EP1775385B1 - Spreading apparatus for servicing of roads in winter - Google Patents
Spreading apparatus for servicing of roads in winter Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1775385B1 EP1775385B1 EP05022390.8A EP05022390A EP1775385B1 EP 1775385 B1 EP1775385 B1 EP 1775385B1 EP 05022390 A EP05022390 A EP 05022390A EP 1775385 B1 EP1775385 B1 EP 1775385B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- spreading
- sliding surface
- rotation axis
- grit
- spreading disk
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Links
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 44
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 31
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- WHBHBVVOGNECLV-OBQKJFGGSA-N 11-deoxycortisol Chemical compound O=C1CC[C@]2(C)[C@H]3CC[C@](C)([C@@](CC4)(O)C(=O)CO)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 WHBHBVVOGNECLV-OBQKJFGGSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01H—STREET CLEANING; CLEANING OF PERMANENT WAYS; CLEANING BEACHES; DISPERSING OR PREVENTING FOG IN GENERAL CLEANING STREET OR RAILWAY FURNITURE OR TUNNEL WALLS
- E01H10/00—Improving gripping of ice-bound or other slippery traffic surfaces, e.g. using gritting or thawing materials ; Roadside storage of gritting or solid thawing materials; Permanently installed devices for applying gritting or thawing materials; Mobile apparatus specially adapted for treating wintry roads by applying liquid, semi-liquid or granular materials
- E01H10/007—Mobile apparatus specially adapted for preparing or applying liquid or semi-liquid thawing material or spreading granular material on wintry roads
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a winter service spreading device used in winter service spreading vehicles for spreading brine moistened with road salt.
- Such a scattering device is for example from the EP 1433 902 A2 and comprises a spreading plate, which is rotatable about a generally vertically oriented axis of rotation, and a sliding surface, which can be formed as a downpipe but also as a slide and usually over which the road salt is fed to the spreading plate from a road salt reservoir.
- the road salt falls due to gravity by a subsequent to the sliding surface mouthpiece on the spreading plate.
- the mouthpiece is directed radially inwards towards the center of the spreading disc where the road salt hits a central cone. Due to the rotation of the spreading plate, the road salt is then thrown off in a substantially horizontal direction from the spreading plate and distributed in this way on the road surface to be sprinkled.
- the spreading plate has distributed over the circumference radially aligned throwing blades, which detect the supplied road salt and accelerate in the circumferential direction of the spreading plate, whereby the road salt is thrown off radially from the spreading plate due to the centrifugal force.
- the conical surface is provided with deep, radially extending notches which grasp the road salt in a manner similar to the throwing blades and accordingly accelerate circumferentially.
- the deep notches also have the disadvantageous effect that the road salt is detected uncontrollably, so that the scattering pattern of scattered on the road surface road salt can vary accordingly. Therefore, spreading discs are used whose central cones have a smooth surface. But even that of smooth conical surfaces Road salt falling back on the spreading plate is not always evenly distributed.
- a salt or sand scattering device is known in which the outlet end of the mouthpiece from which the scattering substance falls on the spreading plate is directed away from the spreading plate axis of rotation and has a very steep angle of inclination, or with respect to the vertical spreading plate axis of rotation, a very slight inclination.
- a mineral fertilizer broadcaster is known in which the outlet end also points away from the spreading plate axis of rotation, but the angle of inclination relative to the vertical axis of rotation is steeper and is somewhere between 20 ° and 30 °.
- Object of the present invention is to improve a winter service scattering device with respect to a uniform supply of a scattering material or in particular a scattering brine mixture to the spreading plate.
- the mouthpiece is now aligned so that its outlet end, from which the road salt falls by gravity on the spreading plate, points away from the central region about the axis of rotation of the spreading plate.
- the scattering material is thus fed to the scattering plate in the discharge direction.
- the outlet end of the mouthpiece is preferably directed radially outward relative to the axis of rotation.
- the outlet end of the mouthpiece is arranged relative to the kegelaber Formation of the scattering plate so that when perpendicularly arranged axis of rotation of the skinning plate by gravity falling from the outlet end strontium strikes the conical surface.
- the rotary drive for the turntable is preferably realized by means of a motor offset from the axis of rotation and coupled to the axis of rotation via a gear. This creates space in the center of the spreader plate for the mouthpiece.
- the inner surface of the mouthpiece preferably has an inclination angle of 20 ° -60 °, more preferably between 30 ° and 45 °, in particular approximately 35 ° -40 °, relative to the axis of rotation of the spreading plate at the outlet end.
- the spreading material slips open the inside of the mouthpiece and is bundled, so that a targeted supply of this mixture to the spreading plate is possible.
- the flat angle of the Mund Swissaustrittsendes is of particular importance for cornering, because while conventional mouthpieces, which is usually a very steep angle of inclination of z. B.
- the scattering material is not returned to the middle of the slide by means of the flatly inclined mouthpiece, this has two consequences when cornering, both of which have an effect on the roadway spreading pattern.
- the scattering material is forced radially outwards in a vertical mouthpiece in the above-mentioned manner, thereby impinging on the spreading plate at a different location than when driving straight ahead.
- the spreading material slips down the sliding surface as a relatively wide spreading material band and is oriented, when traveling straight ahead, generally tangentially to the axis of rotation of the spreading disk.
- the spread pattern does not reach as far to the left, as set on the device side. Therefore, the measure is important to keep the gliding surface sliding grit band even when cornering in a central position.
- the flat-inclined mouthpiece serves this purpose.
- the bundling and exact scattering brine feed to the spreading plate can be further optimized if, at least over a certain distance, the cross section of the mouthpiece tapers conically in the direction of the outlet end of the mouthpiece. But even with constant cross-sectional shape can be achieved good results.
- the inner surface of the mouthpiece extends arcuately in a direction parallel to the Streustoffloiscardi cross section of the mouthpiece, that is in a cross section which coincides with the axis of rotation or parallel thereto.
- the inner surface can be provided at the outlet end of the mouthpiece at a vertically arranged axis of rotation inclined to the horizontal more inclined than the conical surface of the spreading plate.
- a particular aspect of the invention relates to the uniform supply of a scattering agent-brine mixture to the spreading plate.
- road salt is often moistened when it is spread. It is assumed that with moistened salt the tau effect of the salt starts faster and the flying properties of the road salt are positively influenced.
- a moistening of the road salt can lead long before spreading to clumping the road salt still in the reservoir, whereby the spreading would be much more difficult. Humidification therefore takes place essentially only at the moment of the scattering process.
- the road salt and the sols used to moisten the road salt are carried in separate containers on a winter service vehicle and mixed together only at the time of actual spreading by the two components are supplied to the rotating spreading plate targeted in a narrow limited area separately.
- a scattering brine mixture at the upper end of the sliding surface formed by the downpipe or the chute in addition to a Streustoffzu slaughter further provided a liquid supply such that with her in vertically aligned Rotary axis of the spreading plate, a liquid film on the inclined sliding surface can be generated.
- the brine supply is carried out differently than in the annular nozzle, preferably directly to the lower wall of the inclined downpipe or the inclined chute, so that the liquid film can form on the sliding surface.
- On an annular chamber around the downpipe around can then be dispensed with, so that exposure to the brine supply in cornering can be excluded.
- the supply of the road salt to the sliding surface is preferably carried out at a point at which the brine film has already formed.
- the liquid feed line and the scattering material feed device are arranged in such a way that a scattering-off stream fed by the scattering-material feed device, due to gravity, strikes the liquid film produced on the sliding surface. The scattering material thus falls on the film, is carried away by this and moistened it.
- the angle of inclination of the sliding surface to the axis of rotation of the scattering plate may be between 5 ° and 40 ° and is preferably between 10 ° and 30 °, more preferably about 20 °, to a mixing of the scattering substance with the brine with simultaneous slippage of the scattering material on the sliding surface to reach.
- An inclination of about 20 ° seems to be a suitable angle of inclination for most scattering materials.
- the length of the sliding surface can therefore be between 300 mm and 1500 mm.
- the liquid feed line ends directly at the sliding surface in order to allow as laminar introduction of the brine as possible without much spraying.
- the liquid line is directed obliquely with its feed end to the sliding surface, so that the escaping from the feed end brine is deflected only slightly when it hits the sliding surface.
- the angle of inclination between the sliding surface of the downpipe or the chute and the supply end of the liquid supply line is preferably a maximum of 40 °. Because the sliding surface is to the axis of rotation, as mentioned, preferably inclined between 5 ° and 40 °, in particular between 10 ° and 30 °.
- the supply line is preferably at an angle to the sliding surface of 45 ° or less, for example 20 °.
