EP1778974A1 - Triebstrang einer windkraftanlage - Google Patents

Triebstrang einer windkraftanlage

Info

Publication number
EP1778974A1
EP1778974A1 EP05762970A EP05762970A EP1778974A1 EP 1778974 A1 EP1778974 A1 EP 1778974A1 EP 05762970 A EP05762970 A EP 05762970A EP 05762970 A EP05762970 A EP 05762970A EP 1778974 A1 EP1778974 A1 EP 1778974A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drive
rotor
torque
auxiliary drive
speed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP05762970A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Gerald Hehenberger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AMSC Windtec GmbH
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP1778974A1 publication Critical patent/EP1778974A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • F03D9/255—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator connected to electrical distribution networks; Arrangements therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D15/00—Transmission of mechanical power
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D15/00—Transmission of mechanical power
    • F03D15/10—Transmission of mechanical power using gearing not limited to rotary motion, e.g. with oscillating or reciprocating members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/022—Adjusting aerodynamic properties of the blades
    • F03D7/0224—Adjusting blade pitch
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/022—Adjusting aerodynamic properties of the blades
    • F03D7/024—Adjusting aerodynamic properties of the blades of individual blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/0276—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor controlling rotor speed, e.g. variable speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/04—Automatic control; Regulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/04—Automatic control; Regulation
    • F03D7/042—Automatic control; Regulation by means of an electrical or electronic controller
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/10—Purpose of the control system
    • F05B2270/101—Purpose of the control system to control rotational speed (n)
    • F05B2270/1014—Purpose of the control system to control rotational speed (n) to keep rotational speed constant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/72—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously
    • F16H3/724—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously using external powered electric machines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/19—Gearing
    • Y10T74/1987—Rotary bodies

