EP1768150A1 - High voltage circuit breaker with improved interrupting capacity - Google Patents

Abstract

The method involves flowing switching gas from an arc-discharging zone to an exhaust area filled with cold gas (111). The switching gas is split up into two partial gas flows (11a, 11b). A part of the cold gas is immediately stored in the exhaust area, and one partial flow is guided to the cold gas and flowed into a switching chamber (2). The cold gas is displaced from the exhaust area with the help of another partial flow, where the former partial flow and the cold gas are mixed with one another before flowing into a switching chamber housing (3). An independent claim is also included for an electrical switching circuit for an electrical power grid.

Description

TECHNICAL AREA

The invention relates to the field of high-voltage technology, in particular the high-voltage circuit breakers in electrical power distribution networks. It is based on a method and a high voltage switch according to the preamble of the independent claims.

STATE OF THE ART

The invention is based on the prior art according to the EP 1 444 713 B1 , There, a flow control device is disclosed for a circuit breaker, which coaxially surrounds the quenching gas flow and has a lateral surface with two outflow openings. The lateral surface of the flow-deflecting device defines an exhaust gas volume. Partial flows of the quenching gas flow out of the outflow openings into the switching chamber volume. The outflow directions of the directly opposite outflow openings are directed so that they intersect each other. It is thereby achieved that the extinguishing gas is favorably mixed after passing through the respective outflow openings. The outlet openings may be associated with additional swirling body or baffles to additionally swirl the leaking from the outlet openings switching gas. By mixing and turbulence, the extinguishing gas flow is braked upon entry into the switching chamber volume, cooled and dielectrically solidified to avoid flashovers on the switching chamber housing.

In the DE 102 21 580 B3 a high voltage circuit breaker is disclosed with an interrupter unit, in which The exhaust gases are deflected twice by 180 °. To improve the cooling of the gases, a concentrically arranged, hollow cylindrical, radially flowed through perforated plate is present on the fixed contact side. The perforated plate serves as a heat sink, which extracts heat from the quenching gas. The perforated plate does not increase the flow resistance for the quenching gas. In the area of the perforated plate, a uniform, laminar quenching gas flow is maintained.

In the utility model DE 1 889 068 U discloses a load break switch with improved exhaust gas cooling. The cooling device comprises a plurality of tubes, which are arranged concentrically in the gas discharge channel and each have diametrically opposite outflow openings, so that the switching gases must rush through a labyrinthine path with numerous deflections during laminar outflow and have to coat large surfaces of the cooling tubes. With this arrangement, the Ausströmpfad is extended and enlarged the cooling surface in the exhaust.

In the EP 1 403 891 A1 a circuit breaker is disclosed in which exhaust gas is also passed from an arc chamber through a hollow contact in a concentrically arranged exhaust volume and from there into a more external extinguishing chamber volume. To increase the breaking capacity, at least one intermediate volume and possibly an additional volume are arranged concentrically between the hollow contact and the exhaust volume and separated from one another by intermediate walls which have bores or gas passage openings. Due to the radial outflow of the switching gases from the inner to the outer volumes, the exhaust gases are jet-like directed and vortexed on the partition walls of the volumes. In this way, heat is transferred turbulently convective to the intermediate walls in a highly efficient manner. The passage openings between the hollow contact volume, the intermediate volume and optionally the additional volume are offset from each other on the circumference. The passage openings between the additional volume and the exhaust volume are on each other Circumference and / or arranged offset in the axial direction. As a result, meandering as well as spiral exhaust paths are predetermined, the residence time of the exhaust gas in the exhaust area is increased and the heat output of the exhaust gas is improved. Overall, in addition to the hollow contact volume, the exhaust volume and the switching chamber volume, at least one further intermediate volume is needed in the circuit breaker in order to increase the efficiency of the exhaust gas cooling.

In the previously known switches, cold gas that remains in the interrupter unit before the switching operation is displaced by hot exhaust gas flowing out of the arc zone and pushed out of the exhaust pipe. The displaced to cold gas content hinders the outflow of hot exhaust gases and is lost for cooling purposes unused.

PRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION

Object of the present invention is to provide a method for cooling a switching gas in an electrical switching device and an associated electrical switching device with an improved switching performance. This object is achieved according to the invention by the features of the independent claims.

The invention consists in a method for cooling a switching gas in an electrical switching device for electrical power grids, in particular in a high voltage switch, wherein the switching device comprises a switching chamber which is enclosed by a switching chamber housing, wherein further in a switching process hot switching gas from an arc extinguishing zone to a Cold gas filled exhaust area flows and the hot switching gas is split into at least two partial gas flows, wherein at least a portion of the cold gas is stored in the exhaust area and the first partial gas flow past the cached cold gas and is flowed into the switching chamber and displaced by means of the second partial gas flow, the cached cold gas from the exhaust region and mixed before flowing out into the switching chamber housing with the first partial gas flow. The intermediate storage of the cold gas and the mixing with the first hot partial gas flow, this is cooled efficiently. This cooling takes place at a very early time when the first partial gas flow out of the arc extinguishing zone. In the exhaust volume existing cold gas is not displaced unused, but used for exhaust gas cooling. The displacement of the cold gas from the intermediate storage volume is effected by the second partial gas flow, in particular by being flowed through the intermediate storage volume, or by reducing the intermediate storage volume in its size, for. B. by applying gas pressure to a movably mounted wall of the intermediate storage volume, or by this generates a negative pressure and thereby sucks the cold gas from the intermediate storage volume, by combining such effects or otherwise. Due to the improved cooling, the switching gas is dielectrically more effective than previously solidified, the switching capacity can be increased and / or the switching chamber housing can be more compact, in particular slimmer, dimensioned without risking electrical flashovers between the outflowing switching gas and the switching chamber housing.

