Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
  • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
  • B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
  • B28B11/04—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for coating or applying engobing layers
  • B28B11/042—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for coating or applying engobing layers with insulating material
  • B28B11/043—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for coating or applying engobing layers with insulating material filling cavities or chambers of hollow blocks
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
  • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
  • E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
  • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
  • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
  • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
  • E04F13/14—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements stone or stone-like materials, e.g. ceramics concrete; of glass or with an outer layer of stone or stone-like materials or glass
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
  • E04B1/92—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
  • E04B2001/925—Protection against harmful electro-magnetic or radio-active radiations, e.g. X-rays
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
  • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
  • E04B2002/0256—Special features of building elements
  • E04B2002/0286—Building elements with coatings

Definitions

• the invention relates to a building material for the construction or cladding of building components, in particular of exterior walls of houses, with a protective against electrosmog and / or thermal insulation equipment, the equipment of at least one adhering to the brick layer with at least one component of an electrically conductive and / or infrared radiation-reflecting material, wherein the building material in the form of an artificial brick, in particular a light-perforated brick, is formed with internal cavities, the cavities at least partially containing the electrically conductive and / or infrared radiation-reflecting material Layer are provided.
• the preferred thermal insulation measures are to combine the building materials with an insulating material, which as a rule, as many cavities are provided in a building material, so that the trapped air can act as an insulating material.
• an insulating material which as a rule, as many cavities are provided in a building material.
• By increasing the "hole proportion" of a building material ie by increasing the proportion of cavities in the volume or cross section of the building material, inevitably decreases the essential for the sound insulation properties mass of the building material. This results in the urgent need for a measure that allows significantly improve the thermal insulation properties of a building material, without this measure having an effect on the sound insulation properties.
• electrosmog is the umbrella term for environmental pollution caused by artificial electromagnetic fields.
• Electromagnetic waves are used in the living area to distinguish between internal and external sources of electromagnetic radiation, while electromagnetic radiation is generated by televisions, computers, cordless telephones, electrical wiring and microwave ovens. and subway), transmission towers of mobile communications, radars and radio and television towers and radio towers, despite the now known negative effects of artificial electromagnetic waves on the human organism continue to assume an increase in radiation exposure;
• An example of this is the structure of the UMTS network.
• a brick in the form of a perforated brick has been described in DE-A 44 23 716, the cavities are coated on their inner surfaces heat-reflecting to the radiation component of the heat transfer in prevent these dark cavities, wherein the layer contains aluminum or a similar heat-reflecting component and is vapor-deposited or sprayed.
• the layer according to the invention causes the heat energy radiating in the infrared spectrum to be reflected (possibly also only deflected or broken) and thus it can not penetrate the building material there or, to a lesser extent, penetrate it.
• the layer thickness is preferably only in the micrometer range, it does not adversely affect a building material provided therewith in terms of its structure. This means that the building material can be designed so that it has a good sound insulation property with acceptable thermal insulation - and the additional application of the IR radiation-reflecting layer allows this material to be converted into a heat-insulating building material with good sound insulation properties with extremely little effort ".
• the object of the present invention is to further improve the brick known from DE-A 44 23 716 with regard to its thermal insulation properties and, if appropriate, with regard to its ability to shield electrosmog.
• This object is achieved according to the invention in a brick of the type mentioned above in that the layer containing the electrically conductive and / or infrared radiation-reflecting material is at least virtually free of oxidation and that the electrically conductive and / or infrared radiation-reflecting material of the layer on the atmospheric oxygen is not closed Oxide layer forms.
• the invention avoids that the layer containing the electrically conductive and / or infrared radiation-reflecting material of a Oxide layer is covered, which would significantly affect their essential ability to reflect in the infrared spectrum radiating heat energy (or distract or break) significantly.
• the oxide layer would prevent the mutual contact of individual particles and thus the described formation of a conductive network, so that the protection against electrosmog would no longer be fully guaranteed.
• the layer according to the invention is designed so that it does not form a closed oxide layer on the atmospheric oxygen.
