EP1789198B1 - Electrofiltre pour installation de combustion - Google Patents

Electrofiltre pour installation de combustion Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1789198B1
EP1789198B1 EP05759643.9A EP05759643A EP1789198B1 EP 1789198 B1 EP1789198 B1 EP 1789198B1 EP 05759643 A EP05759643 A EP 05759643A EP 1789198 B1 EP1789198 B1 EP 1789198B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chamber
flue gas
turbulance
electric filter
outlet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP05759643.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1789198A1 (fr
Inventor
Volker Schmatloch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eidgenoessische Materialprufungs und Forschungsanstalt EMPA
Original Assignee
Eidgenoessische Materialprufungs und Forschungsanstalt EMPA
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Publication of EP1789198A1 publication Critical patent/EP1789198A1/fr
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Publication of EP1789198B1 publication Critical patent/EP1789198B1/fr
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/74—Cleaning the electrodes
    • B03C3/80—Cleaning the electrodes by gas or solid particle blasting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/41—Ionising-electrodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
    • B03C2201/10—Ionising electrode with two or more serrated ends or sides

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrostatic precipitator for combustion plants, as they are found, for example, in private households or in commercial enterprises.
  • the invention can also be used in particular for automatic furnaces, such as pellet boilers or wood-fired installations in the power range below 300 kW.
  • the invention also relates to a method for operating the electrostatic precipitator.
  • Electrostatic precipitators are particularly suitable for the reduction of fine particle emissions, because they have good efficacy even with very small particles.
  • the solid or liquid particles that are in the Flue gas are electrostatically charged with an electrode unipolar. Subsequently, the flue gas is passed with the charged particles through an electric field, wherein the charged particles are deposited on separation plates, while the freed from the particles exhaust gas flows freely from the electrostatic precipitator.
  • dust particles and aerosols with grain sizes from 0.01 ⁇ m to 60 ⁇ m can be filtered out of the flue gas.
  • Electrostatic precipitators for combustion plants which are also referred to as electrostatic particulate filter are from the WO 00/33945 known.
  • the electrostatic precipitator consists of a frame, which is placed on the chimney, an insulator that protrudes from the frame inside in the middle of the frame and at the end of a weighted electrode hangs and extends into the chimney.
  • the electrostatic precipitator is used to hold back the particles in the flue gas.
  • a high voltage is applied to the electrode, with the result that the particles are electrostatically charged and reflected by the chimney and the frame.
  • clean air may be supplied externally by external air inlets to prevent premature electric arc strikes that would otherwise occur if the recirculated gas still contains undetached conductive particles.
  • This outside air can be supplied both under pressure (compressed air) in the separator, or by generating a pressure gradient by means of a fan in the separator.
  • the entire separator arrangement with these Venturi insulator for the supply of fresh air is elaborately constructed, with many parts, sometimes not heat resistant such as a fan, and it is therefore hardly suitable for direct installation in flue gas from small combustion plants such Cheminées.
  • An object of the invention is to provide, starting from this prior art, an electrostatic precipitator for a furnace, which operates with low maintenance and reliability, while having a simple and compact, heat-resistant construction and over a longer period of time provides a stable, uniform performance.
  • the power fluctuations of the electrostatic filter should be kept to a minimum.
  • This electrostatic filter is basically suitable for all firing systems. Preferably, however, it finds application in small combustion plants.
  • the electrostatic filter is installed in the exhaust gas tract, ie the exhaust pipe or the chimney of the combustion plant.
  • the electrostatic filter no long term Power fluctuations is subject to this electrostatic filter is ensured that the particles located in the flue gas can not or hardly deposit on the electrode insulator of the filter electrode and thus can not significantly affect the effect of the electrode insulator.
