EP2120244A1 - High voltage output switch - Google Patents
High voltage output switch Download PDFInfo
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- EP2120244A1 EP2120244A1 EP08156231A EP08156231A EP2120244A1 EP 2120244 A1 EP2120244 A1 EP 2120244A1 EP 08156231 A EP08156231 A EP 08156231A EP 08156231 A EP08156231 A EP 08156231A EP 2120244 A1 EP2120244 A1 EP 2120244A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- chamber
- mixing chamber
- hot gas
- gas
- switch according
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
- H01H33/72—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid having stationary parts for directing the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid, e.g. arc-extinguishing chamber
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
- H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
- H01H2033/888—Deflection of hot gasses and arcing products
Definitions
- the invention relates to a circuit breaker, comprising a container filled with insulating gas and a switching unit arranged in the container and aligned along an axis and capable of being acted upon by high voltage, having a quenching chamber and at least one exhaust volume.
- the exhaust volume is connected via an inlet to an arc zone forming when it is switched off in the quenching chamber and communicates with the interior of the container via an outlet which is led through a housing of the switching unit.
- the exhaust volume has an annularly guided around the axis chamber in which flowing from the arc zone hot gas is mixed by recirculation with cool insulating gas.
- the described switch has an extinguishing chamber, an exhaust chamber downstream of the extinguishing chamber and an extinguishing chamber and exhaust volume arranged and a baffle plate containing intermediate volume.
- hot gas generated in the quenching chamber by a switching arc flows out of an insulating nozzle into the exhaust volume via the intermediate volume.
- the hot gas hits the baffle plate and is deflected. Then it hits a bottleneck of a Laval nozzle.
- Downstream of the baffle plate creates a recirculation area in which an effective flow is formed, which leads to a particularly good mixing of the hot gas with already existing in the intermediate volume cooler insulating gas.
- the dielectric properties of the hot gas are improved and thus increases the switching capacity of the switch.
- EP 1 768 150 A1 shows a high-voltage switch, the switching power is achieved by precooling the hot gas formed during switching off by means of a filled with cold insulating gas intermediate volume, in which the hot gas is divided into two partial flows, one of which flows through the intermediate volume and thereby displaces the cold gas, while the other am Intermediate volume is passed and then mixed with the displaced cold gas to a dielectrically high-quality insulating gas.
- WO 2006/066420 A1 known circuit breaker recirculates the hot gas in a trained as a sleeve exhaust area and builds so inside the sleeve back pressure.
- the hot gas therefore subsequently flows in the form of a plurality of gas jets through openings in the sleeve.
- a large number of vortices is produced, which cause intensive cooling of the hot gas through turbulent convective heat transfer into the baffle wall.
- the purpose of the invention is to provide a circuit breaker with improved switching performance.
- a mixing chamber designed in the manner of a hollow cylinder with two annular end faces is provided in the exhaust volume, one of the fed hot gas front of both end faces of two axially staggered plates formed, and is arranged between the two plates a radially aligned annular gap through the hot gas supplied flows predominantly in the radial direction into the interior of the mixing chamber.
- the hot gas passing from the annular gap into the interior of the chamber has a pulse proportional to the width of the annular gap and flows along the chamber wall. It is thus produced a virtually the entire volume of the mixing chamber filling, toroidal vortex high energy. This vortex ensures a rapid and intensive mixing of the incoming hot gas with the entire existing in the mixing chamber cool insulating gas, whereby a particularly effective cooling of the hot gas is achieved. Therefore, the gas emerging from the exhaust volume has properties even when switching off large short-circuit currents, which satisfy the requirements in areas of the switch which are subject to high dielectric stress.
- a first of the two plates is fastened to a part of the housing designed as an inner tube and a second of the two plates to a part of the housing designed as an outer tube, and the outer radius of the first plate is at least equal to the inner radius of the second plate.
- the length of the mixing chamber in the axial direction is approximately equal to the height of the chamber in the radial direction. It is then ensured that the vortex can form without great flow resistance in the mixing chamber, and that the vortex is maintained over a comparatively large period of time without significant friction losses through the surrounding wall of the mixing chamber.
- the flow cross section of the annular gap is kept small, at least smaller than the flow cross section of the inlet to the exhaust volume and larger than the flow cross section of the outlet from the exhaust volume into a surrounding and the switching unit filled with insulating gas outside space.
- the dielectric properties of the hot gas can be further improved if the exhaust volume has at least two series-connected, similarly formed mixing chambers, wherein the rear end face facing away from the inlet of the upstream first mixing chamber at the same time forms the front end side of the downstream second mixing chamber.
- the homogeneous vortex builds up a back pressure in the upstream first mixing chamber. This back pressure ensures a strong flow of the passing of the upstream first in the downstream second mixing chamber gas.
