EP1802522B1 - Device for flanging inflatable wing with load transfer - Google Patents
Device for flanging inflatable wing with load transfer Download PDFInfo
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- EP1802522B1 EP1802522B1 EP05796005A EP05796005A EP1802522B1 EP 1802522 B1 EP1802522 B1 EP 1802522B1 EP 05796005 A EP05796005 A EP 05796005A EP 05796005 A EP05796005 A EP 05796005A EP 1802522 B1 EP1802522 B1 EP 1802522B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- wing
- lines
- pair
- traction
- load
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H8/00—Sail or rigging arrangements specially adapted for water sports boards, e.g. for windsurfing or kitesurfing
- B63H8/10—Kite-sails; Kite-wings; Control thereof; Safety means therefor
- B63H8/12—Kites with inflatable closed compartments
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H8/00—Sail or rigging arrangements specially adapted for water sports boards, e.g. for windsurfing or kitesurfing
- B63H8/10—Kite-sails; Kite-wings; Control thereof; Safety means therefor
- B63H8/16—Control arrangements, e.g. control bars or control lines
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an inflatable wing system variable lobe, and curved self-reach, particularly used for the practice of gliding airways.
- the pilot uses the force of the wind to be towed on different types of support, because it is connected to its wing by means of one or generally two pairs of lines about twenty meters in length.
- the term "self-supported curved shape” means a particular type of wing that can be precisely connected and controlled only by its ends.
- the wing thus has a shape in regular circular arcs whose ends are tangent to each other and to the lines with which they collaborate. Therefore, the aerodynamic load is distributed harmoniously over the entire arch thus formed, without the need to maintain the latter in many places by complex clamping, as is done for other types of wings of flatter shape such as for example paragliders cradles or so-called flat or semi-flat bow flanges in the form of an arc.
- the multiplicity of clamping necessary to maintain the shape of these types of wings causes ruptures of curves and unsightly pockets on the wing, also detrimental aerodynamically.
- traction lines generally have a first pair of lines, called traction lines, connected to the front ends of the wing. Furthermore, they have a second pair of lines, called steering, connected to the rear ends of the wing.
- the pilot is generally connected to the pull lines by means of a harness, and can manipulate the flight lines by means of a bar which he holds in his hands.
- a left control line is connected to the left end of the bar, and a right control line is connected to the right end of this bar.
- the lines of traction pass in the center of the bar which is arranged floating on these last ones.
- the pilot can not only act in warping to manipulate his wing to the right or to the left by further inclining the concerned side of the bar, but also vary the incidence of the wing facing the wind by manipulating the bar from top to bottom. This variation of incidence is very advantageous because it makes it possible to reduce the traction power of the wing if necessary.
- the flat shape of this type of wing is generally rounded on its front, called leading edge, and on its rear called trailing edge.
- leading edge the measurement separating the two ends of the flat wing
- trailing edge the measurement separating the two ends of the flat wing
- rope the measurement separating the leading edge of the trailing edge in a given place
- a main advantage of this type of self-bearing curved geometry, associated with an inflatable structure, is therefore to be able to maintain its original shape independently of the aerodynamic stresses exerted on it.
- a major drawback is to limit, in proportion to the height of the arch, that is to say the lobe of the wing, the possible reduction of the windward grip of the wing. Indeed, the higher this height is important, and the more the possibility of the wing to tilt backwards by releasing the steering lines, is limited. The larger the lobe of a wing, the lower its center of pivot is lowered and therefore its ability to toggle forward / back reduced accordingly.
- Any aerodynamic profile has an equilibrium center where, when held at this point, it can easily maintain an angle, called angle of incidence, optimal in the wind that faces it, ie allowing the said profile to generate the most efficient aerodynamic resultant. Any significant displacement of this point towards the front will reduce this angle of incidence, and therefore its force of levitation (biting torque). Conversely, any movement of this point towards the rear will increase this angle of incidence (trailing torque) and therefore its lift force up to a certain limit. When these two high and low limits are reached, the air streams no longer flow harmoniously along the profile which no longer generates lift ie lift.
- the average of the centers of equilibrium of the different profiles of a wing, arranged flat, at different points of its span defines the center of average equilibrium of the whole, generally located towards the third front of its median cord. This center of equilibrium thus determines the general optimum angle of incidence of the wing in flight if it is held by two points located at its ends and arranged on said axis.
- the current current arrangements of the points of attachment with regard to the balance center generally allow the pilot to provide only reduced muscular effort, steering alone and no restraint on his wing, which he could only withstand a few minutes when the wind is heavy. Moreover one can logically imagine that if front attachments and rear attachments are strictly defined at equal distance from the equilibrium axis of the wing disposed flat, the force required to maintain a given angle of incidence, beyond of the natural balance of the said wing, will also be distributed between the traction lines and the control lines.
- the axis around which the wing pivots forward or back is defined as its pitch axis, and is arranged perpendicular to the vertical, substantially towards its front ends.
- the maximum reduction in the angle of incidence of a wing, and thus its ability to minimize wind gain, is determined by the combination of height of its lobe with the more or less advanced disposition of its points of attachment of the lines of traction with regard to its axis of equilibrium.
- the pilot has released at most his two lines of control, he can not further reduce the power of his wing which is still in flight situation and therefore more or less traction.
- the entire load is generally applied to the only pair of traction lines connected to the two front attachment points, thereby limiting the displacement of said point and thus the kinking of the wing.
- this type of wing is no longer self-supported, it therefore requires a larger leading edge diameter and therefore more penalizing from the aerodynamic point of view, in order to withstand without damage the possible structural deformations in case of overload. , especially when used in strong and turbulent wind.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a self-supported curved wing, having a simplified control system allowing a sufficient reduction of the traction force to maintain controlled steering in all circumstances, especially during sudden gusts of wind.
- the clamping device is characterized in that it comprises at least one pair of charge transfer lines, which continuously support the major part of the traction force, and arranged on either side of a median plane of symmetry, being connected to the wing in a pair of delimited connecting zones, on the outside by the center 5/10 ° of the wingspan, on the inside by the center 2/10 ° of the wingspan, forwards by the leading edge, and towards the rear by the axis of equilibrium , each load transfer line cooperating at its lower end, with a junction point connected to the respective front attachment point of the wing via a secondary traction line, the assembly being arranged to distribute the tensile force between the load transfer lines and the secondary traction lines.
- the pair of charge transfer lines can be connected directly to the leading edge of said connection zones.
- the load transfer lines may also be connected to a pair of ribs extending along carrier slats to maintain the shape of the profile on the relevant portion of the wing wing.
- Such a device does not impose an additional fifth line, but instead allows the possible replacement of the two conventional traction lines in one, without causing a common loss of maneuverability of the wing.
- this simple device nevertheless allows a variation of incidence, of the profile with respect to the wind, sufficient to prevent any laminar flow of the air streams on the wing and thus to avoid any loss of control of the pilot who would otherwise undergo the acceleration uncontrolled wing. It also makes it possible to drive a conventional self-supported type wing with great safety, without impairing performance, and with the ease of use and possible implementation of only three lines, two pilot and one traction.
- a wing (1) of substantially self-supported curved shape, is provided with an inflatable structure, composed mainly of an inflatable leading edge (2), integral in particular with a central batten (3 ) as well as at least one pair of intermediate slats (11) inflatable, arranged in parallel on both sides of the central batten (3).
- an inflatable structure composed mainly of an inflatable leading edge (2), integral in particular with a central batten (3 ) as well as at least one pair of intermediate slats (11) inflatable, arranged in parallel on both sides of the central batten (3).
- junction point (12) all the elements described according to the embodiment of the figure 1 , are arranged in pairs also on both sides of a plane of symmetry (PS), also dividing the wing (1) into two symmetrical left and right parts ( Fig. 7 and 8 ).
- a pair of front attachment points (5) and rear attachment points (6) are disposed respectively at the front and rear ends of the wing.
- This pair of front attachment points (5) is used to connect the pilot via a pair of secondary traction lines (8), a pair of primary traction lines (28), and a low pull line (26) single and central.
- Two steering lines (7) left and right are respectively integral with the rear attachment points (6) left and right.
- a pair of end battens (9) is disposed at the ends of the wing between the corresponding front attachment (5) and rear attachment (6) attachment points to maintain a predetermined spacing therebetween.
- An axis (X) determines, according to the figure (7 ), the center of equilibrium means the wing (1), that is to say that two imaginary fasteners (not shown) located on either side of the wing on each end slat (9) and passing by the X axis, would maintain the wing to wind at its optimal angle of incidence (A1).
- angle of incidence is meant the angular difference (A1, A2, A3) between the rope axis (Y) of the wing and the wind direction (V).
- the piloting mode is conventional and represented at the figure 1 .