  • This electrostatic filter has a first vortex chamber, which in turn has a flue gas inlet and a scavenging air inlet and is designed so that purging air is sucked in by flue gas flowing in.
  • the first vortex chamber also has a tubular outlet. Furthermore, a filter electrode arrangement and an isolator holding the filter electrode arrangement are provided which are arranged in the purge air flow.
  • the electrostatic precipitator also includes a second vortex chamber connected to the first vortex chamber via the tubular outlet and configured to deposit the particulates in the flue gas therein and having a flue gas outlet for the flue gas depleted of the particles.
  • the filter electrode assembly is disposed in the first vortex chamber.
  • the filter electrode arrangement has horizontally extending electrodes.
  • the filter electrode assembly has a vertically extending electrode disposed in the tubular outlet.
  • the area in which the particles are charged can thus be widened.
  • the electrode may be rod-shaped and taper pointed towards the end. In this way, the electric field strength can be increased, which contributes to the fact that the particles can be electrostatically charged better.
  • the first swirling chamber may be formed so that the inflowing flue gas initially flows along the wall of the swirling chamber and generates a negative pressure in the center of the swirling chamber to suck the scavenging air.
  • the first vortex chamber has a round cross section and the Flue gas inlet is arranged on the first swirl chamber so that the flue gas flows in tangentially.
  • the tubular outlet and the scavenging air inlet are arranged in the center of the first swirling chamber.
  • the plate acts as an additional barrier for the particles in the flue gas and thus contributes to the purity of the insulator.
  • a larger, further plate is provided. Cascading the plates increases the blocking effect in addition.
  • the size gradation of the plate has the advantage that they act as several successive locks for the particles, but not increase the air resistance for the purging air flowing past the dimensions.
  • the second vortex chamber is designed so that the flue gas dwells in it as long as possible. This leaves the particles more time to deposit on the bottom or on the wall of the second vortex chamber.
  • the first vortex chamber can be arranged above the second vortex chamber, and the flue gas outlet in the upper region of the second vortex chamber. Such an arrangement of the flue gas outlet causes the flue gas does not escape immediately from the vortex chamber.
  • the electrostatic precipitator may also be equipped with a blower for blowing the flue gas into the first swirl chamber or a blower for exhausting the flue gas from the second swirl chamber.
  • a blower for blowing the flue gas into the first swirl chamber or a blower for exhausting the flue gas from the second swirl chamber.
  • the electrostatic filter can also be equipped with a blower for blowing the purging air into the first vortex chamber.
  • the amount of purge air flowing along the insulator can be increased so as to further improve the cleanliness of the insulator.
  • the clean insulation of the electrode insulator is effected by the fact that scavenging air continuously flows along it during operation of the furnace, so that particles do not even get into the immediate vicinity of the insulator.
  • This electrostatic filter is therefore also low maintenance.
  • the purge air flow required for this purpose is generated by the flue gas flowing into the first vortex chamber.
  • flue gas is injected laterally, preferably tangentially in the first vortex chamber and generated in the center in this way a negative pressure, which in turn ensures that the purge air is sucked into the center of the first vortex chamber without it own fan or blower for blowing the purge air requirement.
  • the geometry or the design of the first vortex chamber is decisive for how strongly the purge air is sucked into the vortex chamber.
  • This type of suction of the purge air can be referred to as passive suction.
  • FIG. 1 a first embodiment of the electrostatic precipitator for a furnace is shown in cross-section.
  • the flue gas RG to be cleaned of the particles is blown into a first vortex chamber 1 via a flue gas inlet 2.
  • the flue gas inlet 2 is as in FIG. 2 shown, preferably arranged tangentially to the first vortex chamber 1 or arranged so that the flue gas flows tangentially into the vortex chamber.
  • the flue gas RG flowing into the first vortex chamber 1 is thereby first guided in a circular manner along the wall of the first vortex chamber 1 and in this way generates a negative pressure in the center of the first vortex chamber 1.
  • scavenging air SL is sucked into the center of the swirl chamber 1 via an intake stub 8, which is located above the first swirl chamber 1.