- the exhaust volume having at least one hollow-cylindrical mixing chamber is generally arranged upstream of an insulating nozzle provided in the quenching chamber and radially delimiting the arc zone. Alternatively, however, it can also be arranged downstream of the insulating nozzle. In a particularly powerful embodiment of the switch according to the invention, a second exhaust volume closes downstream of the insulating nozzle. Also in this second exhaust volume is advantageously arranged at least one hollow cylindrical mixing chamber, since then an excessively high dielectric load is avoided in the surrounding insulating gas when exiting the dielectrically improved and cooled in the mixing chamber hot gas from the second exhaust.
- the hot gas does not necessarily have to flow directly from the arc zone into the hollow cylindrical mixing chamber. It can also pass indirectly from the arc zone into the mixing chamber, for example via a premixing chamber upstream of the mixing chamber.
- the in Fig. 1 shown high-voltage circuit breaker has a filled with a compressed insulating gas, such as based on sulfur hexafluoride or a sulfur hexafluoride gas mixture, and generally made of metal, possibly also from a weather-resistant insulating, existing container K.
- a switching unit E which can be acted upon by high voltage, which is aligned along an axis X and has an axially symmetrical, substantially tubular housing 10.
- the Housing 10 receives a quenching chamber 20 and two exhaust volumes 30 and 40, of which the exhaust volume 30 connects to the lower end and the exhaust volume 40 to the upper end of the quenching chamber 20.
- the housing 10 is formed in a coaxial arrangement of two metal hollow bodies 11 and 12 and an insulating tube 13, which connects the two metal hollow body together gas-tight and forms a determined by the high voltage insulation distance between the two metal hollow bodies 11, 12.
- In the quenching chamber 20 is a contact arrangement with two along the axis X relative to each other displaceable switching pieces each having a rated current and an arcing contact.
- An arc contact of a first one of the two contact pieces, which is movable by a drive D, is hollow and communicates via outlet openings 22 with a premixing chamber 31 located in the exhaust volume 30.
- the arcing contact of the fixedly arranged second contact piece is identified by reference numeral 23 and is referred to as a pin educated.
- the movable contact piece and thus also the arcing contact 21 are electrically conductively connected via a sliding contact 24 and the metal hollow body 11 to a first power connection, not shown, of the switching unit E.
- the stationary contact piece and thus also the arcing contact 23 are electrically connected via a supporting ring containing spokes 25 and the hollow metal body 12 with a second power connection, not shown, of the switching unit E.
- the movable contact piece carries an insulating nozzle 26 coaxially surrounding the two arcing contacts 21 and 23 from a polymeric insulating material, preferably polytetrafluoroethylene, which extinguishes in the event of arcing.
- the insulating nozzle 26 defines an arc zone 27 radially outward. The arc zone is formed when switched off by the separating arcing contacts 21, 23 and in this case takes on the two contacts 21, 23 footed switching arc.
- the exhaust volume 30 is enclosed by the metal hollow body 11 and contains not only the premixing chamber 31 but also four series mixing chambers 32, 33, 34 and 35, which are each guided in a ring around the axis X.
- the Mixing chambers 32, 33 and 34 are each designed in the manner of a hollow cylinder and each have two annular end faces 3, 3 '(only referred to in the mixing chamber 32).
- 3a ', 3b' (indicated only at the chamber 32) are formed.
- a radially aligned annular gap 3c respectively. 3c ' As can be seen, the two plates 3a and 3b respectively.
- 3a 'and 3b' each formed as a circular ring.
- the plates 3a and 3a ' are attached to a part of the metal hollow body 11 formed as an inner tube 11b as an outer tube 11a and the plates 3b and 3b'.
- the outer radius of the plates 3b and 3b ' is at least equal to the inner radius of the plate 3a and 3a'.
- Fig. 1 it can be seen that the mixing chamber 32 is connected via the premixing chamber 31 with the outlet openings 22 acting as a gas inlet of the exhaust volume 30, and that the mixing chamber 35 has outlet openings 36 acting as a gas outlet of the exhaust volume 30. Through these openings 36 can during operation of the switch insulating gas from the container K into the interior of the housing 10, ie in the two exhaust volumes 30, 40 and the quenching chamber 20, flow and flows when turned off exhaust gas from the exhaust volume 30 in the insulating gas-filled container K from ,
- the flow S1 is admitted through the outlet openings 22 into the premixing chamber 31, in which the incoming hot gas is calmed and pre-cooled by premixing with cool insulating gas.
- the when cooling large short-circuit currents in general temperatures higher than 3000 K exhibiting, pre-cooled hot gas now bounces on the end face 3a of the mixing chamber 32 and is deflected in the radial direction.