- the feed end of the liquid feed line may have a discharge cross-section which is oriented at least partially obliquely relative to the feed direction.
- the obliquely oriented outlet cross-section can be achieved by chamfering the feed end at a corresponding angle, for example, the aforementioned 20 °, wherein the chamfer should not extend over the entire diameter of the liquid supply, as a sufficient passage for the brine supply between the supply line and the sliding surface must remain.
- This passage cross-section can be between 5 and 30 mm, preferably between 15 and 20 mm.
- the scattering material supply device with which the spreading material preferably, as mentioned, strikes the brine film at a location below the liquid supply line, preferably lies opposite the sliding surface. Any centrifugal forces then act in the same way on the liquid film as on the scattering substance flowing out of the scattering material feed device, so that the scattering material in any case strikes the liquid film.
- the Streustoffzu melt Sketzu glass
- the Streustoffzu melt preferably falls due to gravity on the sliding surface.
- Such a delivery arc focuses the scattering fluid flow toward the liquid film on the sliding surface.
- the feed sheet preferably extends in a plane parallel to or with the axis of rotation of the scattering plate and further preferably has a tapering in the direction of the sliding surface cross-section.
- the feed sheet may terminate immediately below a spreading means conveying device, so that without further facilities, except, for example, a - assigned to the Streustoff make worn - damper for Streustoffmengenregultechnik, the scattering material falls directly from the Streustoff occasion worn in the feed.
- the scattering material entry end of the feed sheet is oriented so steeply or vertically that scattered material conveyed by the scattering material conveyor falls vertically into the feed sheet due to gravity.
- the mouthpiece is inclined at the lower end of the sliding surface in a direction opposite to the sliding surface and is arranged such that over the sliding surface slipping scattering of the bottom end of the sliding surface meets an inner surface of the mouthpiece and is redirected from there in the other direction to the outlet end of the mouthpiece. From the outlet end of the mouthpiece of mixed with brine scattering material then falls on the spreading plate. Through this reversal of direction, the scattering material and brine are intensively mixed again before they collectively reach the spreading plate.
- the point of impact of the scattering agent / brine mixture falling from the sliding surface on the inner surface of the mouthpiece is preferably at least 200 mm from the outlet end of the mouthpiece, in particular at least 230 mm thereof, in order to achieve the desired bundling and residual mixing. That is, the imaginary extension of the sliding surface intersects the inner surface of the mouthpiece at a distance of at least 200 mm or 230 mm from the exit end of the mouthpiece.
- Figure 1 shows a Winterdienststreuvorraum invention for spreading a road salt-brine mixture.
- the device may be an integral part of a winter service vehicle or form part of a corresponding winter service litter attachment for truck beds.
- scattering material S from a scattered foam reservoir, not shown, by means of a suitable conveying device, for example a conveyor belt or a screw conveyor, fed through a feed channel 1 to the upper end of a downpipe assembly 2, 3, 4.
- a suitable conveying device for example a conveyor belt or a screw conveyor
- the scattering substance exits and falls onto a scattering distributor in the form of a rotating about a rotation axis 5 scattering plate 6, of which the scattering material S is dropped by centrifugal force approximately in the horizontal direction.
- the middle drop tube 3 of the downpipe assembly 2, 3, 4 may be telescopically designed to adapt the device to different gritting vehicles can.
- the length of this drop tube 3 should be between 300 mm and 1500 mm, in order to provide a sufficiently long sliding surface for the scattering substance S and to be mixed with the scattering material S liquid F or brine, as will be explained below.
- the inclination of the middle drop tube 3 may be greater or less than shown in FIG.
- An angle of inclination relative to the axis of rotation 5 of the scattering plate 6 should be between 5 ° and 40 °, preferably between 10 ° and 30 °, particularly preferably at 20 °.
- the angle of inclination influences the residence time of the scattering substance S on the sliding surface 7 of the drop tube 3 and thus the time available for the mixing of the scattering substance S with the brine F.
- the supply of the brine F takes place at an upper end of the drop tube 3 directly on the sliding surface 7 such that on the sliding surface 7, a liquid film forms so that the brine F thus laminar flows down the sliding surface 7.
- Serves a tubular fluid supply line 8 the supply end 9 terminates directly at the sliding surface.
- the feed end 9 of the liquid line 8 is directed obliquely on the sliding surface 7. In the illustrated embodiment, this feed direction is approximately parallel to the axis of rotation 5 of the spreading plate. 6
- the inlet end 9 of the fluid line 8 is partially bevelled on the side facing the sliding surface 7.
- the remaining Drucheriesquerrough for the brine F between the sliding surface 7 and the supply line 8 is then about 15 - 20 mm, preferably at least between 5 and 30 mm.
- the delivery rates of the road salt S and the brine F are automatically determined and set and depend on the driving speed of the scattering vehicle, the spread width set by the spreading plate speed and the desired spreading density.
- the liquid supply line 8 is accordingly connected via a pump P to a brine reservoir R, out of which the brine F is pumped into the downpipe 3.
- the downcomer arrangement 2, 3, 4 has in addition to the downpipe 3 at the upper end of the downpipe 3 a downcomer 2 and at the lower end of the downer 3, a mouthpiece 4, of which the downcomer sheet 2 may optionally be omitted, but in combination with the downpipe 3 (or slide) and the mouthpiece 4 promotes a uniform mixing of the scattering substance S with the brine F.
- the basic function of the downpipe bend 2 is to guide the scattering material S at a defined point on the sliding surface 7, which below the feed end 9 of the liquid supply line 8 is located, preferably at a point at which a laminar liquid film has already formed on the sliding surface 7.
- the outlet opening 2a of the downcomer sheet 2 lies overall below the inlet end 9, so that no or as little as possible brine can spray into the downcomer sheet 2 and can there lead to caking of the scattering material S.
- a more specific function of the downcomer sheet is to ensure that even when turning the entire downcomer assembly 2, 3, 4 (including scattering plate 6) by means of a pivoting mechanism about the axis of rotation 5 of the spreading plate 6 relative to the stationary feed channel 1 of the scattering material S always at the same place on the Sliding surface 7 of the drop tube 3 impinges. This would not be the case if the scattering material would fall directly from the feed channel 1 into the drop tube 3.
- the outlet opening 2a of the downcomer sheet 2 is arranged opposite to the sliding surface 7.
- the downcomer sheet 2 lies in a plane parallel to or preferably with the axis of rotation 5 of the spreading disc 6 and ends with its upper end below the feed channel 1 such that the conveyed scattering material S gravitationally falls vertically into the downcomer sheet 2.
- the downcomer arch 2 tapers conically toward its exit end 2a, d. H. its diameter decreases accordingly and the curvature of the spreading material S leading wall of the downcomer sheet 2 increases accordingly.
- the scattering material S is bundled and impinges on the sliding surface 7 of the drop tube 3 at a defined location.
- the mouthpiece 4 Through the mouthpiece 4 at the lower end of the downpipe 3, the scattering substance-brine mixture is deflected again, here in particular in a direction opposite to the downcomer direction. Accordingly, the mouthpiece 4, like the drop tube sheet 2, runs in a plane parallel to or preferably with the axis of rotation 5 of the spreading disc 6.
- the mouthpiece 4 can be formed as an integral part of the drop tube 3 (or chute), but is preferably designed as a separate part. which in particular can be adjustable in its inclination.
- the scattering brine mixture impinges on an inner surface 4a of the mouthpiece 4 at a location 4b which is at a distance of at least 200 mm, preferably more than 230 mm, from the outlet end 4c of the mouthpiece 4. This distance allows the scattering agent-brine mixture again, after it was vortexed on impact at the point 4b, to further mix and in particular centrally bundle before it falls from the outlet end 4c on the spreading plate 6.
- the inner surface 4a of the mouthpiece 4 therefore has an angle of inclination between 20 ° and 60 °, preferably about 35 ° -40 °, relative to the axis of rotation 5 at the outlet end 4c.
- the inner surface 4a of the mouthpiece 4 is arcuate and tapers in this embodiment conically towards its outlet end 4c. As with the downpipe 2, this conical taper serves to concentrate the litter-brine mixture. A constant cross-sectional profile is also possible.
- the scattering plate 6 has a central, provided here with deep notches conical surface 11.
- the inclination of the inner surface 4 a of the mouthpiece 4 at the outlet end 4 c relative to the axis of rotation 5 of the spreading plate 6 compared to the inclination of the conical surface 11 is selected so that the from the mouthpiece 4 emerging scattering brine mixture is detected by the conical surface 11, although the outlet end 4c of the mouthpiece 4 facing away from the axis of rotation 5.