- the user is secured to the main attachment line by means of a harness attached to a hooking loop (35), and manually controls a control rod (34) at the ends of which are respectively connected the lower ends of the flight lines (7). It can thus operate a simultaneous or differential traction said steering lines, generating on the wing a twisting for turning and / or a variation of incidence for the power management, is commonly defined by a shock / lined action.
- the tertiary junction point (12) marks the divergence of the low pull line (26). This junction point is offset from the wing (1), in order to benefit from the effective simplicity of a single pull line.
- the junction point (12) can be arranged in the more or less immediate vicinity of the pilot, then imposing two primary traction lines (28) of adequate and identical lengths.
- a secondary junction point (13) secures the lower ends of a charge transfer line (15) and a secondary traction line (8).
- the upper end of the charge transfer line (15) is connected to a primary junction point (24), itself secured to a rib (25) by the lower point of its substantially triangular shape ( Fig. 9 ).
- the front tip of this triangle is reinforced by a high front attachment point (20) on the leading edge (2).
- the largest side is secured to a carrier slat (4) by means of a particular seam.
- the device according to the invention uses a primary traction line (28), the traction forces operated jointly and simultaneously by the corresponding charge transfer line (15) and the secondary traction line (8) are substantially balanced.
- This characteristic allows among other things a uniform holding of the general shape of the wing according to only a few points of attachment, as well as an effective cornering. The consequence of this equilibrium can be expressed visually by the relative equality of angles B and C ( figure 1 ) between them, according to the primary traction line (28). These characteristics would be much more difficult to obtain if the secondary traction line (8) was arranged floating or sliding, as is the case in other known devices.
- a central upper attachment point (21) is integral with a carrier slat (4).
- the point 21 is disposed substantially between the equilibrium center axis of the profile formed by the rib and the corresponding leading edge section (2).
- reinforcement attachment points are positioned forward and backward from the point of attachment (21) on the same lath (4). That is, a top attachment point (20) secured to the front wing (1), ie at its leading edge (2), and a top point (22). rear, secured to the batten (4) behind the point (21).
- a point of attachment (23) of trailing edge allows to secure the rear end of the slat (4).
- attachment points (20), (21), (22), (23) respectively receive flanges (16) front, (17) of traction, (18) back, and (19) of maintenance.
- These different flanges all meet at a primary junction point (24), preferably located between the leading edge (2) and the axis (X).
- the length of the flange (17) determines the length of all the other flanges, and therefore the distance between the junction point (24) and its projected position on the corresponding carrier slat (4).
- the relative length of all flanges is calculated to allow optimum distribution of tensile forces applied at the junction point (24) and maintain the original shape of the wing profile at that location.
- the upper end of the secondary traction line (8) is connected to a front attachment point (5).
- a median attachment point (27) is integral with the leading edge (2) and disposed substantially between the front attachment point (5) and a top attachment point (20) for reinforcing the attachment of the rib (25).
- the vertical distance separating the primary junction point (24) from the corresponding carrier slat (4) allows a homogeneous dispersion of the traction forces transmitted by the rib (25).
- the horizontal distance separating the junction point (24) from the leading edge (2) will affect the leverage force necessary to provide the pilot to taper the wing (1).
- the effort is inversely proportional to this horizontal distance. Indeed, the advance of the junction points (24) to the leading edge (2), ie their distance from the equilibrium axis (X) of the wing, will proportionally transfer part of the pulling force towards the control lines (7). Conversely, their decline will reduce this imbalance but also limit, as will be described below, the ability to over-shock the wing. It is the just effort to the steering bar, desired by each, which will predetermine the horizontal arrangement of the junction points (24), between the leading edge (2) and the axis of equilibrium (X).
- connection zones (Z) of preferential horizontal and lateral arrangements of the junction points (24) with respect to the wing (1) according to rules proportional to the span and to a vertical projection on the figure (7 ).
- the zones Z are of the same values and located on either side of the plane of symmetry (PS), each zone (Z) being determined as follows: forward by the leading edge (2), and towards the rearward by the axis (X) of equilibrium; outwardly by the outer limit of the center 5/10 ° of the wing according to the span; inwards by the outer limit of the center 2/10 ° of the wing according to the span.
- junction points (24) as well as the ribs (25) and the corresponding carrier slats (4) are arranged towards the outside of the wing, and the more the junction points (24) are found low according to the height of the lobe, resulting in a drop in the pitch axis and a geometric reduction in the ability to shock.
- FIG. 1 A wing equipped with the clamping according to the invention, front view in normal flight situation, ie lined, so that the driver takes maximum advantage of the wind force. If we imagine a virtual beam (not shown) maintaining a predetermined distance (D1) between the two front attachment points (5), the device described would have few advantages, in particular in terms of shocking, on a conventional device, where in particular only two traction lines start from the front attachment points. It is now described that in order to operate on an over-shocking of a wing, it is necessary to raise the pitch axis or to advance, virtually, the front attachment points.
- any loosening of the control lines gradually and simultaneously causes a recoil of the ends of the wing (1) rearwardly together with a rimpedement thereof vis-a-vis the other .
- (D1) represents the respective distance of the front attachment points (5) according to the figure 1 ), ie wing lined, and (D2) represents the respective distance of the front attachment points (5) according to the figure (2 ), ie shocked wing.
- This distance reduction by retreating the ends of the wing (1) backwards is accompanied by a reduction of the wind catch (P) on the said wing.
- the secondary traction lines (8) tend to bring the front attachment points (5) closer to one another. Indeed, a secondary junction point (13) being maintained by the existing voltage between a charge transfer line (15) and a primary traction line (28), it will constitute a mobile pivot around which will move a point front attachment (5) according to a segment materialized by the secondary traction line (8).
- this displacement proportionally affects the angle of incidence (A) of the wing, ie its axis of rope (Y) with respect to the axis of the wind (V).
- the figure (4 ) corresponds to a profile view of the configuration of the wing represented from the front figure 1 ).
- the figure (6 ) corresponds to a profile view of the configuration of the wing of the figure (2 ).
- An axis (T) of traction load lines represents the vertical component of the tensile forces exerted at the points (13), by all the lines supporting the load of the wing (1).
- the offset is at its maximum ( fig6 ), the angle of incidence (A3) is substantially zero, which means that the flow of the air streams is no longer laminar, and that the wing (1) is no longer able to generate a traction force likely to move his pilot to the ground.
- the front attachment point (5) tends to move around the secondary junction point (13) along the secondary traction line (8), which considerably increases the ability of the wing to twist, cause of maneuverability.
- the balanced release of the left and right flight lines (7) of the wing (1) in flight therefore causes the simultaneous displacement of the pair of front attachment points. (5), rearwardly and inward, about the pair of respective junction points (13), in two segments materialized by the pair of traction lines (8), geometrically entailing, by the mutual approximation of the attachment points (5), a rocker towards the rear of the wing on its pitch axis, or consequently a reduction of its angle of incidence (A) with respect to the wind.
- the general operating principle of the invention is the combination of a recoil movement and mutual reciprocation of the ends of the wing (1), allowing a sufficient decrease in the angle of incidence of the wing in relation to the wind to prevent its normal flight and therefore its pulling force.
- This movement is operated by the simple relaxation of the control lines (7).
- This consequence is obtained by the judicious arrangement of the load transfer lines (15) and the traction lines (8) cooperating with each other without the assistance of any pulley or sliding of any line necessary during its control. current.
- Such a device avoids any system of multiple flanges, including so-called “arched” clamps, that is to say having multiple attachment points successively taking over each other at the leading edge starting substantially from the middle of the latter and forming by this arrangement a segmented junction line substantially in the form of an arch.
- the wing according to the invention does not offer, when shocked at its maximum, a pleasant behavior and usual by the gradual setback of the air nets on his profile. It allows to be controlled serenely, but warns the pilot that the area he uses is too important given his weight and wind conditions of the moment.
- two load transfer lines (15) of suitable length join at their lower end the top end of a first low pull line (26) at a first tertiary junction point (12).
- two traction lines (8) join at their lower end, the summit end of a second low pull line (26 ") at a second tertiary junction point (12").
- the two low pull lines (26, 26 ") thus described are secured at their lower end near the pilot who has the possibility, by a voluntary maneuver on his part, to mobilize only the line (26") taking the pair charge transfer line (15). During this maneuver, the wing will be able to lie on his back as described figure 12 .
- At least one pulley or ring (32), (33) is integrated in the flanges (16), (17). This provision is used in particular in addition to the previous one.
- the device according to the variant keeps a uniform distribution of the flanges (16) and (17) on the edge of the etching (2) and lath (4), and this, whatever the angle between said load transfer line and said batten.
- a junction point (24) is movably arranged, with respect to its carrier slat, on a rail or any other mechanical device allowing forward / backward movement, said rail being itself integral with a batten (4) by means of a rib (25) or flanges (16), (17), (18), (19.