- the deflected hot gas S1 is in the off Fig.2 accelerated annular gap 3c accelerates and enters the interior of the mixing chamber 32 at high speed and with a predominantly radially oriented flow direction. In this case, it is largely guided along the inner wall of the mixing chamber 32.
- the impulse resp. the velocity of the incoming hot gas S1 and thus the intensity of the induced vortex W can be reduced by reducing the in Fig.2 increased with the reference numeral A flow cross-section of the annular gap 3c.
- the flow cross-section A of the annular gap 3c should be smaller than the flow cross-section of the gas inlet defined by the outlet openings 22 and larger than the flow cross-section of the outlet openings 36 be defined gas outlet of the exhaust volume 30. Is that off Fig.
- the dielectric properties of the hot gas flow S1 are successively improved by the similar mixing chambers 33 and 34 subsequently flowing through it and the mixing chamber 35. It is advantageous that the homogeneous vortex W builds up a dynamic pressure in the mixing chamber 32 which, for a strong flow, passes from the mixing chamber 32 into the mixing chamber 33 Flow S1 provides. In the case of large short-circuit currents, the momentum of the hot gas flow S1 passing out of the mixing chamber 32 is generally still sufficient to produce well-formed vortices in the chamber 33 and in the following chambers 34 and 35 as well. Since high-voltage circuit breakers outside the insulating gas-filled container, ie in air, have to hold the applied high voltage, they generally extend in the axial direction substantially longer than radially. Therefore, a plurality of mixing chambers connected in series can be installed in the switching unit E, without exceeding the predetermined length in the axial direction by the magnitude of the high voltage.
- At least one of the mixing chamber 32 comparable hollow cylindrical chamber 41 may be provided in the exhaust volume 40, in which the flowing out of the diffuser of the insulating 26 hot gas flow S2 is guided with a radially directed flow component into the interior of the mixing chamber 41 and in this case the vortex W ' forms.
- exhaust gas enters the space between the metal hollow body 12 and container K and is thus not significantly reduced the dielectric strength in this space when exhausts of switching gas.
- At least one downstream further mixing chambers 42 additionally improves the dielectric properties of the hot gas flow S2.
- the time dependence of the breakdown voltage U BD was determined at three comparably trained switches during a zero crossing CZ of the current to be disconnected.
- Erf1 means a first embodiment of the switch according to the invention with a mixing chamber corresponding to the mixing chamber 32
- Erf2 a second embodiment of the switch according to the invention with two such mixing chambers connected in series
- SdT a prior art embodiment without such a mixing chamber. From the diagram shows that the minimum of the breakdown voltage in both embodiments according to the invention is substantially higher than in the switch according to the prior art, and that at the same time the breakdown voltage in the two embodiments according to the invention is subjected to substantially lower fluctuations than the switch after the state of the art. Therefore, the switch according to the invention is characterized by an improved switching performance.
- the breakdown voltage is obviously increased compared to the embodiment erf1 and thus the switching performance is additionally improved.
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Leistungsschalter, enthaltend einen isoliergasgefüllten Behälter und eine im Behälter angeordnete, längs einer Achse ausgerichtete und mit Hochspannung beaufschlagbare Schalteinheit mit einer Löschkammer und mindestens einem Auspuffvolumen. Das Auspuffvolumen ist über einen Einlass mit einer beim Ausschalten in der Löschkammer sich bildenden Lichtbogenzone verbunden und kommuniziert über einen Auslass, der durch ein Gehäuse der Schalteinheit geführt ist, mit dem Inneren des Behälters. Das Auspuffvolumen weist eine ringförmig um die Achse geführte Kammer auf, in der aus der Lichtbogenzone zuströmendes Heissgas durch Rezirkulation mit kühlem Isoliergas vermischt wird.The invention relates to a circuit breaker, comprising a container filled with insulating gas and a switching unit arranged in the container and aligned along an axis and capable of being acted upon by high voltage, having a quenching chamber and at least one exhaust volume. The exhaust volume is connected via an inlet to an arc zone forming when it is switched off in the quenching chamber and communicates with the interior of the container via an outlet which is led through a housing of the switching unit. The exhaust volume has an annularly guided around the axis chamber in which flowing from the arc zone hot gas is mixed by recirculation with cool insulating gas.