• the electrically conductive and / or infrared radiation-reflecting material as a whole (at least almost) corrosion-free, to which noble metals and especially platinum, gold, silver would be very suitable, or if a resulting oxide does not form a dense skin, so that despite oxidation, an electrical contact between adjacent particles is possible.
• the invention proposes particular, to use a metal-free coating with graphite (an electrically conductive modification of the carbon), mica or an organic binder (eg cellulose binder), since in this case the layer together with the material of the brick (1) are recycled can and therefore a correspondingly coated brick not disposed of as hazardous waste or previously the layer does not have to be removed from the brick in complex procedures.
• the ability to form an electrical contact with adjacent particles makes it possible to use the electrically conductive and / or infrared radiation-reflecting material in a pulverized state. As a result, it may be easily applied to the brick concerned, or the like, without regard to its geometry.
• the electrically conductive and / or infrared radiation-reflecting material may be bound in a binder, or it may be fixed by means of a od on the brick in question.
• Adhesive or binder adhering, or a binder-bound in particular foamed or blown - construction material can be provided with integrated infrared radiation reflecting material.
• a pure binder layer eg cellulose binder can be applied.
• Applied is / are one or more graphite layers, which is fixed by inorganic (eg water / water glass mixture) or organic binder on the building material / are. In the text below, this layer is called GBS (Graphite Binder Layer) for short.
• the GBS can be used to dampen electrical, magnetic and electromagnetic fields.
• the graphite layer is fixed by a water / water glass mixture on the surface of the building material.
• This mixture has a high abrasion resistance with simultaneous stability against weathering and aging.
• a high degree of temperature resistance (fire behavior) is given by this inorganic binder. Allergic reactions from humans to this binder are unknown and unlikely.
• the water / water glass mixture has disadvantages in terms of moisture to be removed after coating.
• This moisture increase of the building material can be circumvented by coating the building material in the dry coating process with the electrically conductive and / or infrared radiation-reflecting material.
• Particularly advantageous for the adhesion of the layer to the building material is when the layer is applied under pressure. This results in a directional and / or brightly polished layer, which once again has improved reflection properties. This can be achieved very easily with the use of said support material, which presses the coating material against the building material and thus rubs the coating material against it as it moves along the surface of the building material.
• a suitable carrier material for the electrically conductive and / or infrared radiation reflecting material should be pourable and / or may consist of sponges, polystyrene rolteilchen, sawdust, Haréenixieerteilchen, foam particles or the like.
• the known other methods such as vapor deposition, spraying, dipping, flooding, injection, PVD (physical vapor deposition) or CVD (chemical vapor deposition) methods are also suitable for applying the coating.
• a binder / binder can also use a glaze. Since glaze and shards are chemically related, both substances wet well and adhere to each other inseparably.
• Surfactants may be included in the binder and / or binder to optimize surface tension. This is intended that the particles contained in the binder of an electrically conductive and / or infrared radiation-reflecting material accumulate on the surface. Platelet-shaped particles align approximately parallel to the respective surface and touch one another, so that an electrically conductive network is formed there, which has an optimal shielding effect against electromagnetic fields and IR radiation.
• An alternative possibility, also within the scope of the invention, of creating a building material according to the invention consists of a building material with an insulation filling which may be poured, foamed or fibrous.
• the advantages of the invention are obtained in that the insulation filling contains an infrared radiation-reflecting material.
• different layers are applied to different surface regions of the building material with different constituents of electrically conductive and / or infrared radiation-reflecting materials.
• two or more layers may be applied one above the other, each having different constituents of electrically conductive and / or infrared radiation-reflecting materials.
• one layer may contain a graphite powder, while another may contain an aluminum powder.
• Such different materials are used to shield electromagnetic radiation of different wavelengths.
• the invention undergoes further optimization in that the surface of the layer (s) is polished with at least one constituent of an electrically conductive and / or infrared radiation-reflecting material.