The embodiment according to claim 2 and 10 has the advantage that the first partial gas flow flows out of the exhaust largely at the same time as the stored cold gas, which is displaced from the second partial gas flow from the exhaust area and in particular the intermediate storage volume.

The embodiments according to claims 3-6 and 11-14 give advantageous geometries and preferred dimensioning criteria for the exhaust area and in particular for the buffer volume, the mixing zone and an optional mixing channel.

The embodiments according to claim 7-8 and 20-21 indicate different variants and installation locations for aids with which the switching gas can be additionally cooled. Advantageously, the first and / or second partial gas stream is additionally cooled by gas jet formation and gas jet turbulence on a baffle wall.

In a further aspect, the invention also relates to an electrical switching device for an electrical energy supply network, in particular a high-voltage switch. The switching device comprises a switching chamber, which is enclosed by a switching chamber housing and an arc extinguishing zone and an exhaust volume for cooling of hot switching gas, wherein at the beginning of a switching action an exhaust area of the exhaust volume is filled with cold gas, wherein means for splitting the hot switching gas in at least two partial gas flows Further, in the exhaust area, a buffer storage volume for storing cold gas is present, a first means is provided, which directs the first partial gas flow, bypassing the buffer volume in the switching chamber housing, and a second means is provided, the second partial gas flow to the stored cold gas directs and thereby causes the displacement of the stored cold gas from the intermediate storage volume.

The embodiments according to claim 15-19 indicate preferred structural embodiments for the buffer storage volume.

Further embodiments, advantages and applications of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims, from the claim combinations and from the following description and the figures.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Fig. 1

den Auspuffbereich einer Unterbrechereinheit mit Kaltgasverlust gemäss Stand der Technik;

Fig. 2

erste Ausführungsform eines Auspuffbereichs mit erfindungsgemässer Heissgas-Kaltgas Durchmischung;

Fig. 3

zweite Ausführungsformen mit jeweils zwei Teilströmungen antriebskontaktseitig und festkontaktseitig;

Fig. 4

dritte Ausführungsformen mit Öffnungsschlitzen im Zwischenspeichervolumen;

Fig. 5,6

vierte Ausführungsformen mit axialen Öffnungen im Zwischenspeichervolumen und radialem Gasaustritt aus dem Auspuff;

Fig. 5-8

fünfte Ausführungsformen mit Gasjetverwirbelung zur Vorkühlung des Schaltgases; und

Fig. 9

sechste Ausführungsformen mit anderen Mechanismen zur Vorkühlung der zweiten Teilgasströmung.

It show schematically

Fig. 1

the exhaust area of a breaker unit with cold gas loss according to the prior art;

Fig. 2

first embodiment of an exhaust area with inventive hot gas-cold gas mixing;

Fig. 3

second embodiments with two partial flows drive contact side and fixed contact side;

Fig. 4

third embodiments with opening slots in the buffer storage volume;

Fig. 5.6

fourth embodiments with axial openings in the intermediate storage volume and radial gas outlet from the exhaust;

Fig. 5-8

fifth embodiments with Gasjet Verwirbelung for precooling of the switching gas; and

Fig. 9

sixth embodiments with other mechanisms for pre-cooling the second partial gas flow.

In the figures, the same reference numerals are used for the same parts and, if necessary, repeated reference numerals are omitted.

WAYS FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

1 shows in simplified form the exhaust area of a conventional high-voltage switch which is constructed concentrically around a switch axis 1a and in which hot switching gas 11, 110 is discharged from the extinguishing arc zone 6 along a path, here a meandering path, from the exhaust volume 4 into the switching chamber 2 , In this case, the cold gas 111 is forced out of the exhaust area, without contributing to the cooling of the switching gas 11, 110.

Fig. 2 shows a simplified embodiment of a switching gas cooling according to the invention. The hot switching gas 11, 110 is split into two partial gas flows 11a, 11b, at least part of the cold gas 111 is temporarily stored in the exhaust area 7, 8, the first partial gas flow 11a is conducted past the cached cold gas 111 and flowed into the switching chamber 2, and with the aid of the second partial gas flow 11b the cached cold gas 111 is removed from the exhaust area 7, 8 displaced and mixed before flowing out into the switching chamber housing 3 with the first partial gas flow 11a. The mixed switching gas 13 has already at the beginning of the switching gas ejection a significantly reduced temperature compared to the conventional exhaust according to FIG. 1, where first cold gas 111 and then the relatively little cooled hot gas 110 flows. In the following, further embodiments of the switching gas cooling method will be discussed in connection with Figs. 2-9.