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a drive train of a wind turbine with a rotor as a drive for a transmission, wherein on a rotor hub of the rotor rotatable about its longitudinal axis rotor blades are mounted, connected to the transmission and to a power supply alternator and with a variable speed auxiliary drive for the Transmission.
  • the invention further relates to a method for controlling the speed or the torque in a drive train of a wind power plant, in which an alternator is driven by a transmission, which in turn is driven by a rotor shaft of a wind power plant and an auxiliary drive.
  • the auxiliary drive in turn is in the prior art eben ⁇ if connected to the generator shaft, via a Um ⁇ richter and another generator or motor, which is coupled directly to the drive shaft of the alternator.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to provide a Triebs ⁇ strand with the features of the preamble of claim 1, which manages with less effort for the speed and torque control of the drive train and reduces the burden on the entire system. This object is achieved with a drive train having the features of claim 1.
  • the path is taken by individual control of the position of the rotor blades or of parts of the rotor blades, i. their pitch ("pitch") to the direction of rotation of the rotor or to the wind direction to achieve a homogenization of the Dreh ⁇ number of the drive train or the drive torque in conjunction with the auxiliary drive and to reduce the burden on the entire system.
  • auxiliary drive with the individual position control of the rotor blades further leads to the fact that the auxiliary drive can be made smaller in terms of its rated power.
  • the auxiliary drive for example, a 4-pole three-phase machine, even in the field weakening range (eg -2000 / min "" 1 ) is possible, whereas the auxiliary drive in generative operation is designed for a speed range up to, for example, + 1500 rpm.
  • the larger speed spread of the auxiliary drive makes a smaller nominal power of the auxiliary drive possible, since the necessary power of the auxiliary drive is proportional to the rated power of the system and to the speed range (slip).
  • the auxiliary drive may additionally be used in accordance with the invention to dampen driveline oscillations caused by the internal driveline dynamics.
  • a measuring device for detecting the rotational speed or arranged the torque on the output shaft of the transmission or on the drive shaft of the rotary current generator, a measuring device for detecting the rotational speed or arranged the torque.
  • the vibrations detected in this case can be used for a correspondingly coordinated drive of the auxiliary drive, whereby the drive train vibrations can be attenuated as a whole.
  • a measuring device for detecting the rotational speed or the torque to be arranged in the connection region of the auxiliary drive to the transmission and / or to the rotor shaft, since drive vibrations can also be detected well at this point.
  • the auxiliary drive is an asynchronous machine, which is connected via a converter to the power grid.
  • the required power in the case of a motor-driven drive is therefore taken directly from the power grid or reduces the power fed into the grid by the three-phase generator. Any resulting regenerative power is fed via the inverter into the power grid.
  • the auxiliary drive can also be a hydrostatic or hydrodynamic drive or torque converter.
  • the three-phase generator is a synchronous generator.
  • FIG. 1 shows a circuit diagram of a drive train of a wind power plant according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows schematically an embodiment of the drive train with a planetary gear
  • FIG. 3 shows the course of the torque over time without the rotor blade adjustment and driveline damping according to the invention
  • FIG the course of the torque over time with the invention
  • a rotor 1 with rotor blades 2 drives a gear, preferably a planetary gear 4, via a rotor shaft 3.
  • a gear preferably a planetary gear 4
  • On the planetary gear 4 are a Dreh ⁇ current machine, in the illustrated embodiment synchronous machine 5 via a main shaft 6 and an auxiliary drive, for example in the form of a Asynchronous machine 7, connected via an auxiliary shaft 8.
  • the synchronous machine 5 is coupled directly to the grid via a line 9, whereas the asynchronous machine 7 is connected via an inverter 10 and a line filter 11 to the line 9 or the power network 12.
  • a transformer 13 and a main switch 14 can be switched between the line 9 and the power network 12.
  • Controlled the entire system of a control unit 15.
  • This control unit receives the following data: Via lines 16 and 17, the speed of the drive shaft 6 of the synchronous machine 5 and the auxiliary shaft 8 of the asynchronous machine 7. Via a line 18, the current of the asynchronous machine. Via a line 19, the DC link voltage of the inverter 10. Via a line 20 the line-side current. Via a line 21, the line-side voltage of the synchronous machine. Via a line 22, the line-side current and a line 23, the network-side voltage.
  • the control unit 15 calculates the corresponding setting values for the control of the individual components of the drive train.
  • the drives are controlled via a line 24 with which each rotor blade 2 individually adjusted, i. can be twisted about its longitudinal axis.
  • Via another line 25 the excitation of the synchronous machine 5 is controlled.
  • Via two lines 26 and 27 of the asynchronous machine side and the network-side part of the inverter 10 are controlled.
  • the main switch 14 is turned on and off.
  • the synchronous machine 5 Since the synchronous machine 5 is directly network-coupled, its speed is constant. At 50 Hz mains frequency, therefore, the speed of the synchronous machine is 3000 rpm "1 / p. Depending on the pole pair number p, the rotational speed can therefore be 3000 min -1 , 1500 min -1 , 1000 min -1 and so on. Since the wind turbine is to be operated with a variable speed of the rotor 1, the auxiliary drive 7 is used for speed compensation between the rotor and synchronous machine. As an auxiliary drive fed via the inverter 10 asynchronous machine (squirrel cage) is used. The converter is designed as a voltage source converter in which the switching elements are eg IGBTs.
