to allow the proper functioning of the devices.
• the high demands on the manufacturing quality lead to exceptionally high costs and also to very difficult to handle assemblies, which lead in the assembly in practice to long assembly times and rework.
• a combined piston expander compressor with a plurality of piston mechanically coupled by a piston rod and a main slide, an auxiliary slide and a control valve for controlling that the main slide is composed of a plurality of non-interconnected slide bodies.
• two outer slider body are provided, which are designed as a small piston and a large piston, being arranged between these outer valve bodies control piston with controlling edges and simple slider body.
• a pressure difference acting on the outer slider body means that the main slider automatically holds together mechanically, without mechanical connections between the individual slider bodies being required.
• a driver plate is further provided on the piston rod, which is formed as a function of the dead positions of the piston rod engaging in the auxiliary slide and this moving.
• Carrier plate is preferred as a circular concentric Spring steel plate formed. Between the auxiliary slide and the main slide a control valve is still provided. A particularly preferred embodiment of a constructive nature can be achieved in that cylinder cover and cylinder housing are alternately provided and finally a driver housing, which are held together by tie rods. Seals, in particular metal seals, are provided between the adjacent components.
• the double-acting piston of the expander, the high-pressure compressor piston and arranged between the piston piston rod sleeves and the drive plate are connected by a central screw. Piston rings are preferably provided as sealing elements on the pistons and on the piston rod sleeves.
• the connection between the main spool and the expansion cylinders are designed as overflow channels in the form of bores.
• the connection between the main spool and the connectors are made as milled channels in cylinder covers or cylinder housings.
• the concept of the invention is that the construction of the main slide of a plurality of non-interconnected Schieberkörpem a device element is created, which can be made in a particularly efficient manner from individual parts, and which in the assembly piece by piece, without additional mechanical connections with each other in the Device can be used, so that no costly centering and positioning work for the assembly of the main spool are required. This results in significant cost and time savings from a manufacturing point of view.
• the expander is in multi-stage relaxation according to the invention in
• the basic idea of the invention is that a multi-part main slide is used, which however always has to be held together by corresponding pressure forces of the two outer slider bodies.
• the main spool preferably consists of three different types of spool valve, of which only the double spool, the control piston, have a controlling function.
• the outer pistons, the small piston and the large piston have different diameters for a reversal of the direction of force during reversal.
• the smaller piston is always at high pressure, the large but alternately applied with high or evaporator pressure.
• auxiliary slide which is moved shortly before reaching the dead positions of the piston rod by a driver plate.
• This is designed as a circular concentric spring steel plate and firmly connected to the piston rod.
• the inner skin slider body have so-called controlling edges and control in the dead positions, the pressurization of the working piston according to the direction of movement.
• a multi-stage full pressure principle is realized, which is characterized by a filling and pushing out over the entire stroke and the one-stage expansion control with partial filling in terms of effectiveness in no way inferior.
• the decisive advantage lies in the simple control and the better force curve with direct coupling of expander and compressor.
• Fig. 1 combined piston-expander compressor in cross-section
• Fig. 2 device according to the invention in the sectional view A - A in
• Fig. 3 exploded view of the main spool 6 with its components, small piston 6a, large piston 6b and control piston 6c and the simple valve bodies 6d
• Fig. 4 cylinder housing in cross section in the sectional configuration B - B in
• Fig. 5 cross-section of the driver housing in section C - C with respect to
• Fig. 6a Circular process in the flow diagram with one-stage relaxation
• Fig. 6b preferred cycle for the application of the combined piston-expander compressor
• Fig. 6c cycle in which a parallel relaxation is performed.
• Fig. 1 an inventive combined piston expander compressor is shown in cross section.
• the combined piston-expander compressor consists of several cylinder covers 5, cylinder housings 10 and the driver housing 11.
• the cylinders of the expansion stages are lined up according to the temperature gradient.
• the components are held together by tie rods 12. Between the housing parts are thin, soft metal seals 13.
• the pistons of Expandernicin 3 and high-pressure compressor 14, the driver plate 8 and piston rod sleeves 15 are held together by a central screw 16. All working and sliding pistons 3, 14, 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d or piston rod sleeves 15 have piston rings 17 as sealing elements. Due to the length of the bore 15 piston rings 17 are also used as sealing elements on the piston rod sleeves.