In the switching gas cooling process, the second partial gas flow 11b is led to the temporarily stored cold gas 111 in order to displace it directly or indirectly from the exhaust volume 7, 8. In each of FIGS. 2-9, the direct displacement is shown, in which the second partial gas flow 11b flows through the intermediate storage volume 7, 8 and replaces the cold gas 111. Equally, however, indirect displacement, for example by reducing the intermediate storage volume 7, 8 and / or by suction from the intermediate storage volume 7, 8 is possible. Preferably, the first partial gas flow 11a is flowed over a shorter path and the second partial gas flow 11b and optionally a third, fourth, etc., partial gas flow 11c over a longer path into the switching chamber housing 3. With the aid of the third or further partial gas flows 11c, the longer path can be divided into at least two paths, namely into the second partial gas flow 11b and a third or further partial gas flow 11c supporting this. As a result, an improved mixing of the switching gas 11 can be achieved.

Advantageously, the cached portion of the cold gas 111 in the exhaust area in a cold gas reservoir or Latching volume 7, 8 cached, wherein the intermediate storage volume 7, 8 an inlet opening 70 and an outlet opening 80 for the second 11b and the optional, further supporting partial gas flow 11c and in the region of the outlet opening 80 has a mixing zone 12, in which the stored cold gas 111 with the first partial gas flow 11a is mixed.

Preferably, a negative pressure in the region of the mixing zone 12 is generated by the first partial gas flow 11a, through which the cached cold gas 111 from the intermediate storage volume 7, 8 is sucked. The suction may be effective alone or in support of cold gas displacement. In addition, behind the mixing zone 12 and before entry into the switching chamber housing 3 in a mixing channel 10, the first partial gas flow 11a may be mixed with the intermediately stored cold gas 111 and in particular with a pre-cooled second partial gas flow 11b and optionally with a third or further partial gas flow 11c. The mixing channel 10 is an optional element. For example, gas jets can also be formed in the first partial gas flow 11a and in the displaced cold gas flow 111 and directed against one another in such a way that they swirl and mix with one another. As a result, even without or in addition to the mixing channel 10, the switching gas 11 is effectively cooled before or during the outflow into the switching chamber housing 3.

The storage capacity of the intermediate storage volume 7, 8 should preferably be selected in accordance with a desired mixing time and mixing temperature of the first partial gas flow 11a with the cached cold gas 111. In addition, a path difference between the longer and the shorter path equal to a flow length through the intermediate storage volume 7, 8 can be selected. For example, according to FIGS. 3, 4, the path difference is 2 * 1, wherein 1 = axial extent of the intermediate storage volume 7, 8, which is flowed through by the second partial gas flow 11b first in one axial direction and then after a deflection in the opposite axial direction.

Particularly preferably, the first partial gas flow 11a, bypassing the intermediate storage volume 7, 8, flows through a minimum distance into the switching chamber housing 3; and / or the second partial gas flow 11b is discharged through the intermediate storage volume 7, 8 over a maximum distance in the switching chamber housing 3; and / or a further partial gas flow 11c (FIG. 8) is at least partially discharged through the intermediate storage volume 7, 8 into the switching chamber housing 3.

In addition, the switching gas 11 with auxiliary precooling 9, 9a, 9b, 9c; 74, 75 in the exhaust volume 4 of the switching device 1 are pre-cooled (Fig. 5-9). In particular, the hot gas 110 may be pre-cooled before splitting into the partial gas flows 11a, 11b, 11c (FIG. 8, left side); and / or the first partial gas flow 11a and / or the second partial gas flow 11b and optionally a further partial gas flow 11c may be precooled. In particular, a gas jet can be formed in the switching gas 11 through a jet-forming outflow opening 74 in the intermediate storage volume 7, 8 and / or in an additional volume 9a, which is directed onto a baffle wall 75 and swirled there (FIGS. 5-8); and / or the switching gas 11 can also be directed to a baffle plate 9b and cooled there (FIG. 9); and / or in the switching gas 11, an extended path, in particular a meandering path, can be predetermined by means of steering means 9c and / or a recirculation area can be formed by means of swirling means 9c (FIG. 9). Other, not mentioned aids for switching gas cooling can also be used.

The invention also provides an electrical switching device 1, which is first explained in more detail with reference to FIG. The switching device 1 comprises a switching chamber 2, which is enclosed by a switching chamber housing 3 and an arc extinguishing zone 6 and an exhaust volume 4 for cooling of hot switching gas 11, 110 has. The arc extinguishing zone 6 extends between the contacts 5 of the arcing contact system 5 and is of the insulating material 6a laterally surrounded. The arcing contacts 5 typically comprise a switching pin and a contact tulip, at least one of which is movable by a switch drive, not shown. By way of example, in the figures on the right, the contact pin is shown as a fixed contact and on the left, the contact tulip is shown as a drive contact. The contact tulip can also be formed as a hollow exhaust outflow tube with a Hohlkontaktausströmöffnung 5a. Concentric with the arcing contact system 5, the rated current contacts are arranged, which in turn are surrounded by the switching chamber insulator 3a.

