EP3007775B1 - Respiratory protection equipment - Google Patents

Respiratory protection equipment Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3007775B1
EP3007775B1 EP14727879.0A EP14727879A EP3007775B1 EP 3007775 B1 EP3007775 B1 EP 3007775B1 EP 14727879 A EP14727879 A EP 14727879A EP 3007775 B1 EP3007775 B1 EP 3007775B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tank
passage
orifice
pressure
needle valve
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EP14727879.0A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3007775A1 (en
Inventor
Rachid Makhlouche
Jean-Michel Cazenave
Freddy DUMONT
Christian Rolland
Vincent PERRARD
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Publication of EP3007775A1 publication Critical patent/EP3007775A1/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B17/00—Protective clothing affording protection against heat or harmful chemical agents or for use at high altitudes
    • A62B17/04—Hoods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B7/00—Respiratory apparatus
    • A62B7/02—Respiratory apparatus with compressed oxygen or air
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B9/00—Component parts for respiratory or breathing apparatus
    • A62B9/02—Valves
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B7/00—Respiratory apparatus
    • A62B7/14—Respiratory apparatus for high-altitude aircraft

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a respiratory protection equipment commonly called a hood.
  • the invention more particularly relates to a respiratory protection hood comprising a flexible envelope intended to be threaded on the head of a user and a pressurized oxygen tank comprising an outlet opening opening into the internal volume of the flexible envelope, the outlet orifice being closed by a removable plug or breakage arranged.
  • hoods must in particular allow the aircrew to fight the damage, rescue passengers and manage a possible evacuation of the aircraft.
  • the device In order to meet the requirements of use, the device must be able to provide enough oxygen to the user.
  • the hood may be designed to both prevent hypoxia at an altitude of 40000 feet two minutes after placement and then, in the final minutes of use, provide enough oxygen to allow evacuation.
  • the first type provides an oxygen flow rate that grows to reach a relatively constant level before decreasing rapidly at the end of combustion.
  • the outer surface temperature of the device can easily exceed 200 ° C and ignite any combustible material in contact (a fatal accident has already occurred following the accidental activation of such a chemical candle in a container transport in the hold of an airplane).
  • This type of device also has the disadvantage of requiring a certain time for the rise in flow of oxygen at startup. This may require the addition of additional oxygen capacity for startup. Finally, these devices require filters to remove impurities generated by the oxygen production reaction.
  • the second type (pressurized oxygen tank associated with a calibrated orifice) provides a flow of oxygen that decreases exponentially, in proportion to the pressure inside the reservoir.
  • the hoods using this second type generally contain a source of oxygen to supply a person with oxygen for 15 min.
  • This equipment also has a means of limiting the pressure inside the hood (for example a pressure relief valve).
  • This technology using compressed oxygen in a sealed capacity associated with a calibrated orifice is safer. Nevertheless, in order to be able to respond to certain use cases (significant consumption of oxygen at the end of use corresponding for example to an emergency evacuation of the apparatus), the capacity must have too much volume for the intended purpose.
  • Another solution may be to provide a high initial pressure (greater than 250 bar). This generates a large initial flow, for example more than ten normoliter per minute (Nl / min) to have a sufficient flow at the end of use (for example more than 2Nl / min at the fifteenth minute of use of the equipment ).
  • An object of the present invention is to overcome all or part of the disadvantages of the prior art noted above.
  • An object of the invention may notably be to propose a hood that can supply a relatively large quantity of oxygen at the beginning of use (to prevent hypoxia at high altitude) while allowing the supply of a sufficient quantity of oxygen. at the end of use (after ten or fifteen minutes) to allow evacuation.
  • the hood according to the invention is essentially characterized in that the pressurized oxygen reservoir comprises, upstream of the orifice, a passage for the pressurized gas and a moving needle in a direction of displacement determined in said passage, the needle being subjected to two opposing forces in the direction of displacement and generated respectively on the one hand by the pressure of the gas in the reservoir and on the other hand, by a return member, the needle having a determined profile section variable in the direction of movement to change the degree of closure of the passage according to its position relative to the passage so as to regulate the flow of gas admitted to escape through the passage to the orifice as a function of time and gas pressure in the tank.
  • the invention may also relate to any alternative device or method comprising any combination of the above or below features.
  • the hood illustrated at figure 1 typically comprises a flexible envelope 2 (preferably waterproof) intended to be threaded on the head of a user.
  • a transparent visor 13 is provided on the front face of the casing 2.
  • the hood 1 also comprises a reservoir 3 of oxygen under pressure, arranged for example at the base of the casing 2.
  • the base of the flexible envelope 2 may comprise or form a flexible diaphragm designed to be mounted around the neck of a user to ensure sealing.
  • the hood 1 may comprise a CO2 absorption device (not shown) which communicates with the inside of the casing 2, to remove CO2 from the exhaled air by the user.
  • the envelope 2 may comprise an opening through which the CO2 absorption device is disposed.
  • another opening may be provided for a safety valve 14 provided to prevent overpressure in the casing 2.
  • the oxygen tank 3 may have a generally tubular shape, in particular C-shaped, to allow its arrangement around the neck of a user.
  • the reservoir 3 comprises an outlet orifice 4 opening into the internal volume of the flexible envelope 2, to deliver pure oxygen gas or an oxygen-enriched gas to the user.
  • the reservoir 3 also comprises at least one filling orifice (not shown for the sake of simplification).
  • the outlet orifice 4 is normally closed by a cap 5 removable or breakage arranged and will be open only when used.
  • the orifice 4 communicates the outside with the internal volume of the reservoir 3.
  • the tank 3 of oxygen under pressure (pure or majority) comprises, upstream of the plug 5, a passage 6 for the gas under pressure and a needle 7 movable in a direction A of displacement determined in said passage 6
  • the needle 7 is movable in translation in the direction A of displacement.
  • the passage 6 may be formed in a partition 16 delimiting an intermediate chamber 31 between the outlet orifice 4 and the remainder of the interior volume of the reservoir 3.
  • This partition 16 may be integral with a housing inserted at a level end of the reservoir 3. This housing can integrate the frangible cap 5.
  • the volume of the intermediate chamber 31 corresponds for example to a 10 th to 50 th of the total volume of the reservoir 3.
  • the needle 7 can cooperate with a seal 9 arranged at the passage 6.
  • the needle 7 is subjected to two opposing displacement forces in the direction A and generated respectively on the one hand by the pressure of the gas in the tank 3 and, on the other hand, by a return member 8.
  • the gas pressure in the tank 3 pushes the needle 7 towards the outlet port 4 while the return member 8 (for example a compression spring) pushes the needle 7 in the opposite direction.
  • the needle 7 may thus comprise an end 17 movable in the intermediate chamber 31 on which the spring 8 exerts its force.
  • the needle 7 has a profile section 10 determined variable along the direction A of displacement to change the degree of closure of the passage according to its position relative to the passage 6.
  • This profile 10 which may comprise longitudinal grooves in the direction of movement A, is configured to regulate the flow of admitted gas to escape via the passage 6 to the open outlet port 4 when the plug 5 is removed.
  • the needle 7 has a profile section determined in the direction A of displacement to control the flow of gas admitted to escape via the passage 6 to the orifice 4 calibrated according to a predetermined curve as a function of time and the initial pressure in the tank 3.
  • the reservoir 3 contains gas under pressure including in the intermediate chamber 31 (cf. figure 3 ).
  • the orifice 4 fluidly connects the intermediate chamber 31 with the outside.
  • the intermediate chamber 31 and thus the spring 8 are then found at the external pressure. Gas escapes at a rate controlled by the passage formed between the profile 10 of the needle 7 and the edge of the passage 6.
  • the needle 7 is displaced by the pressure in the reservoir (this force takes over the spring force 8 which is compressed cf. figure 4 ).
  • the spring 8 again moves the needle 7 against the gas pressure (to the left on the figure 4 ).
  • the released flow rate can follow various predetermined changes.
  • This first curve is obtained via a needle 7 having a profiled section determined in the direction A of displacement.
  • This curve provides successive successive stages substantially constant, that is to say that, for a gas initially stored at an initial pressure determined in the tank 3, the flow admitted to escape through the outlet orifice 4 is first substantially constant around a first determined value (for example 3.2 Nl per minute for about 6 minutes). Then this flow then decreases to reach a second substantially constant stage at a determined value around 2Nl / minute (for about 25 minutes).
  • the figure 5 represents in continuous line another more theoretical flow curve that can be approximated by a device according to the invention.
  • This curve comprises a first short step (approximately 1 to 2 minutes) at a relatively high flow rate (approximately 5.2 Nl per minute for example) and then a decrease in flow rate to a second level (for example at approximately 1.8 Nl). per minute for about 35 minutes) before decreasing.
  • the profile of the section of the needle 7 it is possible to determine the general shape of the gas flow curve by the tank 3. This makes it possible to configure the emptying of the gas tank 2 to the user's needs according to the case or the class of use of the hood 1 (high initial flow for an emergency intervention, then stabilization of the flow during the emergency landing and high flow rate during the evacuation phase of the apparatus).
  • the needle 7 may comprise a deformable sealed capsule 27 containing a gas at a predetermined pressure, in particular an altimetric capsule.
  • the altimetric capsule 27 (also called anemometric capsule) may be made of stainless steel, steel or any other suitable material.
  • This capsule 27 constitutes a sealed volume containing a gas at constant pressure (generally at a pressure included near vacuum, for example between 0.1 bar and 1 bar) throughout its lifetime.
  • the gas contained in the capsule 27 is for example air.
  • the change in volume of the capsule 27 moves the needle 7 relative to the body of the tank 1 and varies the distance between the needle 7 and the passage 6 in the direction A of displacement.
  • the flow is thus modified by the modification of the open section at the level of the passage.
  • Such mechanisms are used in pneumatic-mechanical oxygen regulators to provide the altimetric overpressure function. They are also used in the automobile to reduce the intake during braking phases.
  • the figure 7 schematically illustrates a needle 7 whose section is variable and has several bearings 77 of different constant diameter. Such Profile allows to obtain variations of sections at the level of the passage between three constant passage sections.
  • the figure 8 illustrates a needle profile 7 having a section of diameter increasing linearly. This can make it possible to obtain a variable passage section according to the position with respect to the passage 6.
  • the figure 9 illustrates a needle profile 7 comprising a diameter increasing to a constant diameter bearing.
  • a needle profile 7 comprising a diameter increasing to a constant diameter bearing.
  • the embodiments of the figures 2 and 6 may comprise a single filling orifice (preferably distinct and opposite the orifice 4 calibrated output).
  • the movable needle 7 does not require a large stroke in the direction A of displacement, a few millimeters (1 to 4 mm for example) may be sufficient to control flow rates over a period of 15 to 30 minutes for example for all classes ( 1 to 4) uses of the hood 1.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Description