Bei diesem Schalter bildet sich beim Ausschalten in der Lichtbogenzone Heissgas mit Temperaturen, die im allgemeinen höher 10 000 K sind. Das Heissgas wird in das Auspuffvolumen ausgestossen. Bevor es dielektrisch hoch beanspruchte Bereiche des Schalters erreicht, muss es daher gekühlt werden, da der Schalter nur dann die anliegende Hochspannung, welche typischerweise zwischen einigen kV und mehreren hundert kV liegt, halten kann. Die Kühlung wird im allgemeinen durch Mischen des Heissgases mit kühlem Isoliergas erreicht und/oder durch Übertragung von Wärme aus dem Heissgas in feste Teile des Schalters, wie etwa metallene Wände oder Gitter. Aus Kostengründen ist das Auspuffvolumen jedoch klein zu halten, so dass zum Mischen mit dem Heissgas nur eine relativ geringe Menge an kühlem Isoliergas zur Verfügung steht.When this switch is turned off in the arc zone hot gas at temperatures which are generally higher than 10 000 K. The hot gas is expelled into the exhaust volume. It must therefore be cooled before it reaches areas of the switch which are subject to high dielectric stress, since the switch can only withstand the applied high voltage, which is typically between a few kV and several hundred kV. Cooling is generally achieved by mixing the hot gas with cool insulating gas and / or by transferring heat from the hot gas to solid parts of the switch, such as metal walls or grilles. For cost reasons, however, the exhaust volume is kept small, so that only a relatively small amount of cool insulating gas is available for mixing with the hot gas.
Eine Ausführungsform des Schalters der eingangs genannten Art ist beschrieben in
Bei einem aus
Die Erfindung wird im Hauptanspruch definiert und charakterisiert, während die abhängigen Ansprüche weitere Merkmale der Erfindung beschreiben.The invention is defined and characterized in the main claim, while the dependent claims describe further features of the invention.
Zweck der Erfindung ist es, einen Leistungsschalter mit einer verbesserten Schaltleistung zu schaffen.The purpose of the invention is to provide a circuit breaker with improved switching performance.
Beim erfindungsgemässen Leistungsschalter ist im Auspuffvolumen eine nach Art eines Hohlzylinders ausgebildete Mischkammer mit zwei kreisringförmigen Stirnseiten vorgesehen, ist eine vom zugeführten Heissgas angeströmte vordere beider Stirnseiten von zwei axial gegeneinander versetzt angeordneten Platten gebildet, und ist zwischen den beiden Platten ein radial ausgerichteter Ringspalt angeordnet, durch den das zugeführte Heissgas überwiegend in radialer Richtung ins Innere der Mischkammer strömt.In the circuit breaker according to the invention, a mixing chamber designed in the manner of a hollow cylinder with two annular end faces is provided in the exhaust volume, one of the fed hot gas front of both end faces of two axially staggered plates formed, and is arranged between the two plates a radially aligned annular gap through the hot gas supplied flows predominantly in the radial direction into the interior of the mixing chamber.
Das aus dem Ringspalt ins Innere der Kammer tretende Heissgas weist einen der Breite des Ringspalts proportionalen Impuls auf und strömt entlang der Kammerwand. Es wird so ein praktisch das gesamte Volumen der Mischkammer ausfüllender, torusförmiger Wirbel hoher Energie erzeugt. Dieser Wirbel sorgt für eine rasche und intensive Mischung des einströmenden Heissgases mit dem gesamten in der Mischkammer vorhandenen kühlen Isoliergas, wodurch eine besonders effektive Kühlung des Heissgases erreicht wird. Das aus dem Auspuffvolumen tretende Gas weist daher auch beim Abschalten grosser Kurzschlussströme Eigenschaften auf, die den Anforderungen in dielektrisch hoch beanspruchten Bereichen des Schalters genügen.The hot gas passing from the annular gap into the interior of the chamber has a pulse proportional to the width of the annular gap and flows along the chamber wall. It is thus produced a virtually the entire volume of the mixing chamber filling, toroidal vortex high energy. This vortex ensures a rapid and intensive mixing of the incoming hot gas with the entire existing in the mixing chamber cool insulating gas, whereby a particularly effective cooling of the hot gas is achieved. Therefore, the gas emerging from the exhaust volume has properties even when switching off large short-circuit currents, which satisfy the requirements in areas of the switch which are subject to high dielectric stress.
Mit Vorteil ist eine erste der beiden Platten an einem als Innenrohr und eine zweite der beiden Platten an einem als Aussenrohr ausgeführten Teil des Gehäuses befestigt und ist der Aussenradius der ersten Platte mindestens gleich dem Innenradius der zweiten Platte. Das durch den Ringspalt vorwiegend in axialer Richtung in die Mischkammer einströmende Heissgas verteilt sich dann nämlich gleichmässig über den gesamten Umfang des Ringspalts und bewirkt so eine weitgehend gleichförmige Ausbildung des Wirbels. Dementsprechend vermischt sich das Heissgas sehr homogen mit dem kühlen Löschgas.Advantageously, a first of the two plates is fastened to a part of the housing designed as an inner tube and a second of the two plates to a part of the housing designed as an outer tube, and the outer radius of the first plate is at least equal to the inner radius of the second plate. The hot gas flowing through the annular gap, mainly in the axial direction into the mixing chamber, then distributes uniformly over the entire circumference of the annular gap, thus producing a substantially uniform formation of the vortex. Accordingly, the hot gas mixes very homogeneously with the cool quenching gas.