At the beginning of a switching operation, an exhaust area 7, 8 of the exhaust volume 4 is filled with cold gas 111. There are means 71, 72, 73; 7a, 7b; 8a, 8b for splitting the hot switching gas 11, 110 in at least two partial gas flows 11a, 11b, 11c present. In the exhaust area 7, 8, a buffer storage volume 7, 8 for storing cold gas 111 is arranged, wherein a first means 71; 101, 102, which directs the first partial gas flow 11a bypassing the intermediate storage volume 7, 8 into the switching chamber housing 3, and a second means 7a, 7b, 72 is present, which directs the second partial gas flow 11b to the stored cold gas 111 and thereby the displacement of the stored cold gas 111 from the intermediate storage volume 7, 8 causes.

FIGS. 3-9 show constructive embodiments for this purpose. In the exhaust area 7, 8, a shorter path for the first partial gas flow 11a and a longer path for the second partial gas flow 11b and optionally for at least one further partial gas flow 11c should be provided between the arc extinguishing zone 6 and the switching chamber housing 3c. Preferably, a path length difference 2 * 1 between the longer and shorter path through a flow-through length 2 * 1 by the intermediate storage volume 7, 8 predetermined. The path length difference or flow-through length can also be composed of two or more unequal length partial paths (FIGS. 5-8).

In Fig. 3-9, the intermediate storage volume 7, 8 an inlet opening 70 and an outlet opening 80, wherein the first means 71, the first partial gas flow 11a, bypassing the intermediate storage volume 7, 8 to the outlet opening 80 and directs the second means 7a, 7b, 72nd the second partial gas flow 11b or possibly further partial gas flows 11c to the inlet opening 70 and through the intermediate storage volume 7 to the outlet opening 80 directs.

In the region of the outlet opening 80, a mixing zone 12 for mixing the first partial gas flow 11a with the cold gas 111 should be present, which is stored in the intermediate storage volume 7, 8 and which is displaced from the intermediate storage volume 7, 8 by the second partial gas flow 11b. The mixing zone 12 can at the same time be designed as a vacuum zone 12 for sucking the stored cold gas 111 from the intermediate storage volume 7, 8. This can be z. B. by the flow conditions and in particular flow velocities of the partial flows 11a, 11b and optionally 11c in the region of the vacuum zone 12 can be achieved. In addition, the mixing zone 12 can also be designed as a turbulence zone 12 for the first partial gas flow 11a and the cold gas 111, in particular of gas jets of the first partial gas flow 11a and the cold gas 111.

In addition, behind the mixing zone 12 and before entry into the switching chamber housing 3, a mixing channel 10 may be arranged in which an additional mixing of the first partial gas flow 11a with the displaced from the intermediate storage volume 7, 8 cold gas 111 and in particular with a pre-cooled second partial gas flow 11b and optionally one further partial gas flow 11c takes place. The mixing channel 10 is z. B. separated by an inner channel wall 10a from the intermediate storage volume 8 and connected thereto via a channel inlet opening 101. The channel inlet opening 101 thus acts as a discharge opening from the intermediate storage volume 7, 8 and the channel outlet opening as the actual exhaust opening 102. The mixing channel 10 has a diameter D and a length L between the channel inlet opening 101 and the channel outlet opening 102. Diameter D and length L should be dimensioned so that an efficient mixture of the already premixed partial gas flows 11a, 11b, 11c with the cold gas 111 and with each other is realized. The mixing channel 10 may be aligned axially (Figs. 3-4, 7-9) and / or radially (Figs. 5-6).

The storage capacity of the intermediate storage volume 7, 8 is dimensioned such that a desired mixing time and mixing temperature of the first partial gas flow 11a with the temporarily stored cold gas 111 can be achieved. Also, the flow-through length, z. B. 2 * 1 in Fig. 3-4, be dimensioned by the buffer volume 7, 8 so that a desired time delay of the second partial gas flow 11a in the buffer storage volume 7, 8 relative to the first partial gas flow 11b can be realized.

FIGS. 3-9 also show preferred structural designs of the switching device 1. The exhaust volume 4 is enclosed by an exhaust housing 4a, which has an outflow opening 101 and an exhaust opening 102 toward the switching chamber housing 2. The intermediate storage volume 7, 8 is formed by a permeable body 7 a, 7 b, 8 a, 8 b, which is arranged in the exhaust volume 4. The flow-through body 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b has a first opening 71 for branching off the first partial gas flow 11a in a region of the body 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b facing the arc extinguishing zone 6 and a second opening 72 for the second partial gas flow 11b for a further assisting partial gas flow 11c, a third or further opening 73 in a region of the body 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b facing away from the arc extinguishing zone 6.

