EP1758657A2 - Secured ventilated breathing device, in particular for hostile medium - Google Patents

Secured ventilated breathing device, in particular for hostile medium

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Publication number
EP1758657A2
EP1758657A2 EP05757255A EP05757255A EP1758657A2 EP 1758657 A2 EP1758657 A2 EP 1758657A2 EP 05757255 A EP05757255 A EP 05757255A EP 05757255 A EP05757255 A EP 05757255A EP 1758657 A2 EP1758657 A2 EP 1758657A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piston
chamber
ventilated
pressure
supply tube
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP05757255A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1758657B1 (en
Inventor
Swan Tuffery
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Honeywell Protective Clothing SAS
Original Assignee
Delta Protection SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Delta Protection SAS filed Critical Delta Protection SAS
Publication of EP1758657A2 publication Critical patent/EP1758657A2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1758657B1 publication Critical patent/EP1758657B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B17/00—Protective clothing affording protection against heat or harmful chemical agents or for use at high altitudes
    • A62B17/006—Protective clothing affording protection against heat or harmful chemical agents or for use at high altitudes against contamination from chemicals, toxic or hostile environments; ABC suits
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D13/00—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B9/00—Component parts for respiratory or breathing apparatus
    • A62B9/006—Indicators or warning devices, e.g. of low pressure, contamination

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to secure ventilated spacesuits, in particular for hostile environments, which find a particularly advantageous application as clothing for anti-nuclear, anti-bacteriological confinement, protection in a hospital environment, etc., that is to say clothing which responds to safety standards applicable in particular in the nuclear, bacteriological, chemical, biological, etc. fields, and even as clothing equipment to, for example, reduce thermal stress.
  • clothing which responds to safety standards applicable in particular in the nuclear, bacteriological, chemical, biological, etc. fields, and even as clothing equipment to, for example, reduce thermal stress.
  • One of the means used to protect these people is to coat them with a suit which covers them, in full if the suit is of the “total” type, or partially if the suit is of the "helm”, “hood” or analog which covers a more or less large part of the upper part of the body.
  • a spacesuit consists of a skin which defines an envelope in which the person to be protected can hold as mentioned previously in whole or in part, and a pressurized fluid supply tube, one end of which is capable of being connected to a source of this fluid situated in a clean place and the other end of which dips into the envelope, passing through the skin through a sealed passage with a conduit '' a sufficient length for the person wearing such a diving suit to achieve all the objectives set for him in the environment in which he must s move.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a suit ventilated by means of a given fluid, which tends to reach the best possible objectives defined above.
  • the subject of the present invention is a ventilated suit which is secure for a person, when said suit is suitable for use in an ambient medium where an atmosphere prevails at a pressure P a substantially constant, as defined in claim 1 appended.
  • P a substantially constant
  • the single figure represents an embodiment of a ventilated safety suit according to the invention which finds a particularly advantageous application in the field, as mentioned before, of anti-nuclear, anti-bacteriological, protection in hospital confinement, etc., specifying that such a secure ventilated suit is intended to be worn by a person who must move and work in an ambient environment where an atmosphere prevails at a pressure P has substantially constant, for example atmospheric pressure.
  • a spacesuit comprises an envelope 2 formed from a skin 3 made of a waterproof material, for example polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
  • It further comprises a tube 4 for supplying a given fluid such as industrial air or the like, a first end 5 of which is capable of being connected to a source of the given fluid (not shown) capable of delivering this given fluid. at pressure P n greater than pressure P a , and the other second end 6 of which crosses the skin 3, by means of a sealed passage 7 for plunging inside 9 of the envelope 2. It also includes vent means 8 made in the skin 3 for communicating the interior 9 of the envelope with the ambient medium 1 outside of the latter. These venting means can be of different forms and are well known in themselves. They will therefore not be described more fully here for the sole purpose of simplifying the present description.
  • the spacesuit further comprises means 10 for visually warning the person wearing it, when the pressure of the fluid in the supply tube 4 falls below a given threshold value P s less than P n .
  • these means 10 for visually warning the person when the pressure of the fluid in the supply tube falls below a given threshold value P s less than P n are constituted by a conduit 11 whose a first end 12 is fluidly connected to the supply tube 4 and the other second end 13 of which is connected to the ambient medium 1, the conduit 11 comprising, between its first and second ends 12, 13, at least one part 14 of which l interior is cylindrical, advantageously of revolution.
  • a piston 15 mounted to slide in leaktight manner in this cylindrical part of conduit 14 to delimit therein two first and second chambers 16, 17 with variable volumes in opposite directions to one another, the first chamber 16 being in communication with the interior 44 of the supply tube 4 and the second 17 in communication with the ambient environment 1.
  • These means 10 also comprise a transparent sealed window 18 produced in the wall 19 of the cylindrical inner part of the conduit 14 and located on the path of the piston 15 when it slides, and means 20 for applying an elastic force to the face 21 of the piston 15 adjacent to the second chamber 17, the intensity of this " elastic force varying inversely proportional to the variation in the volume of the second chamber 17.
