EP1798739B1 - Audiokabel - Google Patents
Audiokabel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1798739B1 EP1798739B1 EP06026098A EP06026098A EP1798739B1 EP 1798739 B1 EP1798739 B1 EP 1798739B1 EP 06026098 A EP06026098 A EP 06026098A EP 06026098 A EP06026098 A EP 06026098A EP 1798739 B1 EP1798739 B1 EP 1798739B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- dielectric
- cable
- layer
- conductive
- conductive layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001038 ethylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000298 Cellophane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 206010011376 Crepitations Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000037656 Respiratory Sounds Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B11/00—Communication cables or conductors
- H01B11/18—Coaxial cables; Analogous cables having more than one inner conductor within a common outer conductor
- H01B11/1808—Construction of the conductors
- H01B11/1821—Co-axial cables with at least one wire-wound conductor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
- H01B3/44—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins
- H01B3/441—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from alkenes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/38—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form with arrangements for facilitating removal of insulation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B11/00—Communication cables or conductors
- H01B11/02—Cables with twisted pairs or quads
- H01B11/12—Arrangements for exhibiting specific transmission characteristics
Definitions
- the invention relates to an audio cable.
- Instrument cables (and measuring leads and the like.) are usually unbalanced lines with a coaxial structure.
- a typical instrument cable comprises, as viewed from the outside in, an outer sheath of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), a copper helical shield or copper braid, a conductive plastic layer of conductive PVC or polyethylene (PE), a dielectric (conductor insulation) of solid or foamed polyolefins (PE or PP) and a copper inner conductor.
- PVC polyvinyl chloride
- PE polyethylene
- dielectric conductor insulation
- PE or PP polyolefins
- microfoni By using it as a connecting line between high-impedance devices (inductive pickup sensors and high-impedance amplifiers), "microfoni” appears as a disturbing component. This term refers to sounds that are audible when the cable moves in the form of crashes and crackles. Microphone can also be expressed in terms of values, with a higher value indicating poorer noise behavior and a lower value indicating better noise performance.
- a conductive layer is applied as a shield over the inner conductor directly surrounding dielectric in the conventional manufacturing in the interior of the cable, such as in the EP 0 260 373 A2 shown.
- the conductivity of this screen significantly influences the microphone: the higher the conductivity, the lower the microphone.
- the conductive layer becomes usually made of electrically conductive PE or PVC. PE has a 100 times higher conductivity than PVC, so from this point of view PE should always be preferred to PVC.
- the bonding of the conductive layer to the dielectric surrounding the inner conductor is problematic. If, for example, a dielectric without foaming is used, the separation of the conductive layer from the dielectric, which is necessary for further processing, usually results in the tearing off of the latter. In a foamed dielectric, such as from the US 5 523 528 As is known, it is impossible to separate the conductive layer from the dielectric. Only the use of an applied between the two components release agent (eg graphite), such as in the U.S. 4,678,865 suggested, can remedy this situation. However, release agents generally have the disadvantage that they contribute significantly to the deterioration of the microphone performance of a cable.
- release agent eg graphite
- a shielded cable is known that is designed for special applications at high operating temperatures (over 200 ° C). Accordingly, the high temperature cable has particularly durable and thus relatively expensive materials: a conductive core is surrounded by a dielectric layer of an ethylene polymer or copolymer (eg, PTFE). An insulating coating of aromatic polyamide or polyimide adheres to the dielectric layer. A thin and easily removable semiconductor layer, in turn, of an ethylene polymer or copolymer (eg, PTFE) with fine conductive particles covers the coating. Further, a metal shield covering the semiconductor layer in the form of a braided wire and an outer insulating sheath made of PTFE or the like are provided.
- a conductive core is surrounded by a dielectric layer of an ethylene polymer or copolymer (eg, PTFE).
- An insulating coating of aromatic polyamide or polyimide adheres to the dielectric layer.
- the US 4 059 724 discloses a shielded microphone cable having a copper lance conductor, a vinyl dielectric surrounding the lumen jacket, a carbon powder / plastic conductive layer surrounding the dielectric, and an electrically nonconductive release layer of thin Japan paper, cellophane, or cotton tape inserted between the dielectric and the conductive layer ,
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide an audio cable with improved microphone performance while avoiding the disadvantages described above.