  • a field-oriented control of the asynchronous machine 7 allows an accurate and combindy ⁇ namic adjustment of the torque.
  • the network-side part of the inverter 10 is also designed as an inverter, so that a Power flow in both directions is possible, ie the Asynchron ⁇ machine 7 can be used both as a generator and as a motor.
  • the coupling of the inverter 10 to the network 12 requires a line filter (sine wave filter) to limit the switching-frequency harmonic currents of the inverter 10 to the permissible level.
  • the speed of the synchronous machine 5 is constant.
  • the auxiliary drive 7 supplies the differential rotational speed and differential power between the rotor 1 and the synchronous machine 5. With small rotor powers or rotor speeds, the auxiliary drive 7 operates by motor, with larger outputs or rotational speeds as a generator.
  • the two manipulated variables for power control of the wind turbine are the pitch angle of the rotor blades 2 ("pitch") and the torque or the rotational speed of the auxiliary drive 7.
  • the torque of the auxiliary drive 7 is proportional to the torque of the synchronous machine 5 or propor ⁇ tional to the torque of the rotor 1.
  • the setting of a certain torque on the auxiliary drive therefore corresponds to a Drehmomentein ⁇ position on the synchronous machine fifth
  • the blade angle of the rotor blades 2 is kept constant on average and the torque adjusted in proportion to the square of the rotor speed.
  • the rotor 1 is always operated with the best possible aerodynamic efficiency.
  • the average torque of the synchronous machine is kept constant and controlled by means of the adjustment of the blade angle of the rotor blades 2, a constant speed or constant power, the setpoint for this purpose setpoint for all Rotor blades is the same.
  • the specified setpoint specifications for the blade angle and the torque of the rotor 1 of the control of the individual rotor blades can be overlaid with additional values which can be individually controlled or controlled for each rotor blade in order to improve the dynamic behavior and thereby reduce the load on the entire rotor Reduce plant.
  • additional influencing variables arise, for example, from the different wind speeds as a function of the height of the rotating rotor blades above the ground and interference effects that arise in the area of the mast of the wind turbine.
  • the grid connection behavior of the synchronous machine 5 corresponds to that of a conventional power plant with a synchronous machine.
  • the reactive power of the system can be set freely within the load limits by the excitation of the synchronous machine.
  • the speed ranges of the synchronous machine 5 and the Asynchron ⁇ machine 7 can be set, for example, in a 2000 KW system as follows:
  • n SM 12.92.n rotor - 0.1335.n ASM
  • the rated power of the auxiliary drive 7 has to amount to approximately only about 17% of the rated output of the system, so that the overall result is an extremely stable feed behavior of the wind turbine into the grid.
  • a drive train according to the invention is shown schematically, in which a three-stage gear 4 is used.
  • the first planetary stage 4a is designed conventionally, that is, the rotor shaft 3 is connected as a drive shaft with a planet carrier 30 and an output shaft 31 with a sun gear 32.
  • the output shaft 31 of the first gear stage 4a is at the same time the drive shaft of the second gear stage 4b, which in turn is connected to a planet carrier 33.
  • the output shaft 35 of the second gear stage 4b connected to a sun gear 34 is connected to the drive shaft 6 of the synchronous machine via a third gear stage 36.
  • the ring gear 38 of the second gear stage 4b is rotatable and is an ⁇ driven by the auxiliary drive 7 via a spur gear 39 and a gear 38.
  • the ring gear is provided for this purpose with an inner and an outer toothing.
  • FIG. 3 shows the torque curve without individual rotor blade control and without driveline steaming
  • FIG. 4 shows the torque curve with individual rotor blade control and with driveline steaming according to the invention. From the comparison of the two curves, it can be seen that the individual rotor blade control with the driveline vaporization causes a significant comparison of the torque, especially in the nominal load range, which leads to a corresponding reduction of the loads and thus also optimized design of the transmission, the three-phase machine and of the Auxiliary drive leads.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
EP05762970A 2004-07-30 2005-08-01 Triebstrang einer windkraftanlage Withdrawn EP1778974A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT0131904A AT504818A1 (de) 2004-07-30 2004-07-30 Triebstrang einer windkraftanlage
PCT/AT2005/000302 WO2006010190A1 (de) 2004-07-30 2005-08-01 Triebstrang einer windkraftanlage

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1778974A1 true EP1778974A1 (de) 2007-05-02

Family

ID=35134119

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05762970A Withdrawn EP1778974A1 (de) 2004-07-30 2005-08-01 Triebstrang einer windkraftanlage

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (2) US7560824B2 (ja)
EP (1) EP1778974A1 (ja)
JP (1) JP2008508456A (ja)
KR (1) KR20070047303A (ja)
CN (1) CN101031719B (ja)
AT (1) AT504818A1 (ja)
AU (1) AU2005266829B2 (ja)
BR (1) BRPI0512646A (ja)
CA (1) CA2575095C (ja)
WO (1) WO2006010190A1 (ja)

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CN101031719B (zh) 2012-02-29
CN101031719A (zh) 2007-09-05
AT504818A1 (de) 2008-08-15
US20090302609A1 (en) 2009-12-10
US7560824B2 (en) 2009-07-14
WO2006010190A1 (de) 2006-02-02
JP2008508456A (ja) 2008-03-21
US7816798B2 (en) 2010-10-19
AU2005266829B2 (en) 2010-11-25
BRPI0512646A (pt) 2008-03-25
KR20070047303A (ko) 2007-05-04

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