EP1403891B2 - Circuit breaker - Google Patents

Abstract

The breaker has an arcing chamber filled with an isolating gas, extends along a longitudinal axis. A deflection device (4) interacts with an opening in a hollow contact (2). The device is arranged on a side of the contact facing away from an arc area, for radial deflection of hot gases into an exhaust volume. An intermediate volume (7) is provided between the hollow contact and an exhaust body (10).

Description

TECHNICAL AREA

The invention is based on a method and a power switch according to the preamble of the independent claims.

STATE OF THE ART

From the Scriptures EP 0 836 209 A2 is a circuit breaker known that can be used in a high voltage electrical network. This circuit breaker has a rotationally symmetrical formed quenching chamber, which is filled with an electronegative gas, for example with SF ₆ gas as extinguishing and insulating medium. In the on state, a switching pin bridges the distance between the two, in this type of switch a fixed distance having, main contacts of the quenching chamber. When switching off, the switching pin moves axially in one direction and the two main contacts together in the opposite direction. The switching pin then initiates an arc between the two main contacts, which burns until extinguished in an arcing space located between the main contacts.

The hot and ionized gases produced in the arc chamber are removed, a part of which is stored in a heating volume and later used in a known manner to assist in the extinguishing process. The remaining hot gases are discharged axially on both sides through the tubular main contacts through into an exhaust volume. These axial, guided in the tubular channels gas streams usually lead the majority of the hot, interspersed with conductive switching residues gases from the arc chamber, so that after the expiration of the arc no charge carriers are present, which could favor a re-ignition of the arc between the main contacts , The tubular channels are, in order to ensure an effective flow, designed as streamlined as possible. In addition, it is thus avoided that too much back pressure from the exhaust volume re-acts in the arcing area and adversely affects the extinguishing process. This circuit breaker has a comparatively high breaking capacity.

According to US Pat. 5,717,183 For example, a high-voltage circuit breaker has two contact pieces and a gas outflow channel for quenching gas heated by the arc and a cooling device for cooling the quenching gas. The cooling device comprises a metal body arranged in the flow path with passage openings and an insulating body arranged in the flow path in front of the metal body. On the insulating body of the hot quenching gas is removed by evaporation of material heat energy. Subsequently, the precooled gas flows through the metal body and gives off heat energy to it by convective laminar heat transfer. The insulating body is formed as an inner, open-ended hollow cylinder and the metal body as a spaced, on its entire lateral surface large-area perforated outer cylinder. The hot extinguishing gas flows largely laminar along the lateral surface of the insulating material to the open end, where it is deflected due to the pressure gradient and then flows laminar in the radial direction through the entire perforated lateral surface of the metal heat sink. Isolierstoffkörper and metal body represent two independent mechanisms for quenching gas cooling. The large outflow surfaces at the end of the insulating material and the large perforated surface area of the metal cylinder ensures that the pressure along the flow path is continuously reduced and a laminar as possible flow is maintained.

The US 4,182,042 discloses a method and a circuit breaker according to the preamble of the independent claims.

PRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION

The invention, as defined in the independent claims, solves the problem of providing a circuit breaker with significantly increased turn-off power by simple means, which can be created inexpensively.

In a first aspect, the invention relates to a method of cooling hot gases in a circuit breaker having a quench chamber filled with an insulating gas and extending along a longitudinal arc chamber containing at least two power contacts, at least one of the power contacts being movable or fixed tubular Hollow contact is formed, which is provided for the discharge of hot gases from the arc chamber in an exhaust volume, which is enclosed by a wall limiting the exhaust volume and is connected by at least one second opening with a quenching chamber volume, wherein between the hollow contact and the exhaust volume at least one Intermediate volume is present, which is enclosed by a wall and is connected by at least one radially aligned opening with the exhaust volume, wherein the circuit breaker abge with a on the arcing space arranged side of the hollow contact arranged, at least a first opening of the hollow contact cooperating deflection for the radial deflection of the hot gases is provided in the exhaust volume, through the outflow in the radial direction of the resulting gas jet impinges on the wall of the intermediate volume and deflected by this under intense vortex formation and by the vortex formation a particularly good heat transfer to the wall of the intermediate volume is effected and the volume of the swirling gas is reduced.

In a further aspect, the invention relates to a circuit breaker comprising at least one extinguishing chamber filled with an insulating gas and extending along a longitudinal axis and containing an arcing space having at least two power contact pieces, wherein at least one of the power contact pieces is formed as a movable or fixed tubular hollow contact, which for the Derivation of hot gases from the arc chamber is provided in an exhaust volume which is enclosed by a wall bounding the exhaust volume and connected by at least one second opening with a quenching chamber volume, wherein between the hollow contact and the exhaust volume at least one intermediate volume is present, through a Wall is enclosed and is connected by at least one radially aligned opening with the exhaust volume, wherein the circuit breaker ang with an on the side facing away from the arc chamber side of the hollow contact ang eordneten, with at least a first opening of the hollow contact cooperating deflection for the radial deflection of the hot gases is provided in the exhaust volume, the wall of the intermediate volume has an impact point for swirling the flowing gas flow in the radial direction, and by the swirling a particularly good heat transfer to the Wall of the intermediate volume is effected and thereby the volume of the swirling gas is reduced.

The circuit breaker has at least one extinguishing chamber, which is filled with an insulating gas and extends along a longitudinal axis and has a radially symmetrical design, an arc chamber containing at least two power contact pieces. At least one of the power contact pieces is formed as a tubular hollow contact, which is provided for the discharge of hot gases from the arc chamber in an exhaust volume, arranged on the side facing away from the arc gap side of the hollow contact, with at least a first opening of the hollow contact cooperating deflection for the radial Redirecting the hot gases in the exhaust volume, which is connected by at least one second opening with a quenching chamber volume. At least one intermediate volume is provided between the hollow contact and the exhaust volume. The at least one first intermediate volume is bounded by a first wall against the exhaust volume, wherein the first wall has at least one third, radially aligned opening which connects the intermediate volume with the exhaust volume. This first wall consists of a good heat-conducting material, in particular of a metal. However, a plastic would have a particularly favorable effect at this point, which in addition to good heat conduction properties would have the property of slightly evaporating on the arrival of the hot gases, whereby heat energy would be withdrawn from the gases. Another advantage would be if the vaporized plastic contained dissociating and / or electronegative gases.