- the conductive layer of electrically conductive PE has a relatively high conductivity, that is, the electrical resistance of a layer of conductive PE is significantly lower compared to a layer of conductive PVC.
- the cable shown in the figure is a coaxially constructed audio cable with a copper strand as the inner conductor 10.
- the inner conductor 10 is surrounded by a dielectric 12 of cell PP, which serves to insulate the inner conductor 10.
- the dielectric 12 is in turn surrounded by a conductive layer 14 of PE with a very high conductivity.
- This layer 16 serves mechanically as a separation layer and electrically as a dielectric, i. it is electrically non-conductive.
- the release layer 16 is made of PVC.
- the cable further comprises a conductive layer 14 surrounding copper helical shield 18 and an outer sheath 20 made of PVC.
- a cable of this construction shows a considerable improvement in microphone performance compared with conventional audio cables, providing separation of the dielectric 12 from the conductive layer 14, which allows easy stripping of the cable.
- the structure according to the invention is also suitable for cables in other applications in which microphonic or similar effects are to be eliminated.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Insulated Conductors (AREA)
- Communication Cables (AREA)
Description
- Die Erfindung betrifft ein Audiokabel.
- Instrumentenkabel (sowie Meßleitungen und dergl.) sind üblicherweise unsymmetrische Leitungen mit einem koaxialen Aufbau. Ein typisches Instrumentenkabel umfaßt - von außen nach innen betrachtet - einen Außenmantel aus Polyvinylchlorid (PVC), einen Kupfer-Wendelschirm oder ein Kupfergeflecht, eine leitfähige Kunststoffschicht aus leitfähigem PVC oder Polyethylen (PE), ein Dielektrikum (Leiterisolation) aus Voll- oder geschäumten Polyolefinen (PE oder PP) und einen Kupfer-Innenleiter. Für die elektrische Qualität eines solchen Kabels sind die Werte für den Leiterwiderstand und die Kapazität (Leiter/Schirm) von Bedeutung. Durch den Einsatz als Verbindungsleitung zwischen hochohmigen Geräten (induktive Tonabnehmer Sensoren und hochohmige Verstärker) tritt als Störkomponente "Mikrofonie" auf. Unter diesem Begriff versteht man Geräusche, die bei Bewegung des Kabels in Form von Krachen und Knistern hörbar sind. Mikrofonie kann ebenfalls in Werten angegeben werden, wobei ein höherer Wert für ein schlechteres Störverhalten und ein niedrigerer Wert für ein besseres Störverhalten steht.
- Zur Eindämmung von Mikrofonie wird bei der herkömmlichen Fertigung im Inneren des Kabels eine Leitschicht als ein Schirm über das den Innenleiter unmittelbar umgebende Dielektrikum angebracht, wie z.B. in der
EP 0 260 373 A2 gezeigt. Die Leitfähigkeit dieses Schirms beeinflußt die Mikrofonie maßgeblich: je höher die Leitfähigkeit, desto geringer die Mikrofonie. Die Leitschicht wird üblicherweise aus elektrisch leitfähigem PE oder PVC gebildet. PE weist eine 100-fach höhere Leitfähigkeit auf als PVC, so daß unter diesem Gesichtspunkt PE grundsätzlich PVC vorzuziehen wäre. - Problematisch ist jedoch das Verkleben der Leitschicht mit dem den Innenleiter umgebenden Dielektrikum. Wird z.B. ein Dielektrikum ohne Schäumung verwendet, so führt die zur Weiterverarbeitung notwendige Trennung der Leitschicht vom Dielektrikum in der Regel zum Abreißen des letzteren. Bei einem geschäumten Dielektrikum, wie beispielsweise aus der
US 5 523 528 bekannt, ist es gar unmöglich die Leitschicht vom Dielektrikum zu trennen. Einzig die Verwendung eines zwischen den beiden Komponenten aufgebrachten Trennmittels (z.B. Graphit), wie etwa in derUS 4 678 865 vorgeschlagen, kann in diesem Fall Abhilfe schaffen. Trennmittel haben aber wiederum allgemein den Nachteil, daß sie erheblich zur Verschlechterung des Mikrofonieverhaltens eines Kabels beitragen. - Die herkömmliche Kabelfertigung versucht deshalb, diesem Problem mit einer Leitschicht aus PVC zu begegnen, die sich aber nicht mit dem Dielektrikum aus Polyolefinen verbindet. Die daraus resultierende schlechtere Leitfähigkeit schafft eine erhöhte Mikrofonie.
