EP1781761A2 - Compositions lubrifiantes contenant un ester d'un agent d'acylation polycarboxylique - Google Patents

Compositions lubrifiantes contenant un ester d'un agent d'acylation polycarboxylique

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Publication number
EP1781761A2
EP1781761A2 EP05775506A EP05775506A EP1781761A2 EP 1781761 A2 EP1781761 A2 EP 1781761A2 EP 05775506 A EP05775506 A EP 05775506A EP 05775506 A EP05775506 A EP 05775506A EP 1781761 A2 EP1781761 A2 EP 1781761A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
acid
composition
group
lubricating
oil
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP05775506A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Hsinheng Li
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Lubrizol Corp
Original Assignee
Lubrizol Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lubrizol Corp filed Critical Lubrizol Corp
Publication of EP1781761A2 publication Critical patent/EP1781761A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
    • C10M169/041—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being macromolecular compounds only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
    • C10M169/044—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being a mixture of non-macromolecular and macromolecular compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
    • C10M2205/026—Butene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/282—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic oolycarboxylic acids
    • C10M2207/2825—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic oolycarboxylic acids used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/285—Esters of aromatic polycarboxylic acids
    • C10M2207/2855—Esters of aromatic polycarboxylic acids used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/045—Metal containing thio derivatives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/04—Groups 2 or 12
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/02—Pour-point; Viscosity index
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/04—Detergent property or dispersant property
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/04—Detergent property or dispersant property
    • C10N2030/041—Soot induced viscosity control
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/10—Inhibition of oxidation, e.g. anti-oxidants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/40—Low content or no content compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/54—Fuel economy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a novel lubricating composition containing (a) a major amount of an ester of a polycarboxylic acylating agent; and (b) at least one compound from: (i) a metal hydrocarbyl dithiophosphate, or (ii) a viscosity modifier.
  • the invention further relates to the use of the novel lubricating compositions in high temperature engines.
  • US Patent 5,164,122 discloses a thermal oxidatively stable composition containing an aromatic carboxylic acid ester with the proviso that at least one ester group is derived from a neo-alcohol.
  • the composition may also contain a Group II metal phosphorodithioate including a zinc dialkylphosphorodithioate or zinc a non-aromatic phosphorodithioate (e.g. zinc dicyclohexyl phosphorodithioate).
  • Japanese Patent Application 1998204461 A discloses an internal combustion engine with a lubricating oil derived from 5-100 % of an ester of pyromellitic acid and at least 2 alcohols with 10 or fewer carbon atoms.
  • the lubricating oil has oxidative stability and thermal stability.
  • Japanese Patent Application 1994136374A discloses a lubricating oil composition containing a pyromellitic acid ester present at 0.1 wt % or more.
  • the lubricating oil composition has thermal stability and lubricity which allows for use in severe conditions such as in an engine oil.
  • the alcohol used to prepare the ester contains 1 to 24 carbon atoms, such as 2-ethylhexyl alcohol.
  • Mirci et al. (Synthetic Lubrication, 33-40, 17(1), 2000) discloses that an oil of lubricating viscosity derived from a pyromellitic ester where the ester groups are derived from a mixture of aliphatic alcohols.
  • the oil of lubricating viscosity has thermal resistance properties for high temperature applications.
  • a synthetic aromatic compound as the oil of lubricating viscosity in a high temperature (or adiabatic) engine has been limited because formulations using conventional additives have resulted in excessive deposit formation, increased acid formation (often referred to as TAN or Total Acid Number) as well as increased oil viscosity due to increased oxidation. Further it is known that operating an engine at higher temperatures increases fuel economy and decreases emissions of particulate matter.
  • compositions capable of at least one of increased fuel economy, decreased emissions of particulate matter, increased oxidative stability and decreased deposit formation.
  • the invention provides compositions with at least one of increased fuel economy, decreased emissions of particulate matter, increased oxidative stability and decreased deposit formation.
  • the present invention provides a lubricating composition
  • a lubricating composition comprising: (a) a major amount of an ester of a polycarboxylic acylating agent; and (b) at least one compound from: (i) a metal hydrocarbyl dithiophosphate, or (ii) a viscosity modifier, wherein the metal hydrocarbyl dithiophosphate contains at least one hydrocarbyl group including an aryl functional group, a substituted-aryl functional group or mixtures thereof.