• the housing parts also numerous holes are present, which connect, for example, the driver housing 11 to the evaporator pressure po and the small piston 6a on the main slide 6 to the high pressure PH.
• the pressure ports on the auxiliary slide 7 are realized. While the transfer ports between the main spool 6 and the expansion cylinders are designed as bores through the cylinder housings 10, milled passages in the cylinder covers and cylinder housings 5, 10 serve as connection to the connector 18.
• the high pressure compressor piston 14 compresses refrigerant from medium pressure to high pressure, with the mechanical energy for the compression process is provided by the expansion of the refrigerant via the double-acting piston 3 in the individual working spaces Ei, E 2 and E 3 available.
• FIG. 2 the device according to the invention in the sectional view A - A with reference to FIG. 1 is shown in cross section.
• the main slide 6 is shown in the connection with the auxiliary slide 7 and the control valve 9.
• the flow directions of the refrigerant are exemplified at the inputs and outputs by arrows.
• the main spool 6 with its components, small piston 6a, large piston 6b and control piston 6c and the simple valve bodies 6d, is shown in an exploded view in Fig. 3.
• the slider bodies are not mechanically connected to each other according to the concept of the invention.
• the slider bodies are held together by a pressure difference between the refrigerant acting on the small piston 6a and on the large piston 6b.
• the small piston 6a is inventively always under high pressure, whereas the large piston 6b is alternately applied with evaporation pressure or high pressure.
• control pistons 6c are double-acting and have controlling edges. They are sealed just like the simple slider body 6d with piston rings 17. Depending on the number of expansion stages, a number of control pistons 6c are provided between which simple slide bodies 6d are arranged in each case. At the outer ends of the control piston or the main spool is limited by the small piston 6a and the large piston 6b.
• This embodiment is particularly advantageous because the individual control pistons 6c are constructed identically, and also the simple ones Slider body 6d are each of identical design, which reduces the manufacturing cost of the device task.
• the small piston 6a and the simple slider body 6d are structurally identical, which further reduces the cost of the device.
• the cylinder housing of the high pressure compressor is shown in cross section in the sectional configuration B-B with reference to FIG.
• the springs 1 and the automatic ball valves 2 can be seen in this illustration.
• Fig. 5 shows a cross section of the driver housing 11 in section C - C with reference to FIG. 1.
• the driver plate 8 and the auxiliary slide 7 can be seen in plan view.
• FIG. 6 a shows a cyclic process in the flow diagram, which can in principle be realized with the device according to the invention.
• Fig. 6b shows a preferred application of the combined piston / expander compressor shown in Figs. 1-5, with three stages of expansion provided and liquid separation between the second and third stages of expansion.
• most of the evaporators will be very far away from the remaining components of the refrigeration systems, which is why it is necessary to transport refrigerant near the ambient temperature with little heat input to the evaporators.
• only the liquid is passed from the separator between the second and third expansion stage to the throttle valves of the evaporator, since this can absorb the majority of heat of evaporation.
• the vapor content also has the main share of working capacity and will be in the subsequent stage work-relaxing and then cools the liquid flow from the separator.
• the connector is split between the second (E 2 ) and third (E 3 ) expansion stage and the connections are led to the outside.
• a pipe connection is installed, in the case of the embodiment according to FIG. 6b connected according to the separator.
• FIG. 6c shows a process in which a parallel relaxation is carried out, which leads to an increase in the coefficient of performance. Also for this process, the combined piston-expander compressor can be used advantageously, since the necessary working spaces in the illustrated embodiment of the invention are in principle present.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

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ID=35892222

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (5)

Families Citing this family (6)

Family Cites Families (3)

• 2004
  • 2004-11-18 DE DE102004056298A patent/DE102004056298B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2005
  • 2005-10-29 US US11/719,557 patent/US8220381B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2005-10-29 WO PCT/DE2005/001981 patent/WO2006053517A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2005-10-29 DE DE502005008560T patent/DE502005008560D1/de active Active
  • 2005-10-29 AT AT05815530T patent/ATE449299T1/de active
  • 2005-10-29 EP EP05815530A patent/EP1812759B1/fr not_active Not-in-force

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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