Preferably, to create a minimum path for the first partial gas flow 11a, the first opening 71 is close to Outflow opening 101, in particular radially opposite, arranged; and / or to provide a maximum path for the second partial gas flow 11b, the second opening 72 is located far away from the outflow opening 101, in particular axially maximally spaced apart from the outflow opening 101; and / or a third or further opening 73 is arranged between the first and second openings 71, 72 for a further partial gas flow 11c in the axial direction 1a (FIG. 8, right side). With the help of the further partial gas flow 11c, the long path can be divided into at least two paths 11b, 11c. As a result, the mixing of the switching gas 11 in the outer volume 8 can be improved.

Preferably, the second opening 72 cooperates with a deflecting device 7b, 8b, 8a for returning the stored cold gas 111 and the second partial gas flow 11b to the outlet opening 80 of the intermediate storage volume 7, 8; and / or the path length difference between the shorter path 11a for the first partial gas flow and the longer path 11b for the second partial gas flow is given by the axial distance between the first and second openings 71, 72. The openings 71, 72, 73 may be holes or slots in a wall 7a, 7b of the body 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b. The openings 71, 72, 73 may be arranged in a radial wall 7a and / or in an axial wall 7b of the body 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b. A number, size (ie cross-sectional area A ₁ , A ₂ , A ₃ ) and position of the first, second and optionally third openings 71, 72, 73 should be selected so that the first partial gas flow 11 a still largely in the exhaust volume 4 with the stored cold gas 111 is mixable. In particular, a plurality of holes or slots 72 and, if appropriate, 73 should be arranged on the circumference and / or along the axial extension in the body 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b which can be flowed through such that a hot gas front is formed in the second and possibly further partial gas flows 11b, 11c and no cold gas pockets in the buffer storage volume 7, 8 exist stay. Typically, in the region of the openings 71, 72, 73, the total flow cross-section A ₀ = A ₁ + A ₂ , optionally A ₀ = A ₁ + A ₂ + A ₃ , the lowest and the flow rate will be highest.

The flow-through body 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b may include an inner cylinder 7a, 7b and an outer cylinder 8a, 8b. Inner and outer cylinders 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b are preferably arranged coaxially to one another and to the switch axis 1a. By inner and outer cylinders 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, the buffer storage volume 7, 8 is limited radially by at least two lateral surfaces 7a, 8a and axially end by associated bottom surfaces 7b, 8b. The inner cylinder 7a, 7b defines an inner volume V ₁ and, towards the quenching arc zone 6, has an inlet opening 70 for the second partial gas flow 11a. The outer cylinder 8a, 8b surrounds the inner cylinder 7a, 7b, defines an outer volume V ₂ and has an exit opening 80 for the stored cold gas 111 and the second partial gas flow 11b toward the extinguishing arc zone 6. The inner cylinder 7a, 7b and outer cylinder 8a, 8b communicate with each other through the second opening 72 and optionally the third opening 73. The inner and outer volumes V ₁ , V ₂ should be coordinated so that a desired storage capacity for the cold gas 111 and a desired flow dynamics for the second partial gas flow 11b can be realized.

The buffer storage volume 7, 8, the first means 71; 101, 102 and the second means 7a, 7b, 72 may be arranged in the exhaust area 7, 8 of a first and / or a second contact 5 of the switching device 1. In the switching device 1 may be a high-voltage circuit breaker 1 or a high-current switch or a circuit breaker o. Ä. Act.

The following variants are shown in detail in FIGS. 3-8: FIG. 3: left side or drive contact side and right side or fixed contact side in each case two partial gas flows 11a, 11b realized through holes 71, 72; 4: left side with slots 71, 72 instead of holes and right side with large-area second opening 72 in the rear wall 7b of the inner cylinder 7a, 7b; Fig. 5-6: axially aligned first and second openings 71, 72 and inner cylinder 7a, 7b axially shortened (left side) and / or radially reduced (right side); further mixing channel 10 with radial exhaust or gas outlet 102; 7: slots 72 for the second partial gas flow 11b are dimensioned such that a hot gas jet or jet is built up and impacted against the outer wall 8a of the outer cylinder 8a, 8b, as discussed below; 8: additional volume 9a for building up a hot gas jet or jet (left side) and third openings 73 for splitting off a third partial gas flow 11c; and FIG. 9: first partial gas flow 11a or, as shown, second partial gas flow 11b with further cooling mechanisms 9.

