EP1797407A1 - Capteur de pression piezo-electrique de chambre de combustion pourvu d'une broche de transmission de pression - Google Patents

Capteur de pression piezo-electrique de chambre de combustion pourvu d'une broche de transmission de pression

Info

Publication number
EP1797407A1
EP1797407A1 EP05779167A EP05779167A EP1797407A1 EP 1797407 A1 EP1797407 A1 EP 1797407A1 EP 05779167 A EP05779167 A EP 05779167A EP 05779167 A EP05779167 A EP 05779167A EP 1797407 A1 EP1797407 A1 EP 1797407A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sensor
pressure
combustion chamber
piezoelectric material
glow plug
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP05779167A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Gottfried Flik
Oliver Stoll
Juergen Krueger
Sven Zinober
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP1797407A1 publication Critical patent/EP1797407A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L23/00—Devices or apparatus for measuring or indicating or recording rapid changes, such as oscillations, in the pressure of steam, gas, or liquid; Indicators for determining work or energy of steam, internal-combustion, or other fluid-pressure engines from the condition of the working fluid
    • G01L23/22—Devices or apparatus for measuring or indicating or recording rapid changes, such as oscillations, in the pressure of steam, gas, or liquid; Indicators for determining work or energy of steam, internal-combustion, or other fluid-pressure engines from the condition of the working fluid for detecting or indicating knocks in internal-combustion engines; Units comprising pressure-sensitive members combined with ignitors for firing internal-combustion engines
    • G01L23/221—Devices or apparatus for measuring or indicating or recording rapid changes, such as oscillations, in the pressure of steam, gas, or liquid; Indicators for determining work or energy of steam, internal-combustion, or other fluid-pressure engines from the condition of the working fluid for detecting or indicating knocks in internal-combustion engines; Units comprising pressure-sensitive members combined with ignitors for firing internal-combustion engines for detecting or indicating knocks in internal combustion engines
    • G01L23/222—Devices or apparatus for measuring or indicating or recording rapid changes, such as oscillations, in the pressure of steam, gas, or liquid; Indicators for determining work or energy of steam, internal-combustion, or other fluid-pressure engines from the condition of the working fluid for detecting or indicating knocks in internal-combustion engines; Units comprising pressure-sensitive members combined with ignitors for firing internal-combustion engines for detecting or indicating knocks in internal combustion engines using piezoelectric devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
    • F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L23/00—Devices or apparatus for measuring or indicating or recording rapid changes, such as oscillations, in the pressure of steam, gas, or liquid; Indicators for determining work or energy of steam, internal-combustion, or other fluid-pressure engines from the condition of the working fluid
    • G01L23/08—Devices or apparatus for measuring or indicating or recording rapid changes, such as oscillations, in the pressure of steam, gas, or liquid; Indicators for determining work or energy of steam, internal-combustion, or other fluid-pressure engines from the condition of the working fluid operated electrically
    • G01L23/10—Devices or apparatus for measuring or indicating or recording rapid changes, such as oscillations, in the pressure of steam, gas, or liquid; Indicators for determining work or energy of steam, internal-combustion, or other fluid-pressure engines from the condition of the working fluid operated electrically by pressure-sensitive members of the piezoelectric type
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L23/00—Devices or apparatus for measuring or indicating or recording rapid changes, such as oscillations, in the pressure of steam, gas, or liquid; Indicators for determining work or energy of steam, internal-combustion, or other fluid-pressure engines from the condition of the working fluid
    • G01L23/22—Devices or apparatus for measuring or indicating or recording rapid changes, such as oscillations, in the pressure of steam, gas, or liquid; Indicators for determining work or energy of steam, internal-combustion, or other fluid-pressure engines from the condition of the working fluid for detecting or indicating knocks in internal-combustion engines; Units comprising pressure-sensitive members combined with ignitors for firing internal-combustion engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
    • F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
    • F23Q7/001—Glowing plugs for internal-combustion engines
    • F23Q2007/002—Glowing plugs for internal-combustion engines with sensing means