$${\mathrm{V}}_2/{\mathrm{A}}_2=\left(\mathrm{0},\mathrm{1}\mathrm{bis}\mathrm{0},\mathrm{5}\right)\mathrm{m},$$

$${\mathrm{V}}_3/{\mathrm{A}}_3=\left(\mathrm{1},\mathrm{0}\mathrm{bis}\mathrm{2},\mathrm{5}\right)\mathrm{m}\mathrm{.}$$

Dabei ist: V₁ das Volumen innerhalb des Hohlkontaktes und A₁ der Querschnitt der ersten Öffnung, V₂ das Volumen des Zwischenvolumens und A₂ der Querschnitt der dritten Öffnung, V₃ das Volumen des Auspuffvolumens und A₃ der Querschnitt der zweiten Öffnung.According to the invention, a particularly powerful embodiment of the circuit breaker is obtained if the following conditions are met: $${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="V"\; filenames="imgf0005.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">V</figure-callout>}}_{\mathrm{1}}/{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="A"\; filenames="imgf0005.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">A</figure-callout>}}_{\mathrm{1}}=\left(\mathrm{0}.\mathrm{1}\mathrm{to}\mathrm{0}.\mathrm{5}\right)\mathrm{m}.$$

$${\mathrm{V}}_2/{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="A"\; filenames="imgf0001.png,imgf0002.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">A</figure-callout>}}_2=\left(\mathrm{0}.\mathrm{1}\mathrm{to}\mathrm{0}.\mathrm{5}\right)\mathrm{m}.$$

$${\mathrm{V}}_3/{\mathrm{A}}_3=\left(\mathrm{1}.\mathrm{0}\mathrm{to}\mathrm{2}.\mathrm{5}\right)\mathrm{m}\mathrm{,}$$

Here, V _{1 is} the volume inside the hollow contact and A _{1 is} the cross section of the first opening, V _{2 is} the volume of the intermediate volume and A _{2 is} the cross section of the third opening, V _{3 is} the volume of the exhaust volume and A _{3 is} the cross section of the second opening.

A second embodiment of the circuit breaker has at least a second, referred to as additional volume, intermediate volume between the first intermediate volume and the exhaust volume. This at least one additional volume is delimited by a second wall against the exhaust volume, wherein the second wall has at least a fourth, radially oriented opening which connects the additional volume with the exhaust volume. The second wall consists of a good heat-conducting material, in particular of a metal or a plastic, as described in connection with the first wall.

The advantages achieved by the invention can be seen in the fact that as a result of a particularly good cooling of the hot gases, a progressive volume reduction of the same and thus an optimal outflow of hot gases from the arc chamber is ensured, so that the same dimensions of the quenching chamber a much higher shutdown achieves the same becomes.

The further advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

The invention, its development and the advantages that can be achieved with it are explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing, which represents only one possible embodiment.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

• Fig. 1 einen stark vereinfacht und schematisch dargestellten Teilschnitt durch den Auspuffbereich einer Löschkammer einer ersten Ausführungsform eines Leistungsschalters,
• Fig. 2 einen stark vereinfacht und schematisch dargestellten Teilschnitt durch den Auspuffbereich einer Löschkammer einer zweiten Ausführungsform eines Leistungsschalters,
• Fig. 3 einen senkrechtzu einer Längsachse gelegten Schnitt B-B durch die erste Ausführungsform eines Leistungsschalters gemäss Fig. 1,
• Fig. 4 einen senkrechtzu einer Längsachse gelegten abgestuften Schnitt C-C durch die zweite Ausführungsform eines Leistungsschalters gemäss Fig. 2,
• Fig. 5 einen stark vereinfacht und schematisch dargestellten Teilschnittdurch den Auspuffbereich einer Löschkammer einer dritten Ausführungsform eines Leistungsschalters, und
• Fig. 6 ein schematisch dargestelltes Detail derdritten Ausführungsform des Leistungsschalters.

Show it:

• Fig. 1 a greatly simplified and schematically illustrated partial section through the exhaust area of a Quenching chamber of a first embodiment of a circuit breaker,
• Fig. 2 a greatly simplified and schematically illustrated partial section through the exhaust area of a quenching chamber of a second embodiment of a circuit breaker,
• Fig. 3 a perpendicular to a longitudinal axis laid section BB through the first embodiment of a circuit breaker according to Fig. 1 .
• Fig. 4 a stepped perpendicular to a longitudinal axis CC stepped section through the second embodiment of a circuit breaker according to Fig. 2 .
• Fig. 5 a highly simplified and schematically illustrated partial section through the exhaust area of a quenching chamber of a third embodiment of a circuit breaker, and
• Fig. 6 a schematically illustrated detail of the third embodiment of the circuit breaker.

In all figures the same elements are provided with the same reference numerals. All elements not required for the immediate understanding of the invention are not shown or described.

WAYS FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

A circuit breaker may have one or more series-connected, filled with an insulating gas extinguishing chambers that operate according to one of the conventional switching principles, so for example as a self-baffle, as a self-baffle with at least one additional compression piston assembly or as a simple compression piston switch. The circuit breaker can, for example, an arrangement of the power contacts, similar to the font EP 0 836 209 A2 However, it is also possible that one or both power contacts are designed to be movable. The circuit breaker may be designed, for example, as an outdoor switch, as part of a metal-enclosed gas-insulated switchgear or as a dead tank breaker. The FIG. 1 shows a highly simplified and schematically illustrated partial section through the exhaust area of a quenching chamber of a first embodiment of a circuit breaker.

This first embodiment of the quenching chamber is rotationally symmetrical and extends along a longitudinal axis 1. The quenching chamber has an arc chamber, not shown here, in which an arc burns during the turn-off between two power contacts. The arc heats the insulating gas in the arc chamber in a known manner. A portion of this heated, pressurized gas flows out of the arc chamber through one of the power contacts, which is formed as a tubular hollow contact 2. An arrow 3 indicates the direction of flow of this hot gas from the arc chamber to the exhaustion region. The hollow contact 2 has a volume V ₁ in the interior. The indicated by the arrow 3 gas flow is deflected by an approximately cone-shaped deflection 4, as indicated by an arrow 5, in a predominantly radial direction. The gas flow passes through openings 6 provided in the outer wall of the hollow contact 2 into an intermediate volume 7, which is arranged concentrically with respect to the hollow contact 2 and has a volume V ₂ . The openings 6 in the outer wall of the hollow contact have a common cross section A ₁ . In the intermediate volume 7, the gases swirl.