- Aus der
FR 2 712 115 A1 - Die
US 4 059 724 offenbart ein abgeschirmtes Mikrofonkabel mit einem lunenleiter aus Kupfer, einem den lunenmantel umgebenden Dielektrikum aus Vinyl, einer das Dielektrikum umgebenden Leitschicht aus Kohlenstoffpulver und Kunststoff, und einer zwischen dem Dielektrikum und der Leitschicht eingefügten elektrisch nicht leitfähigen Trennschicht aus dünnem Japan-Papier, Zellophan oder Baumwollband. - Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, ein Audiokabel mit verbessertem Mikrofonieverhalten unter Vermeidung der oben geschilderten Nachteile zu schaffen.
- Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird ein Audiokabel mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 vorgeschlagen. Es hat sich gezeigt, daß mit dieser neuartigen Kabelkonstruktion ein Verarbeitungs- und Mikrofonieverhalten erzielt werden kann, das mit herkömmlich aufgebauten Kabeln nicht erreichbar ist. Deshalb kann eine durch die Einfügung der zusätzlichen Schicht bedingte aufwendigere Herstellung in Kauf genommen werden.
- Eine Leiterisolation mit einem Dielektrikum aus Voll- oder geschäumten Polyolefinen, insbesondere PE oder PP,sorgt für gute Kapazitätswerte.
- Die Leitschicht aus elektrisch leitfähigem PE weist eine relativ hohe Leitfähigkeit auf, d.h. im Vergleich zu einer Schicht aus leitfähigem PVC ist der elektrische Widerstand einer Schicht aus leitfähigem PE deutlich niedriger.
- Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform unter Bezugnahme auf die beigefügte Zeichnung beschrieben. In der Zeichnung zeigt die einzige Figur eine perspektivische Seitenansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Audiokabels mit absatzweise entfernten Schichten.
- Das in der Figur dargestellte Kabel ist ein koaxial aufgebautes Audiokabel mit einer Kupferlitze als Innenleiter 10. Der Innenleiter 10 ist von einem Dielektrikum 12 aus Zell-PP umgeben, das zur Isolation des Innenleiters 10 dient. Das Dielektrikum 12 ist wiederum umgeben von einer Leitschicht 14 aus PE mit einer sehr hohen Leitfähigkeit.
- Zwischen das Dielektrikum 12 und die Leitschicht 14 ist eine zusätzliche Schicht 16 eingefügt. Diese Schicht 16 dient mechanisch als Trennschicht und elektrisch als Dielektrikum, d.h. sie ist elektrisch nicht leitfähig. Bei der dargestellten bevorzugten Ausführungsform besteht die Trennschicht 16 aus PVC.
- Das Kabel weist ferner einen die Leitschicht 14 umgebenden Kupfer-Wendelschirm 18 und einen Außenmantel 20 aus PVC auf.
- Ein Kabel mit diesem Aufbau zeigt gegenüber herkömmlichen Audiokabeln ein erheblich verbessertes Mikrofonieverhalten, wobei für eine Trennung des Dielektrikums 12 von der Leitschicht 14 gesorgt ist, die eine problemlose Abisolierung des Kabels ermöglicht.
- Der erfindungsgemäße Aufbau eignet sich auch für Kabel in anderen Einsatzbereichen, in denen Mikrofonie oder ähnliche Effekte eliminiert werden sollen.