Dadurch, dass die zweite Platte gegenüber der ersten Platte stromaufwärts der Heissgasströmung, also näher an der Lichtbogenzone angeordnet ist als die erste Platte, wird in der Mischkammer ein Wirbel erreicht, der von der vorderen Stirnseite zunächst an das Aussenrohr und erst dann über die hintere der beiden Stirnseiten an das Innenrohr gelangt. Auf das gut kühlbare und eine grosse Oberfläche aufweisende Aussenrohr kann so schon zu Beginn des Mischvorgangs Wärme aus dem Heissgas übertragen werden.Characterized in that the second plate opposite the first plate upstream of the hot gas flow, that is arranged closer to the arc zone than the first plate, a vortex is achieved in the mixing chamber, the first of the front end to the outer tube and only then the rear of the both end faces of the inner tube passes. On the well coolable and a large surface having outer tube can thus be transferred from the hot gas already at the beginning of the mixing process heat.
Es ist anzustreben, dass die Länge der Mischkammer in axialer Richtung etwa gleich der Höhe der Kammer in radialer Richtung ist. Es ist dann sichergestellt, dass sich der Wirbel ohne grossen Strömungswiderstand in der Mischkammer ausbilden kann, und dass der Wirbel ohne wesentliche Reibungsverluste durch die umgebende Wand der Mischkammer über einen vergleichsweise grossen Zeitraum erhalten bleibt.It is desirable that the length of the mixing chamber in the axial direction is approximately equal to the height of the chamber in the radial direction. It is then ensured that the vortex can form without great flow resistance in the mixing chamber, and that the vortex is maintained over a comparatively large period of time without significant friction losses through the surrounding wall of the mixing chamber.
Damit das in die Mischkammer einströmende Heissgas eine hohe Strömungsgeschwindigkeit und damit einen hohen Impuls aufweist, wird der Strömungsquerschnitt des Ringspalts gering gehalten, zumindest kleiner als der Strömungsquerschnitt des Einlasses ins Auspuffvolumen und grösser als der Strömungsquerschnitt des Auslasses aus dem Auspuffvolumen in einen die Schalteinheit umgebenden und mit Isoliergas gefüllten Aussenraum.So that the hot gas flowing into the mixing chamber has a high flow velocity and thus a high momentum, the flow cross section of the annular gap is kept small, at least smaller than the flow cross section of the inlet to the exhaust volume and larger than the flow cross section of the outlet from the exhaust volume into a surrounding and the switching unit filled with insulating gas outside space.
Die dielektrischen Eigenschaften des Heissgases können zusätzlich verbessert werden, wenn das Auspuffvolumen mindestens zwei in Reihe geschaltete, gleichartig ausgebildete Mischkammern aufweist, wobei die vom Einlass abgewandte hintere Stirnseite der vorgeschalteten ersten Mischkammer zugleich die vordere Stirnseite der nachgeschalteten zweiten Mischkammer bildet. Hierbei ist es vor besonderem Vorteil, dass der homogene Wirbel in der vorgeschalteten ersten Mischkammer einen Staudruck aufbaut. Dieser Staudruck sorgt für eine starke Strömung des aus der vorgeschalteten ersten in die nachgeschaltete zweite Mischkammer tretenden Gases.The dielectric properties of the hot gas can be further improved if the exhaust volume has at least two series-connected, similarly formed mixing chambers, wherein the rear end face facing away from the inlet of the upstream first mixing chamber at the same time forms the front end side of the downstream second mixing chamber. Here, it is particularly advantageous that the homogeneous vortex builds up a back pressure in the upstream first mixing chamber. This back pressure ensures a strong flow of the passing of the upstream first in the downstream second mixing chamber gas.
Das mindestens eine hohlzylindrische Mischkammer aufweisende Auspuffvolumen ist im allgemeinen stromaufwärts einer in der Löschkammer vorgesehenen und die Lichtbogenzone radial begrenzenden Isolierdüse angeordnet. Alternativ kann es aber auch stromabwärts der Isolierdüse angeordnet sein. In einer besonders leistungsstarken Ausführungsform des Schalters nach der Erfindung schliesst sich stromabwärts der Isolierdüse ein zweites Auspuffvolumen an. Auch in diesem zweiten Auspuffvolumen ist mit Vorteil mindestens eine hohlzylindrische Mischkammer angeordnet, da dann beim Austreten des in der Mischkammer dielektrisch verbesserten und abgekühlten Heissgases aus dem zweiten Auspuffvolumen in das umgebende Isoliergas eine unzulässig hohe dielektrische Belastung vermieden wird.The exhaust volume having at least one hollow-cylindrical mixing chamber is generally arranged upstream of an insulating nozzle provided in the quenching chamber and radially delimiting the arc zone. Alternatively, however, it can also be arranged downstream of the insulating nozzle. In a particularly powerful embodiment of the switch according to the invention, a second exhaust volume closes downstream of the insulating nozzle. Also in this second exhaust volume is advantageously arranged at least one hollow cylindrical mixing chamber, since then an excessively high dielectric load is avoided in the surrounding insulating gas when exiting the dielectrically improved and cooled in the mixing chamber hot gas from the second exhaust.