Definitions

  • Piezoelectric combustion chamber pressure sensor with a pressure transfer pin
  • the invention relates to a piezoelectric sensor for measuring the pressure in a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine with a pressure transfer pin.
  • a sensor made of a piezoelectric material for determining the pressure in a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine is known, for example, from DE-692 09 132 T2.
  • a piezoelectric material on which a mechanical pressure is applied generates electric charges. These charges result in an electrical voltage in the piezoelectric material that can be tapped and measured. Since, in the case of direct exposure of the piezoelectric material in the combustion chamber, the sensor is damaged, inter alia, for thermal reasons, the pressure in the combustion chamber is first exerted on a pressure-receiving component which is directly exposed to the combustion chamber.
  • the pressure-receiving component then forwards the pressure to the piezoelectric material of the sensor.
  • the pressure is first applied to a diaphragm on the cylinder head Internal combustion engine exerted, which is then transferred via a diaphragm connected to the pressure transfer pin on the piezoelectric material.
  • membranes are basically problematic as a pressure receiver in a combustion chamber, since the life of such a component by z. As contamination, especially by soot particles is limited. The mechanical stability of a membrane is also critical in comparison with other components.
  • the pressure sensor is provided as a single component on the cylinder head of the internal combustion engine. The existing on the cylinder head slot is very limited.
  • a fuel injector for direct injection of fuel into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine in spark-ignited internal combustion engines also requires a spark plug to ignite the fuel. With auto-igniters a glow plug is necessary.
  • a direct placement of the membrane with the pressure transfer pin on the combustion chamber therefore encounters difficulties.
  • the inventive piezoelectric sensor SE with a pressure transfer pin with the specified features has the advantage over the prior art that an integration of the sensor in existing components of the engine allows and thus a space-saving Solution is provided.
  • the known from the prior art membrane is omitted as a pressure-receiving component, whereby a reduction of the problem is achieved by contamination.
  • the piezoelectric material of the sensor is advantageously decoupled from mechanical tightening torques and thermally induced mechanical stresses on the cylinder head and thus minimizes falsified pressure measurements.
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a quartz crystal with the crystallographic axes X, Y and Z;
  • FIG. 4 a cross-sectionally hexagonal quartz crystal
  • FIG. 5 shows a piezoelectric component in the X-section with a cutting angle ⁇
  • FIG. 6 shows the linear dependence of the sensitivity of the Z cut on the temperature
  • FIGS. 7b and 7c are vector illustrations illustrating the angles ⁇ and ⁇ , respectively;
  • Figures 9a and 9b the sensitivity of the piezoelectric material in the Y-section as a function of the angle OC or ß.
  • FIG. 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of the sensor SE according to the invention, which is integrated into an incandescent glow plug and made of a monocrystalline, piezoelectric material 1.
  • the sensor SE is arranged in a channel 2 relative to the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine. However, it is not directly exposed to the pressure 6 of the combustion chamber, but positively connected to a glow plug 4.
  • the glow plug 4 is partially arranged in the channel 2, but protrudes with one end into the combustion chamber and is displaceable, in particular axially displaceable, stored.
  • the glow plug 4 in a gasket 3, in particular an O-ring, graphite ring or a metal bead stored.
  • the sensor SE itself is arranged on the side facing away from the combustion chamber of the glow plug 4. Next is a rigid one Abutment 5 downstream of the sensor SE in the opposite direction of the combustion chamber.
  • the axially displaceably mounted glow plug 4 passes the pressure 6 on the piezoelectric material 1 on, which is mechanically deformed due to the downstream of him, rigid abutment 5.
  • the sensor SE of the piezoelectric material 1 is metallized on two sides, as shown in FIGS. 2a to 2c, to form electrodes 7, preferably with a chromium-gold (CrAu) layer, in particular alloy.
  • the electrodes 7 are, as can be seen in Figure 1, arranged so that they are perpendicular to the pressure and are contacted with electrical leads 8 directly or alternatively indirectly via metal discs, not shown in the figures.
  • Possible external shapes of the sensor SE are, in addition to a cuboid (FIG. 2 b) or a solid disc (FIG. 2 c), preferably those of a ring (FIG. 2 a), since the electrical leads 8 are then guided through the open center of the ring can. Through the open center of the ring and the electrical line for the glow current of the glow plug can be placed.