Claims (3)
- Audiokabel, mit einem Innenleiter (10), einem den Innenleiter (10) umgebenden Dielektrikum (12), einer das Dielektrikum (12) umgebenden Leitschicht (14) und einer zwischen dem Dielektrikum (12) und der Leitschicht (14) eingefügten Trennschicht (16), wobei das Dielektrikum (12) aus Voll- oder geschäumten Polyolefinen, die Leitschicht (14) aus elektrisch leitfähigem Polyethylen und die Trennschicht (16) aus elektrisch nicht leitfähigem Polyvinylchlorid besteht.
- Kabel nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Leitschicht (14) von einem Wendelschirm (18) oder einem Geflechtschirm und einem Außenmantel (20) umgeben ist.
- Kabel nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Kabel koaxial aufgebaut ist.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE202005019690U DE202005019690U1 (de) | 2005-12-16 | 2005-12-16 | Kabel |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1798739A2 EP1798739A2 (de) | 2007-06-20 |
EP1798739A3 EP1798739A3 (de) | 2009-07-22 |
EP1798739B1 true EP1798739B1 (de) | 2012-06-20 |
Family
ID=36002140
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP06026098A Active EP1798739B1 (de) | 2005-12-16 | 2006-12-15 | Audiokabel |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7420123B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1798739B1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE202005019690U1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8194893B1 (en) | 2007-09-28 | 2012-06-05 | Lewis Peter G | Wired in-ear monitor system |
US7544894B2 (en) * | 2007-10-29 | 2009-06-09 | Jay Victor | Cable structure |
WO2013160493A1 (es) * | 2012-04-25 | 2013-10-31 | TORIBIO CANTERO, José Antonio | Cable eléctrico para la transmisión de señales analógicas y/o digitales |
WO2015030012A1 (ja) * | 2013-08-26 | 2015-03-05 | 矢崎総業株式会社 | シールド電線及びワイヤハーネス |
US9672958B2 (en) * | 2015-05-19 | 2017-06-06 | Te Connectivity Corporation | Electrical cable with shielded conductors |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2021172C3 (de) * | 1970-04-30 | 1974-06-12 | Kabel- Und Metallwerke Gutehoffnungshuette Ag, 3000 Hannover | Elektrisches Kabel für Hoch- und Höchstspannungsbeanspruchung, insbesondere mit Polyäthylenisolierung |
JPS5642890Y2 (de) | 1975-03-22 | 1981-10-07 | ||
US4412094A (en) * | 1980-05-21 | 1983-10-25 | Western Electric Company, Inc. | Compositely insulated conductor riser cable |
FR2547945B1 (fr) * | 1983-06-21 | 1986-05-02 | Raffinage Cie Francaise | Nouvelle structure de cable electrique et ses applications |
FR2637127A1 (fr) * | 1988-09-23 | 1990-03-30 | Cosyns Henri | Ligne coaxiale de transmission basse impedance |
US5107076A (en) * | 1991-01-08 | 1992-04-21 | W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. | Easy strip composite dielectric coaxial signal cable |
FR2712115A1 (fr) | 1993-11-05 | 1995-05-12 | Filotex Sa | Câble blindé, à faible niveau de bruit et de température de service élevée. |
US6815617B1 (en) * | 2002-01-15 | 2004-11-09 | Belden Technologies, Inc. | Serrated cable core |
JP3671919B2 (ja) * | 2002-03-05 | 2005-07-13 | 日立電線株式会社 | 同軸ケーブル及び同軸多心ケーブル |
US20040055780A1 (en) * | 2002-07-11 | 2004-03-25 | Susan Hakkarainen | Combined suspension cable and electrical conductor |
US20050011664A1 (en) * | 2003-07-16 | 2005-01-20 | Chang-Chi Lee | Structure of a cable |
-
2005
- 2005-12-16 DE DE202005019690U patent/DE202005019690U1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2006
- 2006-12-13 US US11/638,686 patent/US7420123B2/en active Active
- 2006-12-15 EP EP06026098A patent/EP1798739B1/de active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1798739A3 (de) | 2009-07-22 |
US7420123B2 (en) | 2008-09-02 |
DE202005019690U1 (de) | 2006-02-16 |
EP1798739A2 (de) | 2007-06-20 |
US20070137880A1 (en) | 2007-06-21 |
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