  • the purge air SL passes it by an insulator 7 and up to three plates 11, 12 and 13 over. This ensures that, if at all, only very few particles present in the flue gas RG can deposit on the insulator 7.
  • the insulator 7 is held by holding webs 14 and ensures that the electrode holder 15 under high voltage and the electrode assembly 6 connected to the electrode holder 15 do not come into contact with the holding webs 14 and the wall of the first swirl chamber 1.
  • the power supply of the Electrode assembly 6 via a high voltage cable 9, which with a in FIG. 1 not shown high voltage source is connected.
  • the electrode arrangement 6 has a plurality of horizontally extending, star-shaped electrodes 6.1 and a vertical electrode 6.2 extending into a tubular outlet 5 of the first vortex chamber 1. Both the horizontally extending electrodes 6.1 and the vertically extending electrode 6.2 are preferably rod-shaped and extend pointed towards their ends. The sharper the electrodes 6.1 and 6.2 are formed, the higher is the electric field strength that forms at the ends of the electrodes 6.1 and 6.2.
  • the particles present in the flue gas RG are electrostatically charged in the first vortex chamber 1 with the aid of the electrodes 6.1 and 6.2. Subsequently, the flue gas RGSL mixed with purging air flows through the tubular outlet 5 into a second swirl chamber 3, which is designed so that the mixture of flue gas and purging air RGSL stays there as long as possible.
  • the electrostatically charged particles preferably deposit in the lower region 3.1 and at the bottom 3.2 of the second vortex chamber 3.
  • the thus purified flue gas then exits the exhaust or exhaust outlet 4 as purified exhaust air AL from the second vortex chamber 3.
  • a blower 10 can additionally be arranged above the intake manifold 8.
  • the number of plates required to retain the particles also depends on the technical conditions. Under certain conditions, the plates can be dispensed with altogether. If it is to be ensured that no particles are deposited on the insulator 7 even when starting up the furnace, the use of one or more plates on the insulator 7 is advisable.
  • the plates 10, 11 and 12 may be made of plastic and advantageously designed together with the insulator 7 as a molded part. Alternatively, they can also be made of metal, which the Advantage of higher robustness and heat resistance offers. In order for the electrostatically charged flue gas particles to deposit on the bottom and the wall of the second vortex chamber 3, this is designed to be conductive at least in the region in which the particles are to be deposited.
  • the second vortex chamber 3 is made of sheet steel, chrome steel or aluminum.
  • the geometry of the second vortex chamber 3 also plays a role for the efficiency of the particle separation.
  • the flue gas scavenging air stream RGSL can remain in the second vortex chamber 3 for a sufficiently long time. This can be achieved, for example, by reducing the flow velocity of the flue gas RG, or by making the travel distance which the flue gas RG has to cover in the second swirl chamber 3 large. This leaves the particles more time to deposit on the bottom 3.2 or on the wall 3.1 of the second vortex chamber 3.
  • FIG. 2 is the inventive electrostatic filter in cross section along in FIG. 1 indicated section line AA.
  • the electrostatic filter is installed so that the first vortex chamber 1 is located above the second vortex chamber 3.
  • a high voltage source for example, a high voltage transformer with downstream rectifier can be used.
  • the high voltage transformer has a power between 20 and 200 VA and can be operated with 220 V / 50 Hz or with 110 V / 60 Hz AC voltage.
  • the charging of the electrodes 6.1 and 6.2 which are also referred to as Sprühelektroden, can be selected either negative or positive relative to the reference potential ground.
  • the cleaning of the collector, so the second vortex chamber 3, can take place in that the second vortex chamber 3 removed and then freed, for example, by hand with the aid of water or special detergents from the particles deposited therein.
  • the tubular outlet 5 of the first vortex chamber 1 can be cleaned during the cleaning work.
  • two electrostatic precipitators can be installed in parallel in the exhaust gas path. By flaps the flue gas stream can be deflected, so that during the cleaning of an electrostatic precipitator, the exhaust gas is discharged through the other electrostatic precipitator.
  • the electrostatic filter can be dimensioned so that a cleaning cycle of one to two months can be achieved during the usual operation of an automatic furnace as the main heat generator. Sporadic operation of the firing system results in correspondingly longer cleaning cycles.