  • this elastic force is determined so that the piston 15 at least partially obscures said transparent window 18 when the pressure in the supply tube 4 is less than P s , and the piston is outside said window when the pressure in the supply tube 4 is at least equal to P s .
  • the conduit 11 is mounted in association with the supply tube 4 so that the transparent window 18 is located in the field of vision 54 of the person when he is wearing the diving suit, for the reason explained below in the description of the operation of the secure diving suit according to the invention. It is also advantageous for this transparent window 18 to be constituted by an annular portion made of a transparent material, from the side wall of the first chamber 16.
  • the means 20 for applying the elastic force are constituted, as illustrated in the figure, by a compression spring 27, of the helical type, located in the second chamber 17.
  • a compression spring 27 of the helical type, located in the second chamber 17.
  • One 22 of the ends of this spring 27 is mounted in contact with the face 21 of the piston 15 adjacent to the second chamber 17 and the other end 23 is mounted in contact with a stop 24 produced in this second chamber 17.
  • the stop 24 consists for example of a flange 25 integral with the wall 19 of the cylindrical part of duct, this flange 25 projecting towards the inside of the second chamber 17.
  • the visual warning means 10 include means 30 to limit the sliding of the piston in the first chamber 16, for example a lug or the like located at the end 12 of the cylindrical part of the duct 14.
  • a preferred embodiment of the ventilated diving suit secured according to the invention has been described above. But it is of course possible to produce such a spacesuit according to other embodiments. For example, it has been described and illustrated a duct having a uniform section over its entire length.
  • a helical spring has been illustrated and given as a preferred example of industrial and economic achievement.
  • other embodiments are possible, for example an air spring or the like.
  • the cylindrical part of conduit 14 which has been shown directly connected to the supply tube 4 and to the ambient medium 1 is indirectly connected to this supply tube 4 and to this ambient medium 1, for example by means of long pipes or the like. This is for example the case where it would be necessary to place the sealed passage in a more favorable location for the realization of the diving suit but located outside the field of vision of the person wearing the diving suit. It would then be necessary to connect the cylindrical part of conduit 14 to the supply tube 4 by means of an auxiliary tube whose length would make it possible to position it, with its transparent window 18, in the field of vision.
  • the diving suit described above operates in the following manner: It is first assumed that a person wearing a diving suit according to the invention as described above must move in a hostile environment. For this, the end 5 of the supply tube 4 is connected to a source of fluid, for example industrial air, under a pressure P n greater than the pressure P a of the ambient medium.
  • a source of fluid for example industrial air
  • P n greater than the pressure P a of the ambient medium.
  • the interior 9 of the envelope 2 is thus put under overpressure to allow the person to breathe normally and the envelope to be normally ventilated, the vent means 8 making it possible to maintain the interior of the envelope 2 at a relatively constant pressure and the air expelled by these vent means preventing dangerous products from entering inside the envelope.
  • the ventilated suit according to the invention is of a very simple embodiment, inexpensive and very reliable in terms of safety because, in addition, it does not include any electrical elements. or the like which may affect the safety of persons who are required to wear such spacesuits.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
  • Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to secured ventilated breathing device wearable by persons in a hostile medium (1) whose atmospheric pressure Pa is substentially constant. The inventive breathing device comprises an envelop (2) consisting of a skin (3) made of a airtight material, a fluid feeding pipe (4) whose one end (5) is connectable to a fluid source under given pressure Pn which is greater than the pressure Pa and whose other end (6) passes the skin by a seal passage (7) and enters the envelop, vent means (8) embodied in the skin for connecting the inside of the envelop with the ambient medium (1) and means (10) for visually alerting the person when the fluid pressure in the feeding pipe (4) reduces under the given value threshold Ps which is less than Pn. said invention can be used, in particular for ventilated breathing devices for nuclear, bacteriological sectors, in hospital environments, etc.