• a uniform or smooth surface can be achieved, which reflects the electromagnetic waves (that is to say in particular also the IR radiation) like a mirror. In relation to a diffuse reflection, this significantly improves the shielding effect.
• Bricks with internal hollow chambers are provided in the hollow chambers with a GBS.
• the number of cavities provided with a GBS ranges from one to the total number of existing hollow chambers of the brick. In this case, the order of the GBS can be done both partially and over the entire processing of the hollow chamber.
• the entire number of hollow chambers is provided with a GBS in order to achieve the greatest possible shielding effect for electromagnetic (IR) radiation.
• IR electromagnetic
• the principle underlying the invention can also be realized in building materials consisting of binder-bound artificial stones, which are provided with infrared radiation-reflecting material and in particular with graphite.
• the graphite deposits in the area of the cavities or voids present in these stones - similar to the descriptions given above. Close hollow chambers - on the surface lying in the interior of the building material and thus forms the desired infrared radiation reflective coating.
• a masonry mortar or plaster with an embedded, infrared radiation-reflecting material and in particular with graphite in the context of the present invention, wherein also here the graphite on inner surfaces of cavities can form the desired coating.
• the building material may in principle have stone, brick, plate and / or foil-shaped or else spherical shape and may be used for the construction and / or lining of house walls, floor coverings and / or roofs become.
• the building material may in principle have stone, brick, plate and / or foil-shaped or else spherical shape and may be used for the construction and / or lining of house walls, floor coverings and / or roofs become.
• facing bricks and ceiling tiles and roof tiles or concrete tiles and / or bulk granules in question in addition to the previously described bricks, facing bricks and ceiling tiles and roof tiles or concrete tiles and / or bulk granules in question.
• Roof tiles, concrete tiles and bricks should preferably be provided with a GBS on one side only. If necessary, it should be the side facing away from the weather.
• the order of the GBS can take place both partially and over the entire area.
• Contact points in the non-visible area of a laid roof tile and / or a concrete roof tile, which are partially applied, for example in the Verfalzung, provide a connection between the individual roof elements.
• the contact points should for this purpose be electrically connected to the GBS of the relevant roof element. It is then sufficient for the connection of the individual roof elements the usual covering method. Contact points for the transmission of electrical lines are sufficiently available.
• the entire system can be grounded. Individual bricks, which are provided with a GBS, can be interconnected to better shield electromagnetic radiation. The entire system can be grounded.
• the present invention relates not only to the use of a provided with particular vertical and / or horizontal hollow chambers or spaces brick with protective against electrosmog and / or thermal insulation equipment, wherein the Equipment of at least one adhering to the building material layer with at least one component of an electrically conductive and / or infrared radiation reflecting material and are provided on the inner walls of the cavities; Rather, the inventive concept of thermal insulation and electrosmog shielding can be transferred by said layer on other building materials or apply to other materials, of which above and in the claims examples are listed, such as roof tiles, bulk granules, building material with insulation filling, plaster, etc .. ., And each not necessarily have cavities, but in which the coating is provided with similar effects in other air-exposed or air-adjacent areas, and in which such a coating has not yet been proposed.
• FIG. 1 shows a brick with an inventive equipment in plan view.
• Fig. 1 In the brick 1 of Fig. 1 is a cuboid perforated brick whose width, for example, twice as large as its length and height. In the construction of an outer wall such a stone is often installed so that only its narrow vertical surfaces 2 (length x height) parallel to the wall in question, while its width (in the direction of the longer sides 3) defines approximately the wall thickness.
• the brick 1 is completely penetrated between its upper side 4 and its underside by a large number of cavities 5 in the form of channels passing through the brick in the vertical direction. These cavities or holes 5 are in to the narrow sides 2 (length x height) parallel rows 6 are arranged. You have in the illustrated embodiment has a rectangular cross-section with these rows 6 parallel longitudinal side. Since the cavities 5 of a row 6 are also offset from the cavities of adjacent rows 6 by half a hole length, the remaining between the cavities 5 brick bridges 7 do not pass straight between the narrow sides 2, but extend approximately meandering.
