Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
  • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
  • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
  • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
  • H01Q9/06—Details
  • H01Q9/065—Microstrip dipole antennas
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
  • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
  • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
  • H01Q9/28—Conical, cylindrical, cage, strip, gauze, or like elements having an extended radiating surface; Elements comprising two conical surfaces having collinear axes and adjacent apices and fed by two-conductor transmission lines

Definitions

• the present invention relates to antennas, and more particularly to antennas made up of a plurality of planar antennas.
• Antennas are used for the wireless connection of data transmission devices. Depending on the field of application, antennas with special characteristics are selected. There are a number of trade-offs that specifically consider the integrability, gain, noise, or bandwidth of an antenna.
• One of the key selection factors is the antenna's feed method. Here, a distinction is made between a differential or a one-sided, also single-ended supply.
• a differential signal routing is used in an antenna amplifier, ideally a differentially fed antenna, for example a dipole antenna, should be selected.
• a balun transformer also called a balun, which transforms from differential signal routing to a single-ended signal routing.
• the decision of the feeding method determines the type of antennas used or, alternatively, the use of a symmetry transmitter.
• the dipole antenna or similar differentially fed antennas have the disadvantage that they must have no ground surface or metal surface next to them and are often not integrable.
• the use of a planar antenna, for example a patch antenna allows a better
• it requires a symmetry transformer, which can take up considerable space.
• the present invention provides an antenna with the following features:
• the present invention is based on the recognition that differentially fed planar antennas function like a dipole antenna whose arms are planar antennas.
• the planar antennas can be used with a differential feed system without a single-ended-to-differential transformation.
• the approach according to the invention which relates to a dipole antenna with differential feeding, the arms of which are planar antennas, overcomes the obstacles which occur when using known differentially fed antennas or when using known planar antennas and furthermore offers some significant advantages.
• the inventive approach allows the use of a differential feed together with planar antennas without an additional balun.
• two planar antennas are fed differentially without an additional balun. This results in an antenna which can be inte- grated entirely on multi-layer subwoofers and which offers all the advantages of a differential feed and a planar antenna.
• An antenna according to the inventive approach can be used both in a transmitter and in a receiver in which a differential feed and a full integration capability is required.
• two opposing concepts namely the differential feed and the planar antennas, are used together without the need for an additional element, for example a balun.
• differential feed may be needed for certain designs, for example in terms of noise or gain.
• the use of two planar antennas according to the inventive approach also makes it possible for the differentially fed antenna to be easier to integrate.
• a further advantage is that the basic design of the planar antennas used for the approach according to the invention does not differ from the design of a single-ended planar antenna. However, adaptation to a desired frequency and radiation pattern will be developed for the particular configuration presented.
• the approach according to the invention makes it possible to construct the antenna on both sides of an electronic module, so that an emission occurs on both sides and thus the Rundstrahlcha ⁇ characteristic of the antenna is improved.
• the approach according to the invention is suitable for applications in wireless data transmission, for audio or video transmission, and in particular also in localization, ie wherever an emission in as many directions as possible is desired.
• the antennas according to the invention can be planar integrated in the form presented. This offers itself due to the small size, especially at Studentstra ⁇ supply frequencies in the centimeter and millimeter wave range. In this way, very compact units can be produced.
• the antenna according to the invention will find application in transmitters and receivers because of their differential connections, which use differential feed because of higher power, lower noise, and simpler design.
• the inventive approach is ideal for transmitters or receivers in which miniaturized antennas are to be integrated, which are relatively broadband in terms of their size.
• the presented dipole antenna with planar arms is well suited to produce a desired Rundstrah ⁇ ment diagram.
• FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention Phyg;
• FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an antenna according to another embodiment of the present invention;
• FIG. 3 shows a side view of an antenna according to a further embodiment of the present invention.
• FIG. 4 shows a further side view of the antenna shown in FIG. 3;
• Fig. 5A is a characteristic of the reflection factor of the antenna shown in Fig. 4.
• FIG. 5B is a reflection factor diagram of the antenna shown in FIG. 4.
• FIG. 5B is a reflection factor diagram of the antenna shown in FIG. 4.
• Fig. 1 shows an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
• the antenna has a first planar antenna 102 and a second planar antenna 104, which are connected via a device 106 for coupling or uncoupling a differential signal.
• the first planar antenna 102 has a first planar radiation element 112.
• the second planar antenna 104 has a second planar radiation element 114.
• the radiation elements 112, 114 are arranged spaced apart on a first surface of a substrate 116.
• an electrically conductive layer 118 is arranged on a second surface of the substrate 116.
• the second surface of the substrate 116 is disposed opposite to the first surface of the substrate 116.
• the conductive layer 118 is a metallization layer that forms a ground plane of the planar antennas 102, 104.
• the substrate 116 for example a ceramic substrate, is designed as a dielectric.
• the first planar antenna 102 consists of a layered structure of the first planar radiation element 112, the substrate 116 and the electrically conductive layer 118.
• the second planar antenna 104 consists of the second planar radiation element 114, the substrate 116 and the electrically conductive layer 118.
• the means for coupling 106 is shown schematically in FIG. Shown is a differential signal connection 122 or a generator for providing a differential signal, which is provided via a first area 124 for providing a first component of the differential signal to the first planar antenna 102 and via a second area 126 for providing a second component ⁇ nent the differential signal with the second Planaran ⁇ tenne 104 is connected.
• the first component of the differential signal is a signal inverted to the second component of the differential signal.
• the signal terminal 122 is connected to an evaluating device (not shown in the figures) for evaluating the received first component and the received second component of the differential signal.
• the antenna according to the invention is a differentially fed planar antenna in a dipole configuration without the use of a balun.
• the antenna shown consists of two planar antennas 102, 104, which fulfill the function of the dipole arms, since each planar antenna 102, 104 is fed by a different polarity (+/-).
• the first planar antenna 102 has a first dipole half and the second planar antenna 104 is a second dipole half.
• the schematic representation of the means for coupling 106 is representative of a differential feed or removal of a differential signal.
• the antenna according to the invention works with all known feeding methods of an antenna element. For example, radiation coupling, a feed via a microstrip line or a feeder pin may be mentioned here.
• the two dipole halves may each comprise a plurality of planar antennas.
• Fig. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of an antenna according to another embodiment of the present invention.
• the antenna has a first planar antenna 202, a second planar antenna 204 and a device for coupling the planar antenna 202, 204 with a differential signal.
• the first planar antenna 202 has a first planar radiation element 212 and the second planar antenna 204 has a second planar radiation element 214.
• the antenna has a substrate stack consisting of a first substrate layer 216a, a second substrate layer 216b and a third substrate layer 216c. Between the first substrate layer 216a and the third substrate layer 216c, an electrically conductive layer 218a is arranged in the form of a metallization.
• a second electrically conductive layer 218b is likewise arranged in the form of a metallization.
• the first planar radiation element 212 of the first planar antenna 202 is arranged on a second surface of the first substrate layer 216a, opposite the metallization 218a.
• the first planar antenna 202 is composed of the first planar radiating element 212, the first substrate layer 216a, and the metallization 218a.
• the second planar radiation element 214 of the second planar antenna 204 is arranged on a surface of the second substrate layer 216b arranged opposite the second metallization 218b.
• the second planar antenna 204 is constructed from the second planar radiation element 214, the second substrate layer 216b and the metallization 218b.
• Substrate layers 216a, 216b, 216c are implemented as dielectrics.
• a coupling in or out of the differential signal takes place via a radiation coupling.
• the means 206 for coupling is shown schematically in Fig. 2 and comprises a differential signal port 122, a first region 124 for providing the first component of the differential signal and a second region 126 for providing a second component of the differential signal.