The intermediate volume 7 is enclosed by a wall 8, which is preferably made of metal, such as steel or copper, but it may also consist of a comparatively good heat-conducting plastic. Particularly favorable at this point would affect a plastic, which would have the property in addition to good heat conduction properties, to evaporate slightly upon impact of hot gases, whereby the gases heat energy would be withdrawn. Another advantage would be if the vaporized plastic contained dissociating and / or electronegative gases. The wall 8 has at least one opening 9, which allows the passage of the turbulent gases in the radial direction in a concentrically arranged exhaust volume 10. The at least one opening 9 in the wall 8 has a cross section A ₂ . In general, the openings 6 and 9, as out Fig. 3 seen offset from one another, so that the swirled, flowing in the radial direction gases can not flow directly through the openings 9 in the exhaust volume 10. However, it is also conceivable that one of the openings 9 is provided completely or partially congruent with one of the openings 6 in order to consciously ensure a direct partial or complete flow from the opening 6 into the exhaust volume 10. The openings 9 are optimally configured in terms of shape, size, arrangement and number and matched to the respective operating requirements.

The exhaust volume 10 is defined to the outside of a metallic wall 11, which is supported on the one hand on the hollow contact 2 and on the other hand on a connected to the electrical connection of the quenching chamber metallic connector 12. The deflection 4 is formed as a part of this connector 12. The exhaust volume 10 has a volume V ₃ . From the exhaust volume 10, at least one opening 13, which has a cross-section A ₃ , leads into a quenching chamber volume 14 filled with cold gas. The at least one opening 13 is arranged offset axially relative to the at least one opening 9. The extinguishing chamber volume 14 is, if the extinguishing chamber is provided for example for outdoor installation, outwardly sealed by a quenching chamber insulator 15 pressure-tight.

In general, the hollow contact 2 is moved together with the connector 12 when turning off the circuit breaker in the direction of arrow 3 to the left. The intermediate volume 7 and the exhaust volume 10 are arranged in the interior of the quenching chamber insulator 15 stationary. In the Fig. 1 For example, the switch-off position of the hollow contact 2 is shown. However, it is quite possible that the intermediate volume 7 with the hollow contact 2 and the connecting piece 12 forms a common assembly, so that when switching off the intermediate volume 7 with the hollow contact 2 is moved together by the stationary arranged exhaust volume 10. It is also possible that the exhaust volume 10 is combined with the intermediate volume 7, the hollow contact 2 and the connector 12 to a common assembly that moves when turned off as a whole by the quenching chamber volume 14 to the left.

In this first embodiment of the quenching chamber, the gas flow whose energy before the deflection 4, due to the length of the hollow contact 2, is slightly reduced, charged by the deflection in the radial direction and the swirling in the intermediate volume 7 again slightly energetic. In the Fig. 3 an arrow 19 indicates the gas flow and its impact on the wall 8 of the intermediate volume 7. Two small arrows 20 leading away from the point of impact indicate swirling of the gas flow. This impact and the subsequent swirling effect a particularly good heat transfer to the wall 8, whereby the volume of the swirling gas is advantageously reduced. Between the pressure in the end part of the hollow contact 2 and the pressure in the intermediate volume 7, a pressure difference in the range of about 0.4 to 1 bar usually builds up in short-circuit shutdown, the pressure in the intermediate volume 7 is the larger. After a comparatively short residence time in the intermediate volume 7, the still fairly hot gas flows through the at least one opening 9 into the exhaust volume 10.

This outflow takes place in the radial direction. The resulting gas jet impinges on the wall of the exhaust volume 10, which is embodied here as a metallic wall 11, and is deflected by the latter under intense vortex formation. In the Fig. 3 an arrow 21 indicates the gas flow and its impact on the wall 11 of the exhaust volume 10 at. Two small arrows 22 leading away from the point of impact indicate swirling of the gas jet. This vortex formation causes a particularly good heat transfer to the wall 11, whereby the volume of the swirling gas is advantageously reduced. The rather cooled gas now flows to the axially offset opening 13 in the wall 11. This flow is in a spiral around the longitudinal axis 1, wherein heat is further withdrawn from the gas. From this opening 13, the cooled gas then flows into the quenching chamber volume 14, it is then available for further switching operations.

$${\mathrm{V}}_2/{\mathrm{A}}_2=\left(\mathrm{0},\mathrm{1}\mathrm{bis}\mathrm{0},\mathrm{5}\right)\mathrm{m}$$

$${\mathrm{V}}_3/{\mathrm{A}}_3=\left(\mathrm{1},\mathrm{0}\mathrm{bis}\mathrm{2},\mathrm{5}\right)\mathrm{m}\mathrm{.}$$

Dabei werden beispielsweise die Volumina V_1,2,3 in Kubikmetern gemessen und die Querschnitte A_1,2,3 in Quadratmetern.According to the invention, a particularly good cooling of the flowing hot gas is achieved if the following conditions are observed in this first embodiment of the circuit breaker: $${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="V"\; filenames="imgf0005.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">V</figure-callout>}}_{\mathrm{1}}/{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{1}}=\left(\mathrm{0}.\mathrm{1}\mathrm{to}\mathrm{0}.\mathrm{5}\right)\mathrm{m}$$

$${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="V"\; filenames="imgf0001.png,imgf0002.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">V</figure-callout>}}_2/{\mathrm{A}}_2=\left(\mathrm{0}.\mathrm{1}\mathrm{to}\mathrm{0}.\mathrm{5}\right)\mathrm{m}$$

$${\mathrm{V}}_3/{\mathrm{A}}_3=\left(\mathrm{1}.\mathrm{0}\mathrm{to}\mathrm{2}.\mathrm{5}\right)\mathrm{m}\mathrm{,}$$

In this case, for example, the volumes V _{1,2,3 are} measured in cubic meters and the cross sections A _1,2,3 in square meters.

• Das Volumen V₁ innerhalb des Hohlkontaktes 2 wurde mit 0,33 Litern und der Querschnitt A₁ der ersten Öffnung mit 1850 Quadratmillimetern ausgeführt. Das Volumen V₂ des Zwischenvolumens 7 wurde mit 0,7 Litern und der Querschnitt A₂ der dritten Öffnung 9 mit 3800 Quadratmillimetern ausgeführt. Das Volumen V₃ des Auspuffvolumens 10 wurde mit 8 Litern und der Querschnitt A₃ der zweiten Öffnung 13 mit 4000 Quadratmillimetern ausgeführt.