- the rail may also be slightly radiated, so as to follow the rocking movement of the wing according to the positioning of the pitch axis.
- the two load transfer lines (15) and the two traction lines (8) of suitable lengths all meet at their low ends at a single tertiary junction point (12) directly connected to the first traction line bass (26).
- This particular provision eliminates the use of the primary traction lines (28).
- the lobe line (14) connects the median attachment point with the secondary junction point (13).
- this lobe line is not intended to withstand permanent traction. When the wind is weak, it is not solicited. Beyond a certain traction force in the entire wing, the leading edge (2) tends to deform substantially in this zone between the front attachment point (5) and the point of attachment.
- the secondary junction point (13) according to the figure 1 , and the tertiary junction point (12, 12 ") according to the figure 15 or 16 are separated from the corresponding front attachment point (5) by the traction line (8), the length of which is less than the flat wingspan of the wing.
Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne un système d'aile gonflable à lobe variable, et de forme courbe auto-portée, notamment utilisée pour les pratiques des glisses aérotractées. Le pilote utilise la force du vent pour se faire tracter sur différents types de support, car il est relié à son aile au moyen d'une ou généralement deux paires de lignes d'une vingtaine de mètres de longueur environ.The present invention relates to an inflatable wing system variable lobe, and curved self-reach, particularly used for the practice of gliding airways. The pilot uses the force of the wind to be towed on different types of support, because it is connected to its wing by means of one or generally two pairs of lines about twenty meters in length.
Il est bien connu de réaliser des ailes gonflables de forme courbe auto-portée et dont les points d'attaches se situent aux extrémités de l'aile de part et d'autre, tel que le système de bridage décrit dans DE-U-203 20 389.It is well known to make inflatable curved wings self-scope and whose attachment points are at the ends of the wing on both sides, such as the clamping system described in DE-U-203 20,389.
On entend par forme courbe auto-portée, un type d'aile particulier pouvant n'être justement reliée et pilotée que par ses seules extrémités. L'aile a ainsi une forme en arcs de cercle réguliers dont les extrémités sont tangentes entre elles ainsi qu'aux lignes avec lesquelles elles collaborent. De ce fait, la charge aérodynamique se répartit harmonieusement sur l'ensemble de l'arche ainsi constituée, sans qu'il soit nécessaire de maintenir cette dernière en de multiples endroits par des bridages complexes, comme il est procédé pour d'autres types d'ailes de forme plus aplaties comme par exemple les parapentes à caissons ou les ailes à boudins dites plates ou semi-plates en forme d'arc. De plus, la multiplicité des bridages nécessaires au maintien de la forme de ces types d'ailes entraîne des ruptures de courbes et des poches disgracieuses sur la voilure, par ailleurs préjudiciables sur la plan aérodynamique.The term "self-supported curved shape" means a particular type of wing that can be precisely connected and controlled only by its ends. The wing thus has a shape in regular circular arcs whose ends are tangent to each other and to the lines with which they collaborate. Therefore, the aerodynamic load is distributed harmoniously over the entire arch thus formed, without the need to maintain the latter in many places by complex clamping, as is done for other types of wings of flatter shape such as for example paragliders cradles or so-called flat or semi-flat bow flanges in the form of an arc. In addition, the multiplicity of clamping necessary to maintain the shape of these types of wings causes ruptures of curves and unsightly pockets on the wing, also detrimental aerodynamically.
Les voiles courbes auto-portées actuelles disposent généralement d'une première paire de lignes, dites de traction, reliées aux extrémités avant de l'aile. Par ailleurs, elles disposent d'une seconde paire de lignes, dites de pilotage, reliées aux extrémités arrière de l'aile.Current self-wearing curved sails generally have a first pair of lines, called traction lines, connected to the front ends of the wing. Furthermore, they have a second pair of lines, called steering, connected to the rear ends of the wing.
Le pilote est généralement relié aux lignes de traction au moyen d'un harnais, et peut manipuler les lignes de pilotage au moyen d'une barre qu'il tient dans les mains. Une ligne de pilotage gauche est reliée à l'extrémité gauche de la barre, et une ligne de pilotage droite est reliée à l'extrémité droite de cette barre. Les lignes de traction passent au centre de la barre qui est disposée flottante sur ces dernières. Le pilote peut non seulement agir en gauchissement pour manoeuvrer son aile à droite ou à gauche en inclinant davantage le côté concerné de la barre, mais également faire varier l'incidence de l'aile face au vent en manipulant la barre de haut en bas. Cette variation d'incidence est très avantageuse car elle permet de réduire si besoin la puissance de traction de l'aile.The pilot is generally connected to the pull lines by means of a harness, and can manipulate the flight lines by means of a bar which he holds in his hands. A left control line is connected to the left end of the bar, and a right control line is connected to the right end of this bar. The lines of traction pass in the center of the bar which is arranged floating on these last ones. The pilot can not only act in warping to manipulate his wing to the right or to the left by further inclining the concerned side of the bar, but also vary the incidence of the wing facing the wind by manipulating the bar from top to bottom. This variation of incidence is very advantageous because it makes it possible to reduce the traction power of the wing if necessary.
Par ailleurs, la forme à plat de ce type de voilure est généralement arrondie sur son avant, appelé bord d'attaque, ainsi que sur son arrière appelé bord de fuite. Par convention, la mesure séparant les deux extrémités de l'aile à plat est appelée envergure, et celle séparant le bord d'attaque du bord de fuite en un endroit donné est appelée corde.Moreover, the flat shape of this type of wing is generally rounded on its front, called leading edge, and on its rear called trailing edge. By convention, the measurement separating the two ends of the flat wing is called span, and that separating the leading edge of the trailing edge in a given place is called rope.
Un avantage principal de ce type de géométrie courbe auto-portée, associé à une structure gonflable, est donc de pouvoir maintenir sa forme originelle indépendamment des contraintes aérodynamiques exercées sur elle. Par contre, un inconvénient majeur est de limiter, proportionnellement à la hauteur de l'arche, c'est à dire du lobe de l'aile, la réduction possible de la prise au vent de la voilure. En effet, plus cette hauteur est importante, et plus la possibilité de l'aile de basculer vers l'arrière en relâchant les lignes de pilotage, est limitée. Plus le lobe d'une aile est important, plus son centre de pivot est abaissé et donc sa capacité de bascule avant/arrière réduite d'autant.A main advantage of this type of self-bearing curved geometry, associated with an inflatable structure, is therefore to be able to maintain its original shape independently of the aerodynamic stresses exerted on it. On the other hand, a major drawback is to limit, in proportion to the height of the arch, that is to say the lobe of the wing, the possible reduction of the windward grip of the wing. Indeed, the higher this height is important, and the more the possibility of the wing to tilt backwards by releasing the steering lines, is limited. The larger the lobe of a wing, the lower its center of pivot is lowered and therefore its ability to toggle forward / back reduced accordingly.
En effet, il est très utile de pouvoir réduire instantanément la puissance de l'ensemble aérotracteur, par exemple lors d'une bourrasque de vent, afin que le pilote garde en permanence le contrôle de son engin, pour sa propre sécurité ou celle des tiers situés à proximité.Indeed, it is very useful to be able to instantly reduce the power of the airlift assembly, for example during a wind gust, so that the pilot keeps control of his machine, for his own safety or that of third parties located nearby.
Tout profil aérodynamique a un centre d'équilibre où, lorsqu'il est tenu en ce point, il peut facilement conserver un angle, appelé angle d'incidence, optimal dans le vent qui lui fait face, c'est à dire permettant au dit profil de générer la résultante aérodynamique la plus efficace. Tout déplacement significatif de ce point vers l'avant va réduire cet angle d'incidence, et donc sa force de sustentation (couple piqueur). Inversement, tout déplacement de ce point vers l'arrière va augmenter cet angle d'incidence (couple cabreur) et donc sa force de sustentation jusqu'à une certaine limite. Lorsque ces deux limites haute et basse sont atteintes, les filets d'air ne s'écoulent plus harmonieusement le long du profil qui ne génère plus de portance c'est à dire de sustentation.Any aerodynamic profile has an equilibrium center where, when held at this point, it can easily maintain an angle, called angle of incidence, optimal in the wind that faces it, ie allowing the said profile to generate the most efficient aerodynamic resultant. Any significant displacement of this point towards the front will reduce this angle of incidence, and therefore its force of levitation (biting torque). Conversely, any movement of this point towards the rear will increase this angle of incidence (trailing torque) and therefore its lift force up to a certain limit. When these two high and low limits are reached, the air streams no longer flow harmoniously along the profile which no longer generates lift ie lift.