La présente invention concerne un équipement de protection respiratoire couramment appelé cagoule.The present invention relates to a respiratory protection equipment commonly called a hood.

L'invention concerne plus particulièrement une cagoule de protection respiratoire comprenant une enveloppe souple destinée à être enfilée sur la tête d'un utilisateur et un réservoir d'oxygène sous pression comprenant un orifice de sortie débouchant dans le volume interne de l'enveloppe souple, l'orifice de sortie étant obturé par un bouchon amovible ou à rupture aménagée.The invention more particularly relates to a respiratory protection hood comprising a flexible envelope intended to be threaded on the head of a user and a pressurized oxygen tank comprising an outlet opening opening into the internal volume of the flexible envelope, the outlet orifice being closed by a removable plug or breakage arranged.

Ce type de dispositif, qui doit satisfaire à la norme TSO-C-116a est classiquement utilisé à bord des avions lorsque l'atmosphère de la cabine est viciée (dépressurisation, fumée, agents chimiques,...).This type of device, which must meet the TSO-C-116a standard is conventionally used on board aircraft when the cabin atmosphere is flawed (depressurization, smoke, chemical agents, ...).

Ces cagoules doivent notamment permettre au personnel naviguant de combattre l'avarie, porter secours aux passagers et gérer une éventuelle évacuation de l'appareil.These hoods must in particular allow the aircrew to fight the damage, rescue passengers and manage a possible evacuation of the aircraft.

Les spécifications techniques de ces dispositifs sont définies selon des classes d'utilisation (avarie en vol, protection contre l'hypoxie à haute altitude, évacuation d'urgence au sol,...).The technical specifications of these devices are defined according to classes of use (in-flight damage, protection against hypoxia at high altitude, emergency evacuation on the ground, etc.).

Afin de répondre aux exigences d'utilisation, le dispositif doit pouvoir fournir suffisamment d'oxygène à l'utilisateur.In order to meet the requirements of use, the device must be able to provide enough oxygen to the user.

La cagoule peut notamment être prévue pour à la fois empêcher une hypoxie à une altitude de 40000 pieds deux minutes après sa mise en place puis, dans les dernières minutes d'utilisation, fournir suffisamment d'oxygène pour permettre une évacuation.In particular, the hood may be designed to both prevent hypoxia at an altitude of 40000 feet two minutes after placement and then, in the final minutes of use, provide enough oxygen to allow evacuation.