• a first radiation coupling element 228a serves to connect the first radiation element 212 to the first region 124 for providing the first component of the differential signal.
• a second radiation coupling element 228b serves to connect the second region 126 to provide the second component of the differential signal with the second radiation element 214.
• the radiation coupling elements 228a, 228b are microstrip lines in this exemplary embodiment.
• a coupling between the radiation elements 212, 214 and the radiation coupling elements 228a, 228b can take place, for example, via a capacitive or inductive coupling.
• the radiation elements 212, 214 are arranged symmetrically on the substrate stack 216a, 216b, 216c.
• the first planar antenna 202 is identical to the second planar antenna 204. In order to achieve special antenna characteristics, it is possible to deviate from this symmetrical arrangement.
• FIG. 3 shows a three-dimensional representation of a further embodiment of an antenna according to the present invention.
• a first planar antenna 302 and a second planar antenna 304 are embodied as a PIFA antenna, which are connected via a device 306 for coupling or decoupling a differential signal.
• the antenna shown in Fig. 3 has a layer structure according to the embodiment shown in Fig. 2.
• Planar antenna 302 is disposed on a first surface of a first substrate layer 216a.
• a second planar radiation element of the second planar antenna 304 can not be seen in FIG. 3, since it is arranged on the underside of the second substrate layer 216b. Between the first substrate layer 216a and the second substrate layer
• a third substrate layer 216c is arranged which extends from the first substrate layer 216a via the first metallization layer 218a and with the second substrate layer
• a differential signal terminal consisting of a first signal line 324 for guiding the first component of the differential signal and a second line 326 for guiding the second component of the differential signal is arranged.
• the first line 324 is connected to the first radiation element 212 of the first planar array 302 via a first feed line 328a.
• the second line 326 for guiding the second component of the differential signal is connected to the second radiation element (not shown in FIG. 3) of the second planar antenna 304 via a second feed line 328b.
• a conductive layer arranged laterally on the substrate stack constitutes a first shorting plate 332 of the first PIFA antenna 302 and a second electrically conductive layer arranged laterally on the substrate stack represents a second shorting plate 334 of the second PIFA antenna 304.
• FIG. 4 shows a further side view of the embodiment of the inventive antenna shown in FIG. 3, based on two PIFA antennas.
• the elements of the antenna shown in FIG. 4 are designated by the same reference symbols as those already described with reference to FIG. 3. A repeated description of these elements is omitted here.
• the PIFA antennas 302, 304 which correspond to the dipolar terms of a dipole antenna, are PIFA antennas, each of the PIFA antennas 302, 304 being constructed on one side of the transmitter in order to produce the most isotropic radiation pattern possible.
• the sensor dermodul be integrated in the third substrate layer 216c.
• the measured adaptation of the antenna is not just the adaptation of the antenna, but that of both Elemen ⁇ th.
• FIG. 5A and 5B A simulation of the antenna shown in Fig. 4 is shown in Figs. 5A and 5B.
• FIG. 5A shows a characteristic of the reflection factor Sil of the antenna shown in FIG. 4.
• the frequency is plotted in Hz.
• the attenuation is plotted in dB. It can be seen from the characteristic curve shown in FIG. 5A that the resonant frequency of the antenna is approximately 2.5 GHz. The maximum reflection attenuation is approx. -42 dB.
• FIG. 5B shows a reflection factor diagram of the antenna shown in FIG. 4.

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• Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
• Details Of Aerials (AREA)
• Support Of Aerials (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

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• 2004
  • 2004-09-21 DE DE102004045707A patent/DE102004045707A1/de not_active Ceased
• 2005
  • 2005-09-07 PT PT05782909T patent/PT1759438E/pt unknown
  • 2005-09-07 CA CA2579113A patent/CA2579113C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2005-09-07 EP EP05782909A patent/EP1759438B1/fr not_active Not-in-force
  • 2005-09-07 DE DE502005002426T patent/DE502005002426D1/de active Active
  • 2005-09-07 AU AU2005287663A patent/AU2005287663B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2005-09-07 WO PCT/EP2005/009617 patent/WO2006032368A1/fr active IP Right Grant
  • 2005-09-07 BR BRPI0515599-1A patent/BRPI0515599A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2005-09-07 AT AT05782909T patent/ATE382965T1/de active
  • 2005-09-14 US US11/225,961 patent/US7289065B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related

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