La moyenne des centres d'équilibre des différents profils d'une aile, disposée à plat, en différents points de son envergure définit le centre d'équilibre moyen de l'ensemble, généralement situé vers le tiers avant de sa corde médiane. Ce centre d'équilibre détermine donc l'angle d'incidence optimal général de l'aile en vol si l'on tient celle-ci par deux points situés à ses extrémités et disposés sur le dit axe.The average of the centers of equilibrium of the different profiles of a wing, arranged flat, at different points of its span defines the center of average equilibrium of the whole, generally located towards the third front of its median cord. This center of equilibrium thus determines the general optimum angle of incidence of the wing in flight if it is held by two points located at its ends and arranged on said axis.
Si l'on figure donc ce centre d'équilibre de l'aile, disposée à plat sur le sol, par un axe, on constate que les extrémités avant de l'aile se trouvent sensiblement en avant de cet axe, alors que les extrémités arrières en sont bien plus éloignées. Ainsi, la distance séparant d'une part les extrémités avant de cet axe, et d'autre part celle séparant ledit axe des extrémités arrière va déterminer la valeur du bras de levier permettant au pilote de faire varier, en appliquant une force sur les lignes de pilotage, l'angle d'incidence de l'aile lors de son pilotage.If we therefore figure this center of balance of the wing, arranged flat on the ground, by an axis, we see that the front ends of the wing are substantially in front of this axis, while the ends rearward are far more distant. Thus, the distance separating on the one hand the front ends of this axis, and on the other hand that separating said axis from the rear ends will determine the value of the lever arm allowing the pilot to vary, by applying a force on the lines steering, the angle of incidence of the wing during its piloting.
Les dispositions actuelles courantes des points d'attache au regard du centre d'équilibre permettent généralement au pilote de ne fournir qu'un effort musculaire réduit, de pilotage seul et pas de retenue à son aile, ce qu'il ne pourrait supporter que quelques minutes lorsque le vent est conséquent. Par ailleurs on peut logiquement imaginer que si des attaches avant et des attaches arrière sont définies rigoureusement à distance égale de l'axe d'équilibre de la voilure disposée à plat, la force nécessaire pour maintenir un angle d'incidence donné, au-delà de l'équilibre naturel de la dite aile, sera également répartie entre les lignes de traction et les lignes de pilotage.The current current arrangements of the points of attachment with regard to the balance center generally allow the pilot to provide only reduced muscular effort, steering alone and no restraint on his wing, which he could only withstand a few minutes when the wind is heavy. Moreover one can logically imagine that if front attachments and rear attachments are strictly defined at equal distance from the equilibrium axis of the wing disposed flat, the force required to maintain a given angle of incidence, beyond of the natural balance of the said wing, will also be distributed between the traction lines and the control lines.
Ainsi, un déplacement simultané vers le bas des deux lignes arrière, opéré par le pilote, aura pour effet d'augmenter l'angle d'incidence entre le vent et les parties les plus portantes de l'aile, donc d'augmenter la puissance. On donne alors un couple cabreur à l'aile. A contrario, le relâchement de ces deux lignes arrière laissera seuls les points d'attache avant sous tension et diminuera donc d'autant cet angle d'incidence, jusqu'à une limite géométrique donnée par la hauteur du lobe de l'aile ; on donne alors un couple piqueur à l' aile. L'action d'accentuer la prise au vent de l'aile en appuyant sur la barre de pilotage est communément appelée le bordé, et celle de diminuer la prise au vent de l'aile en relevant la barre de pilotage est le choqué.Thus, a simultaneous downward movement of the two rear lines, operated by the pilot, will have the effect of increasing the angle of incidence between the wind and the most bearing parts of the wing, thus increasing the power . We then give a tethering couple to the wing. On the other hand, the relaxation of these two rear lines will leave only the front attachment points under tension and therefore decrease the angle of incidence accordingly, up to a geometrical limit given by the height of the wing lobe; we then give a biting torque to the wing. The action of accentuating the wind gain of the wing by pressing the steering bar is commonly called the plating, and that of decreasing the wind gain of the wing by raising the steering bar is shocked.
Toute action différentielle sur la barre de pilotage imposera une forme vrillée à l'aile, entraînant sa mise en virage du côté de plus grand tirage d'une ligne de pilotage. Il est connu que l'angle formé par les deux lignes de traction entre elles, détermine de façon proportionnelle la capacité de l'aile à vriller et donc sa maniabilité.Any differential action on the control bar will impose a kinked shape on the kite, resulting in cornering on the wider draft side of a steering line. It is known that the angle formed by the two traction lines between them, proportionally determines the ability of the wing to twist and thus its handling.
Lorsqu'une aile conventionnelle est en situation de vol, l'axe autour duquel la voilure pivote vers l'avant ou l'arrière est défini comme son axe de tangage, et est disposé perpendiculairement à la verticale, sensiblement vers ses extrémités avant.When a conventional wing is in flight situation, the axis around which the wing pivots forward or back is defined as its pitch axis, and is arranged perpendicular to the vertical, substantially towards its front ends.
La réduction maximale de l'angle d'incidence d'une aile, et donc de sa capacité à réduire au maximum sa prise au vent, est déterminée par la combinaison entre la hauteur de son lobe avec la disposition plus ou moins avancée de ses points d'attache des lignes de traction au regard de son axe d'équilibre. Lorsque le pilote a relâché au maximum ses deux lignes de pilotage, il ne peut réduire davantage la puissance de sa voilure qui est toujours en situation de vol et donc de traction plus ou moins importante.The maximum reduction in the angle of incidence of a wing, and thus its ability to minimize wind gain, is determined by the combination of height of its lobe with the more or less advanced disposition of its points of attachment of the lines of traction with regard to its axis of equilibrium. When the pilot has released at most his two lines of control, he can not further reduce the power of his wing which is still in flight situation and therefore more or less traction.
La variation de puissance dans une aile dépend donc de son angle d'incidence par rapport au vent, mais plus encore de la vitesse d'écoulement de ce dernier dans la voilure. Il est connu que les forces aérodynamiques évoluent au carré de la vitesse.The variation of power in a wing therefore depends on its angle of incidence with respect to the wind, but more so of the speed of flow of the latter in the wing. It is known that aerodynamic forces evolve squared of speed.
Ainsi lorsqu'une aile de ce type est en position de choquage, c'est à dire en réglage de puissance minimale par le pilote, il est toujours nécessaire d'en assurer le contrôle avec vigilance. En effet, si l'aile rencontre une brusque rafale de vent, il n'est pas possible pour l'utilisateur de sur-choquer au-delà de cette incidence minimum, et il devra subir l'accélération induite de la voilure, pouvant occasionner de dangereuses pertes de contrôle.Thus when a wing of this type is in position of shock, ie in minimum power setting by the pilot, it is always necessary to ensure control vigilantly. Indeed, if the wing encounters a sudden gust of wind, it is not possible for the user to over-shock beyond this minimum incidence, and he must undergo the induced acceleration of the wing, which may cause dangerous loss of control.
On comprend aisément toutes les implications géométriques dues aux multiples dispositions possibles des points d'accrochage des lignes à l'aile au regard de son centre d'équilibre.It is easy to understand all the geometrical implications due to the multiple possible arrangements of the points of attachment of the lines to the wing with regard to its center of equilibrium.
Toute la difficulté réside donc dans le fait d'obtenir la plus grande amplitude possible de choquage de l'aile, c'est à dire disposer les attaches des lignes de traction suffisamment en avant du centre d'équilibre, sans pour autant imposer au pilote un effort de retenue significatif sur les extrémités arrière de la dite aile, soit en quelque sorte un transfert de charge des lignes de traction vers les lignes de pilotage, rendant le pilotage très physique et inadapté à la pratique courante actuelle.All the difficulty lies in the fact of obtaining the greatest possible amplitude of shock of the wing, that is to say have the fasteners traction lines sufficiently ahead of the center of balance, without imposing the pilot a significant retaining force on the rear ends of said wing, is a sort of load transfer of the traction lines to the steering lines, making the steering very physical and unsuitable for current practice.
Dans les bridages connus, toute la charge est généralement appliquée sur la seule paire de lignes de traction connectée aux deux points d'attache avant, limitant d'autant le déplacement du dit point et donc le vrillage de l'aile.In the known clamps, the entire load is generally applied to the only pair of traction lines connected to the two front attachment points, thereby limiting the displacement of said point and thus the kinking of the wing.