A particularly good increase in performance of a first embodiment of a circuit breaker has been achieved with the following configuration of the exhaust area:

• The volume V ₁ inside the hollow contact 2 was made with 0.33 liters and the cross section A _{1 of} the first opening 1850 square millimeters. The volume V _{2 of} the intermediate volume 7 was carried out with 0.7 liters and the cross section A _{2 of} the third opening 9 3800 square millimeters. The volume V _{3 of} the exhaust volume 10 was carried out with 8 liters and the cross section A _{3 of} the second opening 13 with 4000 square millimeters.

The FIG. 2 shows a highly simplified and schematically illustrated partial section through the exhaust area of a quenching chamber of a second embodiment of a circuit breaker. This second embodiment of the quenching chamber is also constructed as a rule rotationally symmetrical and corresponds to the first embodiment substantially. Here, however, a second additional volume 16 is provided which has a volume V ₄ . The additional volume 16 is limited by a wall 17, it surrounds the intermediate volume 7 concentrically. The opening 9 in the wall 8 of the intermediate volume 7 opens into this additional volume 16. The wall 17 is preferably made of metal, such as steel or copper, but it can also consist of a good heat-conducting plastic, as described earlier , The wall 17 has at least one opening 18, which allows the passage of the turbulent gases in the radial direction in the concentrically arranged exhaust volume 10. The at least one opening 18 in the wall 17 has a cross section A ₄ . This opening 18 can also be provided with a diaphragm-like cover, as in connection with the opening. 9 has been described. In general, the openings 9 and 18, as from the Fig. 2 and 4 seen axially offset from one another, so that the swirled, flowing in the radial direction gases, not directly through the openings 18 can flow into the exhaust volume 10. However, it is also conceivable that the openings 9 and 18 overlap at least partially.

The additional volume 16 is in the Fig. 2 drawn only in the upper half of the drawing. It may, as in Fig. 2 shown extend only to a portion of the circumference of the intermediate volume 7, or, as in Fig. 4 represented, the entire intermediate volume 7 concentrically enclose.

In general, in this embodiment, the hollow contact 2 is moved together with the connector 12 when turning off the circuit breaker in the direction of arrow 3 to the left. The intermediate volume 7, additional volume 16 and the exhaust volume 10 are arranged in the interior of the quenching chamber insulator 15 stationary. In the Fig. 2 For example, the switch-off position of the hollow contact 2 is shown. However, it is quite possible that the intermediate volume 7 and the additional volume 16 with the hollow contact 2 and the connecting piece 12 form a common assembly, so that when switching off the intermediate volume 7 and the additional volume 16 with the hollow contact 2 is moved together by the stationarily arranged exhaust volume 10 , It is also possible that the exhaust volume 10 is combined with the intermediate volume 7 and the additional volume 16, the hollow contact 2 and the connector 12 to a common assembly that moves to the left as a whole by the quenching chamber volume 14 when turned off.

In the Fig. 4 an arrow 23 indicates the gas flow from the intermediate volume 7 and its impact on the wall 17 of the additional volume 16 at. Two small arrows 24 leading away from the point of impact indicate the swirling of the gas jet. This intense vortex formation causes a particularly good heat transfer to the wall 17, whereby the volume of the swirling gas is advantageously reduced. From the additional volume 16, the fluidized gas then flows through the openings 18 in the exhaust volume 10, as the arrow 21 indicates. Here then again an impact of the gas jet connected with an intensive turbulence, as already described. In this second embodiment of the circuit breaker, the hot gas is cooled particularly well, since a further impact of the gas on the additional wall 17 and, associated therewith, an even better cooling effect than in the first embodiment variant is provided.

The mode of operation of the second embodiment corresponds essentially to that of the first embodiment, but in this case the gas jet flowing out of the intermediate volume 7 in the radial direction impinges on the wall 17 of the additional volume 16 and is deflected by the latter under intense vortex formation. This vortex formation causes a particularly good heat transfer to the wall 17, whereby the volume of the swirling gas is again advantageously reduced. After a comparatively short residence time in the additional volume 16, the gas flows through the at least one opening 18 into the exhaust volume 10. This outflow takes place in the radial direction. The resulting gas jet impinges on the wall 11 of the exhaust volume 10 and is deflected by this under an intense vortex formation. This vortex formation causes, as already described, a particularly good heat transfer to the wall 11, whereby the volume of the swirling gas is again advantageously reduced. The cooled gas now flows to the axially offset opening 13 in the wall 11. This flow is within the exhaust volume 10 spirally around the longitudinal axis 1, wherein the gas is further withdrawn heat. From this opening 13, the cooled gas flows into the quenching chamber volume 14, it is then available for further switching operations.

$${\mathrm{V}}_2/{\mathrm{A}}_2=\left(\mathrm{0},\mathrm{1}\mathrm{bis}\mathrm{0},\mathrm{5}\right)\mathrm{m}$$

$${\mathrm{V}}_3/{\mathrm{A}}_3=\left(\mathrm{1},\mathrm{0}\mathrm{bis}\mathrm{2},\mathrm{5}\right)\mathrm{m},$$

und $${\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{3}}/{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{3}}\ge {\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{4}}/{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{4}}\ge {\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{2}}/{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{2}}\mathrm{.}$$

Dabei werden beispielsweise die Volumina V_1,2,3,4 in Kubikmetern gemessen und die Querschnitte A_1,2,3,4 in Quadratmetern.A particularly good cooling of the flowing hot gas is achieved if the following conditions are met in this second embodiment: $${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="V"\; filenames="imgf0005.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">V</figure-callout>}}_{\mathrm{1}}/{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{1}}=\left(\mathrm{0}.\mathrm{1}\mathrm{to}\mathrm{0}.\mathrm{5}\right)\mathrm{m}$$

$${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="V"\; filenames="imgf0001.png,imgf0002.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">V</figure-callout>}}_2/{\mathrm{A}}_2=\left(\mathrm{0}.\mathrm{1}\mathrm{to}\mathrm{0}.\mathrm{5}\right)\mathrm{m}$$

$${\mathrm{V}}_3/{\mathrm{A}}_3=\left(\mathrm{1}.\mathrm{0}\mathrm{to}\mathrm{2}.\mathrm{5}\right)\mathrm{m}.$$

and $${\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{3}}/{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{3}}\ge {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="V"\; filenames="imgf0002.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">V</figure-callout>}}_{\mathrm{4}}/{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{4}}\ge {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="V"\; filenames="imgf0001.png,imgf0002.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">V</figure-callout>}}_{\mathrm{2}}/{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="A"\; filenames="imgf0001.png,imgf0002.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">A</figure-callout>}}_{\mathrm{2}}\mathrm{,}$$

In this case, for example, the volumes V _{1,2,3,4 are} measured in cubic meters and the cross sections A _1,2,3,4 in square meters.