Aids 9, 9a, 9b, 9c; 74, 75 for pre-cooling of the switching gas 11 may be arranged in the exhaust volume 4 of the switching device 1. The aids 9, 9a, 9b, 9c; 74, 75 may be arranged in the hot gas flow 110 before the splitting into the partial gas flows 11a, 11b, 11 and / or in the first partial gas flow and / or in the second partial gas flow 11a, 11b and possibly in the further partial gas flow 11c. Such aids relate on the one hand jet-forming outflow openings 74 in the intermediate storage volume 7, 8 and / or in an additional volume 9a for the formation of gas jets and a baffle 75 for turbulence and intensive turbulent convective cooling of the gas jets. Further details of this cooling mechanism can be pre-published European patent application EP 1 403 891 A1 and the unpublished international patent application PCT / CH2004 / 000752 are taken from hereby incorporated by reference with their entire disclosure content in the description. In particular, a radiation characteristic of the openings 71, 72, 73 so at a distance to the opposite baffle 75, z. B. the outer wall 8a or rear wall 8b of the outer cylinder 8a, 8b, be adapted to the vortex are formed on or in the region of the baffle 75. In addition, the switching gas and in particular the vortexes can be guided on circular paths, helical paths or on spiral paths. In particular, the circular paths, screw paths or on spiral paths along the baffle 75 around the inner cylinder 7a, 7b to the outflow opening 80 of the intermediate storage volume 7, 8 extend. According to FIG. 8, the additional volume 9a may be designed, for example, as a cylindrical metal sleeve 9a. The jet-forming metal sleeve 9a may, for. B. tulpenkontaktseitig or drive contact side concentrically around the Hohlkontaktausströmöffnung 5a and also within the intermediate storage volume 7, 8 or on the Schaltgas-Abströmweg 11 before the intermediate storage volume 7, 8 may be arranged. According to FIG. 9, the aids can also comprise a baffle plate 9b and / or steering means 9c and / or swirling means 9c for the switching gas 11.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

electrical switching device, breaker unit; High voltage circuit breaker

1a

Central axis, switch axis

2

Switching chamber, switching chamber volume

3

Switching chamber housing, switching chamber wall

3a

Switching chamber insulator

4

exhaust volume

4a

Exhaust Casing, Exhaust Wall; Electricity fittings

5

Arcing contact system, first contact, switching pin, fixed contact; second contact, contact tulip, hollow contact, drive contact

5a

Hohlkontaktausströmöffnung

6

Arc quenching zone

6a

insulating

7, 8

cold gas filled exhaust area, intermediate storage volume, cold gas reservoir

7

first volume V ₁ , inner volume

7a, 7b, 8a, 8b

permeable body

7a, 7b

Outer wall, rear wall of the inner volume; permeable body

70

Inlet opening in intermediate storage volume

71

first outflow opening (s)

72

second outflow opening (s), throughflow opening (s)

73

third outflow opening (s), further outflow opening (s), throughflow opening (s)

74

jet-forming outflow opening (s)

75

baffle wall

8th

second volume V ₂ , external volume

80

Outlet opening in intermediate storage volume

8a, 8b

Outer wall, rear wall of the intermediate storage volume or cold gas reservoir

9

Auxiliary for pre-cooling

9a

Additional volume, pre-cooling volume, jet-forming volume V ₃

9b

flapper

9c

Steering means, swirling agent for switching gas

10

Mixing channel, additional mixing length

10a

inside channel wall

101

Channel inlet opening, outflow opening

102

Duct outlet opening, exhaust opening

11

Quenching gas flow

11a, 11b

first, second partial gas flow

11c

third partial gas flow, further partial gas flows

110

hot gas

111

cold gas

12

Mixing zone; Under pressure zone; turbulence

13

mixed exhaust gas

A ₁ , A ₂ , A ₃

Cross-sectional area of the first, second, third outflow opening (s)

A ₀

Gesamtausströmfläche

L, D

Length, diameter of the mixing channel

1

Distance between outflow openings

Claims (22)