On a déjà proposé de rajouter une ou plusieurs lignes supplémentaires au-dessus de l'axe d'équilibre de l'aile. Il est ainsi aisé de forcer la voilure en position de sur-choquage, au-delà de sa propre limite géométrique imposée par la hauteur de son lobe et l'avancée de ses attaches de lignes de traction. Ces dispositifs dépendent plus d'un système de sécurité additionnel que d'une simple intégration au système de pilotage basique, et compliquent considérablement la gestion de l'ensemble des lignes composant ce dernier. Cinq lignes peuvent s'emmêler facilement.It has already been proposed to add one or more additional lines above the equilibrium axis of the wing. It is thus easy to force the wing in position of over-shocking, beyond its own geometric limit imposed by the height of its lobe and the advance of its traction line fasteners. These devices depend more on an additional security system than a simple integration with the basic control system, and considerably complicate the management of all the lines comprising the latter. Five lines can get tangled easily.
D'autre part, lorsque le pilote est dans une situation d'urgence où la puissance minimale de l'aile choquée ne lui permet pas de retrouver le contrôle de la situation, il doit effectuer des manoeuvres dédiées pour utiliser ces dispositifs de sécurité, intégrés ou non à l'aile. Ils sont en général à actionner à proximité des commandes de pilotage mais présentent deux inconvénients majeurs. D'une part, ils nécessitent une action volontaire et immédiate du pilote, d'autant plus difficile à opérer si le stress de l'utilisateur est important ou que celui-ci ne possède pas l'expérience minimale requise pour ce type de situation. D'autre part ils induisent généralement la perte des fonctions de pilotage par la désolidarisation de toute ou partie des lignes de commande et de traction à l'aile. De ce fait, ces dispositifs après usage imposent une remise en oeuvre laborieuse, difficile à opérer en pleine eau. On comprendra aisément que ces caractéristiques ne favorisent pas la sécurité de la pratique, tant au niveau du matériel, que de la prise de décision à mettre en oeuvre ce type de dispositif de sécurité.On the other hand, when the pilot is in an emergency situation where the minimum power of the shocked wing does not allow him to regain control of the situation, he must perform dedicated maneuvers to use these integrated safety devices. or not to the wing. They are generally operated near the steering controls but have two major disadvantages. On the one hand, they require a voluntary and immediate action of the pilot, all the more difficult to operate if the stress of the user is important or that it does not have the minimum experience required for this type of situation. On the other hand they generally induce the loss of control functions by the separation of all or part of the control lines and traction wing. As a result, these devices after use impose a laborious rework, difficult to operate in open water. It will be readily understood that these features do not promote the safety of the practice, both in terms of hardware, and the decision to implement this type of security device.
D'autres solutions bien connues passent par un lobe plus aplati, combiné à une forme d'aile en flèche. Cette disposition permet de reculer les extrémités de l'aile par rapport à son centre afin d'obtenir une forme de bord de fuite concave, notamment pour éviter les poches et les déformations de ce dernier malgré la forme aplatie. L'avantage de ce type de dispositif est d'offrir au pilote une capacité de sur-choquage plus importante que sur une aile à lobe traditionnel. Mais cette solution impose un bridage important le long de la quasi totalité du bord d'attaque. De plus, ce type de disposition nécessite souvent l'usage de poulies sur l'aile, voire même sur la barre de pilotage, pouvant entraîner des problèmes d'usure et de dysfonctionnement. Par ailleurs, ce type de voilure n'est plus auto-portée, il nécessite donc un diamètre de bord d'attaque plus important et donc plus pénalisant du point de vue aérodynamique, afin de supporter sans dommage les déformations structurelles possibles en cas de surcharge, notamment lors d'utilisation dans du vent fort et turbulent.Other well-known solutions go through a flattened lobe, combined with a swept wing shape. This arrangement allows to move the ends of the wing relative to its center to obtain a concave trailing edge shape, in particular to avoid pockets and deformations of the latter despite the flattened shape. The advantage of this type of device is to offer the pilot a greater over-shocking capacity than a traditional lobe wing. But this solution imposes a significant clamping along almost the entire leading edge. In addition, this type of arrangement often requires the use of pulleys on the wing, or even on the steering bar, which can cause wear and malfunction problems. Moreover, this type of wing is no longer self-supported, it therefore requires a larger leading edge diameter and therefore more penalizing from the aerodynamic point of view, in order to withstand without damage the possible structural deformations in case of overload. , especially when used in strong and turbulent wind.
D'autres solutions connues proposent un dédoublement des lignes et des attaches avant, soit une première attache haute fixe sur le bord d'attaque, combinée avec une seconde attache basse mobile, située conventionnellement à l'extrémité de l'aile, mais disposée coulissante généralement au travers d'une latte, et collaborant directement avec la ligne de pilotage correspondante. Mais ce type de disposition impose souvent une forte pression aux lignes arrières et donc à la barre de pilotage, car elle transfert une partie de la charge vers ces lignes arrière. De plus le relâchement imposé à la ligne extérieure lors d'une mise en virage réduit considérablement la capacité de l'aile à vriller et donc à tourner. Enfin ce dispositif entraîne de fortes usures sur les lignes sollicitées.Other known solutions propose a duplication of lines and fasteners before, a first fixed high fastener on the leading edge, combined with a second movable lower fastener, conventionally located at the end of the wing, but slideably disposed generally through a batten, and collaborating directly with the corresponding flight line. But this type of arrangement often imposes a strong pressure to the rear lines and therefore to the steering bar, because it transfers a portion of the load to these rear lines. In addition, the relaxation imposed on the outside line during a cornering considerably reduces the ability of the wing to twist and therefore rotate. Finally this device leads to heavy wear on the lines requested.
La plupart de ces solutions cherchent à obtenir un basculement total de l'aile par rapport à l'axe du vent, soit 90°. En fait, il suffit simplement que l'aile ne soit plus en état de voler, c'est à dire que les filets d'air n'aient plus un écoulement laminaire le long du profil, pour que le pilote ne soit plus en situation de danger lors d'une perte de contrôle simple. Il est connu en aérodynamique que les filets d'air vont décrocher du profil bien avant un changement de l'incidence à 90°. Généralement, peu de profil supportent un écart supérieur à 30° ou 40°.Most of these solutions seek to achieve a total tilt of the wing relative to the axis of the wind, or 90 °. In fact, it suffices simply that the wing is no longer able to fly, that is to say that the air no longer have a laminar flow along the profile, so that the pilot is no longer in situation of danger during a simple loss of control. It is known in aerodynamics that the air streams will drop out of the profile well before a change of incidence at 90 °. Generally, few profiles support a difference greater than 30 ° or 40 °.
Dans le dispositif de bridage du document
L'objet de la présente invention consiste à réaliser une aile courbe auto-portée, ayant un système de commande simplifié autorisant une réduction suffisante de la force de traction pour conserver un pilotage contrôlé en toutes circonstances, notamment lors de brusques rafales de vent.The object of the present invention is to provide a self-supported curved wing, having a simplified control system allowing a sufficient reduction of the traction force to maintain controlled steering in all circumstances, especially during sudden gusts of wind.
Le dispositif de bridage est caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte au moins une paire de lignes de transfert de charge, supportant en continu la majeure partie de l'effort de traction, et disposées de part et d'autre d'un plan médian de symétrie, en étant raccordées à l'aile en une paire de zones de liaison délimitées, sur l'extérieur par les 5/10° centraux de l'envergure, sur l'intérieur par les 2/10° centraux de l'envergure, vers l'avant par le bord d'attaque, et vers l'arrière par l'axe d'équilibre, chaque ligne de transfert de charge coopérant par son extrémité basse, avec un point de jonction raccordé au point d'attache avant respectif de l'aile par l'intermédiaire d'une ligne de traction secondaire, l'ensemble étant agencé pour répartir l'effort de traction entre les lignes de transfert de charge et les lignes de traction secondaires.The clamping device is characterized in that it comprises at least one pair of charge transfer lines, which continuously support the major part of the traction force, and arranged on either side of a median plane of symmetry, being connected to the wing in a pair of delimited connecting zones, on the outside by the
Selon un autre mode de réalisation, la paire de lignes de transfert de charge peut être raccordée directement au bord d'attaque desdites zones de liaison.According to another embodiment, the pair of charge transfer lines can be connected directly to the leading edge of said connection zones.
Les lignes de transfert de charge peuvent également être raccordées à une paire de nervures s'étendant le long de lattes porteuses pour conserver la forme du profil sur la partie concernée de la voilure de l'aile.The load transfer lines may also be connected to a pair of ribs extending along carrier slats to maintain the shape of the profile on the relevant portion of the wing wing.
Un tel dispositif n'impose pas de cinquième ligne supplémentaire, mais il permet au contraire de remplacer éventuellement les deux lignes de traction conventionnelles en une seule, sans entraîner une courante perte de maniabilité de l'aile.Such a device does not impose an additional fifth line, but instead allows the possible replacement of the two conventional traction lines in one, without causing a common loss of maneuverability of the wing.