Description

SCAPHANDRE VENTILE SECURISE NOTAMMENT POUR MILIEU HOSTILE SECURE VENTILATED SCAPHANDRE ESPECIALLY FOR HOSTILE ENVIRONMENTS
La présente invention concerne les scaphandres ventilés sécurisés, notamment pour milieux hostiles, qui trouvent une application particulièrement avantageuse comme vêtements de confinement antinucléaire, anti-bactériologique, de protection en milieu hospitalier, etc., c'est-à-dire des vêtements qui répondent aux normes de sécurité applicables notamment dans les domaines nucléaire, bactériologique, chimique, biologique, etc., et même comme équipements vestimentaires pour, par exemple, réduire le stress thermique. On sait qu'il est nécessaire de protéger les personnes qui, par exemple, travaillent dans des milieux hostiles comme ceux définis ci-dessus. L'un des moyens utilisés pour protéger ces personnes est de les revêtir d'un scaphandre qui les recouvre, en entier si le scaphandre est du type "total", ou partiellement si le scaphandre est du type "heaume", "cagoule" ou analogue qui recouvre une part plus ou moins grande de la partie haute du corps. Pour éviter que des produits nocifs puissent entrer dans un scaphandre et pour permettre à la personne revêtue d'un scaphandre de respirer normalement, le scaphandre comporte en outre des moyens qui permettent de ventiler son intérieur tout en maintenant ce dernier en légère surpression, grâce à un fluide sous pression comme de l'air propre industriel ou analogue Dans ce but, un scaphandre est constitué d'une peau qui définit une enveloppe dans laquelle la personne à protéger peut tenir comme mentionné auparavant en totalité ou en partie, et d'un tube d'alimentation en fluide sous pression dont une extrémité est apte à être reliée à une source de ce fluide située dans un endroit propre et dont l'autre extrémité plonge dans l'enveloppe en traversant la peau par un passage étanche avec un conduit d'une longueur suffisante pour que la personne revêtue d'un tel scaphandre puisse atteindre tous les objectifs qui lui sont fixés dans le milieu dans lequel elle doit se mouvoir. De plus, lorsque la personne est revêtue d'un tel scaphandre, elle est généralement dans un milieu hostile et très occupée par les tâches qui lui sont imparties. Elle doit donc pouvoir respirer normalement en totale sécurité. Dans ce but, il est absolument nécessaire de l'avertir le plus rapidement possible lorsqu'il y a un risque pour qu'intervienne une panne dans l'alimentation en fluide. C'est ainsi qu'il est prudent de munir le scaphandre d'un avertisseur pour permettre à la personne qui le porte de se mettre en sécurité dès qu'elle est avertie du risque d'une telle panne, tout en lui laissant assez de fluide pour la protéger et lui permettre de respirer. De tels dispositifs sont par exemple décrits dans les DE 197 00 229 et US 4455 683. Aussi, la présente invention a-t-elle pour but de réaliser un scaphandre ventilé au moyen d'un fluide donné, qui tende à atteindre au mieux les objectifs définis ci- dessus. Plus précisément, la présente invention a pour objet un scaphandre ventilé sécurisé pour une personne, quand ledit scaphandre est apte à être utilisé dans un milieu ambiant où règne une atmosphère à une pression Pa sensiblement constante, comme défini dans la revendication 1 annexée. D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront au cours de la description suivante donnée en regard du dessin annexé à titre illustratif mais nullement limitatif, dans lequel : La figure unique représente, vu en coupe longitudinale, un mode de réalisation préférentiel d'un scaphandre ventilé sécurisé selon l'invention. Il est tout d'abord précisé que la figure représente essentiellement un seul mode de réalisation de l'objet selon l'invention, mais qu'il peut exister d'autres modes de réalisation qui répondent à la définition de cette invention. Ceci étant précisé, la figure unique représente un mode de réalisation d'un scaphandre ventilé sécurisé selon l'invention qui trouve une application particulièrement avantageuse dans le domaine, comme mentionné auparavant, du confinement antinucléaire, anti-bactériologique, de protection en milieu hospitalier, etc., en précisant qu'un tel scaphandre ventilé sécurisé est destiné à être porté par une personne qui doit se mouvoir et travailler dans un milieu ambiant où règne une atmosphère à une, pression Pa sensiblement constante, par exemple la pression atmosphérique. Un tel scaphandre comporte une enveloppe 2 formée d'une peau 3 en un matériau étanche, par exemple du polychlorure de vinyle (PVC). Il comporte en outre un tube d'alimentation 4 en un fluide donné tel que de l'air industriel ou analogue, dont une première extrémité 5 est apte à être reliée à une source du fluide donné (non représentée) apte à délivrer ce fluide donné à la pression Pn supérieure à la pression Pa, et dont l'autre seconde extrémité 6 traverse la peau 3, au moyen s'un passage étanche 7 pour plonger à l'intérieur 9 de l'enveloppe 2. Il comporte aussi des moyens d'évent 8 réalisés dans la peau 3 pour mettre en communication l'intérieur 9 de l'enveloppe avec le milieu ambiant 1 à l'extérieur de celle-ci. Ces moyens d'évent peuvent être de différentes formes et sont bien connus en eux-mêmes. Ils ne seront donc pas plus amplement décrits ici dans l'unique de souci de simplifier la présente description. Le scaphandre comporte en outre des moyens 10 pour avertir visuellement la personne qui le porte, quand la pression du fluide dans le tube d'alimentation 4 tombe en dessous d'une valeur de seuil donnée Ps inférieure à Pn. Dans un mode de réalisation préférentiel, ces moyens 10 pour avertir visuellement la personne quand la pression du fluide dans le tube d'alimentation tombe en dessous d'une valeur de seuil donnée Ps inférieure à Pn, sont constitués par un conduit 11 dont une première extrémité 12 est reliée fluidiquement au tube d'alimentation 4 et dont l'autre seconde extrémité 13 est reliée au milieu ambiant 1 , le conduit 11 comportant, entre ses première et seconde extrémités 12, 13, au moins une partie 14 dont l'intérieur est de forme cylindrique, avantageusement de révolution. Il est aussi prévu un piston 15 monté coulissant de façon étanche dans cette partie cylindrique de conduit 14 pour y délimiter deux première et seconde chambres 16, 17 à volumes variables en sens inverse l'un de l'autre, la première