  • the invention further provides a process for preparing a metal hydrocarbyl dithiophosphate comprising the steps of:
  • step (1) optionally stripping the inert medium, wherein the process of step (1) is carried out in the presence of a viscosity reducing amount of an inert medium in one embodiment containing less than about 0.05 wt
  • the invention further provides a method for lubricating an internal combustion engine comprising supplying thereto the lubricating composition of the invention.
  • the invention further provides the use of the lubricating composition of the invention for imparting at least one property selected from increased fuel economy, decreased emissions of particulate matter, increased oxidative stability and decreased deposit formation.
  • the present invention provides a lubricating composition comprising:
  • the present invention includes an ester of a polycarboxylic acylating agent.
  • the ester of a polycarboxylic acylating agent includes those represented by the formula (I): - A -
  • each R, R 1 and R 2 are independently hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group with the proviso that at least one is a hydrocarbyl group and in another embodiment all of R, R 1 and R 2 are a hydrocarbyl group;
  • Ar is an aromatic moiety; x is an integer from O to about 4; n is an integer from 1 to about 4; and a is an integer from 1 to about 4.
  • each hydrocarbyl group may be the same or different.
  • the hydrocarbyl group contains 1 to about 24 carbon atoms, in another embodiment 2 to 20 carbon atoms and in another embodiment 4 to 18 carbon atoms.
  • the hydrocarbyl group is an alkyl group and in another embodiment a cyclic group such as an aryl group or a cycloalkyl group; or substituted derivatives thereof.
  • the aromatic moiety, Ar includes a single aromatic nucleus such as a benzene nucleus or a polynuclear aromatic moiety.
  • Such polynuclear moieties include a fused ring system; that is, wherein at least two aromatic nuclei are fused at two points to another nucleus such as found in naphthalene, anthracene, etc.
  • the aromatic moiety is in the form of a bridging compound.
  • the bridging compound contains a suitable linking bridge such as a carbon-to-carbon single bond, an ether linkage, a keto linkage, an alkylene linkage or mixtures of such divalent bridging linkages.
  • the aromatic moiety Ar includes those derived from an aromatic carboxylic acid an aromatic anhydride, an aromatic ester or mixtures thereof. Specific embodiments include compounds represented by formulae (II) to (IX) wherein R, R 1 and a are as defined as described above:
  • Examples of an aromatic moiety where it is a linked polynuclear aromatic moiety include compounds of formulae (VIII) and (IX): and
  • Z is an ether linkage, a keto linkage, a methylene linkage, a sulfur linkage, a -C(CH 3 ) 2 - linkage or mixtures thereof.
  • Examples of a suitable aromatic carboxylic acid include phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, hemimellitic acid, trimellitic acid, pyromellitic acid, trimesic acid, naphthalene 1,8-dicarboxylic acid, naphthalene 2,3-dicarboxylic acid, naphthalene- 1,4-dicarboxylic acid, naphthalene 2,6-dicarboxylic acid and naphthalene 2,3,6-tricarboxylic acid or mixtures thereof.
  • Examples of a suitable aromatic carboxylic anhydride include phthalic anhydride, 1,8-naphthalic anhydride, 2,3-naphthalic anhydride, 2,3,7,8-naphthalic dianhydride, trimellitic anhydride, pyromellitic anhydride, mellitic anhydride and benzophenonetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride or mixtures thereof.
  • Aromatic carboxylic acid esters which may be used to prepare the products of this invention by transesterification are represented by the formula:
  • R is a hydrocarbyl group containing from 1 to 24 carbon atoms, in another embodiment 2 to 20 carbon atoms and in another embodiment 3 to 16 carbon atoms.
  • a suitable aromatic ester include dimethyl phthalate, trimethyl trimellitate, diethyl phthalate, dimethyl naphthalene- 2,6-dicarboxylate, a tetraalkyl pyromellitate or mixtures thereof.
  • the aromatic ester is a tetraalkyl pyromellitate or mixtures thereof.
  • the amount of an ester of a polycarboxylic acylating agent present in the lubricating composition in one embodiment is 50 wt % to 99.9 wt %, in another embodiment 65 wt % to 99 wt %, in another embodiment 75 wt % to 99 wt % and in another embodiment 85 wt % to 98.5 wt %.
  • the invention optionally includes oil of lubricating viscosity other than an ester of a polycarboxylic acylating agent.