The Fig. 5 shows a highly simplified and schematically illustrated partial section through the exhaust area of a quenching chamber of a third embodiment of a circuit breaker. This third embodiment of the quenching chamber is also constructed rotationally symmetrical to the longitudinal axis 1 and corresponds to the first embodiment substantially. The dotted line 25 indicates the outer contour of the hollow contact 2, wherein the openings between the interior of the hollow contact 2 and the intermediate volume 7 are not shown. This third embodiment differs from the first embodiment by the formation of the opening 9. It is provided here, for example, the openings 9 by means of a perforated plate-like design Aperture provided with a plurality of apertures 9a, 9b, etc. is provided to close, so as to achieve a plurality of radially directed gas jets. These gas jets then impinge on the wall 11 and swirl at a plurality of impact points, so that there takes place a particularly intensive cooling of the hot gas and, associated therewith, a particularly effective volume reduction of the gas.

The cross section A _{2 of} the opening 9 of the first embodiment is here on a plurality of circular holes 9 a, 9 b, etc. distributed. Of course, other embodiments of the openings of the perforated plate-like aperture are conceivable. The holes 9a, 9b, etc. Show here, like that FIGS. 5 and 6 can be seen, a uniform diameter D on. However, it is also possible different diameters D for the individual holes 9a, 9b, etc. provided. The holes 9a, 9b, etc. have here in the axial direction, for example, a center distance S on. However, it is also possible to provide different center distances S. The holes 9a, 9b, etc. are generally cylindrical and have cylindrical side walls 26. Between the outside of the wall 8 of the intermediate volume 7 and the inside of the opposite wall 11 of the exhaust volume 10, a distance H is provided. Decisive for the efficiency of the cooling of the through the holes 9a, 9b, etc. flowing hot gas is the ratio H / D. In such circuit breakers, a value of H / D in the range of 5 to about 1.5 is normally desired. A value of H / D = 2 has proven to be particularly favorable.

Der Mittenabstand zwischen den Bohrungen 9a,9b,usw. und einer weiteren, am Umfang verschobenen Reihe Bohrungen wird so bestimmt, dass sich die Aufprallpunkte derdurch die Bohrungen strömenden Gasstrahlen auf der jeweils gegenüberliegenden Wand im für die betreffende Anordnung optimalen Abstand S befinden. Wenn dieser Abstand S nicht unterschritten wird, so ist sichergestellt, dass sich die um die Aufprallpunkte sich ausbildenden Verwirbelungen nicht gegenseitig negativ beeinflussen, sodass auf alle Fälle eine wirksame Abkühlung der Gase gewährleistet ist.For the dimensioning of the axial center distance S between the holes 9a, 9b, etc. with the uniform diameter D, the following relationship has been found to be particularly favorable: $$\mathrm{S}=\mathrm{1}.\mathrm{4}\cdot \mathrm{H}\mathrm{,}$$

The center distance between the holes 9a, 9b, etc. and another circumferentially displaced row of holes is determined so that the points of impact of the gas jets flowing through the holes on the respective opposite wall are in the optimal distance S for the particular arrangement. If this distance S is not undershot, it is ensured that the turbulences around the impact points do not influence each other negatively, so that in all cases an effective cooling of the gases is ensured.

If the breaking capacity of the circuit breaker is to be further increased, the bores 9a, 9b, etc. in terms of shape, size, arrangement and number optimally designed and matched to the respective operating requirements. A particularly good cooling performance is achieved when, as in the Fig. 5 shown at the bore 9c, the side wall 27 is made chamfered, wherein the bore 9c widens in the flow direction of the hot gases. A bevel at 45 ° tilt with respect to the central axis of each hole has been found to be particularly effective.

This type of construction according to the described third embodiment can also be used for the modification of the second embodiment of the circuit breaker, namely in this case both the wall 8 and the wall 17 together with their structural environment can be configured accordingly with bores. But it is also possible to design only one of the two walls 8 or 17 accordingly.

The embodiments described so far are basically rotationally symmetrical. However, if the available space conditions require, it is readily possible to deviate from the rotationally symmetrical design and, for example, in the first embodiment, the intermediate volume 7 be formed as a separate assembly, which is arranged wholly or partially deviating from the rotational symmetry. In the second embodiment of the circuit breaker, for example, the additional volume 16 as a separate, completely or partially outside the rotational symmetry module are formed. In this second embodiment, however, it is also possible for both the intermediate volume 7 and the additional volume 16 to be designed as separate assemblies which deviate from the rotational symmetry. However, care must be taken in all these variants that the relationships described above between the individual volumes V _1,2,3,4 and the cross sections A _{1,2,3,4 of} the openings 6,9 and 18 between the corresponding volumes be respected.

The cross sections of the openings 6,9 and 18 between the corresponding volumes can be designed in a very different way. Here are given only a few embodiments. Likewise, the arrangement of these openings to a variety of variants. If, for example, the extinguishing chamber is operated lying, these openings can be arranged predominantly in the upper part of the exhaust area, in order to ensure that fixed switching residues settle in the lower part of the respective volume, where they are harmless.

The embodiments of the circuit breaker described so far each have only one power contact piece per extinguishing chamber, which is designed as a tubular hollow contact 2. If a further increase in power of the circuit breaker can be achieved, the geometrical design of the exhaustion region of the first hollow contact 2 opposite second power contact piece is designed similar to the already described embodiments, so that on the way of the on the side of the second power contact piece from the arc chamber in the direction Exhaust volume 10 discharged hot gases one similarly effective radial deflection and at least one intermediate volume according to the invention can be arranged. If the geometrical conditions given above are also taken into account on this page, a similarly effective cooling of the hot gases and, associated therewith, a further advantageous reduction of the gas volume are obtained. A circuit breaker whose extinguishing chamber or extinguishing chambers are provided on both sides with this improved guidance and cooling of the hot gases, has a much higher cut-off power than a conventional circuit breaker with the same dimensions.

In conventional circuit breakers, which are already in use in switchgear, it is possible for revisions, if the geometrical structure allows this with reasonable effort to retrofit an additional intermediate volume in the exhaust area in the outflow of hot gases in the exhaust volume. In this way, an increase in the breaking capacity can be achieved with comparatively little effort. The increased power switching capacity of the so modified circuit breaker allows to increase the transmission power of an existing high voltage network with advantageously little effort, since the investment for new circuit breaker omitted. Since the vast majority of conventional extinguishing chambers is constructed radially symmetrical, such retrofitting, or such a subsequent retrofitting of a circuit breaker should be comparatively easy and advantageously feasible with reasonable cost.