Les équipements de protection respiratoire connus utilisent principalement deux types de source d'oxygène :

  • un pain chimique (encore appelé « chandelle chimique) générant de l'oxygène par combustion (superoxyde de potassium - KO2, Chlorate de sodium - NaClO3,...), ou
  • un réservoir d'oxygène comprimé associée à un orifice calibré.
The known respiratory protection equipment mainly uses two types of oxygen source:
  • a chemical bread (also called "chemical candle") generating oxygen by combustion (potassium superoxide - KO 2 , sodium chlorate - NaClO 3 , ...), or
  • a compressed oxygen reservoir associated with a calibrated orifice.

Le premier type permet de fournir un débit d'oxygène qui croit jusqu'à atteindre un palier relativement constant avant de décroitre rapidement en fin de combustion.The first type provides an oxygen flow rate that grows to reach a relatively constant level before decreasing rapidly at the end of combustion.

Les générateurs du type à chandelle chimique correctement dimensionnés peuvent constituer une source d'oxygène permettant de remplir les conditions recherchées mais cette solution possède un inconvénient majeur : la réaction de combustion de la chandelle est fortement exothermique.Properly sized chemical candle type generators can provide a source of oxygen to fulfill the desired conditions, but this solution has a major disadvantage: the combustion reaction of the candle is highly exothermic.

De ce fait, la température de surface extérieure du dispositif peut facilement dépasser les 200°C et enflammer un éventuel matériel combustible en contact (un accident mortel s'est déjà produit suite à l'activation accidentelle d'une telle chandelle chimique dans un container de transport dans la soute d'un avion).As a result, the outer surface temperature of the device can easily exceed 200 ° C and ignite any combustible material in contact (a fatal accident has already occurred following the accidental activation of such a chemical candle in a container transport in the hold of an airplane).

Ce type de dispositif présente également l'inconvénient de nécessiter un certain temps pour la montée en débit d'oxygène au démarrage. Ceci peut nécessiter l'ajout d'une capacité d'oxygène supplémentaire pour le démarrage. Enfin, ces dispositifs nécessitent des filtres pour retirer les impuretés générées par la réaction de production d'oxygène.This type of device also has the disadvantage of requiring a certain time for the rise in flow of oxygen at startup. This may require the addition of additional oxygen capacity for startup. Finally, these devices require filters to remove impurities generated by the oxygen production reaction.

Le second type (réservoir d'oxygène sous pression associé à un orifice calibré) fournit un débit d'oxygène qui décroit de façon exponentielle, proportionnellement à la pression à l'intérieur de la réserve.The second type (pressurized oxygen tank associated with a calibrated orifice) provides a flow of oxygen that decreases exponentially, in proportion to the pressure inside the reservoir.

Les cagoules utilisant ce second type contiennent ainsi généralement une source d'oxygène permettant d'alimenter une personne en oxygène pendant 15 min. Ces équipements possèdent également un moyen de limitation de la pression à l'intérieur de la cagoule (par exemple une soupape de surpression).The hoods using this second type generally contain a source of oxygen to supply a person with oxygen for 15 min. This equipment also has a means of limiting the pressure inside the hood (for example a pressure relief valve).

Cette technologie utilisant de l'oxygène comprimé dans une capacité scellée associée à un orifice calibré est plus sûre. Néanmoins, afin d'être en mesure de répondre à certain cas d'utilisation (consommation d'oxygène importante en fin d'utilisation correspondant par exemple à une évacuation d'urgence de l'appareil), la capacité doit avoir un volume trop important pour l'encombrement visé. Une autre solution peut être de prévoir une pression initiale élevée (supérieure à 250 bar). Ceci génère un débit initial important par exemple plus de dix normolitre par minute (Nl/min) permettant d'avoir un débit suffisant en fin d'utilisation (par exemple plus de 2Nl/min à la quinzième minute d'utilisation de l'équipement). Un débit d'oxygène excessif, bien qu'avantageux pour assurer la protection contre l'hypoxie, est cependant problématique en cas d'incendie à bord de l'appareil car l'excédent d'oxygène sera évacué de l'équipement au travers de sa soupape de surpression et pourrait alimenter des flammes. De plus, cela nécessite un surdimensionnement du réservoir d'oxygène ce qui est un inconvénient majeur en terme de masse, d'encombrement et de coût. Une cagoules respiratoire connue est par exemple divulguée dans le document FR 2 582 524 A . L'invention concerne une cagoule utilisant un réservoir d'oxygène sous pression.This technology using compressed oxygen in a sealed capacity associated with a calibrated orifice is safer. Nevertheless, in order to be able to respond to certain use cases (significant consumption of oxygen at the end of use corresponding for example to an emergency evacuation of the apparatus), the capacity must have too much volume for the intended purpose. Another solution may be to provide a high initial pressure (greater than 250 bar). This generates a large initial flow, for example more than ten normoliter per minute (Nl / min) to have a sufficient flow at the end of use (for example more than 2Nl / min at the fifteenth minute of use of the equipment ). An excessive flow of oxygen, although advantageous for protection against hypoxia, is however problematic in case of fire on board the aircraft because the excess oxygen will be evacuated from the equipment through its pressure relief valve and could supply flames. Moreover, this requires an oversizing of the oxygen tank which is a major drawback in terms of mass, size and cost. For example, a known respiratory hood is disclosed in the document FR 2 582 524 A . The invention relates to a hood using an oxygen tank under pressure.

Un but de la présente invention est de pallier tout ou partie des inconvénients de l'art antérieur relevés ci-dessus.An object of the present invention is to overcome all or part of the disadvantages of the prior art noted above.

Un but de l'invention peut notamment être de proposer une cagoule permettant de fournir une quantité d'oxygène relativement importante en début d'utilisation (pour empêcher une hypoxie à haute altitude) tout en permettant la fourniture d'une quantité d'oxygène suffisante en fin d'utilisation (après dix ou quinze minutes) pour permettre une évacuation.An object of the invention may notably be to propose a hood that can supply a relatively large quantity of oxygen at the beginning of use (to prevent hypoxia at high altitude) while allowing the supply of a sufficient quantity of oxygen. at the end of use (after ten or fifteen minutes) to allow evacuation.