  • oil of lubricating viscosity other than the ester of a polycarboxylic acylating agent is present and in another embodiment is absent.
  • the oil of lubricating viscosity other than the ester of a polycarboxylic acylating agent is present in one embodiment at up to 10 wt %, in another embodiment at up to 5 wt %, in another embodiment at less than 2 wt % and in another embodiment at less than 0.5 wt % of the lubricating composition.
  • the oil of lubricating viscosity other than the ester of a polycarboxylic acylating agent is free of an API Group I oil.
  • the term "free of an API Group I oil” means less than 2 wt % of the inert medium, in one embodiment less than 1 wt % of the inert medium, in another embodiment less than 0.25 wt % of the inert medium and in yet another embodiment 0 wt % of the inert medium.
  • Oils of lubricating viscosity other than the ester of a polycarboxylic acylating agent may be defined as specified in the American Petroleum Institute (API) Base Oil Interchangeability Guidelines.
  • the five base oil groups are as follows: Group I (sulphur content >0.03 wt %, and/or ⁇ 90 wt % saturates, viscosity index 80-120); Group II (sulphur content ⁇ 0.03 wt %, and >90 wt % saturates, viscosity index 80-120); Group III (sulphur content ⁇ 0.03 wt %, and >90 wt % saturates, viscosity index >120); Group IV (all polyalphaolefins (PAO's)); and Group V (all others not included in Groups I, II, III, or IV).
  • PAO's polyalphaolefins
  • the oil of lubricating viscosity comprises an API Group I, Group II, Group III, Group IV, Group V oil and mixtures thereof exclusive of esters of aromatic polycarboxylic acylating agents as previously described.
  • the oil of lubricating viscosity other than the ester of a polycarboxylic acylating agent includes an API Group II, Group III, Group IV, Group V oil or mixtures thereof.
  • oils include natural and synthetic oils, oil derived from hydrocracking, hydro genation, and hydrofinishing, unrefined, refined and re-refined oils and mixtures thereof.
  • Unrefined oils are those obtained directly from a natural or synthetic source generally without (or with little) further purification treatment.
  • Refined oils are similar to the unrefined oils except they have been , further treated in one or more purification steps to improve one or more properties. Purification techniques are known in the art and include solvent extraction, secondary distillation, acid or base extraction, filtration, percolation and the like.
  • Re-refined oils are also known as reclaimed or reprocessed oils, and are obtained by processes similar to those used to obtain refined oils and often are additionally processed by techniques directed to removal of spent additives and oil breakdown products.
  • Natural oils useful in making the inventive lubricants include animal oils, vegetable oils (e.g., castor oil, lard oil), mineral lubricating oils such as liquid petroleum oils and solvent-treated or acid-treated mineral lubricating oils of the paraffinic, naphthenic or mixed paraffinic-naphthenic types and oils derived from coal or shale or mixtures thereof.
  • animal oils e.g., castor oil, lard oil
  • mineral lubricating oils such as liquid petroleum oils and solvent-treated or acid-treated mineral lubricating oils of the paraffinic, naphthenic or mixed paraffinic-naphthenic types and oils derived from coal or shale or mixtures thereof.
  • Synthetic lubricating oils are useful and include hydrocarbon oils such as polymerised and interpolymerised olefins (e.g., polybutylenes, polypropylenes, propyleneisobutylene copolymers); poly(l-hexenes), poly(l-octenes), poly(l- decenes), and mixtures thereof; alkyl-benzenes (e.g.
  • dodecylbenzenes tetradecylbenzenes, dinonylbenzenes, di-(2-ethylhexyl)-benzenes
  • polyphenyls e.g., biphenyls, terphenyls, alkylated polyphenyls
  • Other synthetic lubricating oils include but are not limited to liquid esters of phosphorus-containing acids (e.g., tricresyl phosphate, trioctyl phosphate, and the diethyl ester of decane phosphonic acid), and polymeric tetrahydrofurans.
  • Synthetic oils may be produced by Fischer- Tropsch reactions and typically may be hydroisomerised Fischer- Tropsch hydrocarbons or waxes.
  • the invention optionally includes a metal hydrocarbyl dithiophosphate.
  • the metal hydrocarbyl dithiophosphate is present and in another embodiment is absent.
  • the metal hydrocarbyl dithiophosphate is present in one embodiment from 0.01 wt % to 10 wt %, in another embodiment from 0.03 wt % to 6 wt % and in another embodiment from 0.05 wt % to 4 wt % of the lubricating composition.