Landscapes

  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Filtre électrique pour une installation de chauffage avec une admission pour gaze de fumée (2) et une sortie pour gaze de fumée (4), ainsi que une première chambre de tourbillon (1), composée par un secteur de canal à gaz tubulaire avec une admission de gaz de fumée (2) et un purge air (8) en descendant le courant à ce secteur de canal à gaz débouchant de façon rectangulaire de façon à ce que le gaz de fumée (GF) qui circule dans le secteur de canal à gaz aspire air de balayage (AB) par ce purge air (8) en raison de sa circulation et la réduction de pression suivante, et est mêlé avec le purge air et que une disposition d'électrodes pour filtre (6) existe qui est tenue par un isolateur (7) qui se trouve dans l'air de balayage (8) ayant deux électrodes (6.1) qui s'étendent en deux directions contraires et axiale et centralement dans la chambre de tourbillon (1), caractérisé en ce que une sortie tubulaire (5) s'étend diamétralement en face de l'admission du purge air (8) de la première chambre de tourbillon (1) à une deuxième chambre chambre de tourbillon (3), ainsi qu' une électrode (6.2) s'étendant rectangulairement aux électrodes (6.1) en direction centrale et axiale dedans la sortie tubulaire (5) laquelle aboutit à l'intérieur de la deuxième chambre de tourbillon (3) de façon à ce que le mélange de gaz de fumée (GF) et air de balayage exhalant la sortie change par force la direction chez 180° à l'intérieur de cette chambre de tourbillon (3) et que les particules qui se trouvent dans le mélange de cette chambre de tourbillon (3) s'édimentent aux murs de refend de cette chambre de tourbillon (3) et que cette chambre de tourbillon (3) à l'auteur où la sortie tubulaire (5) de la chambre de tourbillon (1) est insérée dans elle présente une sortie de gaz de fumé (4) pour le gaz de fumé (AL) déchargé des particules.
  2. Filtre électrique selon revendication de brevet 1 où la disposition d'électrodes pour filtre (6), est arrangée dans la première chambre de combustion (1) et se compose de électrodes se déroulant horizontalement (6.1) cependant une deuxième électrode déroulant verticalement (6.2) s'étend vers la sortie tubulaire (5), cependant les électrodes (6.1 et 6.2) sont formées en forme de bâton et déroulent pointus le chemin du bout.
  3. Filtre électrique selon une des revendications 1 à 2, où la première chambre de tourbillon (1) comporte une section transversale ou l'entré de gaz (2) à la première chambre de tourbillon (1) est arrangée de façon à ce que le gaz de fumé afflue tangentiellement, et la sortie tubulaire (5) et l'air de balayage (8) étant s'arrangent au centre de la première chambre de tourbillon (1).
  4. Filtre électrique selon une des revendications 1 à 3, avec au moins un plateau (11; 12; 13) lequel est disposé au isolateur (7).
  5. Filtre électrique selon revendication de brevet 4,avec un plateau (12;13) qui est encore plus grand que le plateau (11).
  6. Filtre électrique selon une des revendications 1 à 5, cependant la première chambre de tourbillon (1) est arrangée au dessus de la deuxième chambre de tourbillon (3) et où la sortie de gaz de fumé (4) est arrangée dans la région supérieure de la deuxième chambre de tourbillon (3).
  7. Filtre électrique selon une des revendications de brevet 1 a 6 avec un souffleur à barboter le gaz de fumé (GF) dans la première chambre de tourbillon (1).
  8. Filtre électrique selon une des revendications 1 à 7 avec un souffleur (10) à barboter purge air dans la première chambre de tourbillon (1).
EP05759643.9A 2004-08-11 2005-07-15 Electrofiltre pour installation de combustion Not-in-force EP1789198B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200410039118 DE102004039118B3 (de) 2004-08-11 2004-08-11 Elektrofilter für eine Feuerungsanlage
PCT/CH2005/000415 WO2006015504A1 (fr) 2004-08-11 2005-07-15 Electrofiltre pour installation de combustion

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1789198A1 EP1789198A1 (fr) 2007-05-30
EP1789198B1 true EP1789198B1 (fr) 2014-10-15

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EP05759643.9A Not-in-force EP1789198B1 (fr) 2004-08-11 2005-07-15 Electrofiltre pour installation de combustion