A cette fin, la cagoule selon l'invention, par ailleurs conforme à la définition générique qu'en donne le préambule ci-dessus, est essentiellement caractérisée en ce que le réservoir d'oxygène sous pression comprend, en amont de l'orifice, un passage pour le gaz sous pression et un pointeau mobile selon une direction de déplacement déterminée dans ledit passage, le pointeau étant soumis à deux efforts opposés selon la direction de déplacement et générés respectivement d'une part par la pression du gaz dans le réservoir et, d'autre part, par un organe de rappel, le pointeau ayant une section de profil déterminé variable selon la direction de déplacement pour modifier le degré de fermeture du passage selon sa position relativement au passage de façon à réguler le débit de gaz admis à s'échapper via le passage vers l'orifice en fonction du temps et de la pression de gaz dans le réservoir.For this purpose, the hood according to the invention, furthermore in accordance with the generic definition given in the preamble above, is essentially characterized in that the pressurized oxygen reservoir comprises, upstream of the orifice, a passage for the pressurized gas and a moving needle in a direction of displacement determined in said passage, the needle being subjected to two opposing forces in the direction of displacement and generated respectively on the one hand by the pressure of the gas in the reservoir and on the other hand, by a return member, the needle having a determined profile section variable in the direction of movement to change the degree of closure of the passage according to its position relative to the passage so as to regulate the flow of gas admitted to escape through the passage to the orifice as a function of time and gas pressure in the tank.

Par ailleurs, des modes de réalisation de l'invention peuvent comporter l'une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes :

  • le pointeau a une section de profil déterminé selon la direction de déplacement pour contrôler le débit de gaz admis à s'échapper via le passage vers l'orifice selon une courbe prédéterminée en fonction du temps et de la pression de gaz initiale dans le réservoir,
  • le pointeau a une section de profil déterminé selon la direction de déplacement pour contrôler le débit de gaz admis à s'échapper via le passage vers l'orifice en fonction du temps selon une courbe comprenant une première phase délivrant un premier débit compris entre 3Nl/min et 8Nl/min lorsque la pression dans le réservoir est compris entre 250 bar et 100bar puis une seconde phase délivrant un second débit compris entre 2 Nl/min et 5Nl/min lorsque la pression dans le réservoir est comprise 100 bar et 30bar,
  • le pointeau a une section de profil déterminé selon la direction de déplacement, pour contrôler le débit de gaz admis à s'échapper du réservoir via le passage vers l'orifice en fonction du temps selon une courbe présentant des paliers successifs sensiblement constants, c'est-à-dire que, pour un gaz initialement stocké à une pression initiale comprise entre 250 bar et 100 bar dans le réservoir, les paliers présentent une diminution de débit inférieure à 1Nl/min, lesdits paliers comprenant un premier palier de débit compris entre 3 et 6 Nl (normolitre) par minute pendant une durée comprise entre une et cinq minutes après le début de l'ouverture de l'orifice calibré, et un second palier de débit compris entre 1,6 et 3 Nl par minute pendant une durée comprise entre 5 et 25 minutes après le début de l'ouverture de l'orifice calibré,
  • le passage est formé dans une cloison délimitant une chambre intermédiaire entre l'orifice calibré et le reste du volume intérieur du réservoir, ladite chambre intermédiaire étant mise à la pression extérieure via l'orifice calibré lors de l'ouverture du bouchon d'obturation,
  • le pointeau comprend une extrémité mobile dans la chambre intermédiaire, l'organe de rappel étant logé dans la chambre intermédiaire et exerçant son effort sur cette extrémité,
  • le pointeau a une section de diamètre croissant,
  • le pointeau présente un profil de diamètre croissant et muni d'au moins un palier de diamètre constant
  • le pointeau comporte une capsule étanche déformable contenant un gaz à une pression déterminée, notamment une capsule altimétrique, ladite capsule étant en appui contre au moins une paroi du réservoir et se déformant selon la pression au sein du réservoir pour provoquer un déplacement déterminé du pointeau selon une direction de déplacement en fonction de la pression dans le réservoir,
  • l'enveloppe souple est étanche,
  • le réservoir d'oxygène est solidaire de la base de l'enveloppe souple,
  • le réservoir d'oxygène a une forme générale tubulaire, notamment en forme de C, pour permettre sa disposition autour du cou d'un utilisateur,
  • la base de l'enveloppe souple forme un diaphragme souple destiné à être monté autour du cou d'un utilisateur,
  • la cagoule comprend un dispositif d'absorption du CO2 qui communique avec l'intérieur de l'enveloppe,
  • l'enveloppe comporte une ouverture en travers de laquelle est disposé le dispositif d'absorption de CO2,
  • la capsule est constituée d'au moins l'un des matériaux parmi : un acier, un alliage de cuivre ou de bronze,
  • le pointeau est dimensionné pour que des variations de pression de 350bar dans le réservoir provoquent un déplacement en translation du pointeau selon la direction sur une distance comprise entre 1 à 10 mm et de préférence comprise entre 1 à 4 mm.
Furthermore, embodiments of the invention may include one or more of the following features:
  • the needle has a section of profile determined in the direction of displacement to control the flow of gas admitted to escape via the passage to the orifice in a predetermined curve as a function of time and the initial gas pressure in the tank,
  • the needle has a section of profile determined in the direction of displacement to control the flow of gas admitted to escape via the passage to the orifice as a function of time along a curve comprising a first phase delivering a first flow rate between 3Nl / min and 8Nl / min when the pressure in the tank is between 250 bar and 100bar and a second phase delivering a second flow rate between 2 Nl / min and 5Nl / min when the pressure in the tank is 100 bar and 30bar,
  • the needle has a section of profile determined in the direction of displacement, to control the flow of gas admitted to escape from the reservoir via the passage to the orifice as a function of time in a curve having successive substantially constant stages, that is, for a gas initially stored at an initial pressure of between 250 bar and 100 bar in the tank, the bearings have a flow reduction of less than 1Nl / min, said bearings comprising a first flow rate level between 3 and 6 Nl (normolitre) per minute for a period of time between one and five minutes after the opening of the calibrated orifice, and a second flow rate of between 1.6 and 3 Nl per minute for a period of time between 5 and 25 minutes after the beginning of the opening of the calibrated orifice,
  • the passage is formed in a partition delimiting an intermediate chamber between the calibrated orifice and the remainder of the internal volume of the reservoir, said intermediate chamber being put to the external pressure via the orifice calibrated during the opening of the closure cap,
  • the needle comprises a movable end in the intermediate chamber, the return member being housed in the intermediate chamber and exerting its force on this end,
  • the needle has a section of increasing diameter,
  • the needle has an increasing diameter profile and provided with at least one constant diameter bearing
  • the needle comprises a deformable waterproof capsule containing a gas at a predetermined pressure, in particular an altimetric capsule, said capsule being in abutment against at least one wall of the reservoir and deforming according to the pressure within the reservoir to cause a determined displacement of the needle according to a direction of displacement as a function of the pressure in the reservoir,
  • the flexible envelope is waterproof,
  • the oxygen tank is secured to the base of the flexible envelope,
  • the oxygen tank has a generally tubular shape, in particular C-shaped, to allow its arrangement around the neck of a user,
  • the base of the flexible envelope forms a flexible diaphragm intended to be mounted around the neck of a user,
  • the hood comprises a CO2 absorption device which communicates with the inside of the envelope,
  • the envelope has an opening through which the CO2 absorption device is arranged,
  • the capsule consists of at least one of: a steel, an alloy of copper or bronze,
  • the needle is dimensioned so that pressure variations of 350bar in the reservoir cause displacement in translation of the needle in the direction over a distance of between 1 to 10 mm and preferably between 1 to 4 mm.