  • the metal hydrocarbyl dithiophosphate contains at least one hydrocarbyl group from an aryl functional group, a substituted-aryl functional group or mixtures thereof.
  • the hydrocarbyl dithiophosphate includes those represented by the formula (XI):
  • R and R are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl groups or mixtures thereof; with the proviso that at least one is an aryl functional group, a substituted- aryl functional group or mixtures thereof.
  • both R 4 and R 5 are independently an aryl functional group or a substituted-aryl functional group.
  • R is an aryl functional group or a substituted-aryl functional group and R 5 is an acyclic group or an alkyl group.
  • R 4 and/or R 5 is an aryl functional group or a substituted-aryl functional group the number of carbon atoms present within the aryl group in one embodiment is 5 to 22, in another embodiment 5 to 18 and in another embodiment 6 to 16.
  • R 5 is an acyclic group or an alkyl group the number of carbon atoms present in one embodiment is 1 to 30, in another embodiment 2 to 20 and in another embodiment 2 to 15.
  • R 4 and/or R 5 is a substituted-aryl functional group
  • the number of carbon atoms present on the aryl ring is as described above and any substituted group is a hydrocarbyl group.
  • the number of carbon atoms present in the substituted group in one embodiment includes 1 to 30, in another embodiment 2 to 20 and in another embodiment 2 to 15.
  • M' is a metal, and n is an integer equal to the available valence of M'.
  • M' is mono- or di- or tri- valent, in one embodiment divalent and in another embodiment a divalent transition metal.
  • M' is zinc.
  • M' is calcium.
  • M' is barium.
  • Examples of a metal hydrocarbyl dithiophosphate include zinc dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphates (often referred to as ZDDP, ZDP or ZDTP).
  • Examples of a suitable zinc dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate include di- (O,O-octylphenyl) dithiophosphoric acid, di-(O,O-decylphenyl) dithiophosphoric acid, di-(O,O-undecylphenyl) dithiophosphoric acid, di-(O,O-tridecylphenyl) dithiophosphoric acid, di-(O,O-dodecylphenyl) dithiophosphoric acid, di-(O,O- tetradecylphenyl) dithiophosphoric acid, di-(O,O-octadecylphenyl) dithiophosphoric acid, di-(O,O-eicosylphenyl) dithiophosphoric acid or mixtures thereof.
  • Metal hydrocarbyl dithiophosphate compounds suitable for the invention may be prepared by techniques known in the art often using an API Group I oil of lubricating viscosity as a carrier medium.
  • the hydrocarbyl dithiophosphate compounds suitable for the invention include those from a process for preparing a metal hydrocarbyl dithiophosphate comprising the steps of:
  • step (1) optionally stripping the inert medium, wherein the process of step (1) is carried out in the presence of a solubilising amount of an inert medium containing less than about 0.05 wt % of an API Group I oil of lubricating viscosity.
  • Step (1) of the process is carried out in one embodiment at a temperature from 4O 0 C to 15O 0 C, in another embodiment 5O 0 C to 100 0 C and in another embodiment 55 0 C to 9O 0 C; and for a period of time in one embodiment from 1 minute to 12 hours, in another embodiment 30 minutes to 6 hours and in another embodiment 1 hour to 4 hours.
  • This process may also benefit from a lower carboxylic acid promoter such as acetic acid, propionic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, blends thereof, or a zinc salt of any such acid or blend.
  • the process further includes stripping the inert medium in vacuum and in another embodiment the inert medium is not stripped.
  • the inert medium is free of an API Group I oil of lubricating viscosity.
  • the metal base is usually in the form of an oxide, hydroxide and the metal is as described above for M'.
  • the inert medium contains in one embodiment less than 0.03 wt % of an
  • API Group I oil of lubricating viscosity and in another embodiment less than 0.01 wt% of an API Group I oil of lubricating viscosity.
  • the inert medium in one embodiment has a boiling point of 75 0 C to
  • Examples of a suitable inert medium include xylene, toluene or another oil of lubricating viscosity other than an API Group I oil such as an ester of a polycarboxylic acylating agent, Pilot TM 140 and Pilot TM 299 and Pilot TM 900
  • the invention optionally includes viscosity modifier such as a polyolefin or a polymethacrylate.