NAME LIST

1

longitudinal axis

2

hollow Contact

3

arrow

4

redirection

5

arrow

6

openings

7

intermediate volume

8th

wall

9

opening

9a, 9b, etc.

drilling

10

exhaust volume

11

wall

12

connector

13

opening

14

Arcing chamber volume

15

Extinguishing chamber insulator

16

additional volume

17

wall

18

opening

19-24

arrows

25

dotted line

26.27

Side wall

V _1,2,3,4

volumes

A _1,2,3,4

cross sections

H

distance

S

center distance

D

diameter

Claims (30)

1. Method for cooling hot gases (3, 5) in a circuit breaker, which has at least one quenching chamber, which is filled with an insulating gas, extends along a longitudinal axis (1), contains an arc area and has at least two power contact pieces, with at least one of the power contact pieces being in the form of a movable or stationary tubular hollow contact (2), which is provided for dissipating hot gases (3, 5) from the arc area into an exhaust volume (10), which is enclosed by a wall (11) delimiting the exhaust volume (10) and is connected to a quenching chamber volume (14) by at least one second opening (13), with at least one intermediate volume (7, 16) being provided between the hollow contact (2) and the exhaust volume (10), which intermediate volume is enclosed by a wall (8, 17) and is connected to the exhaust volume (10) by at least one radially aligned opening (9, 18), wherein

   a) the circuit breaker is provided with a deflection (4), which is arranged on that side of the hollow contact (2) which is remote from the arc area and interacts with at least one first opening (6) of the hollow contact (2), for the radial deflection of the hot gases (3, 5) into the exhaust volume (10),

   b) as a result of the outflow in the radial direction, the thus produced gas jet (19, 21, 23) hits the wall (8, 17) of the intermediate volume (7, 16) and is deflected thereby with intensive swirling, and

   c) as a result of the swirling, particularly good heat transfer to the wall (8, 17) of the intermediate volume (7, 16) is brought about, and the volume of the swirling gas (20, 22, 24) is reduced, characterized in that the following ratios are complied with: $${\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{1}}/{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{1}}=\left(\mathrm{0.1}\mathrm{to}\mathrm{0.5}\right)\mathrm{m},$$

   

   $${\mathrm{V}}_2/{\mathrm{A}}_2=\left(\mathrm{0},\mathrm{1}\mathrm{to}\mathrm{0},\mathrm{5}\right)\mathrm{m},$$

   

   $${\mathrm{V}}_3/{\mathrm{A}}_3=\left(\mathrm{1.0}\mathrm{to}\mathrm{2.5}\right)\mathrm{m},$$

   

   where V₁ is the volume within the hollow contact (2) and A₁ is the cross section of the first opening (6) of the hollow contact (2), V₂ is the volume of the intermediate volume (7) and A₂ is the cross section of a or the third opening (9), which connects the intermediate volume (7) to the exhaust volume (10), and V₃ is the volume of the exhaust volume (10) and A₃ is the cross section of the second opening (13).
2. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that

   a) the at least one first opening (6) and at least one third, radial opening (9) in the wall (8) of the intermediate volume (7) are arranged offset with respect to one another, so that the swirled gases (19, 21, 23) flowing in the radial direction cannot flow directly through the third openings (9) further into the exhaust volume (10), and

   b) in particular in that at least one third, radial opening (9) is arranged so as to be entirely or partially congruent with one of the first openings (6), so that a direct partial or complete throughflow from the first opening (6) into the exhaust volume (10) is ensured.
3. Method according to one of Claims 1-2, characterized in that

   a) a pressure difference is built up between the pressure in the end part of the hollow contact (2) and the pressure in the intermediate volume (7), with the pressure in the intermediate volume (7) being the greater pressure, and

   b) a pressure difference in the range of from 0.4 to 1 bar is built up between the pressure in the end part of the hollow contact (2) and the pressure in the intermediate volume (7) for short-circuit disconnections.
4. Method according to one of Claims 1 - 3, characterized in that

   a) the wall (8, 17) of the intermediate volume (7) or an additional volume (16) is made from a thermally conductive material, in particular from metal, or from a plastic, which, in addition to good heat conduction properties, has the property of evaporating slightly on the impact of the hot gases, as a result of which thermal energy is drawn from the gases, and

   b) in particular in that dissociating and/or electronegative gases are contained in the evaporated plastic.
5. Method according to one of Claims 1 - 4, characterized in that

   a) the gas flow (23) flows out of the intermediate volume (7) in the radial direction into a second intermediate volume, referred to as the additional volume (16), hits the wall (17) of the additional volume (16) and is deflected thereby with intensive swirling,

   b) as a result of the gas jet (24) swirled at the point of impact, particularly good heat transfer to the wall (17) of the additional volume (16) being brought about, and the volume of the swirling gas (24) being reduced, and

   c) after a residence time in the additional volume (16), the gas flowing through at least one fourth, radially aligned opening (18) in the wall (17) of the additional volume (16) into the exhaust volume (10),

   d) this outflow taking place in the radial direction and the thus produced gas jet (21) hitting the wall (11) of the exhaust volume (10), being deflected thereby with intensive swirling and, as a result of the gas jet (22) swirled at the point of impact, particularly good heat transfer to the wall (11) of the exhaust volume (10) being brought about and the volume of the swirling gas (22) being reduced.
6. Method according to Claim 5, characterized in that

   a) the at least one fourth opening (18) in the wall (17) of the additional volume (7) is offset with respect to the at least one third opening (9) in the wall (8) of the intermediate volume (7) at the circumference and/or in the axial direction in such a way that a radially directed, linear throughflow of the hot gases (19, 21, 23) through the additional volume (16) is not possible, or