L'invention peut concerner également tout dispositif ou procédé alternatif comprenant toute combinaison des caractéristiques ci-dessus ou ci-dessous.The invention may also relate to any alternative device or method comprising any combination of the above or below features.

D'autres particularités et avantages apparaîtront à la lecture de la description ci-après, faite en référence aux figures dans lesquelles :

  • la figure 1 représente une vue de face et schématique illustrant un exemple de cagoule selon l'invention,
  • la figure 2 illustre en coupe d'un détail de la cagoule de la figure 1 illustrant un premier mode de réalisation du réservoir d'oxygène sous pression,
  • les figures 3 et 4 représentent des vues en coupe agrandies d'un détail de réservoir de la figure 2 selon respectivement deux configurations de fonctionnement,
  • la figure 5 illustre un exemple de courbes de débit d'oxygène pouvant être fourni par un réservoir selon la figure 2,
  • la figure 6 représente une vue en coupe d'un détail de la cagoule de la figure 1 illustrant un second mode de réalisation du réservoir d'oxygène sous pression, les deux moitiés de la coupe correspondant respectivement à deux configurations de fonctionnement,
  • les figures 7 à 9 représentent des vues partielle set schématique de trois variantes de réalisation d'un pointeau utilisable dans un réservoir selon l'invention.
Other particularities and advantages will appear on reading the following description, made with reference to the figures in which:
  • the figure 1 represents a schematic front view illustrating an example of a hood according to the invention,
  • the figure 2 illustrates in section a detail of the hood of the figure 1 illustrating a first embodiment of the oxygen tank under pressure,
  • the Figures 3 and 4 represent enlarged sectional views of a reservoir detail of the figure 2 according to respectively two operating configurations,
  • the figure 5 illustrates an example of oxygen flow curves that can be provided by a tank according to the figure 2 ,
  • the figure 6 represents a sectional view of a detail of the hood of the figure 1 illustrating a second embodiment of the oxygen tank under pressure, the two halves of the cup respectively corresponding to two operating configurations,
  • the Figures 7 to 9 are partial diagrammatic views of three embodiments of a needle used in a reservoir according to the invention.

La cagoule illustrée à la figure 1 comprend classiquement une enveloppe 2 souple (de préférence étanche) destinée à être enfilée sur la tête d'un utilisateur. Une visière 13 transparente est prévue sur la face avant de l'enveloppe 2. La cagoule 1 comprend également un réservoir 3 d'oxygène sous pression, disposé par exemple au niveau de la base de l'enveloppe 2.The hood illustrated at figure 1 typically comprises a flexible envelope 2 (preferably waterproof) intended to be threaded on the head of a user. A transparent visor 13 is provided on the front face of the casing 2. The hood 1 also comprises a reservoir 3 of oxygen under pressure, arranged for example at the base of the casing 2.

Classiquement, la base de l'enveloppe 2 souple peut comporter ou former un diaphragme souple destiné à être monté autour du cou d'un utilisateur afin d'assurer l'étanchéité.Conventionally, the base of the flexible envelope 2 may comprise or form a flexible diaphragm designed to be mounted around the neck of a user to ensure sealing.

Classiquement également, la cagoule 1 peut comporter un dispositif d'absorption du CO2 (non représenté) qui communique avec l'intérieur de l'enveloppe 2, pour retirer le CO2 de l'air expiré par l'utilisateur. Par exemple, l'enveloppe 2 peut comporter une ouverture en travers de laquelle est disposé le dispositif d'absorption de CO2. De même, une autre ouverture peut être prévue pour une soupape 14 de sécurité prévue pour éviter une surpression dans l'enveloppe 2.Also conventionally, the hood 1 may comprise a CO2 absorption device (not shown) which communicates with the inside of the casing 2, to remove CO2 from the exhaled air by the user. For example, the envelope 2 may comprise an opening through which the CO2 absorption device is disposed. Similarly, another opening may be provided for a safety valve 14 provided to prevent overpressure in the casing 2.

Comme illustré à la figure 1, le réservoir 3 d'oxygène peut avoir une forme générale tubulaire, notamment en forme de C, pour permettre sa disposition autour du cou d'un utilisateur.As illustrated in figure 1 , the oxygen tank 3 may have a generally tubular shape, in particular C-shaped, to allow its arrangement around the neck of a user.

Comme illustré à la figure 2, le réservoir 3 comprend un orifice 4 de sortie débouchant dans le volume interne de l'enveloppe 2 souple, pour délivrer de l'oxygène gazeux pur ou un gaz enrichi en oxygène à l'utilisateur. Le réservoir 3 comprend également au moins un orifice de remplissage (non représenté par soucis de simplification).As illustrated in figure 2 , the reservoir 3 comprises an outlet orifice 4 opening into the internal volume of the flexible envelope 2, to deliver pure oxygen gas or an oxygen-enriched gas to the user. The reservoir 3 also comprises at least one filling orifice (not shown for the sake of simplification).

L'orifice 4 de sortie est normalement obturé par un bouchon 5 amovible ou à rupture aménagée et qui ne sera ouvert qu'en cas d'utilisation.The outlet orifice 4 is normally closed by a cap 5 removable or breakage arranged and will be open only when used.

Par exemple lorsque le bouchon 5 est brisé/retiré, l'orifice 4 fait communiquer l'extérieur avec le volume interne du réservoir 3.For example, when the plug 5 is broken / removed, the orifice 4 communicates the outside with the internal volume of the reservoir 3.

Selon une caractéristique avantageuse, le réservoir 3 d'oxygène sous pression (pur ou majoritaire) comprend, en amont du bouchon 5, un passage 6 pour le gaz sous pression et un pointeau 7 mobile selon une direction A de déplacement déterminée dans ledit passage 6. De préférence, le pointeau 7 est mobile en translation selon la direction A de déplacement.According to an advantageous characteristic, the tank 3 of oxygen under pressure (pure or majority) comprises, upstream of the plug 5, a passage 6 for the gas under pressure and a needle 7 movable in a direction A of displacement determined in said passage 6 Preferably, the needle 7 is movable in translation in the direction A of displacement.