- the drive A for the spreading plate 6 is laterally offset relative to the axis of rotation 5 of the spreading plate 6 and a gear 13, which in the illustrated embodiment is a belt or chain hoist but also z. B. may be a gear transmission or other transmission, coupled to the spreading plate 6 in a driving manner.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
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- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
Description
Die vorliegende Verbindung betrifft eine Winterdienststreuvorrichtung, wie sie in Winterdienststreufahrzeugen zum Ausstreuen von mit Sole angefeuchtetem Streusalz Verwendung finden.The present invention relates to a winter service spreading device used in winter service spreading vehicles for spreading brine moistened with road salt.
Eine solche Streuvorrichtung ist beispielsweise aus der
Häufig ist die Kegeloberfläche mit tiefen, radial verlaufenden Kerben versehen, die das Streusalz in ähnlicher Weise erfassen wie die Wurfschaufeln und dementsprechend in Umfangsrichtung beschleunigen. Die tiefen Kerben haben aber auch den nachteiligen Effekt, dass das Streusalz unkontrolliert erfasst wird, so dass das Streubild des auf der Fahrbahnfläche ausgestreuten Streusalzes entsprechend variieren kann. Es werden daher auch Streuteller eingesetzt, deren zentrale Kegel eine glatte Oberfläche aufweisen. Aber auch das von glatten Kegelflächen auf den Streuteller zurückfallende Streusalz ist nicht immer gleichmäßig verteilt.Frequently, the conical surface is provided with deep, radially extending notches which grasp the road salt in a manner similar to the throwing blades and accordingly accelerate circumferentially. However, the deep notches also have the disadvantageous effect that the road salt is detected uncontrollably, so that the scattering pattern of scattered on the road surface road salt can vary accordingly. Therefore, spreading discs are used whose central cones have a smooth surface. But even that of smooth conical surfaces Road salt falling back on the spreading plate is not always evenly distributed.
Aus der
Aus der
Aus der
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, eine Winterdienststreuvorrichtung hinsichtlich einer gleichmäßigen Zuleitung eines Streustoffs oder insbesondere einer Streustoff-Sole-Mischung zum Streuteller zu verbessern.Object of the present invention is to improve a winter service scattering device with respect to a uniform supply of a scattering material or in particular a scattering brine mixture to the spreading plate.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch eine Winterdienststreuvorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. In davon abhängigen Ansprüchen sind vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen und Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung angegeben.This object is achieved by a winter service scattering device with the features of claim 1. In dependent claims advantageous developments and refinements of the invention are given.
Erfindungsgemäß ist nun das Mundstück so ausgerichtet, dass dessen Austrittsende, von dem das Streusalz schwerkraftbedingt auf den Streuteller fällt, von dem zentralen Bereich um die Drehachse des Streutellers wegweist. Der Streustoff wird dem Streuteller somit in Abwurfrichtung zugeführt. Dabei ist das Austrittsende des Mundstücks vorzugsweise relativ zur Drehachse radial nach außen gerichtet.According to the invention, the mouthpiece is now aligned so that its outlet end, from which the road salt falls by gravity on the spreading plate, points away from the central region about the axis of rotation of the spreading plate. The scattering material is thus fed to the scattering plate in the discharge direction. In this case, the outlet end of the mouthpiece is preferably directed radially outward relative to the axis of rotation.
Erfindungsgemäß ist das Austrittsende des Mundstücks relativ zur kegelaberfläche des Streutellers so angeordnet, dass bei senkrecht angeordneter Drehachse des Skentellers schwerkraftbedingt vom Austrittsende fallender Strenstoff auf die kegeloberfläche trifft.According to the invention, the outlet end of the mouthpiece is arranged relative to the kegelaberfläche of the scattering plate so that when perpendicularly arranged axis of rotation of the skinning plate by gravity falling from the outlet end strontium strikes the conical surface.
Unter diesen Umständen kann es nicht mehr vorkommen, dass der dem Streuteller zugeleitete Streustoff in den zentralen Bereich des Streutellers gelangt, wo er keiner oder nur einer geringen Fliehkraftwirkung ausgesetzt wäre.In these circumstances, it can no longer happen that the scattering material supplied to the spreading plate reaches the central area of the spreading plate, where it would be exposed to little or no centrifugal force.
Da bei einer Streustoffzuführung in Abwurfrichtung des Streutellers das Mundstück im Bereich der Drehachse des Streutellers liegen kann, wird der Drehantrieb für den Drehteller vorzugsweise mittels eines zur Drehachse versetzten Motors realisiert, der mit der Drehachse über ein Getriebe gekoppelt ist. Dadurch wird Platz im Zentrum des Streutellers für das Mundstück geschaffen.Since, in the case of a scattering material feed in the discharge direction of the spreading disk, the mouthpiece can lie in the region of the axis of rotation of the spreading disk, the rotary drive for the turntable is preferably realized by means of a motor offset from the axis of rotation and coupled to the axis of rotation via a gear. This creates space in the center of the spreader plate for the mouthpiece.
Die Innenfläche des Mundstücks besitzt am Austrittsende vorzugsweise einen Neigungswinkel von 20° - 60°, besonders bevorzugt zwischen 30° und 45°, insbesondere etwa 35° - 40° relativ zur Drehachse des Streutellers. Dadurch rutscht der Streustoff auf der Innenseite des Mundstücks und wird gebündelt, so dass eine gezielte Zuleitung dieser Mischung zum Streuteller möglich ist. Der flache Neigungswinkel des Mundstückaustrittsendes ist von besonderer Bedeutung auch für Kurvenfahrten, denn während bei herkömmlichen Mundstücken, die in der Regel einen sehr steilen Neigungswinkel von z. B. 6° besitzen, der Streustoff während der Kurvenfahrt aufgrund der Fliehkraftwirkung innerhalb des Mundstücks radial nach außen gegen die Innenwand des Mundstücks gedrängt wird, ist dieser Fliehkrafteinfluß bei einem flachen Neigungswinkel des Mundstücks wesentlich geringer, weil der Streustoff schwerkraftbedingt entgegen der Fliehkraftwirkung in die Mitte des Mundstücks zurück rutscht, insbesondere wenn dieses in seiner bevorzugten Ausführungsform einen konkav gekrümmten Querschnitt besitzt. Somit ist eine vergleichsweise genaue Zuleitung der Streustoff-Sole-Mischung zum Streuteller auch bei Kurvenfahrten möglich.The inner surface of the mouthpiece preferably has an inclination angle of 20 ° -60 °, more preferably between 30 ° and 45 °, in particular approximately 35 ° -40 °, relative to the axis of rotation of the spreading plate at the outlet end. As a result, the spreading material slips open the inside of the mouthpiece and is bundled, so that a targeted supply of this mixture to the spreading plate is possible. The flat angle of the Mundstückaustrittsendes is of particular importance for cornering, because while conventional mouthpieces, which is usually a very steep angle of inclination of z. B. 6 °, the scattering material is urged during cornering due to the centrifugal force inside the mouthpiece radially outward against the inner wall of the mouthpiece, this centrifugal force at a shallow angle of inclination of the mouthpiece is much lower because of the gravitational force against the centrifugal force effect in the middle the mouthpiece slides back, especially if in its preferred embodiment has a concave curved cross-section. Thus, a comparatively accurate supply of the scattering brine mixture to the spreading plate is also possible when cornering.