  • the sensor SE is integrated into a glow plug or in an already existing channel 2 to the combustion chamber. Neither a separate channel 2 nor a separate pressure transfer pin for the sensor SE is necessary, but both are advantageously used for two different purposes. Also completely dispensed with a membrane as a pressure-receiving component.
  • the sensor SE can be further improved by an appropriate selection of materials and by defined crystal cuts in its overall performance.
  • a piezoelectric sensor SE is used as the piezoelectric material 1 mainly quartz or piezoceramic. Both options, however, have certain advantages and disadvantages compared to each other.
  • quartz is the one hand as the single-crystal version of the silicon dioxide SiO 2 and no aging is temperature-stable up to a relatively high temperature of 573 0 C. At an even higher temperature of the quartz transforms of the so-called ⁇ -modification in the ß-modification. Only then does the quartz lose its piezoelectric property.
  • the quartz has only a small sensitivity of 2.3 pC / N, so that usually two piezo elements are connected in parallel in terms of charge. This requires a lot of effort and thus high costs in the construction and connection technology.
  • piezoelectric ceramics have a high sensitivity, which makes it possible to dispense with a complicated construction technique with a plurality of piezoelectric elements.
  • the sensitivity of the piezoelectric ceramics changes with the lifetime. The change is caused by depolarization in piezoelectric ceramics and severely restricts the potential for use of the material. The depolarization is accelerated at relatively large forces, so that these materials are operated only at low forces. In addition, high force effects lead to non-linear and hysteretic charge-force characteristics. This problem will at temperatures higher than 50% of the Curie temperature, further exacerbated.
  • the senor SE according to the invention advantageously consists of the monocrystalline, piezoelectric material lithium niobate (LiNbO 3 ).
  • the Curie temperature of this material is above 1200 ° C.
  • high sensitivity and low temperature response can be achieved through selected cuts from the crystal.
  • a quartz crystal with the crystallographic axes X, Y and Z is first shown in a perspective view in FIG.
  • the Z-axis the imaginary axis passing through the tip of the crystal.
  • a perpendicular axis passing through a corner of the hexagonal prism is determined to be the X axis.
  • the Y axis is again perpendicular to the other two axes and thus passes through an area of the crystal.
  • FIG. 4 shows the hexagonal crystal in cross section, ie the XY plane is seen in plan view.
  • the piezoelectric component can be cut out of the crystal to obtain certain properties, such as a minimum temperature response, below an optimum axial section and / or cutting angle ⁇ .
  • the sections are named after the crystallographic axis, which is normal to the main surface of the component.
  • the main surface is the surface of the component, on which later the pressure or the force on the Component is coupled.
  • a piezoelectric component is shown in the X-section, since the component has been cut out of the crystal in such a way that the X-axis of the crystal is normal to the main surface of the component.
  • the component includes a cutting angle ⁇ simultaneously with the Y axis.
  • LiNbO 3 components are used with Z or Y-section, ie, the Z or Y-axis of the crystal is perpendicular to the main surface of the component or in other words, to the level of force coupling.
  • the sensitivity of a LiNbO 3 device with a Z-cut is advantageously about three times larger than that of a quartz device.
  • the Z-cut offers the advantage of a low cross-sensitivity to skew-angle force coupling.
  • the piezoelectric component with a Z-section in FIG. 7a is sketched in perspective representation with the crystallographic X, Y and Z axes.
  • the Z-axis here extends perpendicular to the plane of a component with a Z-section Krafteinkoppelung. If a force F does not act perpendicular to this plane, but with an angle OC not equal to zero with respect to the Z-axis, then the total (total) force F tot can be vectorially decomposed into a tangential component T par parallel to the main surface or XY plane of the component, and a Z component F z which is parallel to the Z axis.
  • the vector decomposition of the total force F tot into subcomponents T par and F z is shown in FIG. 7b, where the vectors F tot and F z enclose an angle OC.
  • Tangential component T par can in turn be decomposed into further components T x and T y , each of which runs parallel to the X or Y axis.
  • the components T par and T x include an angle ⁇ , as shown in FIG. 7c.
  • Figs. 8a and 8b show the
  • Sensitivity S of the piezoelectric component in Z-section in percent change as a function of the angle OC or ß.
  • the sensitivity S decreases only slightly.
  • the Y-cut offers a significantly higher value compared to the previously mentioned values, and at the same time has a small temperature response of 240 ppm / K.
  • the sensitivity depends very much on the angles OC and ß of the