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EP (1) EP1789198B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102004039118B3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2006015504A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102006003028B4 (de) * 2006-01-20 2008-02-07 Schmatloch Nückel Technologietransfer Elektrofilter mit Selbstreinigungseinrichtung für eine Feuerungsanlage und Verfahren zum Betreiben des Elektrofilters
DE202006016244U1 (de) * 2006-10-24 2007-04-19 Vitek, Christian, Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Elektrostatische Reinigungsvorrichtung für die Rauchgase einer Feuerungsanlage
CH702125B1 (de) * 2007-03-27 2011-05-13 Rudolf Bolliger Dipl. Ei. Ing. Htl Elektrostatischer Feinstaubfilter.
AT504902B1 (de) 2007-09-13 2008-09-15 Buchta Peter Elektrofilter für eine feuerungsanlage
DE102008012151A1 (de) 2008-03-01 2009-09-10 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh Kollektorstufe eines elektrostatischen Abscheiders zur Reinigung von aus Verbrennungsprozessen entstandenem Rauchgas und Verfahren zum Betreiben
DE102008018207B3 (de) 2008-04-10 2010-01-28 Schiedel Ag Schornsteinsystem mit Elektrostaubfilter
AT506397B1 (de) 2008-09-11 2009-09-15 Peter Buchta Abscheideeinrichtung für partikel
EP2166286A1 (fr) 2008-09-23 2010-03-24 Kutzner + Weber GmbH Dispositif de filtrage de gaz d'échappement
DE102008049211B4 (de) 2008-09-27 2011-08-25 Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, 76131 Elektrostatischer Abscheider für die Reinigung von Rauchgasen
DE102008055732A1 (de) * 2008-11-04 2010-05-06 Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus Verfahren zur elektrischen Abscheidung von Aerosolen und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
DE102009044152A1 (de) 2009-04-02 2010-10-14 Georg Hipp Maschinenbau Gmbh Elektrofilter für den Einbau in Kamine für Heizanlagen und/oder für Kaminöfen und/oder in Abluftkanäle für Entstaubungsanlagen oder Abzugsanlagen
DE202009015654U1 (de) 2009-04-02 2010-07-01 Georg Hipp Maschinenbau Gmbh Elektrofilter für den Einbau in Kamine für Heizungsanlagen und/oder Kaminöfen und/oder Abluftkanäle für Entstaubungsanlagen oder Abzugsanlagen
DE202010005629U1 (de) 2010-06-11 2010-11-04 Hipp, Thomas Abgasreinigungsanordnung und Abluftreinigungsanordnung mit integriertem Elektrofilter für Heizungsanlagen und/oder für Kaminöfen und/oder Abluftkanäle für Entstaubungsanlagen oder Abzugsanlagen
AT515897B1 (de) * 2014-04-03 2016-03-15 Gilles En Und Umwelttechnik Gmbh & Co Kg Heizkessel
CN109395884B (zh) * 2018-10-25 2020-11-10 浙江三尼科技有限公司 一种应用于废气净化深度处理的装置
AT522079B1 (de) * 2019-02-26 2020-08-15 Hargassner Gmbh Heizkessel
DE102019105776A1 (de) 2019-03-07 2020-09-10 Karlsruher Institut für Technologie Elektrostatischer Abscheider für die Reinigung von Rauchgasen
DE102020133670A1 (de) 2020-12-16 2022-06-23 Karlsruher Institut für Technologie Elektrostatischer Abscheider für die Reinigung und Desinfektion von Gasen
EP4332436A1 (fr) * 2022-09-01 2024-03-06 SL-Technik GmbH Installation de chauffage à biomasse dotée d'un dispositif de filtre électrostatique amélioré

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1262212A (fr) * 1960-07-05 1961-05-26 Metallgesellschaft Ag Dispositif de rinçage des isolateurs
US5421863A (en) 1992-09-11 1995-06-06 Trion, Inc. Self-cleaning insulator for use in an electrostatic precipitator
NO308238B1 (no) * 1998-12-04 2000-08-21 Applied Plasma Physics As FremgangsmÕte og anordning for rensing av utslipp i forbindelse med oppvarming og ventilasjon av bygninger

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Publication number Publication date
EP1789198A1 (fr) 2007-05-30
DE102004039118B3 (de) 2005-08-11
WO2006015504A1 (fr) 2006-02-16

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