  • viscosity modifier such as a polyolefin or a polymethacrylate.
  • the viscosity modifier is present and in another embodiment is absent.
  • the polyolefin includes polypropene, polyisobutene, polybutene, polypentene or mixtures thereof.
  • the polymethacrylate includes copolymers of (i) a methacrylic acid ester containing 9 to 30 carbons in the ester group, (ii) a methacrylic acid ester containing 7 to 12 carbons in the ester group wherein the ester group contains a 2-
  • (C 1-4 alkyl)-substituent and optionally (iii) at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of a methacrylic acid ester containing from 2 to 8 carbon atoms in the ester group and which are different from methacrylic acid esters used in (i) and
  • the composition may include at least one performance additive other than components (a)-(b), selected from the group consisting of metal deactivators, detergents, dispersant, antioxidants, antiwear agents other than a metal hydrocarbyl dithiophosphate, corrosion inhibitors, antiscuffing agents, extreme pressure agents, foam inhibitors, demulsifiers, friction modifiers, pour point depressants and mixtures thereof.
  • at least one performance additive other than components (a)-(b) selected from the group consisting of metal deactivators, detergents, dispersant, antioxidants, antiwear agents other than a metal hydrocarbyl dithiophosphate, corrosion inhibitors, antiscuffing agents, extreme pressure agents, foam inhibitors, demulsifiers, friction modifiers, pour point depressants and mixtures thereof.
  • Typically, fully-formulated lubricating oil will contain one or more of these performance additives.
  • the composition contains at least one optional performance additive including an antioxidant and/or an extreme pressure agent/antiwear agent.
  • the total combined amount of the other performance additives present on an oil free basis may be 0 wt % to 10 wt %, in one embodiment 0.1 wt % to 8 wt %, in another embodiment 0.2 to 6 and in yet another embodiment 1 wt % to 5 wt % of the composition.
  • Dispersants 0 wt % to 10 wt %, in one embodiment 0.1 wt % to 8 wt %, in another embodiment 0.2 to 6 and in yet another embodiment 1 wt % to 5 wt % of the composition.
  • Dispersants are often known as ashless dispersants because, prior to mixing in a lubricating oil composition, they do not contain ash-forming metals and they do not normally contribute any ash forming metals when added to a lubricant and polymeric dispersants.
  • Ashless dispersants are characterised by a polar group attached to a relatively high molecular weight hydrocarbon chain.
  • Typical ashless dispersants include N-substituted long chain alkenyl succinimides. Examples of N- substituted long chain alkenyl succinimides include polyisobutylene succinimide with number average molecular weight of the polyisobutylene substituent in the range 350 to 5000, in one embodiment 500 to 3000.
  • Succinimide dispersants and their preparation are disclosed, for instance in US Patent 4,234,435.
  • the dispersants may also be post-treated by conventional methods by a reaction with any of a variety of agents. Among these are urea, thiourea, dimercaptothiadiazoles, carbon disulfide, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, hydrocarbon-substituted succinic anhydrides, maleic anhydride, acrylonitriles, epoxides, boron compounds, and phosphorus compounds.
  • Antioxidants are urea, thiourea, dimercaptothiadiazoles, carbon disulfide, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, hydrocarbon-substituted succinic anhydrides, maleic anhydride, acrylonitriles, epoxides, boron compounds, and phosphorus compounds.
  • Antioxidant compounds include a diphenylamine, a hindered phenol, a molybdenum dithiocarbamate, a sulphurised olefin and mixtures thereof. Antioxidant compounds may be used alone or in combination. Especially useful alkylated diphenylamines include octyl diphenylamine, nonyl diphenylamine, bis-octyl diphenylamine and bis-nonyl diphenylamine. [0064] The hindered phenol antioxidant often contains a secondary butyl and/or a tertiary butyl group as a sterically hindering group.
  • the phenol group is often further substituted with a hydrocarbyl group and/or a bridging group linking to a second aromatic group.
  • suitable hindered phenol antioxidants include 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, 4-methyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, 4-ethyl-2,6-di-tert- butylphenol, 4-propyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol or 4-butyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol.
  • the hindered phenol antioxidant is an ester.
  • a more detailed description of hindered phenol suitable antioxidant chemistry is disclosed in US 6,559,105.
  • antioxidants are also commercially available from Ciba Specialty Chemicals and include a variety of Irgalube® products including L135, L57 or mixtures thereof.