Comme visible dans l'exemple des figures 2 à 4, le passage 6 peut être formé dans une cloison 16 délimitant une chambre 31 intermédiaire entre l'orifice 4 de sortie et le reste du volume intérieur du réservoir 3. Cette cloison 16 séparatrice peut être solidaire d'un boîtier inséré au niveau d'une extrémité du réservoir 3. Ce boîtier peut intégrer le bouchon 5 frangible. Le volume de la chambre 31 intermédiaire correspond par exemple à un 10ème à 50ème du volume total du réservoir 3.As seen in the example of Figures 2 to 4 , the passage 6 may be formed in a partition 16 delimiting an intermediate chamber 31 between the outlet orifice 4 and the remainder of the interior volume of the reservoir 3. This partition 16 may be integral with a housing inserted at a level end of the reservoir 3. This housing can integrate the frangible cap 5. The volume of the intermediate chamber 31 corresponds for example to a 10 th to 50 th of the total volume of the reservoir 3.

Le pointeau 7 peut coopérer avec un joint 9 disposé au niveau du passage 6.The needle 7 can cooperate with a seal 9 arranged at the passage 6.

Le pointeau 7 est soumis à deux efforts de déplacement opposés selon la direction A et générés respectivement d'une part par la pression du gaz dans le réservoir 3 et, d'autre part, par un organe 8 de rappel.The needle 7 is subjected to two opposing displacement forces in the direction A and generated respectively on the one hand by the pressure of the gas in the tank 3 and, on the other hand, by a return member 8.

Par exemple, la pression de gaz dans le réservoir 3 pousse le pointeau 7 en direction de l'orifice 4 de sortie tandis que l'organe 8 de rappel (par exemple un ressort de compression) repousse le pointeau 7 dans le sens opposé. Le pointeau 7 peut ainsi comprendre une extrémité 17 mobile dans la chambre 31 intermédiaire sur laquelle le ressort 8 exerce son effort.For example, the gas pressure in the tank 3 pushes the needle 7 towards the outlet port 4 while the return member 8 (for example a compression spring) pushes the needle 7 in the opposite direction. The needle 7 may thus comprise an end 17 movable in the intermediate chamber 31 on which the spring 8 exerts its force.

Le pointeau 7 présente une section de profil 10 déterminé variable selon la direction A de déplacement pour modifier le degré de fermeture du passage selon sa position relativement au passage 6. Ce profil 10, qui peut comporter des rainures longitudinale selon la direction A de déplacement, est conformé pour réguler le débit de gaz admis à s'échapper via le passage 6 vers l'orifice 4 de sortie ouvert lorsque le bouchon 5 est retiré.The needle 7 has a profile section 10 determined variable along the direction A of displacement to change the degree of closure of the passage according to its position relative to the passage 6. This profile 10, which may comprise longitudinal grooves in the direction of movement A, is configured to regulate the flow of admitted gas to escape via the passage 6 to the open outlet port 4 when the plug 5 is removed.

De cette façon, le pointeau 7 a une section de profil déterminé selon la direction A de déplacement pour contrôler le débit de gaz admis à s'échapper via le passage 6 vers l'orifice 4 calibré selon une courbe prédéterminée en fonction du temps et de la pression initiale dans le réservoir 3.In this way, the needle 7 has a profile section determined in the direction A of displacement to control the flow of gas admitted to escape via the passage 6 to the orifice 4 calibrated according to a predetermined curve as a function of time and the initial pressure in the tank 3.

Par exemple, le pointeau 7 a une section de profil 10 déterminé selon la direction A de déplacement pour contrôler le débit de gaz admis à s'échapper selon une courbe comprenant une première phase délivrant un premier débit compris entre 3 Nl/min et 8 Nl/min (Nl=normolitre) lorsque la pression dans le réservoir est compris entre 250 bar et 100 bar puis une seconde phase délivrant un second débit compris entre 2 Nl/min et 5 Nl/min lorsque la pression dans le réservoir 3 est comprise 100 bar et 30 bar.For example, the needle 7 has a profile section 10 determined according to the displacement direction A for controlling the flow of admitted gas to escape in a curve comprising a first phase delivering a first flow rate of between 3 Nl / min and 8 Nl / min (Nl = normolitre) when the pressure in the tank is between 250 bar and 100 bar then a second phase delivering a second flow rate between 2 Nl / min and 5 Nl / min when the pressure in the tank 3 is 100 bar and 30 bar.

Lorsque le bouchon 5 est en place, le réservoir 3 contient du gaz sous pression y compris dans la chambre 31 intermédiaire (cf. figure 3).When the cap 5 is in place, the reservoir 3 contains gas under pressure including in the intermediate chamber 31 (cf. figure 3 ).

Lorsque le bouchon 5 est brisé, l'orifice 4 met en relation fluidique la chambre 31 intermédiaire avec l'extérieur. La chambre 31 intermédiaire et donc le ressort 8 se retrouvent alors à la pression extérieure. Du gaz s'échappe avec un débit contrôlé par le passage ménagé entre le profil 10 du pointeau 7 et la bordure du passage 6. Le pointeau 7 est déplacé par la pression dans le réservoir (cet effort prend le dessus sur l'effort du ressort 8 qui se trouve comprimé cf. figure 4).When the cap 5 is broken, the orifice 4 fluidly connects the intermediate chamber 31 with the outside. The intermediate chamber 31 and thus the spring 8 are then found at the external pressure. Gas escapes at a rate controlled by the passage formed between the profile 10 of the needle 7 and the edge of the passage 6. The needle 7 is displaced by the pressure in the reservoir (this force takes over the spring force 8 which is compressed cf. figure 4 ).

A mesure que la pression de gaz diminue dans le réservoir 3, le ressort 8 déplace à nouveau le pointeau 7 à l'encontre de la pression de gaz (vers la gauche sur la figure 4). Selon le profil 10 d'usinage choisi pour le pointeau 7, le débit libéré peut suivre différentes évolutions prédéterminées.As the gas pressure decreases in the tank 3, the spring 8 again moves the needle 7 against the gas pressure (to the left on the figure 4 ). According to the machining profile chosen for the needle 7, the released flow rate can follow various predetermined changes.

Un tel exemple de variation de débit de gaz fourni (en normolitre Nl c'est-à-dire en litre de gaz dans des conditions de température T=0°C et de pression P=1atm déterminées) en fonction du temps (en seconde) est représenté par une première courbe munie de croix à la figure 5.Such an example of gas flow rate variation provided (in normoliter Nl that is to say in liter of gas under conditions of temperature T = 0 ° C and pressure P = 1atm determined) as a function of time (in seconds ) is represented by a first curve with a cross at the figure 5 .