Method for cooling a switching gas (11) in an electrical switching device (1) for electrical energy supply networks, in particular in a high-voltage switch (1), wherein the switching device (1) comprises a switching chamber (2) which is enclosed by a switching chamber housing (3), wherein furthermore during a switching operation hot switching gas (11, 110) flows from an arc extinguishing zone (6) to an exhaust area (7, 8) filled with cold gas (111), wherein the hot switching gas (11, 110) flows into at least two partial gas flows (11a, 11b, 11c), characterized in that a) at least a portion of the cold gas (111) in the exhaust region (7, 8) is stored and the first partial gas flow (11 a) past the cached cold gas (111) and is discharged into the switching chamber (2) and b) with the aid of the second partial gas flow (11b) displaces the cached cold gas (111) from the exhaust region (7, 8) and before the outflow into the switching chamber housing (3) with the first partial gas flow (11a) is mixed. Method for cooling a switching gas (11) according to claim 1, characterized in that a) the second partial gas flow (11b) to the cached cold gas (111) is guided and / or b) the first partial gas flow (11a) via a shorter path and the second partial gas flow (11b) and optionally a supporting this additional or third partial gas flow (11c) is discharged over a longer path in the switching chamber housing (3). Method for cooling a switching gas (11) according to claim 2, characterized in that a) the cached portion of the cold gas (111) in the exhaust area in a buffer storage volume (7, 8) is cached and b) the intermediate storage volume (7, 8) has an inlet opening (70) and an outlet opening (80) for the second (11b) and optionally further partial gas flow (11c) and in the region of the outlet opening (80) a mixing zone (12) in which the stored cold gas (111) is mixed with the first partial gas flow (11a). Method for cooling a switching gas (11) according to claim 3, characterized in that a) from the first partial gas flow (11a) a negative pressure in the region of the mixing zone (12) is generated, through which the cached cold gas (111) from the intermediate storage volume (7, 8) is sucked in, and / or b) in the region of the mixing zone (12) in the first partial gas flow (11a) and in the cold gas (111) gas jets are generated and directed against each other and thereby mixed, and / or c) behind the mixing zone (12) and before entering the switching chamber housing (3) in a mixing channel (10) the first partial gas flow (11a) with the cached cold gas (111) and in particular with a pre-cooled second partial gas flow (11b) and optionally another Partial gas flow (11c) is additionally mixed. Method for cooling a switching gas (11) according to one of claims 3-4, characterized in that a) the storage capacity of the intermediate storage volume (7, 8) in accordance with a desired mixing time and mixing temperature of the first partial gas flow (11a) is selected with the cached cold gas (111) and / or b) a path difference (2 * 1) between the longer and the shorter path equal to a flow length (2 * 1) through the intermediate storage volume (7, 8) is selected. Method for cooling a switching gas (11) according to one of claims 3-5, characterized in that a) the first partial gas flow (11a), bypassing the intermediate storage volume (7, 8) is discharged over a minimum distance in the switching chamber housing (3) and / or b) the second partial gas flow (11b) is flowed through the intermediate storage volume (7, 8) over a maximum distance into the switching chamber housing (3) and / or c) a further partial gas flow (11c) at least in sections through the intermediate storage volume (7, 8) is flowed into the switching chamber housing (3). A method of cooling a switching gas (11) according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that a) the switching gas (11) is precooled with pre-cooling means (9, 9a, 9b, 9c, 74, 75) in the exhaust volume (4) of the switching device (1), b) in particular that the hot gas (110) is pre-cooled prior to the splitting into the partial gas flows (11a, 11b, 11c) and / or the first partial gas flow (11a) and / or the second partial gas flow (11b) and optionally a further partial gas flow (11c) , Method for cooling a switching gas (11) according to one of claims 1-7, characterized in that a) in the switching gas (11) by a jet-forming outflow opening (74) in the intermediate storage volume (7, 8) and / or in an additional volume (9a) is formed a gas jet, which is directed to a baffle wall (75) and swirled there and / or b) the switching gas (11) is directed to a baffle plate (9b) and / or c) in the switching gas (11) by means of steering means (9c) an extended path, in particular a meandering path, is given and / or by means of swirling means (9c) a recirculation area is formed. Electrical switching device (1) for an electric power supply network, in particular high-voltage switch (1), comprising a switching chamber (2) surrounded by a switching chamber housing (3) and an arc extinguishing zone (6) and an exhaust volume (4) for cooling hot Switching gas (11, 110), wherein at the beginning of a switching operation, an exhaust area (7, 8) of the exhaust volume (4) with cold gas (111) is filled, further comprising means (71, 72, 73, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b ) for splitting the hot switching gas (11, 110) into at least two partial gas flows (11a, 11b, 11c), characterized in that a) a buffer storage volume (7, 8) for storing cold gas (111) is arranged in the exhaust area (7, 8), b) a first means (71, 101, 102) is present, which directs the first partial gas flow (11a), bypassing the intermediate storage volume (7, 8) in the switching chamber housing (3) and c) a second means (7a, 7b, 72) is provided, which directs the second partial gas flow (11b) to the stored cold gas (111) and thereby causes the displacement of the stored cold gas (111) from the intermediate storage volume (7, 8). Electrical switching device (1) according to claim 9, characterized in that a) in the exhaust area (7, 8) between the arc extinguishing zone (6) and the switching chamber housing (3) has a shorter path for the first partial gas flow (11a) and a longer path for the second partial gas flow (11b) and optionally a further partial gas flow (11c) is given and b) in particular that a path length difference (2 * 1) between the longer and shorter path through a flow length (2 * 1) by the intermediate storage volume (7, 8) is predetermined. Electrical switching device (1) according to one of claims 9-10, characterized in that a) the intermediate storage volume (7, 8) has an inlet opening (70) and an outlet opening (80), b) the first means (71) directs