Wenn der Streustoff nicht mittels des flach geneigten Mundstücks in die Mitte der Rutschstrecke zurückgeführt wird, so hat dies bei Kurvenfahrten zwei Konsequenzen, die sich beide auf das auf der Fahrbahn einstellende Streubild auswirken. Einerseits wird der Streustoff in einem senkrechten Mundstück in der genannten Weise radial nach außen gedrängt und dadurch an einer anderen Stelle auf den Streuteller auftreffen als bei Geradeausfahrten. Andererseits rutscht der Streustoff die Gleitfläche als relativ breites Streugutband herunter und ist bei Geradeausfahrten in der Regel tangential zur Drehachse des Streutellers orientiert. Wenn das Streugutband nun bei Kurvenfahrten radial nach außen gegen die Innenwand eines senkrechten Mundstücks gedrängt wird, ist das Streugutband entsprechend radial zur Drehachse des Streutellers ausgerichtet. Dies hat eine Streuwinkelverkleinerung des ausgestreuten Streuguts zur Folge, also ein schmaleres Streubild. Bei einem in Draufsicht betrachtet in Uhrzeigersinn drehenden Streuteller hat dies bei Linkskurvenfahrten insgesamt eine Verlagerung des Streubilds nach links zur Folge, wobei aufgrund der Streuwinkelverkleinerung der rechte Teil des Streubildes fehlt und der übrige Teil des Streubildes dichter ist als geräteseitig eingestellt. Bei Rechtskurvenfahrten dagegen verschiebt sich das Streubild nach rechts, wobei auch hier der rechte Teil des Streubildes aufgrund der Streuwinkelverkleinerung fehlt. Bei Rechtskurvenfahrten wird daher nach wie vor in etwa rechtsbündig gestreut, wenn auch mit einer etwas höherenIf the scattering material is not returned to the middle of the slide by means of the flatly inclined mouthpiece, this has two consequences when cornering, both of which have an effect on the roadway spreading pattern. On the one hand, the scattering material is forced radially outwards in a vertical mouthpiece in the above-mentioned manner, thereby impinging on the spreading plate at a different location than when driving straight ahead. On the other hand, the spreading material slips down the sliding surface as a relatively wide spreading material band and is oriented, when traveling straight ahead, generally tangentially to the axis of rotation of the spreading disk. If the spreader strip is now urged radially outward against the inner wall of a vertical mouthpiece when cornering, the spreader strip is aligned correspondingly radially to the axis of rotation of the spreading plate. This results in a Streuwinkelverkleinerung the scattered grit, so a narrower scattering pattern. When viewed in plan view in a clockwise direction rotating scattering plate this has left turncouts a total shift of the scattering image to the left result, due to the Streuwinkelverkleinerung missing the right part of the scattering image and the remaining part of the scattering image is denser than set on the device side. In right-hand turns against it The scattering image shifts to the right, whereby here too the right part of the scattering image is missing due to the reduction of the scattering angle. In right-hand turns is therefore still scattered approximately right-justified, albeit with a slightly higher
Streudichte, jedoch reicht das Streubild nicht so weit nach links, wie dies geräteseitig eingestellt ist. Daher ist die Maßnahme von Bedeutung, das die Gleitfläche herabrutschende Streugutband auch bei Kurvenfahrten in einer mittigen Lage zu halten. Dazu dient das flach geneigte Mundstück.Spreading density, however, the spread pattern does not reach as far to the left, as set on the device side. Therefore, the measure is important to keep the gliding surface sliding grit band even when cornering in a central position. The flat-inclined mouthpiece serves this purpose.
Die Bündelung und exakte Streustoff-Sole-Zuführung zum Streuteller kann weiter optimiert werden, wenn sich zumindest über eine gewisse Strecke der Querschnitt des Mundstücks in Richtung zum Austrittsende des Mundstücks konisch verjüngt. Aber auch mit konstantem Querschnittsverlauf lassen sich gute Ergebnisse erzielen.The bundling and exact scattering brine feed to the spreading plate can be further optimized if, at least over a certain distance, the cross section of the mouthpiece tapers conically in the direction of the outlet end of the mouthpiece. But even with constant cross-sectional shape can be achieved good results.
In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung verläuft die Innenfläche des Mundstücks bogenförmig in einem zur Streustoffrutschrichtung parallelen Querschnitt des Mundstücks, also in einem Querschnitt, der mit der Drehachse zusammenfällt oder parallel dazu liegt.In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the inner surface of the mouthpiece extends arcuately in a direction parallel to the Streustoffrutschrichtung cross section of the mouthpiece, that is in a cross section which coincides with the axis of rotation or parallel thereto.
Damit trotz des in Abwurfrichtung auf den Streuteller gerichteten Mundstücks der Streustoff von der zentral am Streuteller vorgesehenen Kegeloberfläche erfasst werden soll, kann die Innenfläche am Austrittsende des Mundstücks bei senkrecht angeordneter Drehachse stärker zur Horizontalen geneigt vorgesehen werden als die Kegeloberfläche des Streutellers. Zur Erhöhung der Einsatzflexibilität kann es sinnvoll sein, den Neigungswinkel des Mundstücks bzw. dessen Austrittsende einstellbar zu gestalten. Besonders für diesen Fall ist es zweckmäßig, Mundstück und Fallrohr/Rutsche getrennt voneinander auszubilden. Andernfalls ist auch eine einstückige Ausbildung möglich.Thus, despite the directed in the discharge direction of the spreading plate mouthpiece of the scattering material to be detected by the centrally provided on the spreading cone surface, the inner surface can be provided at the outlet end of the mouthpiece at a vertically arranged axis of rotation inclined to the horizontal more inclined than the conical surface of the spreading plate. To increase the versatility it may be useful to make the angle of inclination of the mouthpiece or its outlet end adjustable. Especially for this case, it is expedient mouthpiece and downpipe / slide separately train. Otherwise, a one-piece training is possible.
Ein besonderer Aspekt der Erfindung betrifft die gleichmäßige Zuleitung einer Streustoff-Sole-Mischung zum Streuteller. Denn Streusalz wird häufig angefeuchtet, wenn es ausgestreut wird. Man geht davon aus, dass mit angefeuchtetem Streusalz die Tauwirkung des Salzes schneller einsetzt und die Flugeigenschaften des Streusalzes positiv beeinflusst werden. Jedoch kann eine Anfeuchtung des Streusalzes lange vor dem Ausstreuen zum Verklumpen des Streusalzes noch im Vorratsbehälter führen, wodurch das Ausstreuen wesentlich erschwert würde. Die Anfeuchtung erfolgt daher im wesentlichen erst im Moment des Streuvorganges. Zu diesem Zweck werden das Streusalz und die zum Anfeuchten des Streusalzes verwendete Sole in getrennten Behältern auf einem Winterdienstfahrzeug mitgeführt und erst zum Zeitpunkt des tatsächlichen Ausstreuens miteinander vermengt, indem die beiden Komponenten dem rotierenden Streuteller gezielt in einem eng begrenzten Bereich getrennt zugeführt werden.A particular aspect of the invention relates to the uniform supply of a scattering agent-brine mixture to the spreading plate. Because road salt is often moistened when it is spread. It is assumed that with moistened salt the tau effect of the salt starts faster and the flying properties of the road salt are positively influenced. However, a moistening of the road salt can lead long before spreading to clumping the road salt still in the reservoir, whereby the spreading would be much more difficult. Humidification therefore takes place essentially only at the moment of the scattering process. For this purpose, the road salt and the sols used to moisten the road salt are carried in separate containers on a winter service vehicle and mixed together only at the time of actual spreading by the two components are supplied to the rotating spreading plate targeted in a narrow limited area separately.
In der
Dementsprechend ist gemäß einer besonderen Weiterbildung der Erfindung zum Zwecke des Ausstreuens einer Streustoff-Sole-Mischung am oberen Ende der durch das Fallrohr oder die Rutsche gebildeten Gleitfläche zusätzlich zu einer Streustoffzuführeinrichtung zum Zuführen von Streustoff desweiteren eine Flüssigkeitszuleitung derart vorgesehen, dass mit ihr bei senkrecht ausgerichteter Drehachse des Streutellers ein Flüssigkeitsfilm auf der geneigten Gleitfläche erzeugbar ist. Die Solezufuhr erfolgt dabei anders als bei der Ringdüse vorzugsweise direkt auf die untere Wand des geneigten Fallrohres bzw. der geneigten Rutsche, so dass sich der Flüssigkeitsfilm auf der Gleitfläche ausbilden kann. Auf eine Ringkammer um das Fallrohr herum kann dann verzichtet werden, so dass ein Aussetzen der Solezufuhr in Kurvenfahrten ausgeschlossen werden kann. Die Ausbildung des Flüssigkeitsfilms auf der Gleitfläche des Fallrohrs ist von der Fliehkraft, wie sie bei Kurvenfahrten auf die Sole einwirkt, unbeeinflusst. Insbesondere wirkt sich die Fliehkraft auf den Flüssigkeitsfilm und das zugeführte Salz in gleicher Weise aus, beide Komponenten werden also in dieselbe Richtung gedrängt, so dass die Durchmischung des Salzes mit der Sole beim Herabrutschen auf der Gleitfläche des Fallrohrs nicht wesentlich beeinträchtigt wird. Tatsächlich haben Versuche ergeben, dass auf diese Weise eine gute Vermischung von Salz und Sole erreichbar ist. Mittels nachfolgend erläuterter Maßnahmen kann diese Durchmischung noch zusätzlich verbessert werden.Accordingly, according to a particular embodiment of the invention for the purpose of spreading a scattering brine mixture at the upper end of the sliding surface formed by the downpipe or the chute in addition to a Streustoffzuführeinrichtung for supplying scattering material further provided a liquid supply such that with her in vertically aligned Rotary axis of the spreading plate, a liquid film on the inclined sliding surface can be generated. The brine supply is carried out differently than in the annular nozzle, preferably directly to the lower wall of the inclined downpipe or the inclined chute, so that the liquid film can form on the sliding surface. On an annular chamber around the downpipe around can then be dispensed with, so that exposure to the brine supply in cornering can be excluded. The formation of the liquid film on the sliding surface of the downpipe is unaffected by the centrifugal force acting on the brine when cornering. In particular, the centrifugal force acts on the liquid film and the salt supplied in the same way, so both components are urged in the same direction, so that the mixing of the salt with the brine is not significantly affected when sliding on the sliding surface of the downpipe. In fact, experiments have shown that in this way a good mixing of salt and brine can be achieved. By means of measures explained below, this mixing can be additionally improved.