Cette première courbe est obtenue via un pointeau 7 ayant une section de profil déterminé selon la direction A de déplacement. Cette courbe ménage des paliers successifs sensiblement constants, c'est-à-dire que, pour un gaz initialement stocké à une pression initiale déterminée dans le réservoir 3, le débit admis à s'échapper par l'orifice 4 de sortie est d'abord sensiblement constant autour d'une première valeur déterminée (par exemple 3,2 Nl par minute pendant 6 minutes environ). Puis ce débit décroît ensuite pour atteindre un second palier sensiblement constant à une valeur déterminée autour de 2Nl/minute (pendant 25 minutes environ).This first curve is obtained via a needle 7 having a profiled section determined in the direction A of displacement. This curve provides successive successive stages substantially constant, that is to say that, for a gas initially stored at an initial pressure determined in the tank 3, the flow admitted to escape through the outlet orifice 4 is first substantially constant around a first determined value (for example 3.2 Nl per minute for about 6 minutes). Then this flow then decreases to reach a second substantially constant stage at a determined value around 2Nl / minute (for about 25 minutes).

La figure 5 représente en trait continu une autre courbe de débit plus théorique pouvant être approchée par un dispositif selon l'invention. Cette courbe comprend un premier palier court (1 à 2 minute environ) à un débit relativement élevé (environ 5,2 Nl par minute par exemple) puis une décroissance du débit jusqu'à un second palier (par exemple à environ 1,8 Nl par minute pendant 35 minutes environ) avant de décroître.The figure 5 represents in continuous line another more theoretical flow curve that can be approximated by a device according to the invention. This curve comprises a first short step (approximately 1 to 2 minutes) at a relatively high flow rate (approximately 5.2 Nl per minute for example) and then a decrease in flow rate to a second level (for example at approximately 1.8 Nl). per minute for about 35 minutes) before decreasing.

Ainsi, en choisissant le profil de la section du pointeau 7 il est possible de déterminer la forme générale de la courbe de débit de gaz par le réservoir 3. Ceci permet de configurer la vidange du réservoir 2 de gaz aux besoins de l'utilisateur selon le cas ou la classe d'utilisation de la cagoule 1 (fort débit initial pour une intervention d'urgence, puis stabilisation du débit pendant l'atterrissage d'urgence et débit élevé durant la phase d'évacuation de l'appareil).Thus, by choosing the profile of the section of the needle 7 it is possible to determine the general shape of the gas flow curve by the tank 3. This makes it possible to configure the emptying of the gas tank 2 to the user's needs according to the case or the class of use of the hood 1 (high initial flow for an emergency intervention, then stabilization of the flow during the emergency landing and high flow rate during the evacuation phase of the apparatus).

Comme illustré à la figure 6, le pointeau 7 peut comporter une capsule 27 étanche déformable contenant un gaz à une pression déterminée, notamment une capsule altimétrique. La capsule 27 altimétrique (également appelée capsule anémométrique) peut être réalisée en inox, en acier ou tout autre matériau approprié. Cette capsule 27 constitue un volume étanche contenant un gaz à pression constante (généralement à une pression compris proche du vide, par exemple entre 0.1 bar et 1 bar) pendant toute sa durée de vie. Le gaz contenu dans la capsule 27 est par exemple de l'air.As illustrated in figure 6 , the needle 7 may comprise a deformable sealed capsule 27 containing a gas at a predetermined pressure, in particular an altimetric capsule. The altimetric capsule 27 (also called anemometric capsule) may be made of stainless steel, steel or any other suitable material. This capsule 27 constitutes a sealed volume containing a gas at constant pressure (generally at a pressure included near vacuum, for example between 0.1 bar and 1 bar) throughout its lifetime. The gas contained in the capsule 27 is for example air.

Lorsque la pression dans le réservoir 3 est importante (150bar par exemple), la capsule 27 est comprimée (cf. la partie haute de la figure 6). En revanche, à mesure que la pression à l'intérieur du réservoir 3 diminue, le volume de la capacité augmente. Cette augmentation de volume de la capsule déplace par réaction le pointeau 7 vers une position d'ouverture plus grande (cf. partie basse de la figure 6 (et inversement).When the pressure in the tank 3 is high (150bar for example), the capsule 27 is compressed (see the upper part of the figure 6 ). On the other hand, as the pressure inside the tank 3 decreases, the volume of the capacity increases. This increase in volume of the capsule displaces the needle 7 by a reaction towards a larger opening position (see lower part of FIG. figure 6 (and vice versa).

En effet, la variation de volume de la capsule 27 déplace le pointeau 7 par rapport au corps du réservoir 1 et fait varier la distance entre le pointeau 7 et le passage 6 selon la direction A de déplacement. Le débit est donc modifié par la modification de la section ouverte au niveau du passage.Indeed, the change in volume of the capsule 27 moves the needle 7 relative to the body of the tank 1 and varies the distance between the needle 7 and the passage 6 in the direction A of displacement. The flow is thus modified by the modification of the open section at the level of the passage.

De tels mécanismes sont utilisés dans les régulateurs d'oxygène pneumatico-mécaniques pour assurer la fonction de surpression altimétrique. Ils sont également utilisés dans l'automobile pour réduire l'admission lors des phases de freinage.Such mechanisms are used in pneumatic-mechanical oxygen regulators to provide the altimetric overpressure function. They are also used in the automobile to reduce the intake during braking phases.

Selon le profil du pointeau 7, différents types de profils de débit peuvent être obtenu.Depending on the profile of the needle 7, different types of flow profiles can be obtained.

La figure 7 illustre schématiquement un pointeau 7 dont la section est variable et présente plusieurs paliers 77 de diamètre constant différents. Un tel profil permet d'obtenir des variations de sections au niveau du passage entre trois sections de passage constantes.The figure 7 schematically illustrates a needle 7 whose section is variable and has several bearings 77 of different constant diameter. Such Profile allows to obtain variations of sections at the level of the passage between three constant passage sections.

La figure 8 illustre un profil de pointeau 7 ayant une section de diamètre croissant linéairement. Ceci peut permettre d'obtenir une section de passage variable selon la position par rapport au passage 6.The figure 8 illustrates a needle profile 7 having a section of diameter increasing linearly. This can make it possible to obtain a variable passage section according to the position with respect to the passage 6.

La figure 9 illustre un profile de pointeau 7 comprenant un diamètre croissant jusqu'à un palier de diamètre constant. Un tel profil permet d'obtenir une section de passage variable en fonction de la position selon la direction A de déplacement puis une section de passage constante.The figure 9 illustrates a needle profile 7 comprising a diameter increasing to a constant diameter bearing. Such a profile makes it possible to obtain a variable passage section as a function of the position in the direction of displacement A and then a constant passage section.