Par ailleurs, ce dispositif simple autorise néanmoins une variation d'incidence, du profil par rapport au vent, suffisante pour empêcher tout écoulement laminaire des filets d'air sur la voilure et donc éviter toute perte de contrôle du pilote qui subirait autrement l'accélération incontrôlée de son aile. Il permet également de piloter une aile de type conventionnelle auto-portée avec une grande sécurité, sans altération des performances, et avec la simplicité d'usage et de mise oeuvre éventuelle de trois lignes seulement, soit deux de pilotage et une seule de traction.Furthermore, this simple device nevertheless allows a variation of incidence, of the profile with respect to the wind, sufficient to prevent any laminar flow of the air streams on the wing and thus to avoid any loss of control of the pilot who would otherwise undergo the acceleration uncontrolled wing. It also makes it possible to drive a conventional self-supported type wing with great safety, without impairing performance, and with the ease of use and possible implementation of only three lines, two pilot and one traction.
L'invention sera mieux comprise en se référant aux figures :
- La
figure 1 représente une vue de face d'une aile courbe auto-portée à structure gonflable, équipée d'un mode de réalisation préférentiel du système de bridage selon la présente invention, en position de vol bordé. - La
figure 2 représente une vue de face d'une aile courbe auto-portée à structure gonflable, équipée du système de bridage de lafigure 1 , en position de vol surchoqué. - La
figure 3 représente une vue de face, superposant les deux bords d'attaque desfigures 1 et2 , afin de mettre plus facilement en évidence les variations géométriques constatées. - La
figure 4 représente une vue de profil du système de bridage de l'aile de lafigure 1 , en position de vol bordé. - La
figure 5 représente une vue identique de lafigure 4 , en position de vol choqué. - La
figure 6 représente une vue identique de lafigure 4 en position de vol sur-choqué. - La
figure 7 représente une vue de dessous à échelle agrandie de l'aile de lafigure 1 , disposée à plat sur le sol, et permet de matérialiser différents axes, limites, zones et plans caractérisant l'invention. - La
figure 8 représente une vue de dessous de l'aile de lafigure 1 dans l'état de vol normal. - La
figure 9 représente une vue de détail en perspective d'une partie gauche d'aile courbe à structure gonflable, équipée du système de bridage selon la présente invention, en position de vol normal. - Les
figures 10 à 12 sont des vues identiques de lafigure 9 de trois variantes de réalisation du système de bridage. - La
figure 13 montre une vue schématique en perspective d'une variante de lafigure 1 , représentée en position bordée. - La
figure 14 représente une vue identique de lafigure 13 d'une autre variante illustrée en position choquée. - Les
figures 15 et 16 sont des vues identiques de lafigure 1 de deux autres variantes de réalisation.
- The
figure 1 represents a front view of a curved wing self-supported inflatable structure, equipped with a preferred embodiment of the clamping system according to the present invention, in the flight position bordered. - The
figure 2 represents a front view of a self-supported curve curved wing inflatable, equipped with the clamping system of thefigure 1 , in overheated flight position. - The
figure 3 represents a front view, superimposing the two leading edges offigures 1 and2 , in order to more easily highlight the geometric variations observed. - The
figure 4 represents a profile view of the flange system of the wing of thefigure 1 , in flight position bordered. - The
figure 5 represents an identical view of thefigure 4 , in shocked flight position. - The
figure 6 represents an identical view of thefigure 4 in over-shocked flight position. - The
figure 7 represents an enlarged bottom view of the wing of thefigure 1 , placed flat on the ground, and makes it possible to materialize different axes, limits, zones and planes characterizing the invention. - The
figure 8 represents a view from below of the wing of thefigure 1 in the normal flight state. - The
figure 9 is a detail view in perspective of a curved wing left wing with an inflatable structure, equipped with the clamping system according to the present invention, in normal flight position. - The
Figures 10 to 12 are identical views of thefigure 9 three variants of the clamping system. - The
figure 13 shows a schematic perspective view of a variant of thefigure 1 , shown in the lined position. - The
figure 14 represents an identical view of thefigure 13 another variant illustrated in shocked position. - The
Figures 15 and 16 are identical views of thefigure 1 two other variants.
En référence aux figures, une aile (1), de forme sensiblement courbe auto-portée, est munie d'une structure gonflable, composée principalement d'un bord d'attaque (2) gonflable, solidaire notamment d'une latte centrale (3) gonflable ainsi que d'au moins une paire de lattes intermédiaires (11) gonflables, disposées parallèlement de part et d'autre de la latte (3) centrale. En fonction de la taille de l'aile, il est possible d'avoir un nombre pair ou impair de lattes gonflables, et donc dans certaines configurations de ne plus avoir de latte gonflable centrale.Referring to the figures, a wing (1), of substantially self-supported curved shape, is provided with an inflatable structure, composed mainly of an inflatable leading edge (2), integral in particular with a central batten (3 ) as well as at least one pair of intermediate slats (11) inflatable, arranged in parallel on both sides of the central batten (3). Depending on the size of the wing, it is possible to have an even or odd number of inflatable slats, and therefore in some configurations to no longer have a central inflatable batten.
Au-dessus d'un point de jonction (12), tous les éléments décrits selon le mode de réalisation de la
Une paire de points d'attache avant (5) et de points d'attache arrière (6) sont disposées respectivement aux extrémités avant et arrière de l'aile. Cette paire de points d'attache avant (5) permet de relier le pilote par l'intermédiaire d'une paire de lignes de traction secondaire (8), d'une paire de lignes de traction primaire (28), et d'une ligne de traction basse (26) unique et centrale. Deux lignes de pilotage (7) gauche et droite, sont respectivement solidaires des points d'attache arrière (6) gauche et droit. Une paire de lattes d'extrémité (9) est disposée aux extrémités de l'aile, entre les points d'attache avant (5) et d'attache arrière (6) correspondant, afin d'en maintenir un écartement prédéterminé.A pair of front attachment points (5) and rear attachment points (6) are disposed respectively at the front and rear ends of the wing. This pair of front attachment points (5) is used to connect the pilot via a pair of secondary traction lines (8), a pair of primary traction lines (28), and a low pull line (26) single and central. Two steering lines (7) left and right are respectively integral with the rear attachment points (6) left and right. A pair of end battens (9) is disposed at the ends of the wing between the corresponding front attachment (5) and rear attachment (6) attachment points to maintain a predetermined spacing therebetween.
Un axe (X) détermine, selon la
Le mode de pilotage est conventionnel et représenté à la
Selon la
L'extrémité haute de la ligne de transfert de charge (15) est reliée à un point de jonction primaire (24), lui-même solidaire d'une nervure (25) par la pointe basse de sa forme sensiblement triangulaire (
Par ailleurs, lorsque le dispositif selon l'invention utilise une ligne de traction primaire (28), les forces de traction opérées conjointement et simultanément par la ligne de transfert de charge (15) et la ligne de traction secondaire (8) correspondantes sont sensiblement équilibrées. Cette caractéristique permet entre-autre une tenue homogène de la forme générale de l'aile selon seulement quelques points d'attache, ainsi qu'une mise en virage efficace. La conséquence de cet équilibre peut se traduire visuellement par la relative égalité des angles B et C (
Selon la variante représentée à la
Selon une vue de dessous de l'aile (1) disposée à plat sur le sol (
D'autre part la distance horizontale séparant le point de jonction (24) du bord d'attaque (2) va influer sur la force de bras de levier nécessaire à fournir par le pilote pour border l'aile (1). L'effort est inversement proportionnel à cette distance horizontale. En effet, l'avancée des points de jonction (24) vers le bord d'attaque (2), c'est à dire leur éloignement de l'axe (X) d'équilibre de la voilure, va proportionnellement transférer une partie de la force de traction vers les lignes de pilotage (7). Inversement, leur recul va réduire ce déséquilibre mais également limiter, comme il sera décrit plus loin, la capacité de sur-choquage de l'aile. C'est le juste effort à la barre de pilotage, souhaité par chacun, qui va prédéterminer la disposition horizontale des points de jonction (24), entre le bord d'attaque (2) et l'axe d'équilibre (X).On the other hand the horizontal distance separating the junction point (24) from the leading edge (2) will affect the leverage force necessary to provide the pilot to taper the wing (1). The effort is inversely proportional to this horizontal distance. Indeed, the advance of the junction points (24) to the leading edge (2), ie their distance from the equilibrium axis (X) of the wing, will proportionally transfer part of the pulling force towards the control lines (7). Conversely, their decline will reduce this imbalance but also limit, as will be described below, the ability to over-shock the wing. It is the just effort to the steering bar, desired by each, which will predetermine the horizontal arrangement of the junction points (24), between the leading edge (2) and the axis of equilibrium (X).