Die Zuführung des Streusalzes zur Gleitfläche erfolgt vorzugsweise an einer Stelle, an der sich der Solefilm bereits ausgebildet hat. Insbesondere ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Flüssigkeitszuleitung und die Streustoffzuführeinrichtung derart angeordnet sind, dass ein durch die Streustoffzuführeinrichtung schwerkraftbedingt zugeführter Streustoffstrom auf den auf der Gleitfläche erzeugten Flüssigkeitsfilm trifft. Der Streustoff fällt somit auf den Film, wird von diesem mitgerissen und dabei durchfeuchtet.The supply of the road salt to the sliding surface is preferably carried out at a point at which the brine film has already formed. In particular, it is advantageous if the liquid feed line and the scattering material feed device are arranged in such a way that a scattering-off stream fed by the scattering-material feed device, due to gravity, strikes the liquid film produced on the sliding surface. The scattering material thus falls on the film, is carried away by this and moistened it.
Der Neigungswinkel der Gleitfläche zur Drehachse des Streutellers kann zwischen 5° und 40° liegen und liegt vorzugsweise zwischen 10° und 30°, insbesondere bevorzugt sind etwa 20°, um eine Durchmischung des Streustoffs mit der Sole bei gleichzeitigem Rutschen des Streustoffs über die Gleitfläche zu erreichen. Eine Neigung von etwa 20° scheint ein für die meisten Streustoffe geeigneter Neigungswinkel zu sein.The angle of inclination of the sliding surface to the axis of rotation of the scattering plate may be between 5 ° and 40 ° and is preferably between 10 ° and 30 °, more preferably about 20 °, to a mixing of the scattering substance with the brine with simultaneous slippage of the scattering material on the sliding surface to reach. An inclination of about 20 ° seems to be a suitable angle of inclination for most scattering materials.
Je nach Fahrzeughöhe kann es sinnvoll sein, die Gleitfläche länger oder kürzer auszubilden. Die Länge der Gleitfläche kann daher zwischen 300 mm und 1500 mm liegen.Depending on the vehicle height, it may be useful to make the sliding surface longer or shorter. The length of the sliding surface can therefore be between 300 mm and 1500 mm.
Zur Erzielung eines gleichmäßigen Flüssigkeitsfilms auf der Gleitfläche ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Flüssigkeitszuleitung unmittelbar bei der Gleitfläche endet, um ein möglichst laminares Einleiten der Sole ohne viel Spritzen zu ermöglichen. Vorzugsweise ist die Flüssigkeitsleitung daher mit ihrem Zuleitungsende schräg auf die Gleitfläche gerichtet, so dass die aus dem Zuleitungsende austretende Sole nur geringfügig umgelenkt wird, wenn sie auf die Gleitfläche trifft.In order to achieve a uniform liquid film on the sliding surface, it is advantageous if the liquid feed line ends directly at the sliding surface in order to allow as laminar introduction of the brine as possible without much spraying. Preferably, therefore, the liquid line is directed obliquely with its feed end to the sliding surface, so that the escaping from the feed end brine is deflected only slightly when it hits the sliding surface.
Wenn das Zuleitungsende der Flüssigkeitsleitung beispielsweise im wesentlichen parallel zur Drehachse des Streutellers ausgerichtet ist, was aus konstruktiven Gründen praktisch sein kann, beträgt der Neigungswinkel zwischen der Gleitfläche des Fallrohrs bzw. der Rutsche und dem Zuleitungsende der Flüssigkeitszuleitung vorzugsweise maximal 40°. Denn die Gleitfläche ist zur Drehachse, wie erwähnt, vorzugsweise zwischen 5° und 40°, insbesondere zwischen 10° und 30° geneigt. Die Zuleitung erfolgt vorzugsweise unter einem Winkel zur Gleitfläche von 45° oder weniger, z.B. 20°.If the supply end of the liquid line, for example, aligned substantially parallel to the axis of rotation of the spreading plate, which may be practical for design reasons, the angle of inclination between the sliding surface of the downpipe or the chute and the supply end of the liquid supply line is preferably a maximum of 40 °. Because the sliding surface is to the axis of rotation, as mentioned, preferably inclined between 5 ° and 40 °, in particular between 10 ° and 30 °. The supply line is preferably at an angle to the sliding surface of 45 ° or less, for example 20 °.
Das Zuleitungsende der Flüssigkeitszuleitung kann einen relativ zur Zuleitungsrichtung zumindest teilweise schräg orientierten Austrittsquerschnitt besitzen. Dadurch lässt sich die Mittelachse des Zuleitungsendes näher an die Gleitfläche heranbringen, wodurch ein gleichmäßigerer Flüssigkeitsfilm auf der Gleitfläche erzeugbar ist. Der schräg orientierte Austrittsquerschnitt kann durch Anfasen des Zuleitungsendes in einem entsprechenden Winkel, beispielsweise die vorerwähnten 20°, erreicht werden, wobei sich die Fase nicht über den gesamten Durchmesser der Flüssigkeitszuleitung erstrecken sollte, da ein ausreichender Durchgang für die Solezuführung zwischen der Zuleitung und der Gleitfläche verbleiben muß. Dieser Durchtrittsquerschnitt kann zwischen 5 und 30 mm liegen, vorzugsweise zwischen 15 und 20 mm.The feed end of the liquid feed line may have a discharge cross-section which is oriented at least partially obliquely relative to the feed direction. As a result, the central axis of the supply end can be brought closer to the sliding surface, whereby a more uniform liquid film on the sliding surface can be generated. The obliquely oriented outlet cross-section can be achieved by chamfering the feed end at a corresponding angle, for example, the aforementioned 20 °, wherein the chamfer should not extend over the entire diameter of the liquid supply, as a sufficient passage for the brine supply between the supply line and the sliding surface must remain. This passage cross-section can be between 5 and 30 mm, preferably between 15 and 20 mm.
Die Streustoffzuführeinrichtung, mit der der Streustoff vorzugsweise, wie erwähnt, an einer Stelle unterhalb der Flüssigkeitszuleitung auf den Solefilm trifft, liegt vorzugsweise der Gleitfläche gegenüber. Etwaige Fliehkräfte wirken dann in gleicher Weise auf den Flüssigkeitsfilm wie auf den aus der Streustoffzuführeinrichtung herausströmenden Streustoff, so dass der Streustoff in jedem Falle auf den Flüssigkeitsfilm trifft.The scattering material supply device, with which the spreading material preferably, as mentioned, strikes the brine film at a location below the liquid supply line, preferably lies opposite the sliding surface. Any centrifugal forces then act in the same way on the liquid film as on the scattering substance flowing out of the scattering material feed device, so that the scattering material in any case strikes the liquid film.
Gemäß einer besonderen Ausgestaltung weist die Streustoffzuführeinrichtung einen Zuführrohr- oder -rutschenbogen auf, von dessen Ende der Streustoff schwerkraftbedingt auf die Gleitfläche fällt. Ein solcher Zuführbogen fokussiert die Streustoffströmung in Richtung auf den Flüssigkeitsfilm auf der Gleitfläche. Zu diesem Zweck verläuft der Zuführbogen vorzugsweise in einer Ebene parallel zu oder mit der Drehachse des Streutellers und besitzt des weiteren vorzugsweise einen sich in Richtung zur Gleitfläche verjüngenden Querschnitt.According to a particular embodiment, the Streustoffzuführeinrichtung a Zuführrohr- or slide arch, from the end of the scattering material falls due to gravity on the sliding surface. Such a delivery arc focuses the scattering fluid flow toward the liquid film on the sliding surface. For this purpose, the feed sheet preferably extends in a plane parallel to or with the axis of rotation of the scattering plate and further preferably has a tapering in the direction of the sliding surface cross-section.