chambre 16 étant en communication avec l'intérieur 44 du tube d'alimentation 4 et la seconde 17 en communication avec le milieu ambiant 1. Ces moyens 10 comportent en outre une fenêtre étanche transparente 18 réalisée dans la paroi 19 de la partie intérieure cylindrique de conduit 14 et située sur le trajet du piston 15 lors de son coulissement, et des moyens 20 pour appliquer une force élastique sur la face 21 du piston 15 adjacente à la seconde chambre 17, l'intensité de cette "force élastique variant de façon inversement proportionnelle par rapport à la variation du volume de la seconde chambre 17. De plus, cette force élastique est déterminée de façon que le piston 15 occulte au moins partiellement ladite fenêtre transparente 18 quand la pression dans le tube d'alimentation 4 est inférieure à Ps, et que le piston soit en dehors de ladite fenêtre quand la pression dans le tube d'alimentation 4 est au moins égale à Ps. De façon très préférentielle, le conduit 11 est monté en association avec le tube d'alimentation 4 de façon que la fenêtre transparente 18 soit située dans le champ de vision 54 de la personne lorsqu'elle porte le scaphandre, pour la raison explicitée ci- après dans la description du fonctionnement du scaphandre sécurisé selon l'invention. Il est également avantageux que cette fenêtre transparente 18 soit constituée par une portion annulaire en un matériau transparent, de la paroi latérale de la première chambre 16. En outre, dans une réalisation préférentielle sur le plan industriel et économique, les moyens 20 pour appliquer la force élastique sont constitués, comme illustré sur la figure, par un ressort en compression 27, du type hélicoïdal, situé dans la seconde chambre 17. L'une 22 des extrémités de ce ressort 27 est montée au contact de la face 21 du piston 15 adjacente à la seconde chambre 17 et l'autre extrémité 23 est montée au contact d'une butée 24 réalisée dans cette seconde chambre 17. La butée 24 est constituée par exemple d'une collerette 25 solidaire de la paroi 19 de la partie cylindrique de conduit, cette collerette 25 étant en saillie vers l'intérieur de la seconde chambre 17. Dans le but qui sera explicité ci-après, il est en outre avantageux que la paroi du piston 15 soit d'une couleur vive. Enfin, pour éviter que le piston ne puisse émerger de la première chambre 16 et venir par exemple obturer le tube d'alimentation 4, il est préférable que les moyens d'avertissement visuel 10 comportent des moyens 30 pour limiter le coulissement du piston dans la première chambre 16, par exemple un ergot ou analogue situé à l'extrémité 12 de la partie cylindrique de conduit 14. Il a été décrit ci-dessus un mode de réalisation préférentiel du scaphandre ventilé sécurisé selon l'invention. Mais il est bien sûr possible de réaliser un tel scaphandre selon d'autres modes de réalisation. Par exemple, il a été décrit et illustré un conduit ayant une section uniforme sur toute sa longueur. Mais il est possible de réaliser une partie cylindrique en deux parties ayant deux sections différentes séparées par un décrochement et un piston adapté ayant lui aussi deux sections différentes séparées par un décrochement correspondant pour obtenir, par exemple, une face 29 de piston soumise à la pression du fluide circulant dans le tube d'alimentation plus petite que celle 21 sur laquelle agit le ressort 27 et la pression Pa, le décrochement constituant dans ce cas les moyens 30 pour limiter le coulissement du piston dans la première chambre 16 et éviter qu'il ne vienne obturer partiellement ou en totalité le tube d'alimentation 4. La solution inverse peut aussi être envisagée, c'est-à-dire une face 29 plus grande que la face 21 , les moyens 30 pour limiter le coulissement du piston étant dans ce cas constitués comme ceux illustrés sur la figure. De même, un ressort hélicoïdal a été illustré et donné à titre d'exemple préférentiel de réalisation sur le plan industriel et économique. Mais d'autres réalisations sont possibles, par exemple un ressort pneumatique ou analogue. De même, il est aussi possible que la partie cylindrique de conduit 14 qui a été représentée directement reliée au tube d'alimentation 4 et au milieu ambiant 1 soit reliée indirectement à ce tube d'alimentation 4 et à ce milieu ambiant 1, par exemple au moyen de tuyaux ou analogues de grande longueur. C'est par exemple le cas où il serait nécessaire de placer le passage étanche à un endroit plus favorable pour la réalisation du scaphandre mais situé en dehors du champ de vision de la personne revêtue du scaphandre. II faudrait alors relier la partie cylindrique de conduit 14 au tube d'alimentation 4 au moyen d'un tuyau auxiliaire dont la longueur permettrait de la positionner, avec sa fenêtre transparente 18, dans le champ de vision. Le scaphandre décrit ci-dessus fonctionne de la façon suivante : On suppose tout d'abord qu'une personne revêtue d'un scaphandre selon l'invention tel que décrit ci-dessus doit se mouvoir dans un milieu hostile. Pour cela, l'extrémité 5 du tube d'alimentation 4 est connectée à une source de fluide, par exemple de l'air industriel, sous une pression Pn supérieure à la pression Pa du milieu ambiant. L'intérieur 9 de l'enveloppe 2 est ainsi mis en surpression pour permettre à la personne de respirer normalement et à l'enveloppe d'être normalement ventilée, les moyens d'évent 8 permettant de maintenir l'intérieur de l'enveloppe 2 à une pression relativement constante et l'air expulsé par ces moyens d'évent évitant que des produits dangereux ne s'introduisent à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe. Quand la pression dans le tube d'alimentation, et donc aussi dans la première chambre 16, est normale et égale à Pn, il s'exerce, sur la face 29 du piston, une force pressante égale à Pn x S, si S est l'aire de cette face 29. Sous l'effet de cette force pressante, le piston est repoussé vers l'extrémité 13 de la partie cylindrique de conduit 14 en comprimant le ressort 27 jusqu'à ce que la force pressante exercée sur la face 29 et celles exercées par le ressort et la pression du milieu ambiant sur la face 21 du piston s'équilibrent, maintenant ainsi le piston 15 dans une position en dehors de la fenêtre transparente 18. Cette position est représentée en traits continus sur la figure unique. En revanche, si, pour quelque raison que ce soit, la pression