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)

Abstract

Capteur (SE) constitué d'une matière monocristalline et piézo-électrique (1) destiné à mesurer la pression (6) dans la chambre de combustion d'un moteur à combustion interne, qui comporte une broche de transmission de pression. Ladite broche de transmission de pression se présente sous forme de crayon de préchauffage (4) monté coulissant et faisant saillie dans la chambre de combustion et le capteur (SE) est relié par liaison de force au crayon de préchauffage (4). Le capteur (SE) est de préférence placé entre le crayon de préchauffage (4) et une butée fixe (5). La matière monocristalline piézo-électrique (1) du capteur (SE) est avantageusement du niobate de lithium (LiNbO<sub
EP05779167A 2004-09-29 2005-08-19 Capteur de pression piezo-electrique de chambre de combustion pourvu d'une broche de transmission de pression Withdrawn EP1797407A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102004047143A DE102004047143A1 (de) 2004-09-29 2004-09-29 Piezoelektrischer Brennraum-Drucksensor mit einem Druckübertragungsstift
PCT/EP2005/054097 WO2006034928A1 (fr) 2004-09-29 2005-08-19 Capteur de pression piezo-electrique de chambre de combustion pourvu d'une broche de transmission de pression

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1797407A1 true EP1797407A1 (fr) 2007-06-20

Family

ID=35385688

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05779167A Withdrawn EP1797407A1 (fr) 2004-09-29 2005-08-19 Capteur de pression piezo-electrique de chambre de combustion pourvu d'une broche de transmission de pression

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20090025468A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1797407A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2008514940A (fr)
KR (1) KR20070062986A (fr)
DE (1) DE102004047143A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2006034928A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102005051817B4 (de) * 2005-10-28 2008-06-05 Beru Ag Druckmessglüheinrichtung, insbesondere Druckmessglühkerze
AT503662B1 (de) 2006-04-20 2007-12-15 Piezocryst Advanced Sensorics Glühkerze mit integriertem drucksensor
JP2007292415A (ja) * 2006-04-27 2007-11-08 Kyocera Corp 圧力センサ付きヒータ及びそれを用いたグロープラグ
DE102010030404A1 (de) 2010-06-23 2011-12-29 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine
EP2469256B1 (fr) 2010-12-22 2016-09-21 HIDRIA AET Druzba za proizvodnjo vzignih sistemov in elektronike d.o.o. Bougie de préchauffage dotée d'un capteur de charge et d'un lien blindé avec le capteur
EP2472181B1 (fr) * 2010-12-22 2014-09-10 HIDRIA AET Druzba za proizvodnjo vzignih sistemov in elektronike d.o.o. Bougie de préchauffage à manchon capteur d'efforts entourant le doigt chauffant hors chambre de combustion
EP2955441B1 (fr) * 2013-02-08 2018-06-06 Bosch Corporation Bougie de préchauffage equipée d'un capteur de pression

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0549346A2 (fr) * 1991-12-24 1993-06-30 NGK Spark Plug Co. Ltd. Capteur de pression de fluide piézoélectrique
JPH05172679A (ja) * 1991-12-24 1993-07-09 Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd 圧力検知装置

Family Cites Families (13)

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DE746666C (de) * 1940-05-27 1944-08-16 Versuchsanstalt Fuer Luftfahrt Indikator
US3591813A (en) * 1969-02-28 1971-07-06 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Lithium niobate transducers
US5126617A (en) * 1987-11-09 1992-06-30 Texas Instruments Incorporated Cylinder pressure sensor for an internal combustion engine
DE69209132T2 (de) * 1991-04-27 1996-10-10 Ngk Spark Plug Co Piezoelektrischer Messfühler
JP3177819B2 (ja) * 1995-09-05 2001-06-18 株式会社ユニシアジェックス 内燃機関の筒内圧力検出装置
DE19844891A1 (de) * 1998-09-30 2000-04-06 Bosch Gmbh Robert Kraftstoffeinspritzventil für Brennkraftmaschinen
JP3911930B2 (ja) * 1999-10-28 2007-05-09 株式会社デンソー 燃焼圧センサ付きグロープラグ
JP4003363B2 (ja) * 1999-12-24 2007-11-07 株式会社デンソー 燃焼圧センサ構造体
JP4300663B2 (ja) * 1999-12-24 2009-07-22 株式会社デンソー 燃焼圧センサ構造体
DE10051548A1 (de) * 2000-10-18 2002-04-25 Bosch Gmbh Robert Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem für Brennkraftmaschinen
JP3900060B2 (ja) * 2002-10-07 2007-04-04 株式会社デンソー 燃焼圧センサ付きグロープラグ
JP2004278934A (ja) * 2003-03-17 2004-10-07 Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd 燃焼圧検知機能付きグロープラグ
DE10344897A1 (de) * 2003-09-26 2005-04-21 Bosch Gmbh Robert Ventil zur Steuerung einer Verbindung in einem Hochdruckflüssigkeitssystem, insbesondere einer Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung für eine Brennkraftmaschine

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0549346A2 (fr) * 1991-12-24 1993-06-30 NGK Spark Plug Co. Ltd. Capteur de pression de fluide piézoélectrique
JPH05172679A (ja) * 1991-12-24 1993-07-09 Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd 圧力検知装置

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of WO2006034928A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20090025468A1 (en) 2009-01-29
JP2008514940A (ja) 2008-05-08
WO2006034928A1 (fr) 2006-04-06
DE102004047143A1 (de) 2006-04-06
KR20070062986A (ko) 2007-06-18

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