Bien entendu, d'autres profils peuvent être envisagés (section de diamètre variable non linéairement...).Of course, other profiles can be envisaged (non-linearly variable diameter section ...).

Les modes de réalisation des figures 2 et 6 peuvent comporter un seul orifice de remplissage (de préférence distinct et opposé à l'orifice 4 calibré de sortie).The embodiments of the figures 2 and 6 may comprise a single filling orifice (preferably distinct and opposite the orifice 4 calibrated output).

Ces modes de réalisation donnés à titre d'exemple permettent un contrôle du débit fourni à l'enveloppe 2 de la cagoule avec une grande liberté de dimensionnement.These embodiments given by way of example allow control of the flow rate supplied to the casing 2 of the hood with a great freedom of dimensioning.

De plus, le pointeau 7 mobile ne nécessite pas de course importante selon la direction A de déplacement, quelques millimètres (1 à 4mm par exemple) peuvent suffire pour contrôler des débits sur une durée de 15 à 30 minutes par exemple pour toutes les classes (1 à 4) d'utilisations de la cagoule 1.In addition, the movable needle 7 does not require a large stroke in the direction A of displacement, a few millimeters (1 to 4 mm for example) may be sufficient to control flow rates over a period of 15 to 30 minutes for example for all classes ( 1 to 4) uses of the hood 1.

Claims (12)

  1. Respiratory protection hood comprising a flexible shell (2) intended to be put on a user's head and a pressurised oxygen tank (3) comprising an outlet orifice (4) leading into the inner volume of the flexible shell (2), the outlet orifice (4) being sealed by a removable cap (5) or having a fitted breaking system,
    the pressurised oxygen tank (3) comprising upstream from the orifice (4), a passage (6) for the pressurised gas, characterised in that the pressurised oxygen tank (3) comprises a needle valve (7) movable along a defined direction (A) of movement in said passage (6), the needle valve (7) being subjected to two opposing loads along the direction (A) of movement and generated respectively, on one hand, by the pressure of the gas in the tank (3) and, on the other, by a return member (8), the needle valve (7) having a variable profile section defined along the direction (A) of movement to modify the degree of closure of the passage according to the position thereof relative to the passage (6) so as to regulate the gas flow rate allowed to escape via the passage (6) to the orifice (4) as a function of time and the gas pressure in the tank (3).
  2. Hood according to claim 1, characterised in that the needle valve (7) has a profile section defined along the direction (A) of movement to control the gas flow rate allowed to escape via the passage (6) to the orifice (4) according to a predefined curve as a function of time and the initial gas pressure in the tank (3).
  3. Hood according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the needle valve (7) has a profile section defined along the direction (A) of movement to control the gas flow rate allowed to escape via the passage (6) to the orifice (4) as a function of time according to a curve comprising a first phase delivering a first flow rate between 3NI/min and 8Nl/min when the pressure in the tank (3) is between 250 bar and 100 bar followed by a second phase delivering a second flow rate between 2 Nl/min and 5 Nl/min when the pressure in the tank (3) is between 100 bar and 30 bar.
  4. Hood according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the needle valve (7) has a profile section defined along the direction (A) of movement, to control the gas flow rate allowed to escape from the tank (3) via the passage (6) to the orifice (4) as a function of time according to a curve exhibiting substantially constant successive levels, that is to say that, for a gas initially stored at an initial pressure between 250 bar and 100 bar in the tank, the levels exhibit a flow rate reduction less than 1Nl/min, said levels comprising a first flow rate level between 3 and 6 Nl (normal litre) per minute for a duration between one and first minutes after the start of opening of the calibrated orifice (4), and a second flow rate level between 1.6 and 3 Nl per minute for a duration between 5 and 25 minutes after the start of opening of the calibrated orifice (4).
  5. Hood according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the passage (6) is formed in a partition (16) defining an intermediate chamber (31) between the calibrated orifice (4) and the remainder of the internal volume of the tank (3), said the intermediate chamber (31) being placed at the external pressure via the calibrated orifice (4) on opening the sealing cap (5).
  6. Hood according to claim 5, characterised in that the needle valve (7) comprises a movable end (17) in the intermediate chamber (31) and in that the return member (8) is housed in the intermediate chamber (31) and applies the load thereof on this end (17).
  7. Hood according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the needle valve (7) has a section of increasing diameter.
  8. Hood according to claim 7, characterised in that the needle valve (7) has a profile of increasing diameter and equipped with at least one bearing (77) of constant diameter.
  9. Hood according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the needle valve (7) includes a tight deformable capsule (27) containing a gas at a defined pressure, particularly an altimetric capsule, said capsule (27) bearing against at least one wall of the tank (3) and deforming according to the pressure inside the tank (3) to induce a defined movement of the needle valve (7) along a direction (A) of movement according to the pressure in the tank (3).
  10. Hood according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the flexible shell (2) is tight.
  11. Hood according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterised in that the oxygen tank (3) is rigidly connected to the base of the flexible shell (2).
  12. Hood according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterised in that the oxygen tank (3) has a general tubular shape, particularly C-shaped, to enable the arrangement thereof around a user's neck.
EP14727879.0A 2013-06-12 2014-05-02 Respiratory protection equipment Active EP3007775B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR1355432A FR3006900B1 (en) 2013-06-12 2013-06-12 RESPIRATORY PROTECTION EQUIPMENT
PCT/FR2014/051047 WO2014199028A1 (en) 2013-06-12 2014-05-02 Respiratory protection equipment

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EP3007775A1 EP3007775A1 (en) 2016-04-20
EP3007775B1 true EP3007775B1 (en) 2017-12-27

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US (1) US10335617B2 (en)
EP (1) EP3007775B1 (en)
JP (1) JP6612218B2 (en)
CN (1) CN105263586B (en)
CA (1) CA2912326C (en)
FR (1) FR3006900B1 (en)
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WO (1) WO2014199028A1 (en)

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CA2912326A1 (en) 2014-12-18
US10335617B2 (en) 2019-07-02
CN105263586A (en) 2016-01-20
JP6612218B2 (en) 2019-11-27
RU2016100183A (en) 2017-07-17
EP3007775A1 (en) 2016-04-20
JP2016520406A (en) 2016-07-14
FR3006900A1 (en) 2014-12-19
CN105263586B (en) 2021-07-23
US20160151649A1 (en) 2016-06-02
RU2655237C2 (en) 2018-05-24
WO2014199028A1 (en) 2014-12-18
FR3006900B1 (en) 2015-05-29
CA2912326C (en) 2020-08-04

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