Der Zuführbogen kann unmittelbar unterhalb einer Streustofffördereinrichtung enden, so dass ohne weitere Einrichtungen, außer beispielsweise einer - funktional der Streustofffördereinrichtung zuzuordnenden - Stauklappe zur Streustoffmengenregulierung, der Streustoff unmittelbar von der Streustofffördereinrichtung in den Zuführbogen fällt. Insbesondere ist das Streustoffeintrittsende des Zuführbogens derart steil bis senkrecht orientiert, dass von der Streustoffförderung geförderter Streustoff schwerkraftbedingt senkrecht in den Zuführbogen fällt.The feed sheet may terminate immediately below a spreading means conveying device, so that without further facilities, except, for example, a - assigned to the Streustofffördereinrichtung - damper for Streustoffmengenregulierung, the scattering material falls directly from the Streustofffördereinrichtung in the feed. In particular, the scattering material entry end of the feed sheet is oriented so steeply or vertically that scattered material conveyed by the scattering material conveyor falls vertically into the feed sheet due to gravity.
Bei manchen Streustoffarten kann es sein, dass ein Teil des Streustoffs auf dem Flüssigkeitsfilm aufschwimmt. Um auch in solchen Fällen eine gleichmäßige Durchmischung des Streustoffs mit Sole zu erhalten, ist gemäß einer weiteren besonderen Ausgestaltung der Erfindung das Mundstück am unteren Ende der Gleitfläche in eine zur Gleitfläche entgegengesetzte Richtung geneigt und derart angeordnet ist, dass über die Gleitfläche rutschender Streustoff von dem unteren Ende der Gleitfläche auf eine Innenfläche des Mundstücks trifft und von dort in die andere Richtung zum Austrittsende des Mundstücks umgeleitet wird. Von dem Austrittsende des Mundstücks fällt der mit Sole durchmischte Streustoff dann auf den Streuteller. Durch diese Richtungsumkehr werden Streustoff und Sole nochmals intensiv durchmischt, bevor sie gemeinsam auf den Streuteller gelangen.Some types of scattering may cause some of the scattering material to float on the liquid film. In order to obtain a uniform mixing of the scattering substance with brine in such cases, according to a further particular embodiment of the invention, the mouthpiece is inclined at the lower end of the sliding surface in a direction opposite to the sliding surface and is arranged such that over the sliding surface slipping scattering of the bottom end of the sliding surface meets an inner surface of the mouthpiece and is redirected from there in the other direction to the outlet end of the mouthpiece. From the outlet end of the mouthpiece of mixed with brine scattering material then falls on the spreading plate. Through this reversal of direction, the scattering material and brine are intensively mixed again before they collectively reach the spreading plate.
Die Auftreffstelle der von der Gleitfläche auf die Innenfläche des Mundstücks fallenden Streustoff-Sole-Mischung liegt vorzugsweise mindestens 200 mm von dem Austrittsende des Mundstücks, insbesondere mindestens 230 mm davon, entfernt, um die gewünschte Bündelung und Restdurchmischung zu erzielen. D. h., die gedachte Verlängerung der Gleitfläche schneidet die Innenfläche des Mundstücks in einer Entfernung von mindestens 200 mm bzw. 230 mm vom Austrittsende des Mundstücks.The point of impact of the scattering agent / brine mixture falling from the sliding surface on the inner surface of the mouthpiece is preferably at least 200 mm from the outlet end of the mouthpiece, in particular at least 230 mm thereof, in order to achieve the desired bundling and residual mixing. That is, the imaginary extension of the sliding surface intersects the inner surface of the mouthpiece at a distance of at least 200 mm or 230 mm from the exit end of the mouthpiece.
Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung beispielhaft anhand der einzigen Figur 1 erläutert.The invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the single FIGURE 1.
Figur 1 zeigt eine erfindungsgemäße Winterdienststreuvorrichtung zum Ausstreuen einer Streusalz-Sole-Mischung. Die Vorrichtung kann fester Bestandteil eines Winterdienstfahrzeugs sein oder einen Bestandteil eines entsprechenden Winterdienststreuaufsatzes für LKW-Ladeflächen bilden. In jedem Falle wird Streustoff S aus einem nicht dargestellten Streustoffreservoir mittels einer geeigneten Fördereinrichtung, beispielsweise einem Förderband oder einer Förderschnecke, durch einen Zuführkanal 1 dem oberen Ende einer Fallrohranordnung 2, 3, 4 zugeleitet. Am unteren Ende der Fallrohranordnung, die auch als Rutschenanordnung ausgebildet sein kann, tritt der Streustoff aus und fällt auf einen Streustoffverteiler in Gestalt eines um eine Drehachse 5 rotierenden Streutellers 6, von dem der Streustoff S durch Fliehkraftwirkung etwa in horizontaler Richtung abgeworfen wird. Das mittlere Fallrohr 3 der Fallrohranordnung 2, 3, 4 kann teleskopartig ausgebildet sein, um die Vorrichtung an unterschiedliche Streufahrzeuge anpassen zu können. Die Länge dieses Fallrohres 3 sollte zwischen 300 mm und 1500 mm, um eine ausreichend lange Gleitfläche für den Streustoff S und die mit dem Streustoff S zu vermengende Flüssigkeit F bzw. Sole, wie nachfolgend noch erläutert wird, zur Verfügung zu stellen.Figure 1 shows a Winterdienststreuvorrichtung invention for spreading a road salt-brine mixture. The device may be an integral part of a winter service vehicle or form part of a corresponding winter service litter attachment for truck beds. In any case, scattering material S from a scattered foam reservoir, not shown, by means of a suitable conveying device, for example a conveyor belt or a screw conveyor, fed through a feed channel 1 to the upper end of a
Die Neigung des mittleren Fallrohrs 3 kann stärker oder geringer sein, als es in der Figur 1 dargestellt ist. Ein Neigungswinkel relativ zur Drehachse 5 des Streutellers 6 sollte zwischen 5° und 40° liegen, vorzugsweise zwischen 10° und 30°, insbesondere bevorzugt etwa bei 20°. Der Neigungswinkel beeinflusst die Verweilzeit des Streustoffs S auf der Gleitfläche 7 des Fallrohrs 3 und damit die für die Vermischung des Streustoffs S mit der Sole F zur Verfügung stehende Zeitspanne.The inclination of the
Die Zufuhr der Sole F erfolgt an einem oberen Ende des Fallrohrs 3 unmittelbar auf die Gleitfläche 7 derart, dass sich auf der Gleitfläche 7 ein Flüssigkeitsfilm ausbildet, dass die Sole F also laminar die Gleitfläche 7 hinabströmt. Dazu dient eine rohrförmige Flüssigkeitszuleitung 8, dessen Zuleitungsende 9 unmittelbar bei der Gleitfläche endet. Das Zuleitungsende 9 der Flüssigkeitsleitung 8 ist schräg auf die Gleitfläche 7 gerichtet. Im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel liegt diese Zuleitungsrichtung in etwa parallel zur Drehachse 5 des Streutellers 6.The supply of the brine F takes place at an upper end of the
Um möglichst von vornherein eine laminare Strömung der Sole F auf der Gleitfläche 7 zu erreichen, ist das Zuleitungsende 9 der Flüssigkeitsleitung 8 an der der Gleitfläche 7 zugewandten Seite zum Teil abgeschrägt. Dadurch kommt die Sole mit der Gleitfläche 7 bereits zu einem Zeitpunkt in Berührung, in welchem sie noch in der Flüssigkeitszuleitung geführt wird, wodurch das Ausbilden einer laminaren Strömung gefördert wird. Der verbleibende Druchtrittsquerschnitt für die Sole F zwischen der Gleitfläche 7 und der Zuleitung 8 beträgt dann etwa 15 - 20 mm, vorzugsweise zumindest zwischen 5 und 30 mm.In order to achieve a laminar flow of the brine F on the sliding surface 7 as far as possible from the outset, the inlet end 9 of the
Die Fördermengen des Streusalzes S und der Sole F werden automatisch ermittelt und eingestellt und hängen ab von der Fahrgeschwindigkeit des Streufahrzeugs, der über die Streutellerdrehzahl eingestellten Streubreite und der gewünschten Streudichte. Die Flüssigkeitszuleitung 8 ist dementsprechend über eine Pumpe P mit einem Solereservoir R verbunden, aus dem heraus die Sole F ins Fallrohr 3 gepumpt wird.The delivery rates of the road salt S and the brine F are automatically determined and set and depend on the driving speed of the scattering vehicle, the spread width set by the spreading plate speed and the desired spreading density. The