   b) the at least one fourth opening (18) in the wall (17) of the additional volume (7) is arranged with respect to the at least one third opening (9) in the wall (8) of the intermediate volume (7) in such a way that, at least for a proportion of the hot gases (19, 21, 23), a radially directed, linear throughflow through the additional volume (16) is possible.
7. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, on the emergence from an intermediate volume (7, 16) at the at least one opening (9, 18) to the exhaust volume (10) or to a second intermediate volume, referred to as the additional volume (16), by means of a shutter in the form of a perforated plate which is provided with a large number of holes (9a, 9b, 9c), a large number of radially directed gas jets are produced which impact the wall (11, 17) of the exhaust volume (10) or the additional volume (16) and swirl at a large number of points of impact, so that particularly intensive cooling of the hot gas takes place there and, associated therewith, a particularly effective reduction in the volume of the gas takes place.
8. Method according to Claim 7, characterized in that an axial distance between the centres of the holes (9a, 9b, 9c) and a further row of holes displaced at the circumference is determined in such a way that the points of impact of the gas jets flowing through the holes on the respectively opposite wall have a distance S on all sides, which, if this distance S is not undershot, ensures that the swirls which are formed around the points of impact do not negatively influence one another and effective cooling of the gases is ensured.
9. Method according to Claim 7, characterized in that a vertical distance H between the outside of the wall (8, 17) of the intermediate volume (7) or additional volume (16) and the inside of the wall (11) opposite thereto of the exhaust volume (10) is provided, the holes (9a, 9b, 9c) each have a diameter D, and a ratio of H/D in the range of from 5 to 1.5, in particular H/D = 2, is selected.
10. Method according to Claim 7, characterized in that an axial distance S between the centres of the holes (9a, 9b, 9c) with a uniform diameter D satisfies the condition S = 1.4*H, where H is a vertical distance between the outside of the wall (8, 17) of the intermediate volume (7) or additional volume (16) and the inside of the wall (11) opposite thereto of the exhaust volume (10).
11. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cooled gas flows to a second, radially aligned, axially offset opening (13) in the wall (11) of the exhaust volume (10), and this flow runs spirally around a longitudinal axis 1 of the quenching chamber, further heat being drawn from the gas.
12. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the exhaust region of the second power contact piece, which is opposite the first hollow contact (2), is designed in such a way that a radial deflection and at least one intermediate volume are provided on the path of the hot gases, which are dissipated on the side of the second power contact piece from the arc area in the direction of the exhaust volume (10), so that the circuit breaker has improved guidance and cooling of the hot gases on both sides and increased disconnection power given the same dimensions.
13. Circuit breaker, which has at least one quenching chamber, which is filled with an insulating gas, extends along a longitudinal axis (1), contains an arc area and has at least two power contact pieces, with at least one of the power contact pieces being in the form of a movable or stationary tubular hollow contact (2), which is provided for dissipating hot gases (3, 5) from the arc area into an exhaust volume (10), which is enclosed by a wall (11) delimiting the exhaust volume (10) and is connected to a quenching chamber volume (14) by at least one second opening (13), with at least one intermediate volume (7, 16) being provided between the hollow contact (2) and the exhaust volume (10), which intermediate volume is enclosed by a wall (8, 17) and is connected to the exhaust volume (10) by at least one radially aligned opening (9, 18), wherein

    a) the circuit breaker is provided with a deflection (4), which is arranged on that side of the hollow contact (2) which is remote from the arc area and interacts with at least one first opening (6) of the hollow contact (2), for the radial deflection of the hot gases (3, 5) into the exhaust volume (10),

    b) the wall (8, 17) of the intermediate volume (7, 16) has a point of impact for swirling the gas flow (19, 21, 23) flowing in the radial direction, and

    c) as a result of the swirling, particularly good heat transfer to the wall (8, 17) of the intermediate volume (7, 16) is brought about, and, as a result, the volume of the swirling gas (20, 22, 24) is reduced, characterized in that the following ratios apply: $${\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{1}}/{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{1}}=\left(\mathrm{0.1}\mathrm{to}\mathrm{0.5}\right)\mathrm{m},$$

    

    $${\mathrm{V}}_2/{\mathrm{A}}_2=\left(\mathrm{0.1}\mathrm{to}\mathrm{0.5}\right)\mathrm{m},$$

    

    $${\mathrm{V}}_3/{\mathrm{A}}_3=\left(\mathrm{1.0}\mathrm{to}\mathrm{2.5}\right)\mathrm{m},$$

    

    where V₁ is the volume within the hollow contact (2) and A₁ is the cross section of the first opening (6) of the hollow contact (2), V₂ is the volume of the intermediate volume (7) and A₂ is the cross section of a third, radially aligned opening (9), which connects the intermediate volume (7) to the exhaust volume (10), and V₃ is the volume of the exhaust volume (10) and A₃ is the cross section of the second opening (13), and in particular in that V₁ = 0.33 litres, A₁ = 1850 square millimetres, V₂ = 0.7 litres, A₂ = 3800 square millimetres, V₃ = 8 litres and A₃ = 4000 square millimetres.
14. Circuit breaker according to Claim 13, characterized in that

    a) the at least one first opening (6) and at least one third, radial opening (9) in the wall (8) of the intermediate volume (7) are arranged offset with respect to one another, so that the swirled gases (19, 21, 23) flowing in the radial direction cannot flow directly through the third openings (9) further into the exhaust volume (10), and

    b) in particular in that at least one third, radial opening (9) is arranged so as to be entirely or partially congruent with one of the first openings (6), so that a direct partial or complete throughflow from the first opening (6) into the exhaust volume (10) is ensured.
15. Circuit breaker according to one of Claims 13 - 14, characterized in that

    a) a pressure difference is built up between the pressure in the end part of the hollow contact (2) and the pressure in the intermediate volume (7), with the pressure in the intermediate volume (7) being the greater pressure, and

    b) a pressure difference in the range of from 0.4 to 1 bar is built up between the pressure in the end part of the hollow contact (2) and the pressure in the intermediate volume (7) for short-circuit disconnections.
16. Circuit breaker according to one of Claims 13 - 15, characterized in that, as a result of the deflection in the radial direction and the swirling in the first intermediate volume (7), the gas flow is energetically charged.
17. Circuit breaker according to Claim 16, characterized in that

    a) the deflection (4) is conical, and/or

    b) the deflection (4) is connected to a connection piece (12) of the quenching chamber.
18. Circuit breaker according to one of Claims 13 - 17, characterized in that

    a) the second opening (13) in the wall (11) of the exhaust volume (10) is radially aligned and axially offset with respect to at least one radial opening (9, 18) into the exhaust volume (10), and

    b) the flow of the cooled gas towards the second opening (13) within the exhaust volume (10) runs spirally around a longitudinal axis (1) of the quenching chamber, further heat being drawn from the gas.
19. Circuit breaker according to one of Claims 13 - 18, characterized in that

    a) at least one second intermediate volume, referred to as the additional volume (16), is provided between the first intermediate volume (7) and the exhaust volume (10), which additional volume (16) is delimited by the wall (8) of the intermediate volume (7) with respect to the intermediate volume (7) and by a wall (17) of the additional volume (16) with respect to the exhaust volume (10), with the wall (17) of the additional volume (16) having a fourth opening (18), which connects the additional volume (16) to the exhaust volume (10), and