Ainsi on peut déterminer une paire de zones de liaison (Z) de dispositions horizontale et latérale préférentielles des points de jonction (24) au regard de l'aile (1) selon des règles proportionnelles à l'envergure et sur une projection verticale sur la
Il est en effet défini que sensiblement en deçà de ces 2/10°, les lignes de transfert de charge (15) ne sont plus réellement à même de supporter la majeure partie de l'effort de traction, condition sine qua non du dispositif selon l'invention, car il y a alors un trop grand déséquilibre entre la surface de l'aile correspondant à la partie intérieure des lattes porteuses (4) et les deux parties extérieures. Un trop grand déséquilibre dans ce sens aurait également pour conséquence de créer des poches disgracieuses et des ruptures de courbes importantes sur la canopée. De la même manière, au-delà des 5/10, il ne restera plus assez de surface de voilure à l'extérieur ainsi que de bras de levier pour les parties de bord d'attaque (2) correspondantes, afin d'assurer, lors d'un sur-choquage, un basculement suffisant de l'aile sur son axe de tangage ainsi qu'un resserrement du lobe. Sur l'aile en vol selon l'invention, l'axe de tangage (non représenté) est situé perpendiculairement à la verticale, et entre de la paire de points de jonction (24) et la paire de point d'attache avant (5).It is in fact defined that substantially below these 2/10 °, load transfer lines (15) are no longer really able to withstand most of the tensile force, a condition sine qua non of the device according to the invention, because there is then too great a imbalance between the surface of the wing corresponding to the inner part of the carrier slats (4) and the two outer parts. Too much imbalance in this direction would also result in unsightly pockets and large ruptures of curves on the canopy. In the same way, beyond the 5/10, there will not be enough outside wing area as well as lever arms for the corresponding leading edge portions (2), to ensure, during an over-shock, a sufficient tilting of the wing on its pitch axis and a tightening of the lobe. On the wing in flight according to the invention, the pitch axis (not shown) is located perpendicular to the vertical, and between the pair of junction points (24) and the front attachment point pair (5). ).
Plus ces points de jonction (24) ainsi que les nervures (25) et les lattes porteuses(4) correspondantes sont disposés vers l'extérieur de l'aile, et plus les points de jonction (24) se retrouvent bas selon la hauteur du lobe, entraînant par là même une baisse de l'axe de tangage et une réduction géométrique de la capacité à choquer.The more these junction points (24) as well as the ribs (25) and the corresponding carrier slats (4) are arranged towards the outside of the wing, and the more the junction points (24) are found low according to the height of the lobe, resulting in a drop in the pitch axis and a geometric reduction in the ability to shock.
On considère sur la
Cette variation géométrique peut s'opérer car les lignes de transfert de charge (15) reprennent en permanence la majeure partie des forces de traction, ce qui, au vu de leur emplacement sur la hauteur du lobe, tend à positionner l'axe de tangage de l'aile, perpendiculairement au plan (PS) et à proximité des points de jonction (24). De ce fait, lorsque qu'aucun effort n'est maintenu sur les lignes de pilotage (7), seules les lignes de traction secondaires (8) limitent le déplacement vers l'arrière desdites extrémités. Lors de cette configuration de relâchement des lignes (7), la prise au vent, même minime, opérée aux extrémités de l'aile est encore réduite (
En référence aux
Par ailleurs, si l'on imagine des points d'attache avant disposés colinéaires à l'axe (T) à hauteur des extrémités de l'aile (1) selon la
Selon l'invention, le point d'attache avant (5) tend à se déplacer autour du point de jonction secondaire (13) selon la ligne de traction secondaire (8), ce qui augmente considérablement la capacité de l'aile à vriller, cause de maniabilité. Le relâchement équilibré des lignes de pilotage (7) gauche et droite de l'aile (1) en vol, provoque donc le déplacement simultané de la paire de points d'attache avant (5), vers l'arrière et vers l'intérieur, autour de la paire de points de jonction (13) respectifs, selon deux segments matérialisés par la paire de lignes de traction (8), entraînant géométriquement, par le rapprochement mutuel des points d'attache (5), une bascule vers l'arrière de la voilure sur son axe de tangage, soit par conséquence une réduction de son angle d'incidence (A) par rapport au vent.According to the invention, the front attachment point (5) tends to move around the secondary junction point (13) along the secondary traction line (8), which considerably increases the ability of the wing to twist, cause of maneuverability. The balanced release of the left and right flight lines (7) of the wing (1) in flight, therefore causes the simultaneous displacement of the pair of front attachment points. (5), rearwardly and inward, about the pair of respective junction points (13), in two segments materialized by the pair of traction lines (8), geometrically entailing, by the mutual approximation of the attachment points (5), a rocker towards the rear of the wing on its pitch axis, or consequently a reduction of its angle of incidence (A) with respect to the wind.
De la même manière, le relâchement décalé des lignes de pilotage (7) gauche et droite de l'aile. (1) en vol, provoque le rapprochement mutuel dissymétrique des dits points d'attache (5) selon le plan de symétrie (PS). Il en résulte une bascule plus forte vers l'arrière d'un côté donné de la voilure sur son axe de tangage, et une mise en virage de l'aile du côté de moins fort relâchement d'une ligne de pilotage (7).In the same way, the offset release of the steering lines (7) left and right wing. (1) in flight, causes the asymmetrical mutual rapprochement of said attachment points (5) according to the plane of symmetry (PS). This results in a stronger rocker towards the rear of a given side of the wing on its pitch axis, and a cornering of the wing on the side of less strong loosening of a control line (7).
Ainsi, le principe général de fonctionnement de l'invention est la combinaison d'un mouvement de recul vers l'arrière et de rapprochement mutuel des extrémités de l'aile (1), permettant une diminution suffisante de l'angle d'incidence de l'aile par rapport au vent pour empêcher son vol normal et donc sa force de traction. Ce mouvement est opéré par le simple relâchement des lignes de pilotage (7). Cette conséquence est obtenue par la judicieuse disposition des lignes de transfert de charge (15) et des lignes de traction (8) coopérant entre elles, et ce, sans le concours d'aucune poulie ni coulissement d'aucune ligne nécessaire lors de son pilotage courant. Un tel dispositif évite tout système de brides multiples, notamment les bridages dits « en arche », c'est à dire ayant de multiples points d'attache se reprenant successivement les uns sur les autres au bord d'attaque en partant sensiblement du milieu de ce dernier et formant par cette disposition une ligne de jonction segmentée sensiblement en forme d'arche.Thus, the general operating principle of the invention is the combination of a recoil movement and mutual reciprocation of the ends of the wing (1), allowing a sufficient decrease in the angle of incidence of the wing in relation to the wind to prevent its normal flight and therefore its pulling force. This movement is operated by the simple relaxation of the control lines (7). This consequence is obtained by the judicious arrangement of the load transfer lines (15) and the traction lines (8) cooperating with each other without the assistance of any pulley or sliding of any line necessary during its control. current. Such a device avoids any system of multiple flanges, including so-called "arched" clamps, that is to say having multiple attachment points successively taking over each other at the leading edge starting substantially from the middle of the latter and forming by this arrangement a segmented junction line substantially in the form of an arch.
Lorsque le pilote se retrouve dans des conditions aérologiques dans lesquelles il ne pourrait pas tenir et piloter une aile conventionnelle de même surface, l'aile selon l'invention n'offre pas, lorsqu'elle est choquée à son maximum, un comportement plaisant et habituel par le décrochement progressif des filets d'air sur son profil. Elle permet pour autant d'être contrôlée sereinement, mais avertit le pilote que la surface qu'il utilise est trop importante au regard de son poids et des conditions de vent du moment.When the pilot finds himself in aerological conditions in which he could not hold and fly a conventional wing of the same surface, the wing according to the invention does not offer, when shocked at its maximum, a pleasant behavior and usual by the gradual setback of the air nets on his profile. It allows to be controlled serenely, but warns the pilot that the area he uses is too important given his weight and wind conditions of the moment.
Par ailleurs, dans certaines situations, avant ou après la navigation, notamment lorsque le pilote est seul pour poser ou décoller son aile, il peut être intéressant d'aller au-delà de la bascule autorisée par le procédé selon l'invention. Dans ces situations, l'aile n'est plus en état de voler normalement comme il a été précédemment décrit mais génère encore une traînée résiduelle ou parasite qu'il peut s'avérer confortable de réduire encore davantage. Ainsi, il est possible d'ajouter au présent dispositif les variantes décrites ci-après :Moreover, in certain situations, before or after navigation, when the pilot is alone to ask or take off his wing, it may be interesting to go beyond the rocker authorized by the method according to the invention. In these situations, the wing is no longer able to fly normally as previously described but still generates residual or parasitic drag that may be comfortable to reduce even further. Thus, it is possible to add to the present device the variants described below:
Selon les
Selon une autre variante illustrée à la
Selon la variante illustrée aux
Selon une autre variante (non représentée), un point de jonction (24) est disposé mobile, au regard de sa latte porteuse, sur un rail ou tout autre dispositif mécanique permettant un déplacement avant / arrière, ledit rail étant lui-même solidaire d'une latte (4) au moyen d'une nervure (25) ou bien de brides (16), (17), (18), (19. Le rail peut également être légèrement rayonné, de sorte à suivre le mouvement de bascule de l'aile en fonction du positionnement de l'axe de tangage. Ce dispositif permet d'obtenir une variation progressive de l'effort de bordé sur la barre de pilotage. En effet, plus l'angle d'incidence augmente lorsque le pilote met en tension ses lignes de pilotage (7), et plus les points de jonction (24) reculent vers le centre d'équilibre de l'aile, soulageant d'autant la charge à appliquer au moyen des dites lignes de pilotage.