Die Fallrohranordnung 2, 3, 4 weist zusätzlich zu dem Fallrohr 3 am oberen Ende des Fallrohrs 3 einen Fallrohrbogen 2 und am unteren Ende des Fallrohrs 3 ein Mundstück 4 auf, von denen der Fallrohrbogen 2 gegebenenfalls entfallen kann, der aber in Kombination mit dem Fallrohr 3 (bzw. Rutsche) und dem Mundstück 4 eine gleichmäßige Durchmischung des Streustoffs S mit der Sole F fördert.The
Die Grundfunktion des Fallrohrbogens 2 besteht darin, den Streustoff S an einer definierten Stelle auf die Gleitfläche 7 zuleiten, die unterhalb des Zuleitungsendes 9 der Flüssigkeitszuleitung 8 liegt, vorzugsweise an einer Stelle, an der sich bereits ein laminarer Flüssigkeitsfilm auf der Gleitfläche 7 ausgebildet hat. Insbesondere liegt die Austrittsöffnung 2a des Fallrohrbogens 2 insgesamt unterhalb des Zuleitungsendes 9, so dass kein oder möglichst wenig Sole in den Fallrohrbogen 2 hineinspritzen und dort zum Anbacken des Streustoffs S führen kann.The basic function of the downpipe bend 2 is to guide the scattering material S at a defined point on the sliding surface 7, which below the feed end 9 of the
Eine speziellere Funktion des Fallrohrbogens besteht darin sicherzustellen, dass auch bei Verdrehen der gesamten Fallrohranordnung 2, 3, 4 (einschließlich Streuteller 6) mittels einer Schwenkmechanik um die Drehachse 5 des Streutellers 6 relativ zum ortsfesten Zuführkanal 1 der Streustoff S immer an derselben Stelle auf die Gleitfläche 7 des Fallrohrs 3 auftrifft. Dies wäre nicht der Fall, wenn der Streustoff unmittelbar aus dem Zuführkanal 1 in das Fallrohr 3 hineinfallen würde.A more specific function of the downcomer sheet is to ensure that even when turning the
Dementsprechend ist die Austrittsöffnung 2a des Fallrohrbogens 2 gegenüberliegend zur Gleitfläche 7 angeordnet. Der Fallrohrbogen 2 liegt in einer Ebene parallel zur oder vorzugsweise mit der Drehachse 5 des Streutellers 6 und endet mit seinem oberen Ende unterhalb des Zuführkanals 1 derart, dass der geförderte Streustoff S schwerkraftbedingt senkrecht in den Fallrohrbogen 2 hineinfällt.Accordingly, the outlet opening 2a of the downcomer sheet 2 is arranged opposite to the sliding surface 7. The downcomer sheet 2 lies in a plane parallel to or preferably with the axis of rotation 5 of the spreading disc 6 and ends with its upper end below the feed channel 1 such that the conveyed scattering material S gravitationally falls vertically into the downcomer sheet 2.
Darüber hinaus verjüngt sich der Fallrohrbogen 2 konisch in Richtung zu seinem Austrittsende 2a, d. h. sein Durchmesser nimmt entsprechend ab und die Krümmung der den Streustoff S führenden Wandung des Fallrohrbogens 2 nimmt entsprechend zu. Dadurch wird der Streustoff S gebündelt und trifft an definierter Stelle auf die Gleitfläche 7 des Fallrohrs 3 auf.In addition, the downcomer arch 2 tapers conically toward its exit end 2a, d. H. its diameter decreases accordingly and the curvature of the spreading material S leading wall of the downcomer sheet 2 increases accordingly. As a result, the scattering material S is bundled and impinges on the sliding surface 7 of the
Insgesamt wird also erreicht, dass in jeder Situation, insbesondere auch bei Kurvenfahrten, eine gleichmäßige Vermischung von Streustoff S und Sole F im Fallrohr 3 erfolgen kann.Overall, it is thus achieved that in every situation, in particular even when cornering, a uniform mixing of scattering material S and brine F in the
Durch das Mundstück 4 am unteren Ende des Fallrohrs 3 wird die Streustoff-Sole-Mischung nochmals umgelenkt, hier insbesondere in eine zur Fallrohrrichtung entgegengesetzte Richtung. Dementsprechend verläuft das Mundstück 4 wie schon der Fallrohrbogen 2 in einer Ebene parallel zur oder vorzugsweise mit der Drehachse 5 des Streutellers 6. Das Mundstück 4 kann als integraler Bestandteil des Fallrohrs 3 (oder Rutsche) ausgebildet sein, ist aber vorzugsweise als separates Teil ausgeführt, welches in seiner Neigung insbesondere einstellbar sein kann.Through the
Die Streustoff-Sole-Mischung trifft auf einer Innenfläche 4a des Mundstücks 4 an einer Stelle 4b auf, die in einem Abstand von mindestens 200 mm, vorzugsweise mehr als 230 mm vom Austrittsende 4c des Mundstücks 4 entfernt liegt. Diese Strecke ermöglicht es der Streustoff-Sole-Mischung nochmals, nachdem es beim Aufprall an der Stelle 4b durcheinander gewirbelt wurde, sich weiter zu durchmischen und insbesondere zentral zu bündeln, bevor es vom Austrittsende 4c auf den Streuteller 6 fällt.The scattering brine mixture impinges on an
Die Innenfläche 4a des Mundstücks 4 hat daher am Austrittsende 4c einen Neigungswinkel zwischen 20° und 60°, vorzugsweise etwa 35° - 40°, relativ zur Drehachse 5.The
Auch die Innenfläche 4a des Mundstücks 4 ist bogenförmig ausgebildet und verjüngt sich bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel konisch in Richtung zu seinem Austrittsende 4c. Wie schon beim Fallrohrbogen 2 dient diese konische Verjüngung zur Bündelung der Streustoff-Sole-Mischung. Ein konstanter Querschnittsverlauf ist aber ebenfalls möglich.Also, the
Der Streuteller 6 weist eine zentrale, hier mit tiefen Kerben versehene Kegelfläche 11 auf. Bei dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ist die Neigung der Innenfläche 4a des Mundstücks 4 am Austrittsende 4c relativ zur Drehachse 5 des Streutellers 6 im Vergleich zur Neigung der Kegelfläche 11 so gewählt, dass die aus dem Mundstück 4 austretende Streustoff-Sole-Mischung von der Kegelfläche 11 erfasst wird, obwohl das Austrittsende 4c des Mundstücks 4 von der Drehachse 5 weg weist.The scattering plate 6 has a central, provided here with deep notches
Der Antrieb A für den Streuteller 6 ist relativ zur Drehachse 5 des Streutellers 6 seitlich versetzt und über ein Getriebe 13, das im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ein Riemen- oder Kettenzug ist aber auch z. B. ein Zahnradgetriebe oder anderes Getriebe sein kann, mit dem Streuteller 6 in antreibender Weise gekoppelt. The drive A for the spreading plate 6 is laterally offset relative to the axis of rotation 5 of the spreading plate 6 and a
Claims (27)
- A winter service spreading apparatus, comprising a spreading disk (6) rotatable around a rotation axis (5) and an arrangement of down pipes or chutes (2, 3, 4) for supplying spreading grit (S) to the spreading disk (6) with a mouth piece (4) from the outlet end (4c) of which, when the rotation axis (5) is oriented vertically, the spreading grit (S) drops onto the spreading disk (6) through the force of gravity, wherein the spreading disk (6) has a central cone, characterized in that the mouth piece (4) at its outlet end (4c) points away from a central region around the rotation axis (5) of the spreading disk (6), such that the spreading grit (S) is supplied to the spreading disk (6) in the discharge direction, wherein the outlet end (4c) of the mouth piece (4) is arranged relative to the cone surface (11) such that, when the rotation axis (5) of the spreading disk (6) is arranged vertically, spreading grit (S) dropping from the outlet end (4c) through the force of gravity hits the cone surface (11) of the spreading disk (6).
- The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the outlet end (4c) is oriented radially outwardly relative to the rotation axis (5) of the spreading disk (6).
- The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by a rotary drive (A) for the spreading disk (6) comprising a motor which is offset from the rotation axis (5) of the spreading disk (6) and a gear (13) which is coupled to the rotation axis (5) of the spreading disk (6).
- The apparatus according to any of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the inside surface (4a) of the mouth piece (4) has an inclination angle at the outlet end (4c) of between 20° - 60°, preferably 30° - 45°, particularly preferably approximately 35° - 40°, relative to the rotation axis (5) of the spreading disk (6).
- The apparatus according to any of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the outlet end (4c) has a concavely arched cross section.
- The apparatus according to any of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the cross section of the mouth piece (4) is conically tapered in at least a section of the mouth piece (4) towards the outlet end (4c) of the mouth piece (4).