  • Extreme Pressure Agent/ Antiwear Agent is also commercially available from Ciba Specialty Chemicals and include a variety of Irgalube® products including L135, L57 or mixtures thereof.
  • the extreme pressure (EP) agent/antiwear agents that are soluble in the oil include sulphur- and chlorosulphur-containing EP agents, chlorinated hydrocarbon EP agents and phosphorus EP agents.
  • EP agents include chlorinated wax; organic sulphides and polysulphides such as benzyldisulphide, bis-(chlorobenzyl) disulphide, dibutyl tetrasulphide, sulphurised methyl ester of oleic acid, sulphurised alkylphenol, sulphurised dipentene, sulphurised terpene, and sulphurised Diels-Alder adducts; phosphosulphurised hydrocarbons such as the reaction product of phosphorus sulphide with turpentine or methyl oleate; phosphorus esters such as the dihydrocarbon and trihydrocarbon phosphites or phosphates, e.g., dibutyl phosphite
  • corrosion inhibitors including octylamine octanoate, condensation products of dodecenyl succinic acid or anhydride and a fatty acid such as oleic acid with a polyamine
  • metal deactivators including derivatives of benzotriazoles, 1,2,4-triazoles, benzimidazoles, 2- alkyldithiobenzimidazoles or 2-alkyldithiobenzothiazoles
  • foam inhibitors including copolymers of ethyl acrylate and 2-ethylhexylacrylate and optionally vinyl acetate
  • demulsifiers including trialkyl phosphates, polyethylene glycols, polyethylene oxides, polypropylene oxides and (ethylene oxide-propylene oxide) polymers
  • pour point depressants including esters of maleic anhydride-styrene, polymethacrylates, polyacrylates or polyacrylamides
  • friction modifiers including fatty acid derivatives such as amines
  • the invention also includes a process to prepare the lubricating composition of the invention, comprising mixing:
  • the mixing conditions are typically 15°C to 130°C, in one embodiment 20°C to 120°C and in another embodiment 25°C to HO 0 C; and for a period of time in the range 30 seconds to 48 hours, in one embodiment 2 minutes to 24 hours, and in another embodiment 5 minutes to 16 hours; and at pressures in the range 86.4 kPa to 266 kPa (650 mm Hg to 2000 mm Hg), in one embodiment 91.8 kPa to 200 kPa (690 mm Hg to 1500 mm Hg), and in another embodiment 95.1 kPa to 133 IcPa (715 mm Hg to 1000 mm Hg).
  • the process optionally includes mixing other performance additives as described above.
  • the optional performance additives may be added sequentially, separately or as a concentrate.
  • the metal hydrocarbyl dithiophosphate or additive package therefrom is in the form of a concentrate (which may be combined with additional oil to form, in whole or in part, a finished lubricant), the ratio of each of the above-mentioned components, as well as other components, to diluent oil is typically in the range of 80:20 to 10:90 by weight.
  • the additional oil is desirably an ester of said aromatic polycarboxylic acylating agent.
  • the lubricating composition of the invention is useful in an internal combustion engines, for example diesel fuelled engines, gasoline fuelled engines, natural gas fuelled engines or a mixed gasoline/alcohol fuelled engines.
  • an internal combustion engine for example diesel fuelled engines, gasoline fuelled engines, natural gas fuelled engines or a mixed gasoline/alcohol fuelled engines.
  • In one embodiment of the invention provides a method for lubricating an internal combustion engine especially an adiabatic engine or an engine containing ceramic parts, comprising supplying thereto a lubricant comprising the lubricating composition as described herein.
  • the materials of these ceramic parts include those discussed in US 5,733,853 and in particular in column 3, lines 31-61.
  • engine operates at an elevated temperature.
  • this elevated temperature is measured at the cylinder wall at the top ring reversal (TRR) position as discussed in column 5, lines 54-59 of US 5,733,853. In one embodiment this TRR position temperature is at least 250° C or at least 300° C.
  • the invention is suitable for 2-stroke or 4-stroke engines.
  • a reactor equipped with mechanical stirrer, addition funnel, nitrogen inlet, thermo wheel, Dean Stark trap and condenser was charged with 1364g of zinc oxide, 10. Ig of zinc acetate, 7g of water and 40Og of toluene.