dans le tube d'alimentation vient à chuter, la force pressante exercée sur la face 29 du piston 15 diminue et le ressort 27 repousse le piston pour tendre à diminuer le volume de la première chambre 16. Si la pression dans le tube d'alimentation chute à une valeur inférieure à la valeur de seuil Ps, le piston est repoussé jusqu'à se trouver au moins en partie en regard de la fenêtre transparente 18 et l'occulter au moins partiellement, comme illustré en traits interrompus sur la figure. Comme, par définition structurelle, cette fenêtre transparente 18 se trouve dans le champ de vision 54 de la personne revêtue scaphandre, cette dernière comprend immédiatement que la pression du fluide dans le tube d'alimentation n'est plus suffisante pour assurer sa sécurité, et qu'elle doit donc faire tout le nécessaire pour sortir du milieu hostile et préserver sa sécurité. Le fait que le piston soit d'une couleur vive permettra d'attirer encore plus l'attention de la personne portant le scaphandre. A la description ci-dessus, il apparaît aisément que le scaphandre ventilé selon l'invention est d'une réalisation très simple, peu coûteuse et très fiable sur le plan de la sécurité car, en plus, il ne comporte pas d'éléments électriques ou analogues pouvant nuire à la sécurité des personnes qui sont tenues de revêtir de tels scaphandres. The present invention relates to secure ventilated spacesuits, in particular for hostile environments, which find a particularly advantageous application as clothing for anti-nuclear, anti-bacteriological confinement, protection in a hospital environment, etc., that is to say clothing which responds to safety standards applicable in particular in the nuclear, bacteriological, chemical, biological, etc. fields, and even as clothing equipment to, for example, reduce thermal stress. We know that it is necessary to protect people who, for example, work in hostile environments such as those defined above. One of the means used to protect these people is to coat them with a suit which covers them, in full if the suit is of the "total" type, or partially if the suit is of the "helm", "hood" or analog which covers a more or less large part of the upper part of the body. To prevent harmful products from entering a diving suit and to allow the person wearing a diving suit to breathe normally, the diving suit furthermore comprises means which make it possible to ventilate its interior while maintaining the latter in slight overpressure, thanks to a pressurized fluid such as clean industrial air or the like For this purpose, a spacesuit consists of a skin which defines an envelope in which the person to be protected can hold as mentioned previously in whole or in part, and a pressurized fluid supply tube, one end of which is capable of being connected to a source of this fluid situated in a clean place and the other end of which dips into the envelope, passing through the skin through a sealed passage with a conduit '' a sufficient length for the person wearing such a diving suit to achieve all the objectives set for him in the environment in which he must s move. In addition, when the person is wearing such a spacesuit, he is generally in a hostile environment and very busy with the tasks assigned to him. She must therefore be able to breathe normally in complete safety. For this purpose, it is absolutely necessary to warn it as quickly as possible when there is a risk for a failure to occur in the fluid supply. It is thus prudent to equip the suit with an alarm to allow the person wearing it to be put in safety as soon as he is warned of the risk of such a breakdown, while leaving him enough fluid to protect it and allow it to breathe. Such devices are for example described in DE 197 00 229 and US 4455 683. Also, the object of the present invention is to provide a suit ventilated by means of a given fluid, which tends to reach the best possible objectives defined above. More specifically, the subject of the present invention is a ventilated suit which is secure for a person, when said suit is suitable for use in an ambient medium where an atmosphere prevails at a pressure P a substantially constant, as defined in claim 1 appended. Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear during the following description given with reference to the attached drawing for illustration but in no way limitative, in which: The single figure represents, seen in longitudinal section, a preferred embodiment of a secure ventilated suit according to the invention. It is firstly specified that the figure essentially represents a single embodiment of the object according to the invention, but that there may be other embodiments which meet the definition of this invention. Having said this, the single figure represents an embodiment of a ventilated safety suit according to the invention which finds a particularly advantageous application in the field, as mentioned before, of anti-nuclear, anti-bacteriological, protection in hospital confinement, etc., specifying that such a secure ventilated suit is intended to be worn by a person who must move and work in an ambient environment where an atmosphere prevails at a pressure P has substantially constant, for example atmospheric pressure. Such a spacesuit comprises an envelope 2 formed from a skin 3 made of a waterproof material, for example polyvinyl chloride (PVC). It further comprises a tube 4 for supplying a given fluid such as industrial air or the like, a first end 5 of which is capable of being connected to a source of the given fluid (not shown) capable of delivering this given fluid. at pressure P n greater than pressure P a , and the other second end 6 of which crosses the skin 3, by means of a sealed passage 7 for plunging inside 9 of the envelope 2. It also includes vent means 8 made in the skin 3 for communicating the interior 9 of the envelope with the ambient medium 1 outside of the latter. These venting means can be of different forms and are well known in themselves. They will therefore not be described more fully here for the sole purpose of simplifying the present description. The spacesuit further comprises means 10 for visually warning the person wearing it, when the pressure of the fluid in the supply tube 4 falls below a given threshold value P s less than P n . In a preferred embodiment, these means 