- The apparatus according to any of the claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the mouth piece (4) extends in an arch in a plane parallel to or in line with the rotation axis (5) of the spreading disk (6).
- The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, when the rotation axis (5) of the spreading disk (6) is arranged vertically, the mouth piece (4) at the outlet end (4c) is more strongly inclined toward the horizontal than the cone surface (11) of the spreading disk (6).
- The apparatus according to any of the claims 1 to 8, characterized in that an inclination angle of the outlet end (4c) is adjustable.
- The apparatus according to any of the claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the arrangement of down pipes or chutes (2, 3, 4) comprises a sliding surface (7) for the spreading grit (S) inclined relative to the rotation axis (5), which, when the rotation axis (5) is oriented vertically, has an upper end remote from the spreading disk (6) and a lower end facing the spreading disk (6), to which the mouth piece (4) adjoins.
- The apparatus according to claim 10, characterized by a spreading grit supplying device (1, 2) at the upper end of the sliding surface (7) for supplying spreading grit (S) to the sliding surface (7), and a liquid supply tube (8) at the upper end of the sliding surface (7) for supplying brine (F), which is configured such that, when the rotation axis (5) of the spreading disk (6) is oriented vertically, a liquid film can be produced with it on the sliding surface (7).
- The apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that the sliding surface (7) has an inclination angle relative to the rotation axis (5) of the spreading disk (6) of between 5° and 40°, preferably between 10° and 30°, and particularly preferably of approximately 20°.
- The apparatus according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the sliding surface (7) has a length of between 300 mm and 1500 mm.
- The apparatus according to any of the claims 11 to 13, characterized in that the liquid supply tube (8) ends in the immediate vicinity of the sliding surface (7).
- The apparatus according to claim 14, characterized in that the liquid supply tube (8) is directed obliquely onto the sliding surface (7) with one supply tube end (9), preferably at an angle to the sliding surface of 45° or less.
- The apparatus according to claim 15, characterized in that the liquid supply tube (8) has an outlet cross section at the supply tube end (9) which is oriented at least partially obliquely to the direction of the tube.
- The apparatus according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that the supply tube end (9) is oriented substantially parallel to the rotation axis (5) of the spreading disk (6).
- The apparatus according to any of the claims 11 to 17, characterized in that the spreading grit supplying device (2) comprises a spreading grit outlet opening (2a) disposed opposite the sliding surface (7).
- The apparatus according to any of the claims 11 to 18, characterized in that the liquid supply tube (8) and the spreading grit supplying device (2) are arranged such that, when the rotation axis (5) of the spreading disk (6) is oriented vertically, a flow of spreading grit supplied by the spreading grit supplying device (2) through the force of gravity hits the liquid film produced on the sliding surface (7).
- The apparatus according to any of the claims 11 to 19, characterized by a pump (P) in the liquid supply tube (8).
- The apparatus according to any of the claims 11 to 20, characterized in that the spreading grit supplying device has a supply pipe- or chute arch (2) from which the spreading grit (S) can drop onto the sliding surface (7) through the force of gravity.
- The apparatus according to claim 21, characterized in that the supply arch (2) lies in a plane parallel to or in line with the rotation axis (5) of the spreading disk (6).
- The apparatus according to claim 21 or 22, characterized by a spreading grit conveying device wherein the supply arch (2) ends below a supply channel (1) of the spreading grit conveying device.
- The apparatus according to claim 23, characterized in that, when the rotation axis (5) of the spreading disk (6) is oriented vertically, spreading grit (S) conveyed by the spreading grit conveying device can drop from the supply channel (1) into the supply arch (2) through the force of gravity.
- The apparatus according to any of the claims 21 to 24, characterized in that the supply arch has a cross section which is tapered in the direction of the sliding surface (7).
- The apparatus according to any of the claims 10 to 25, characterized in that the mouth piece (4) is inclined relative to the rotation axis (5) of the spreading disk (6) in a direction which is opposite to that of the sliding surface (7) and is arranged such that, when the rotation axis (5) is oriented vertically, spreading grit sliding across the sliding surface (7) from the lower end of the sliding surface (7) hits an inside surface (4a) of the mouth piece (4) and is redirected from there in the opposite direction towards the outlet end (4c) of the mouth piece (4).
- The apparatus according to claim 26, characterized in that the intersection of a notional linear extension of the sliding surface (7) with the inside surface (4a) of the mouth piece (4) is disposed at a point that is spaced apart from the outlet end (4c) of the mouth piece (4) by at least 200 mm, preferably at least 230 mm.
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP05022390.8A EP1775385B1 (en) | 2005-10-13 | 2005-10-13 | Spreading apparatus for servicing of roads in winter |
DK05022390.8T DK1775385T3 (en) | 2005-10-13 | 2005-10-13 | Spreading device for winter service |
NO20064501A NO340596B1 (en) | 2005-10-13 | 2006-10-04 | WINTER MAINTENANCE IRON |
JP2006280466A JP5006004B2 (en) | 2005-10-13 | 2006-10-13 | Winter spraying service equipment |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP05022390.8A EP1775385B1 (en) | 2005-10-13 | 2005-10-13 | Spreading apparatus for servicing of roads in winter |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1775385A1 EP1775385A1 (en) | 2007-04-18 |
EP1775385B1 true EP1775385B1 (en) | 2016-06-29 |
Family
ID=35717599
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP05022390.8A Active EP1775385B1 (en) | 2005-10-13 | 2005-10-13 | Spreading apparatus for servicing of roads in winter |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1775385B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5006004B2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK1775385T3 (en) |
NO (1) | NO340596B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1775386A1 (en) * | 2005-10-13 | 2007-04-18 | Küpper-Weisser GmbH | Road spreading vehicle for winter service |
CN101837896B (en) * | 2009-03-20 | 2012-07-18 | 天津百利阳光环保设备有限公司 | Multifunctional snow-melting agent charging equipment |
DE102011085241A1 (en) * | 2011-10-26 | 2013-05-02 | Hamm Ag | Spreader, in particular for spreading out grit |
CN103662748B (en) * | 2013-12-10 | 2016-01-20 | 长沙中联重科环卫机械有限公司 | Even distributor |
CN115852787A (en) * | 2022-12-23 | 2023-03-28 | 陈良 | Cobble paving equipment and using method |
GB2624285A (en) * | 2023-09-15 | 2024-05-15 | Econ Engineering Ltd | Distributor apparatus |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH382790A (en) | 1961-01-13 | 1964-10-15 | Kofel Ferdinand | Vehicle for spreading granular material |
DE1299013B (en) * | 1967-12-16 | 1969-07-10 | Beilhack Maschf Martin | Method for spreading wet salt |
DE10261058B4 (en) * | 2002-12-24 | 2018-04-26 | Küpper-Weisser GmbH | Streustoffaustragvorrichtung |
DD208008A1 (en) | 1981-10-09 | 1984-03-21 | Jaeschke Hans Juergen | DUENGERZUFUEHRUNG FOR MINERALDUENGERSTREUER |
DE3726946A1 (en) * | 1987-08-13 | 1989-02-23 | Schmidt Alfred Ing Gmbh | SPREADER |
DE3924647A1 (en) * | 1989-07-26 | 1991-01-31 | Schmidt Alfred Ing Gmbh | SPREADER |
DE3937675A1 (en) | 1989-11-13 | 1991-05-23 | Kuepper Weisser Gmbh | SPREADING DEVICE FOR SPREADING MOISTURIZED GRANULATES |
JP3218005B2 (en) * | 1998-02-03 | 2001-10-15 | 範多機械株式会社 | Mixing device of antifreeze and solution in antifreeze spray vehicle |
DE10142113A1 (en) | 2001-08-30 | 2003-03-20 | Anton Lindner | Device connected, or able to be connected, in front of and upstream of scattering vehicle-side centrifuge plate or filling opening of scattering vehicle-side container for dusting material has straight, curved or bent pipes |
DE10328913B3 (en) * | 2003-06-26 | 2005-03-24 | Schmidt Holding Gmbh | spreader |
-
2005
- 2005-10-13 EP EP05022390.8A patent/EP1775385B1/en active Active
- 2005-10-13 DK DK05022390.8T patent/DK1775385T3/en active
-
2006
- 2006-10-04 NO NO20064501A patent/NO340596B1/en unknown
- 2006-10-13 JP JP2006280466A patent/JP5006004B2/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP5006004B2 (en) | 2012-08-22 |
JP2007107376A (en) | 2007-04-26 |
NO20064501L (en) | 2007-04-16 |
DK1775385T3 (en) | 2016-11-28 |
NO340596B1 (en) | 2017-05-15 |
EP1775385A1 (en) | 2007-04-18 |
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