Das Heissgas muss nicht notwendigerweise unmittelbar aus der Lichtbogenzone in die hohlzylinderförmige Mischkammer strömen. Es kann auch mittelbar von der Lichtbogenzone in die Mischkammer gelangen, beispielsweise über eine der Mischkammer vorgeschaltete Vormischkammer.The hot gas does not necessarily have to flow directly from the arc zone into the hollow cylindrical mixing chamber. It can also pass indirectly from the arc zone into the mixing chamber, for example via a premixing chamber upstream of the mixing chamber.
Anhand von Zeichnungen wird nachfolgend die Erfindung näher erläutert. Hierbei zeigt:
- Fig.1
- eine Aufsicht auf einen längs einer Symmetrieachse geführten Schnitt durch einen Hochspannungs-Leistungsschalter nach der Erfindung beim Ausschalten eines Kurzschlussstroms,
- Fig.2
- in vergrösserter Darstellung mehrere im Schalter nach
Fig.1 vorgesehene hohlzylinderförmige Mischkammern, und - Fig.3
- ein Diagramm, in dem die Durchschlagsspannung UDB [105 V ] zwischen einer auf Hochspannungspotential befindlichen Schalteinheit und einem die Schalteinheit aufnehmenden, isoliergasgefüllten und geerdeten Metallbehälter in Funktion der Zeit t [s ] bei einem Schalter nach dem Stand der Technik und bei zwei Ausführungsformen des Schalters nach der Erfindung dargestellt ist.
- Fig.1
- a plan view of a guided along an axis of symmetry section through a high-voltage circuit breaker according to the invention when switching off a short-circuit current,
- Fig.2
- in an enlarged view several in the switch
Fig.1 provided hollow cylindrical mixing chambers, and - Figure 3
- a diagram in which the breakdown voltage U DB [10 5 V] between a switch located at high voltage potential switching unit and a switching unit, insulating gas filled and grounded metal container as a function of time t [s] in a switch according to the prior art and in two embodiments the switch according to the invention is shown.
In den Figuren beziehen sich gleiche Bezugszeichen auf gleichwirkende Teile. Der in
In der Löschkammer 20 befindet sich eine Kontaktanordnung mit zwei längs der Achse X relativ zueinander verschiebbaren Schaltstücken mit jeweils einem Nennstrom- und einem Lichtbogenkontakt. Ein mit dem Bezugszeichen 21 gekennzeichneter Lichtbogenkontakt eines von einen Antrieb D bewegbaren ersten beider Schaltstücke ist hohl ausgebildet und kommuniziert über Austrittsöffnungen 22 mit einer im Auspuffvolumen 30 angeordneten Vormischkammer 31. Der Lichtbogenkontakt des feststehend angeordneten zweiten Schaltstücks ist mit dem Bezugszeichen 23 gekennzeichnet und ist als Stift ausgebildet. Das bewegliche Schaltstück und damit auch der Lichtbogenkontakt 21 sind über einen Gleitkontakt 24 und den Metallhohlkörper 11 mit einem nicht dargestellten ersten Stromanschluss der Schalteinheit E elektrisch leitend verbunden. Das feststehende Schaltstück und damit auch der Lichtbogenkontakt 23 sind über einen Speichen enthaltenden Tragring 25 und den Metallhohlkörper 12 mit einem nicht dargestellten zweiten Stromanschluss der Schalteinheit E elektrisch leitend verbunden.In the quenching
Das bewegliche Schaltstück trägt eine die beiden Lichtbogenkontakte 21 und 23 koaxial umgebende Isolierdüse 26 aus einem bei Lichtbogeneinwirkung löschgasabgebenden polymeren Isoliermaterial, vorzugsweise Polytetrafluorethylen. Die Isolierdüse 26 begrenzt eine Lichtbogenzone 27 radial nach aussen. Die Lichtbogenzone wird beim Ausschalten durch die sich trennenden Lichtbogenkontakte 21, 23 gebildet und nimmt hierbei den auf den beiden Kontakten 21, 23 fussenden Schaltlichtbogen auf.The movable contact piece carries an insulating