Selon la variante de la
Selon une variante, la ligne de lobe (14) relie le point d'attache médian avec le point de jonction secondaire (13). Au contraire des lignes de transfert de charge (15) et de traction secondaire (8), cette ligne de lobe n'a pas vocation à supporter une traction permanente. Lorsque le vent est faible, elle n'est pas sollicitée. Au-delà d'une certaine force de traction dans l'ensemble de la voilure, le bord d'attaque (2) tend à se déformer sensiblement dans cette zone comprise entre le point d'attache avant (5) et le point d'attache haut avant (20), et la ligne de lobe (14) empêche toute déformation parasite du bord d'attaque.
Le point de jonction secondaire (13) selon la
According to the variant of the
Alternatively, the lobe line (14) connects the median attachment point with the secondary junction point (13). Unlike the load transfer lines (15) and secondary traction (8), this lobe line is not intended to withstand permanent traction. When the wind is weak, it is not solicited. Beyond a certain traction force in the entire wing, the leading edge (2) tends to deform substantially in this zone between the front attachment point (5) and the point of attachment. front top clip (20), and the lobe line (14) prevents spurious deformation of the leading edge.
The secondary junction point (13) according to the
Claims (10)
- Device for flanging a self-supporting curved wing with inflatable structure, including a pair of front attachment points for traction lines, and a pair of rear attachment points for piloting lines, located on both sides of the wing respectively at its front and rear ends, and wherein it also includes:- at least one pair of load-transfer lines (15), supporting continuously most of the tensile force, and arranged on both sides of a median plane of symmetry (PS), being connected to the wing in a pair of connection areas (Z), delimited on the outside by the central 5/10° of the wingspan, on the inside by the central 2/10° of the wingspan, forward by the leading edge (2), and backward by the balance axis (X),- each load-transfer line (15) cooperating by its lower end with a junction point (13, 12), connected to the corresponding front attachment point (5) of the wing by means of a secondary traction line (8), the whole being arranged so as to distribute the tensile force between the load transfer lines (15) and the secondary traction lines (8) continuously and without pilot intervention.
- Flanging device according to claim 1, wherein the pair of load-transfer lines (15) is connected directly to the leading edge (2) of said connection areas (Z).
- Flanging device according to claim 1, wherein the load-transfer lines (15) are connected to a pair of ribs (25) extending along bearing laths (4) in order to preserve the shape of the profile on the relevant portion of the airfoil.
- Flanging device according to claim 3, wherein the bearing laths (4) are located on both sides of the plane of symmetry (PS) inside the connection areas (Z) and at a mutual distance such that the central portion of the airfoil, located between said laths, has a sufficient surface to allow the pair of load-transfer lines (15) to support the most of the tensile force, yet leaving on the other hand to the two other portions of the airfoil, external with respect to said laths, sufficient surface and lever arm to permit the natural backward tilting of the wing in flight according to its pitching axis, when releasing one or the piloting lines (7).
- Flanging device according to claim 3, wherein a rib (25) is replaced by at least one pulling flange (17) made integral with a bearing lath (4) by means of a central attachment point (21).
- Flanging device according to claim 1, wherein it includes left (7a) and right (7b) piloting lines the balanced release of which in flight causes the simultaneous displacement of the pair of front attachment points (5) backward and toward the inside, about the pair of relevant junction points (13), according to two segments embodied by the pair of traction lines (8), bringing about geometrically a tilting toward the rear portion of said wing on its pitching axis, and a reduction of its angle of incidence (A) with respect to the wind.
- Flanging device according to claim 1, wherein it includes left (7a) and right (7b) piloting lines the offset release of which in flight brings about a greater backward tilting on a certain side of the pitching axis of the airfoil, and a turning of the wing on the side of lesser release of a piloting line (7).
- Flanging device according to claim 1, wherein the two load-transfer lines (15) and the two traction lines (8) join all by their lower ends at one single tertiary junction point (12) directly connected to the first lower traction line (26).
- Flanging device according to claim 1, wherein the load-transfer lines (15) join the summital end of a first lower traction line (26) at a first tertiary junction point (12), and the traction lines (8) join the summital end of a second lower traction line (26") at a second tertiary junction point (12"), the two lower traction lines (26, 26") being made integral with each other by a dismountable connection near the pilot, which can operate exclusively the line (26") associated to the pair of load-transfer lines (15).
- Flanging device according to claim 1, wherein the primary junction point (24) of each load-transfer line (15) is arranged movable with respect to a bearing lath (4), performing a forward translation movement on user's action.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE602005005350.6T DE602005005350T3 (en) | 2004-08-06 | 2005-08-05 | Device for flanging inflatable wings with load switching |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0408730A FR2873982A1 (en) | 2004-08-06 | 2004-08-06 | Curved wing restraining system for practicing auto-pulled glide, has traction string cooperating with attachment point, where string is displaced with respect to traction line in which string is integrated at proximity of wing |
FR0502738A FR2873984A3 (en) | 2004-08-06 | 2005-03-21 | THREE LINES WING CLAMP SYSTEM |
PCT/FR2005/002050 WO2006021671A2 (en) | 2004-08-06 | 2005-08-05 | Device for flanging inflatable wing with load transfer |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1802522A2 EP1802522A2 (en) | 2007-07-04 |
EP1802522B1 true EP1802522B1 (en) | 2008-03-12 |
EP1802522B2 EP1802522B2 (en) | 2013-11-20 |
Family
ID=35429127
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP05796005.6A Not-in-force EP1802522B2 (en) | 2004-08-06 | 2005-08-05 | Device for flanging inflatable wing with load transfer |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1802522B2 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE388887T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE602005005350T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2873984A3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2006021671A2 (en) |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4018407A (en) † | 1975-12-29 | 1977-04-19 | Stanbel, Incorporated | Kite |
US4846424A (en) † | 1988-01-29 | 1989-07-11 | Skynasaur Inc. | Controllable airfoil kite |
US5000401A (en) † | 1989-09-26 | 1991-03-19 | Salvatore Barone | Kite |
US5417390A (en) † | 1994-03-02 | 1995-05-23 | Southwick; Jeffrey M. | Controlled ram-air inflated kite with X-braced bridle and operator harness with anchor |
DE20107925U1 (en) † | 2001-05-10 | 2002-01-24 | Flysurfer Gmbh | Line system for controlling a kite |
FR2847226A1 (en) * | 2002-11-14 | 2004-05-21 | Pascal Pillon | Inflatable towing wing for use in water sports has line attached to centre of leading edge for re-launching from water |
DE20220025U1 (en) * | 2002-12-20 | 2003-04-10 | Skywalk Gmbh & Co Kg | Kite has profile skeleton line with profile trailing edge pointing upwards when line is relaxed, with curvature or profile of kite variable by variable tensioning of braking line anchored in vicinity of profile trailing edge |
DE20320389U1 (en) * | 2003-12-17 | 2004-06-09 | Boards & More Ag, Clarens | Tubular kite for kite-surfing has front and back lines, a draw line and an additional line as draw line to stabilise geometry of kite in flight phase |
-
2005
- 2005-03-21 FR FR0502738A patent/FR2873984A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-08-05 AT AT05796005T patent/ATE388887T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-08-05 EP EP05796005.6A patent/EP1802522B2/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2005-08-05 WO PCT/FR2005/002050 patent/WO2006021671A2/en active IP Right Grant
- 2005-08-05 DE DE602005005350.6T patent/DE602005005350T3/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1802522A2 (en) | 2007-07-04 |
WO2006021671A3 (en) | 2006-04-27 |
DE602005005350D1 (en) | 2008-04-24 |
EP1802522B2 (en) | 2013-11-20 |
FR2873984A1 (en) | 2006-02-10 |
FR2873984A3 (en) | 2006-02-10 |
WO2006021671A2 (en) | 2006-03-02 |
ATE388887T1 (en) | 2008-03-15 |
DE602005005350T3 (en) | 2015-08-13 |
DE602005005350T2 (en) | 2008-09-25 |
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