10 for visually warning the person when the pressure of the fluid in the supply tube falls below a given threshold value P s less than P n , are constituted by a conduit 11 whose a first end 12 is fluidly connected to the supply tube 4 and the other second end 13 of which is connected to the ambient medium 1, the conduit 11 comprising, between its first and second ends 12, 13, at least one part 14 of which l interior is cylindrical, advantageously of revolution. There is also provided a piston 15 mounted to slide in leaktight manner in this cylindrical part of conduit 14 to delimit therein two first and second chambers 16, 17 with variable volumes in opposite directions to one another, the first chamber 16 being in communication with the interior 44 of the supply tube 4 and the second 17 in communication with the ambient environment 1. These means 10 also comprise a transparent sealed window 18 produced in the wall 19 of the cylindrical inner part of the conduit 14 and located on the path of the piston 15 when it slides, and means 20 for applying an elastic force to the face 21 of the piston 15 adjacent to the second chamber 17, the intensity of this " elastic force varying inversely proportional to the variation in the volume of the second chamber 17. In addition, this elastic force is determined so that the piston 15 at least partially obscures said transparent window 18 when the pressure in the supply tube 4 is less than P s , and the piston is outside said window when the pressure in the supply tube 4 is at least equal to P s . Most preferably, the conduit 11 is mounted in association with the supply tube 4 so that the transparent window 18 is located in the field of vision 54 of the person when he is wearing the diving suit, for the reason explained below in the description of the operation of the secure diving suit according to the invention. It is also advantageous for this transparent window 18 to be constituted by an annular portion made of a transparent material, from the side wall of the first chamber 16. In addition, in a preferred embodiment from an industrial and economic standpoint, the means 20 for applying the elastic force are constituted, as illustrated in the figure, by a compression spring 27, of the helical type, located in the second chamber 17. One 22 of the ends of this spring 27 is mounted in contact with the face 21 of the piston 15 adjacent to the second chamber 17 and the other end 23 is mounted in contact with a stop 24 produced in this second chamber 17. The stop 24 consists for example of a flange 25 integral with the wall 19 of the cylindrical part of duct, this flange 25 projecting towards the inside of the second chamber 17. For the purpose which will be explained below, it is also advantageous for the wall of the piston 15 s oit a bright color. Finally, to avoid that the piston cannot emerge from the first chamber 16 and come, for example, to close off the supply tube 4, it is preferable that the visual warning means 10 include means 30 to limit the sliding of the piston in the first chamber 16, for example a lug or the like located at the end 12 of the cylindrical part of the duct 14. A preferred embodiment of the ventilated diving suit secured according to the invention has been described above. But it is of course possible to produce such a spacesuit according to other embodiments. For example, it has been described and illustrated a duct having a uniform section over its entire length. But it is possible to produce a cylindrical part in two parts having two different sections separated by a recess and a suitable piston also having two different sections separated by a corresponding recess to obtain, for example, a face 29 of the piston subjected to the pressure of the fluid circulating in the supply tube smaller than that 21 on which the spring 27 and the pressure P a act, the step constituting in this case the means 30 for limiting the sliding of the piston in the first chamber 16 and preventing that it does not partially or completely block the supply tube 4. The opposite solution can also be envisaged, that is to say a face 29 larger than the face 21, the means 30 for limiting the sliding of the piston being in this case constituted like those illustrated in the figure. Likewise, a helical spring has been illustrated and given as a preferred example of industrial and economic achievement. However, other embodiments are possible, for example an air spring or the like. Likewise, it is also possible that the cylindrical part of conduit 14 which has been shown directly connected to the supply tube 4 and to the ambient medium 1 is indirectly connected to this supply tube 4 and to this ambient medium 1, for example by means of long pipes or the like. This is for example the case where it would be necessary to place the sealed passage in a more favorable location for the realization of the diving suit but located outside the field of vision of the person wearing the diving suit. It would then be necessary to connect the cylindrical part of conduit 14 to the supply tube 4 by means of an auxiliary tube whose length would make it possible to position it, with its transparent window 18, in the field of vision. The diving suit described above operates in the following manner: It is first assumed that a person wearing a diving suit according to the invention as described above must move in a hostile environment. For this, the end 5 of the supply tube 4 is connected to a source of fluid, for example industrial air, under a pressure P n greater than the pressure P a of the ambient medium. The interior 9 of the envelope 2 is thus put under overpressure to allow the person to breathe normally and the envelope to be normally ventilated, the vent means 8 making it possible to maintain the interior of the envelope 2 at a relatively constant pressure and the air expelled by these vent means preventing dangerous products from entering inside the envelope. When the pressure in the supply tube, and therefore also in the first chamber 16, is normal and equal to P n , there is exerted, on the face 29 of the piston, a pressing force equal to P n x S, if S is the area of this face 29. Under the effect of this pressing force, the piston is pushed back towards the end 13 of the cylindrical part of conduit 14 by compressing the spring 27 until the