  • the slurry was stirred at room temperature until homogenous. While stirring, the di (0,0-dodecylphenyl) dithiophosphoric acid was added via the addition funnel over a period of 2 hours.
  • the reaction mixture was then heated to 65 0 C and held for 2.5 hours under vacuum at 13 kPa ( ⁇ 100 mm Hg).
  • the reaction mixture was filtered.
  • the filtered product was then heated to 100 0 C under vacuum at 1.3 kPa ( ⁇ 10 mmHg) to remove all the toluene and water.
  • the final product has TBN (total base number mg/KOH g) of the product is 6.5, a phosphorus content of 4.3 %, a sulphur content of 10 % and a zinc content of 5.4 %.
  • Example 1 contains 96.1 wt % pyromellitic acid ester (commercially available from Inolex as 4PM- 114TM); 1.9 wt % of an antioxidant; 1.3 wt % of an extreme pressure/antiwear agent from a phosphate ester; and 0.7 wt % of the product of Preparative Example 1.
  • Example 2 is the same as Example 1, except the composition further contains 8 wt % of a polybutene (commercially available as IndopolTM H-100 from
  • Example 3 is the same as Example 2, except the product of Preparative
  • Example 1 is absent.
  • Reference Example 3 is the same as Example 1, except product of
  • Test 1 Thermal/Oxidative Stability Test
  • the analysis of the experimental data obtained indicates that the lubricating composition of the invention have increased oxidative stability and decreased deposit formation at a high temperature environment. As a consequence the lubricating composition of the invention may also result in increased fuel economy and decreased emissions of particulate matter.
  • hydrocarbyl substituent or “hydrocarbyl group,” as used herein are used in its ordinary sense, which is well-known to those skilled in the art. Specifically, it refers to a group primarily composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms and attached to the remainder of the molecule through a carbon atom and which does not exclude the presence of other atoms or groups in a proportion insufficient to detract from the molecule having a predominantly hydrocarbon character. In general, no more than two, in one aspect no more than one, non-hydrocarbon substituent will be present for every ten carbon atoms in the hydrocarbyl group; typically, there will be no non-hydrocarbon substituents in the hydrocarbyl group. A more detailed definition of the terms "hydrocarbyl substituent” or “hydrocarbyl group,” is provided in US Patent Number 6,583,092.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une composition lubrifiante contenant: a) une quantité principale d'un ester d'un agent d'acylation polycarboxylique; et b) au moins un composé obtenu à partir de: i) un hydrocarbyle dithiophosphate de métal, ou ii) un modificateur de viscosité, l'hydrocarbyle dithiophosphate de métal contenant au moins un groupe hydrocarbyle comprenant un groupe fonctionnel aryle, un groupe fonctionnel substitué par aryle, ou leurs mélanges. Cette composition convient pour des moteurs fonctionnant à haute température, en particulier un moteur contenant de la céramique, en ce qu'elle permet de réaliser des économies de carburant, ou de réduire les émissions de matières particulaires, ou d'augmenter la stabilité oxydative et de réduire la formation de dépôts.
EP05775506A 2004-07-27 2005-07-26 Compositions lubrifiantes contenant un ester d'un agent d'acylation polycarboxylique Withdrawn EP1781761A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US59132504P 2004-07-27 2004-07-27
PCT/US2005/026483 WO2006014950A2 (fr) 2004-07-27 2005-07-26 Compositions lubrifiantes contenant un ester d'un agent d'acylation polycarboxylique

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WO2023016908A1 (fr) * 2021-08-12 2023-02-16 Klueber Lubrication Muenchen Se & Co. Kg Utilisation d'esters d'acide hémimellitique en tant qu'huile de base pour des compositions lubrifiantes

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GB696064A (en) * 1950-02-27 1953-08-26 Wakefield & Co Ltd C C Lubricating compositions
GB8629690D0 (en) * 1985-12-20 2013-10-16 Stauffer Chemical Co High temperature synthetic lubricant
US5164122A (en) * 1988-04-18 1992-11-17 The Lubrizol Corporation Thermal oxidatively stable synthetic fluid composition
JP3176888B2 (ja) * 1998-10-30 2001-06-18 日石三菱株式会社 内燃機関用潤滑油基油及び潤滑油組成物
JP4049916B2 (ja) * 1998-12-25 2008-02-20 出光興産株式会社 高温用潤滑油組成物

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CA2574922A1 (fr) 2006-02-09
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