the first partial gas flow (11a) bypassing the intermediate storage volume (7, 8) to the outlet opening (80) and c) the second means (7a, 7b, 72) directs the second partial gas flow (11b) or optionally further partial gas flows (11c) to the inlet opening (70) and through the intermediate storage volume (7, 8) to the outlet opening (80). Electrical switching device (1) according to any one of claims 9-11, characterized in that in the region of an outlet opening (80) of the intermediate storage volume (7, 8) a mixing zone (12) for mixing the first partial gas flow (11a) with the cold gas (111) is present, which is stored in the intermediate storage volume (7, 8) and which is displaced by the second partial gas flow (11b) from the intermediate storage volume (7, 8). Electrical switching device (1) according to one of claims 9-12, characterized in that a) the mixing zone (12) at the same time as a negative pressure zone (12) for sucking the stored cold gas (111) from the intermediate storage volume (7, 8) is configured, and / or b) the mixing zone (12) at the same time as Verwirbelungszone (12) for the first partial gas flow (11a) and the cold gas (111), in particular of gas jets of the first partial gas flow (11a) and the cold gas (111) is configured, and / or c) behind the mixing zone (12) and before entering the switching chamber housing (3) a mixing channel (10) is arranged in which an additional mixing of the first partial gas flow (11a) with the displaced from the intermediate storage volume (7, 8) cold gas (111 ) and in particular with a pre-cooled second partial gas flow (11b) and optionally a further partial gas flow (11c) takes place. Electrical switching device (1) according to one of claims 9-13, characterized in that a) the storage capacity of the intermediate storage volume (7, 8) is selected according to a desired mixing time and mixing temperature of the first partial gas flow (11a) with the cached cold gas (111) and / or b) a flow-through length (2 * 1) of the intermediate storage volume (7, 8) is selected according to a desired time delay of the second partial gas flow (11a) in the intermediate storage volume (7, 8) relative to the first partial gas flow (11b). Electrical switching device (1) according to any one of claims 9-14, characterized in that a) the exhaust volume (4) is enclosed by an exhaust housing (4a) which has an outflow opening (101) and an exhaust opening 102) towards the switching chamber housing (2), b) the intermediate storage volume (7, 8) is formed by a permeable body (7a, 7b, 8a, 8b) which is arranged in the exhaust volume (4) and c) the through-flowable body (7a, 7b, 8a, 8b) has a first opening (71) for branching off the first partial gas flow (11a) in an area of the body (7a, 7b, 8a, 8b) facing the arc extinguishing zone (6) and for the second partial gas flow (11b) has a second opening (72) in a region of the body (7a, 7b, 8a, 8b) facing away from the arc extinguishing zone (6). Electrical switching device (1) according to claim 15, characterized in that a) the first opening (71) near the outflow opening (101), in particular radially opposite, is arranged and / or b) the second opening (72) is arranged far away from the outflow opening (101), in particular axially maximally spaced apart from the outflow opening (101), and / or c) a third or further opening (73) for a third or further partial gas flow (11c) in the axial direction (1a) between the first and second openings (71, 72) is arranged. Electrical switching device (1) according to one of claims 15-16, characterized in that a) the second opening (72) with a deflection device (7b, 8b, 8a) for returning the stored cold gas (111) and the second partial gas flow (11b) to the outlet opening (80) of the intermediate storage volume (7, 8) cooperates and / or b) a path length difference (2 * 1) between the shorter path for the first partial gas flow (11a) and the longer path for the second partial gas flow (11b) is given by the axial distance between the first and second openings (71, 72). Electrical switching device (1) according to one of claims 15-17, characterized in that a) the openings (71, 72, 73) are holes or slots in a wall (7a, 7b) of the body (7a, 7b, 8a, 8b) and / or b) the openings (71, 72, 73) in a radial wall (7a) and / or in an axial wall (7b) of the body (7a, 7b, 8a, 8b) are arranged and / or c) a number, size and position of the first, second and optionally third openings (71, 72, 73) are selected so that the first partial gas flow (11a) is still in the exhaust volume (4) largely durchmischbar with the stored cold gas (111) , Electrical switching device (1) according to claims 15-18, characterized in that a) the through-flowable body (7a, 7b, 8a, 8b) comprises a coaxially arranged inner cylinder (7a, 7b) which has an inlet opening (70) for the second partial gas flow (11a) towards the extinguishing arc zone (6), b) the through-flowable body (7a, 7b, 8a, 8b) comprises an outer cylinder (8a, 8b) which surrounds the inner cylinder (7a, 7b) and which has an outlet opening (80) for the stored cold gas (111) towards the extinguishing arc zone (6). and the second partial gas flow (11a) and c) the inner cylinder (7a, 7b) and the outer cylinder (8a, 8b) through the second opening (72) and optionally the third opening (73) communicate with each other. Electrical switching device (1) according to one of claims 9-19, characterized in that a) auxiliary means (9, 9a, 9b, 9c, 74, 75) for pre-cooling of the switching gas (11) in the exhaust volume (4) of the switching device (1) are arranged, b) in particular that the aids (9, 9a, 9b, 9c, 74, 75) in the hot gas flow (110) before the splitting into the partial gas flows (11a, 11b, 11c) and / or in the first partial gas flow and / or in the second partial gas flow (11a, 11b) and optionally in a further partial gas flow (11c) are arranged. Electrical switching device (1) according to claim 20, characterized in that a) the aids comprise a jet-forming outflow opening (74) in the intermediate storage volume (7, 8) and / or in an additional volume (9a) for forming gas jets, and / or a baffle wall (75) for swirling the gas jets b) the aids comprise a baffle plate (9b) and / or steering means (9c) and / or swirling means (9c) for the switching gas (11). Electrical switching device (1) according to one of claims 9-21, characterized in that a) the intermediate storage volume (7, 8), the first means (71, 101, 102) and the second means (7a, 7b, 72) in the exhaust area (7, 8) of a first and / or a second contact (5) of the Switching device (1) are arranged and / or b) the switching device (1) is a high-voltage circuit breaker (1) or a high-current switch or a circuit breaker.

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