Das Auspuffvolumen 30 ist vom Metallhohlkörper 11 umschlossen und enthält neben der Vormischkammer 31 auch vier in Reihe geschaltete Mischkammern 32, 33, 34 und 35, welche jeweils ringförmig um die Achse X geführt sind. Die Mischkammern 32, 33 und 34 sind jeweils nach Art eines Hohlzylinders ausgebildet und weisen jeweils zwei kreisringförmige Stirnseiten 3, 3' auf (nur bei der Mischkammer 32 bezeichnet).The
Wie
Beim Ausschalten baut der Schaltlichtbogen während der Hochstromphase des abzuschaltenden Stroms in der Löschkammer 20 einen hohen Gasdruck auf. Bei Annäherung des Stroms an einen Nulldurchgang treten aus der Löschkammer 20 zwei entgegensetzt gerichtetete Heissgasströmungen S1 und S2 aus, von denen die Strömung S1 durch den als Düse ausgebildeten hohlen Lichtbogenkontakt 21 und die Strömung S2 durch die Engstelle und den Diffusor der Isolierdüse 26 geführt werden.When switching off the switching arc builds during the high-current phase of the current to be disconnected in the quenching
Die Strömung S1 wird durch die Austrittsöffnungen 22 in die Vormischkammer 31 eingelassen, in der das einströmende Heissgas beruhigt und durch Vormischen mit kühlem Isoliergas vorgekühlt wird. Das beim Ausschalten grosser Kurzschlussströme im allgemeinen Temperaturen höher 3000 K aufweisende, vorgekühlte Heissgas prallt nun auf die Stirnfläche 3a der Mischkammer 32 und wird in radialer Richtung abgelenkt. Das abgelenkte Heissgas S1 wird in dem aus
Der Impuls resp. die Geschwindigkeit des einströmenden Heissgases S1 und damit die Intensität des induzierten Wirbels W können durch Verkleinerung des in
Die dielektrischen Eigenschaften der Heissgasströmung S1 werden durch die nachfolgend von ihr durchströmten gleichartigen Mischkammern 33 und 34 und die Mischkammer 35 sukzessive verbessert. Hierbei ist es von Vorteil, dass der homogene Wirbel W in der Mischkammer 32 einen Staudruck aufbaut, der für eine starke Strömung der aus der Mischkammer 32 in die Mischkammer 33 tretenden Strömung S1 sorgt. Bei grossen Kurzschlussströmen reicht der Impuls der aus der Mischkammer 32 tretenden Heissgasströmung S1 im allgemeinen noch aus, um auch in der Kammer 33 und in den nachfolgenden Kammern 34 und 35 noch gut ausgebildete Wirbel zu erzeugen. Da Hochspannungs-Leistungsschalter ausserhalb des isoliergasgefüllten Behälters, d.h. an Luft, die anliegende Hochspannung halten müssen, erstrecken sie sich im allgemeinen in axialer Richtung wesentlich länger als radial. Daher können mehrere in Reihe geschaltete Mischkammern in der Schalteinheit E eingebaut sein, ohne die durch die Grösse der Hochspannung vorbestimmte Länge in axialer Richtung zu überschreiten.The dielectric properties of the hot gas flow S1 are successively improved by the
Alternativ oder - wie in
In dem in
Durch die Verwendung einer in Reihe geschalteten zweiten Mischkammer bei der Ausführungsform Erf2 wird die Durchschlagsspannung gegenüber der Ausführungsform Erf1 ersichtlich erhöht und somit die Schaltleistung zusätzlich verbessert.By using a series-connected second mixing chamber in the embodiment Erf2, the breakdown voltage is obviously increased compared to the embodiment erf1 and thus the switching performance is additionally improved.