pressing force exerted on the face 29 and those exerted by the spring and the pressure of the ambient medium on the face 21 of the piston are balanced, thus maintaining the piston 15 in a position outside the transparent window 18. This position is shown in solid lines on the single figure. On the other hand, if, for whatever reason, the pressure in the supply tube drops, the pressing force exerted on the face 29 of the piston 15 decreases and the spring 27 pushes the piston back to tend to decrease the volume of the first chamber 16. If the pressure in the supply tube drops to a value lower than the threshold value P s , the piston is pushed back until it is at least partly opposite the transparent window 18 and the at least partially obscure it, as shown in broken lines in the figure. As, by structural definition, this transparent window 18 is in the field of vision 54 of the person wearing the diving suit, the latter immediately understands that the pressure of the fluid in the supply tube is no longer sufficient to ensure his safety, and that it must therefore do everything necessary to leave the hostile environment and preserve its security. The fact that the piston is a bright color will attract even more attention from the person wearing the diving suit. In the description above, it is readily apparent that the ventilated suit according to the invention is of a very simple embodiment, inexpensive and very reliable in terms of safety because, in addition, it does not include any electrical elements. or the like which may affect the safety of persons who are required to wear such spacesuits.

Claims

R E V E N D I C A T I O N S 1. Scaphandre ventilé sécurisé pour une personne, quand ledit scaphandre est apte à être utilisé dans un milieu ambiant (1) où règne une atmosphère à une pression Pa sensiblement constante, ledit scaphandre comportant : une enveloppe (2) formée d'une peau (3) en un matériau étanche, un tube d'alimentation (4) en un fluide dont une extrémité (5) est apte à être reliée à une source de ce fluide sous une pression donnée Pn supérieure à la pression Pa et dont l'autre extrémité (6) traverse la peau par un passage étanche (7) pour plonger dans l'enveloppe, et des moyens d'évent (8) réalisés dans la peau pour mettre en communication l'intérieur (9) de l'enveloppe avec le milieu ambiant (1), caractérisé par le fait qu'il comporte en outre des moyens (10) pour avertir visuellement ladite personne quand la pression du fluide dans ledit tube d'alimentation (4) tombe en dessous d'une valeur de seuil donnée Ps inférieure à Pn constitués par un conduit (11) dont une première extrémité (12) est reliée fluidiquement au tube d'alimentation (4) et dont l'autre seconde extrémité (13) est reliée au milieu ambiant (1), ledit conduit (11) comportant, entre ses première et seconde extrémités (12, 13), une partie (14) dont l'intérieur est de forme cylindrique, un piston (15) monté coulissant de façon étanche dans la partie cylindrique de conduit (14) et délimitant, dans cette partie de conduit, deux première et seconde chambres (16, 17) à volumes variables en sens inverse l'un de l'autre, la première chambre (16) étant en communication avec l'intérieur (44) du tube d'alimentation (4) et la seconde (17) en communication avec le milieu ambiant (1), une fenêtre étanche transparente (18) réalisée dans la paroi (19) de la partie cylindrique de conduit (14) et située sur le trajet du piston (15) lors de son coulissement, et des moyens (20) pour appliquer une force élastique sur la face (21) du piston (15) adjacente à la seconde chambre (17), l'intensité de ladite force élastique variant de façon inversement proportionnelle par rapport à la variation du volume de ladite seconde chambre (17), ladite force élastique étant déterminée de façon que le piston (15) occulte au moins partiellement la fenêtre transparente (18) quand la pression dans le tube d'alimentation (4) est inférieure à Ps et que le piston (15) soit en dehors de ladite fenêtre transparente (18) quand la pression dans le tube d'alimentation (4) est au moins égale à Ps. CLAIMS 1. Ventilated suit secured for a person, when said suit is suitable for use in an ambient environment (1) where an atmosphere prevails at a pressure P a substantially constant, said suit comprising: an envelope (2) formed of a skin (3) made of a waterproof material, a supply tube (4) of a fluid, one end of which (5) is capable of being connected to a source of this fluid under a given pressure P n greater than the pressure P a and the other end (6) of which passes through the skin via a sealed passage (7) for plunging into the envelope, and vent means (8) made in the skin for communicating the interior (9) of the envelope with the ambient medium (1), characterized in that it also comprises means (10) for visually warning said person when the pressure of the fluid in said supply tube (4) falls below a given threshold value P s less than P n constituted by a conduit (11) of which a first end (12) is fluidly connected to the supply tube (4) and the other second end (13) of which is connected to the ambient medium (1), said conduit (11) comprising, between its first and second ends (12, 13), a part (14) the interior of which is cylindrical, a piston (15) slidably mounted in a sealed manner in the cylindrical part of the conduit (14) and delimiting, in this part of conduit, two first and second chambers (16, 17) with variable volumes in opposite directions to one another, the first chamber (16) being in communication with the interior (44) of the supply tube (4) and the second (17) in communication with the ambient medium (1), a transparent watertight window (18) produced in the wall (19) of the cylindrical part of the conduit (14) and located on the path of the piston (15) during of its sliding, and means (20) for applying an elastic force to the face (21) of the piston (15) adjacent to the second chamber (17), the intensity of said elastic force varying inversely proportional to the variation in the volume of said second chamber (17), said elastic force being determined so that the piston (15) obscures the at least partially the transparent window (18) when the pressure in the supply tube (4) is less than P s and the piston (15) is outside said transparent window (18) when the pressure in the tube supply (4) is at least equal to P s .