    b) the wall (17) of the additional volume (16) has a point of impact for swirling of the gas flow (23), as a result of the swirling particularly good heat transfer to the wall (17) of the additional volume (16) is brought about and, as a result, the volume of the swirling gas (24) is reduced.
20. Circuit breaker according to Claim 19, characterized in that

    a) the at least one fourth opening (18) in the wall (17) of the additional volume (7) is offset with respect to the at least one third opening (9) in the wall (8) of the intermediate volume (7) at the circumference and/or in the axial direction in such a way that a radially directed, linear throughflow of the hot gases (19, 21, 23) through the additional volume (16) is not possible, or

    b) the at least one fourth opening (18) in the wall (17) of the additional volume (7) is arranged with respect to the at least one third opening (9) in the wall (8) of the intermediate volume (7) in such a way that, at least for a proportion of the hot gases (19, 21, 23), a radially directed, linear throughflow through the additional volume (16) is possible.
21. Circuit breaker according to Claim 19, characterized in that the following ratios apply: $${\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{1}}/{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{1}}=\left(\mathrm{0.1}\mathrm{to}\mathrm{0.5}\right)\mathrm{m},$$

    

    $${\mathrm{V}}_2/{\mathrm{A}}_2=\left(\mathrm{0.1}\mathrm{to}\mathrm{0.5}\right)\mathrm{m},$$

    

    $${\mathrm{V}}_3/{\mathrm{A}}_3=\left(\mathrm{1.0}\mathrm{to}\mathrm{2.5}\right)\mathrm{m},$$

    

    $${\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{3}}/{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{3}}\ge {\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{4}}/{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{4}}\ge {\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{2}}/{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{2}},$$

    

    where V₁ is the volume within the hollow contact (2) and A₁ is the cross section of the first opening (6) of the hollow contact (2), V₂ is the volume of the intermediate volume (7) and A₂ is the cross section of a third opening (9), which connects the intermediate volume (7) to the exhaust volume (10), and V₃ is the volume of the exhaust volume (10) and A₃ is the cross section of the second opening (13), and V₄ is the volume of the additional volume (16) and A₄ is the cross section of the fourth opening (18) in the wall (17) of the additional volume (16).
22. Circuit breaker according to one of Claims 13 - 21, characterized in that

    a) the openings (9, 18) to the exhaust volume (10) or to the additional volume (16) are closed by means of a perforated-plate-like shutter,

    b) the shutter is provided with a large number of holes (9a, 9b, 9c) for producing a large number of radially directed gas jets, and

    c) the wall (11, 17) of the exhaust volume (10) or the additional volume (16) has a large number of points of impact, so that particularly intensive cooling of the hot gas takes place there and, associated therewith, a particularly effective reduction in volume of the gas takes place.
23. Circuit breaker according to Claim 22, characterized in that an axial distance between the centres of the holes (9a, 9b, 9c) and a further row of holes displaced at the circumference is determined in such a way that the points of impact of the gas jets flowing through the holes on the respectively opposite wall have a distance S on all sides, which, if this distance S is not undershot, ensures that the swirls which are formed around the points of impact do not negatively influence one another and effective cooling of the gases is ensured.
24. Circuit breaker according to Claim 22, characterized in that a vertical distance H between the outside of the wall (8, 17) of the intermediate volume (7) or additional volume (16) and the inside of the wall (11) opposite thereto of the exhaust volume (10) is provided, the holes (9a, 9b, 9c) each have a diameter D, and a ratio of H/D in the range of from 5 to 1.5, in particular H/D = 2, is selected.
25. Circuit breaker according to Claim 22, characterized in that an axial distance S between the centres of the holes (9a, 9b, 9c) with a uniform diameter D satisfies the condition S = 1.4*H, where H is a vertical distance between the outside of the wall (8, 17) of the intermediate volume (7) or additional volume (17) and the inside of the wall (11) opposite thereto of the exhaust volume (10).
26. Circuit breaker according to one of Claims 13 - 25, characterized in that the intermediate volume (7) is arranged concentrically with respect to the hollow contact (2), and/or the intermediate volume (7) is arranged concentrically with respect to a deflection (4), and/or the additional volume (16) concentrically surrounds the intermediate volume (7) or extends only around part of the circumference of the intermediate volume (7), and/or the exhaust volume (10) is arranged concentrically.
27. Circuit breaker according to one of Claims 13 - 26, characterized in that

    a) the at least one intermediate volume (7) is arranged fixedly in the exhaust volume (10) and the latter is arranged in stationary fashion in the interior of a quenching chamber insulator (15), which delimits the quenching chamber volume (14), with the hollow contact (2) together with a connection piece (12) being capable of moving relative to them, or

    b) the at least one intermediate volume (7) is fixedly connected to the hollow contact (2) and to the connection piece (12), and, together with the latter, is capable of moving through the exhaust volume (10), which is arranged in stationary fashion, relative thereto, or

    c) the at least one intermediate volume (7) is fixedly connected to the hollow contact (2) and to a connection piece (12) and the exhaust volume (10), and, together therewith, is capable of moving through the quenching chamber volume (14) relative thereto.
28. Circuit breaker according to one of Claims 13 - 27, characterized in that the exhaust region of the second power contact piece, which is opposite the first hollow contact (2), is designed in such a way that a radial deflection and at least one intermediate volume are provided on the path of the hot gases, which are dissipated on the side of the second power contact piece from the arc area in the direction of the exhaust volume (10), so that the circuit breaker has improved guidance and cooling of the hot gases on both sides and increased disconnection power given the same dimensions.
29. Circuit breaker according to one of Claims 13 - 28, characterized in that

    a) the wall (8, 17) of the intermediate volume (7) or an additional volume (16) is made from a thermally conductive material, in particular from metal, or from a plastic, which, in addition to good heat conduction properties, has the property of evaporating slightly on the impact of the hot gases, as a result of which thermal energy is drawn from the gases, and

    b) in particular in that dissociating and/or electronegative gases are contained in the evaporated plastic.
30. Circuit breaker according to one of Claims 13 - 29, characterized in that

    a) the circuit breaker is in the form of an outdoor breaker, part of a metal-encapsulated, gas-insulated switchgear assembly or in the form of a dead tank breaker, and/or

    b) the quenching chamber of the circuit breaker is a self-blowing chamber, a self-blowing chamber with at least one additional compression piston arrangement or a compression piston breaker, and/or

    c) the at least one intermediate volume (7, 16) is designed in such a way that it can be subsequently installed in circuit breakers which are already in operation.

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