• this brick 1 are usually the vertical side surfaces of the cavities 5 at least partially provided with the electrically conductive and / or infrared radiation reflective material containing layer 8, but it would be sufficient only longitudinal sides 8, which are usually parallel to a finished wall run to coat with an electrically conductive and / or infrared radiation reflective material.
• These layers 8 consist of pulverized graphite particles or platelets which are distributed in a binder, for example from water glass. They may be partially applied or produced by immersing the entire brick 1 in a corresponding bath. It is also possible to run or press through a corresponding liquid or corresponding dry mixtures of graphite and support materials through the cavities 5 of the brick 1, or simply spray or applied by means of one of the other, common surface coating method.
• the mutually contacting graphite plates form an electrically conductive network in the manner of a part of a Faraday cage. Due to the displacement of adjacent rows 6, an electromagnetic wave is attenuated when passing through the brick 1 from one narrow side 2 to the other to a barely measurable fraction of the original signal amplitude, electrosmog is therefore effectively prevented from passing through a wall built with bricks 1 as IR heat radiation ,
• the shield against electrosmog is very good when the coatings 8 of the individual cavities 5 by immersion of the top and / or bottom 4 of the brick 1 on the webs 7 away with each other.
• the outer sides 2-4 of the brick 1 may also be covered by the coating 8 according to the invention or free of it, which benefits subsequent application, for example of plaster, which would not hold well on the graphite layer.
• a brick not shown in the drawing is also a cuboid brick facing brick, for example. From clinker. Also, this stone can be interspersed with holes in the vertical direction.
• the advantage here is the water glass used as a binder, which has comparable properties with ceramic and thus can not flake off the stone, for example, in the case of severe thermal fluctuations.
• a roof tile of the type "beaver tail” with an elongated, approximately rectangular base with a straight upper edge and a slightly curved lower edge
• the upper side is flat, at the bottom is in the region of the upper edge in the middle of a roughly hook-shaped extension for hanging
• the entire underside is provided with a coating according to the invention with an electrically conductive substance, since adjacent roof tiles abut one another and roof tiles from adjacent rows overlap one another, a very good result already here by coating the underside Shielding.
• the coating may be drawn around the top edge to a contact surface on top.
• the coatings of the tiles of adjacent rows are conductively connected together. If the contact surface in each case in the horizontal or lateral direction are located approximately in the middle of the upper edge or the roof tile, thus horizontally adjacent bricks of the above tile row can be contacted each other so that thereby the entire roof as a whole single, electrically conductive surface acts and a very good shielding against electrosmog can be achieved.
• a similar effect is produced in another way not shown in the drawing tile.
• This is a roof tile or concrete roofing tile with a so-called arching.
• adjacent edges in each case have profilings that are complementary to one another, here in particular are provided with grooves, so that these roof elements overlap each other and thereby interlock.
• the backs are again completely provided with a coating according to the invention, moreover, this coating is in each case drawn into the region of the fold, in particular up to the adjacent surfaces in the grooves. In this case, the coating is pulled over at least one edge away, so that also takes place here an electrically conductive networking of adjacent roof elements.
• the present invention provides a brick and a method for its coating which further improves the advantages of the known bricks, namely in particular good thermal insulation and electrosmog shielding properties, and at the same time also the disadvantages of these known bricks, namely in particular lack of or extensive recyclability and deterioration of the advantages due to oxidation avoids.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Building Environments (AREA)
• Finishing Walls (AREA)

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• 2005
  • 2005-03-04 DE DE102005009860A patent/DE102005009860A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2005-06-01 DE DE502005010312T patent/DE502005010312D1/de active Active
  • 2005-06-01 PL PL05755653T patent/PL1767078T3/pl unknown
  • 2005-06-01 AT AT05755653T patent/ATE483354T1/de active
  • 2005-06-01 WO PCT/EP2005/005901 patent/WO2005120146A2/fr active Application Filing
  • 2005-06-01 EP EP05755653A patent/EP1767078B1/fr active Active

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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