2. Scaphandre ventilé sécurisé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que le conduit (11) est monté en association avec le tube d'alimentation (4) de façon que la fenêtre transparente (18) soit située dans le champ de vision (54) de la personne lorsqu'elle porte le scaphandre.2. Secure ventilated diving suit according to claim 1, characterized in that the duct (11) is mounted in association with the supply tube (4) so that the transparent window (18) is located in the field of vision ( 54) of the person when wearing the suit.
3. Scaphandre ventilé sécurisé selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé par le fait que la fenêtre transparente (18) est constituée par une portion annulaire, en un matériau transparent, de la paroi latérale de la première chambre. 3. Secure ventilated diving suit according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the transparent window (18) consists of an annular portion, made of a transparent material, of the side wall of the first chamber.
4. Scaphandre ventilé sécurisé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé par le fait que les moyens (20) pour appliquer la force élastique sont constitués par un ressort en compression (27) situé dans la seconde chambre (17), dont une extrémité (22) est montée au contact de la face (21) du piston (15) adjacente à ladite seconde chambre (17) et dont l'autre extrémité (23) est montée au contact d'une butée (24) réalisée dans cette seconde chambre (17).4. Secure ventilated diving suit according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the means (20) for applying the elastic force consist of a compression spring (27) located in the second chamber (17), one end (22) is mounted in contact with the face (21) of the piston (15) adjacent to said second chamber (17) and the other end (23) of which is mounted in contact with a stop (24) produced in this second chamber (17).
5. Scaphandre ventilé sécurisé selon la revendication 4, caractérisé par le fait que ladite butée (24) est constituée d'une collerette (25) solidaire de la paroi (19) de la partie cylindrique de conduit, ladite collerette (25) étant en saillie vers l'intérieur de ladite seconde chambre (17).5. Secure ventilated diving suit according to claim 4, characterized in that said stop (24) consists of a flange (25) integral with the wall (19) of the cylindrical part of the duct, said flange (25) being in projecting towards the inside of said second chamber (17).
6. Scaphandre ventilé sécurisé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé par le fait que la paroi dudit piston (15) est d'une couleur vive. 6. Secure ventilated diving suit according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the wall of said piston (15) is a bright color.
7. Scaphandre ventilé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé par le fait que les moyens (10) pour avertir visuellement ladite personne comportent en outre des moyens (30) pour limiter le coulissement du piston dans la première chambre. 7. ventilated spacesuit according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the means (10) for visually warning said person further comprises means (30) for limiting the sliding of the piston in the first chamber.
EP05757255A 2004-04-27 2005-04-18 Secured ventilated breathing device, in particular for hostile medium Not-in-force EP1758657B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0404411A FR2869237B1 (en) 2004-04-27 2004-04-27 SCAFFOLD VENTILATED SECURE IN PARTICULAR FOR HOSTILE ENVIRONMENT
PCT/FR2005/000918 WO2005110547A2 (en) 2004-04-27 2005-04-18 Secured ventilated breathing device, in particular for hostile medium

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1758657A2 true EP1758657A2 (en) 2007-03-07
EP1758657B1 EP1758657B1 (en) 2012-07-11

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05757255A Not-in-force EP1758657B1 (en) 2004-04-27 2005-04-18 Secured ventilated breathing device, in particular for hostile medium

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US (1) US20070215148A1 (en)
EP (1) EP1758657B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1946457B (en)
FR (1) FR2869237B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2005110547A2 (en)

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US9186528B2 (en) 2012-04-20 2015-11-17 Honeywell International Inc. Adjustable low pressure warning device
US9000913B2 (en) 2013-01-02 2015-04-07 Honeywell International Inc. Wearable low pressure warning device with audio and visual indication
EP2929913B1 (en) * 2014-04-07 2016-04-06 Honeywell International Inc. Back integral air distribution in ventilated suit

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2005110547A2 (en) 2005-11-24
CN1946457B (en) 2011-02-09
WO2005110547A3 (en) 2006-03-16
CN1946457A (en) 2007-04-11
US20070215148A1 (en) 2007-09-20
EP1758657B1 (en) 2012-07-11
FR2869237B1 (en) 2006-12-29
FR2869237A1 (en) 2005-10-28

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