- AA
- StrömungsquerschnittFlow area
- CZCZ
- StromnulldurchgangCurrent zero
- DD
- Antriebdrive
- Ee
- Schalteinheitswitching unit
- KK
- Behältercontainer
- LL
- Längelength
- RR
- Höheheight
- S1, S2S1, S2
- HeissgasströmungenHot gas flows
- tt
- ZeitTime
- UBD U BD
- DurchschlagsspannungBreakdown voltage
- W, W'W, W '
- Wirbelwhirl
- XX
- Achseaxis
- 3, 3'3, 3 '
- Stirnseitenfront sides
- 3a, 3b, 3a', 3b'3a, 3b, 3a ', 3b'
- Plattenplates
- 3c, 3c'3c, 3c '
- Ringspalteannular gaps
- 1010
- Gehäusecasing
- 11, 1211, 12
- MetallhohlkörperMetal hollow body
- 11a, 12a11a, 12a
- AussenrohreOutside pipes
- 11b11b
- Innenrohrinner tube
- 1313
- Isolierrohrinsulating
- 2020
- Löschkammerextinguishing chamber
- 21, 2321, 23
- LichtbogenkontakteArcing contacts
- 2222
- Austrittsöffnungen, GaseinlassOutlets, gas inlet
- 2424
- Gleitkontaktsliding contact
- 2525
- Tragringsupport ring
- 2626
- Isolierdüseinsulating
- 2727
- LichtbogenzoneArc zone
- 3030
- Auspuffvolumenexhaust volume
- 3131
- Vormischkammerpremix
- 32, 33, 34, 3532, 33, 34, 35
- Mischkammernmixing chambers
- 3636
- Austrittsöffnungen, GasauslassOutlets, gas outlet
- 3636
- Austrittsöffnungen, GasauslassOutlets, gas outlet
- 4040
- Auspuffvolumenexhaust volume
- 41, 4241, 42
- Mischkammernmixing chambers
- 43, 4443, 44
- Plattenplates
- 4545
- Austrittsöffnungen, GasauslassOutlets, gas outlet
Claims (10)
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mischkammer (32) nach Art eines Hohlzylinders ausgebildet ist und zwei kreisringförmige Stirnseiten (3, 3') aufweist, dass eine vom Heissgas (S1) angeströmte erste (3) beider Stirnseiten (3, 3') von zwei axial gegeneinander versetzt angeordneten Platten (3a, 3b) gebildet ist, und dass zwischen den beiden Platten (3a, 3b) ein radial ausgerichteter Ringspalt (3c) angeordnet ist, durch den das zugeführte Heissgas (S1) überwiegend in radialer Richtung ins Innere der Mischkammer (32) strömt.Circuit breaker, comprising a container (K) filled with insulating gas and a switching unit (E) arranged in the container (K) aligned along an axis (X) and subject to high voltage, with an extinguishing chamber (20) and at least one exhaust volume (30, 40) connected via a gas inlet (22) with an arc in the arc chamber (20) forming arc zone (27), and which via a gas outlet (36, 45) which is guided through a housing (10) of the switch unit (E) , communicates with the interior of the container (K), in which the exhaust volume (30, 40) has a chamber (32, 33, 34, 35, 41, 42) guided annularly around the axis (A), in which the arc zone (27) inflowing hot gas (S1, S2) is mixed by recirculation with cool insulating gas,
characterized in that the mixing chamber (32) is designed in the manner of a hollow cylinder and two annular end faces (3, 3 '), that one of the hot gas (S1) flowing first (3) of both end faces (3, 3') of two axially Staggered plates (3a, 3b) is formed, and in that between the two plates (3a, 3b) a radially aligned annular gap (3c) is arranged, through which the supplied hot gas (S1) predominantly in the radial direction into the interior of the mixing chamber ( 32) flows.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP08156231A EP2120244A1 (en) | 2008-05-15 | 2008-05-15 | High voltage output switch |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP08156231A EP2120244A1 (en) | 2008-05-15 | 2008-05-15 | High voltage output switch |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2120244A1 true EP2120244A1 (en) | 2009-11-18 |
Family
ID=39832672
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP08156231A Withdrawn EP2120244A1 (en) | 2008-05-15 | 2008-05-15 | High voltage output switch |
Country Status (1)
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EP (1) | EP2120244A1 (en) |
Cited By (8)
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WO2012067759A1 (en) * | 2010-11-15 | 2012-05-24 | Schneider Electric USA, Inc. | Circuit breaker with controlled exhaust |
DE102012202406A1 (en) * | 2012-02-16 | 2013-08-22 | Siemens Ag | Switchgear arrangement |
WO2013120733A1 (en) * | 2012-02-16 | 2013-08-22 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Switchgear arrangement |
DE102013209663A1 (en) * | 2013-05-24 | 2014-11-27 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Switching gas channel and switching device with switching gas channel |
WO2017162533A1 (en) | 2016-03-24 | 2017-09-28 | Abb Schweiz Ag | Electrical circuit breaker device with particle trap |
EP3407370A1 (en) * | 2017-05-24 | 2018-11-28 | General Electric Technology GmbH | A gas blast switch comprising an optimized gas storage chamber |
EP3726554A1 (en) * | 2019-04-16 | 2020-10-21 | General Electric Technology GmbH | Circuit breaker with metallic enclosure |
EP3767659A1 (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2021-01-20 | ABB Power Grids Switzerland AG | Circuit breaker with improved exhaust cooling |
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EP3407370A1 (en) * | 2017-05-24 | 2018-11-28 | General Electric Technology GmbH | A gas blast switch comprising an optimized gas storage chamber |
EP3726554A1 (en) * | 2019-04-16 | 2020-10-21 | General Electric Technology GmbH | Circuit breaker with metallic enclosure |
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EP3767659A1 (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2021-01-20 | ABB Power Grids Switzerland AG | Circuit breaker with improved exhaust cooling |
WO2021009148A1 (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2021-01-21 | Abb Power Grids Switzerland Ag | Circuit breaker with improved exhaust cooling |
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