Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C26/00—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00
  • C23C26/02—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00 applying molten material to the substrate
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
  • C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
  • C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
  • C23C4/06—Metallic material
  • C23C4/08—Metallic material containing only metal elements
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
  • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
  • F01D5/12—Blades
  • F01D5/28—Selecting particular materials; Particular measures relating thereto; Measures against erosion or corrosion
  • F01D5/286—Particular treatment of blades, e.g. to increase durability or resistance against corrosion or erosion
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
  • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
  • F01D5/12—Blades
  • F01D5/28—Selecting particular materials; Particular measures relating thereto; Measures against erosion or corrosion
  • F01D5/288—Protective coatings for blades
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
  • F02B77/00—Component parts, details or accessories, not otherwise provided for
  • F02B77/02—Surface coverings of combustion-gas-swept parts
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
  • F02B77/00—Component parts, details or accessories, not otherwise provided for
  • F02B77/04—Cleaning of, preventing corrosion or erosion in, or preventing unwanted deposits in, combustion engines
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
  • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
  • F23G5/48—Preventing corrosion
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
  • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
  • F23R3/002—Wall structures
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
  • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
  • F05D2220/00—Application
  • F05D2220/40—Application in turbochargers
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
  • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
  • F05D2230/00—Manufacture
  • F05D2230/90—Coating; Surface treatment
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F23M2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion chambers
  • F23M2900/05004—Special materials for walls or lining

Definitions

• the invention relates to a workpiece with protection against high-temperature corrosion by melting phases, e.g. low-melting Vanadatphasen, a reciprocating internal combustion engine, in particular two-stroke large diesel engine, an incinerator and a use for protection against high temperature corrosion according to the preamble of the independent claim of the respective category.
• melting phases e.g. low-melting Vanadatphasen
• a reciprocating internal combustion engine in particular two-stroke large diesel engine
• an incinerator an incinerator and a use for protection against high temperature corrosion according to the preamble of the independent claim of the respective category.
• Protective coatings against high temperature corrosion are well known in the art.
• surface protective layers which offer high resistance to corrosion, in particular to oxidation or sulfidation at high temperatures and in chemically aggressive environments. They are produced, for example, by thermal spraying, with MCrAlY layers being widely used as high-temperature corrosion protection.
• the metal M may, for example, iron, cobalt or nickel or an alloy of these or others Be metals.
• Aluminum-chromium layers, which are formed for example by Chromalit Schl show in many applications, a more or less good resistance to high-temperature corrosion, especially in sulfate-containing media.
• the phenomenon of high-temperature corrosion can occur wherever relatively high process temperatures of several 100 ° C to well over 1000 ° C prevail, often not only the high temperatures are responsible as such for the occurrence of corrosive effects, but also to meet chemically aggressive environmental conditions for example, due to combustion products or other chemical reaction products, or may be caused by additions to fuels, lubricants, etc.
• combustion plants for example the components of a combustion chamber of a waste incineration plant, or of course the components of a combustion chamber of a land- or air-supported turbine, especially the turbine blades, the walls of the combustion chamber, the Fuel injection systems and exhaust systems of turbines.
• the expert of course a variety of other workpieces are known, which are threatened as components of various devices of high temperature corrosion.
• molten phases may contain vanadates, especially for the combustion of heavy oil, such as, for example, sodium vanadylvanadates, which are detectable by X-ray, among other things.
• the melting that is, the occurrence of the molten, eg vanadium phases contained from about 400 ° C can be observed.
• molten phases are capable of chemically decomposing protective oxide layers grown on a metal, so that the underlying metal is vulnerable to attack by high-temperature corrosion.
• the entrainment of the necessary alloying elements with the lubricating oil and / or the fuel or fuel is not readily possible in all cases, since the alloying elements can enter into physical and / or chemical reactions with the lubricating oil and / or the fuel or fuel, for example lead that the corresponding alloying element is then no longer available for the formation of, for example, the high-melting vanadates available. It is also possible that by the aforementioned physical and / or chemical reactions certain properties, such as the lubricating oil, are changed so much that the lubricating oil, for example, completely or partially loses its lubricating effect, resulting in significant damage to a corresponding machine can.
• the materials from which, for example, a known surface coating is applied relatively expensive because they consist on the one hand of a variety of relatively expensive basic substances and on the other hand, the production, such as in the case of thermal spraying, relatively expensive.
• the known protective layers always optimized with respect to certain corrosion processes, so that ultimately a certain surface protection layer always represents a compromise, so that although the high-temperature corrosion is minimized, it is ultimately not prevented to the necessary extent.
• the known surface layers are often not resistant to deep-melting phases and are dissolved or detached from them, for example, or have a certain permeability, for example for the low-melting vanadates, so that they have their corrosive effect on the workpiece, eg on a piston of a Internal combustion engine, despite surface protection layer can develop.
• the invention thus relates to a workpiece with protection against high-temperature corrosion by deep-melting vanadate phases, wherein the workpiece has at least one surface layer on one surface which is one of the elements consisting of the group Ca, Mg, Ta, Y, Na, Zn, P, B, Si, Ni and Co, so that in the operating state by a chemical reaction between an element consisting of the Group of elements Ca, Mg, Ta, Y, Na, Zn, P, B, Si, Ni and Co and the vanadium present and / or the vanadium compounds present and / or a vanadium low melting phase, a high melting Vanadatphase is formed, so that the Formation of a low-melting vanadate phase is preventable.
• the edge layer can be an edge layer of the workpiece itself, in which the previously enumerated elements have been introduced in the desired concentration and composition, or the edge layer can be applied to a base body according to one of the techniques described below, wherein the main body itself from a other material or may be formed from the same material.
• Essential to the invention is thus that is not prevented by the formation of a surface layer primarily the contact of the harmful deep-melting phases with the surface of the workpiece. But it is already the formation of harmful substances that lead to high-temperature corrosion, thereby preventing that a conversion of, for example, low-melting vanadium phases in high-melting vanadates or the formation of low-melting vanadates is prevented from the outset by directly the formation of high-melting vanadates, bypassing the formation of low-melting vanadates is preferred.
• the alloying elements introduced into the base material of the workpiece susceptible to corrosion react with the combustion products such that no deep-melting phases are formed, but only high-melting phases which do not melt at a typical operating temperature in the combustion chamber and therefore do not know those of molten phases Can cause corrosion damage.
• the high-temperature corrosion protection according to the present invention has proved to be so efficient that the high-temperature corrosion protection against deep-melting phases over wide temperature ranges of a few 100 ° C, for example from 200 ° C to high temperatures of 900 ° C, about 1200 ° C. and even up to over 1400 ° C, under a variety of operating conditions and in very different chemical environments, guaranteed.
• the high-temperature corrosion protection according to the invention is not only suitable for protecting workpieces, such as the parts of a large diesel engine, but can be used to advantage in all areas of technology, in which workpieces, such as components or machine components of high-temperature corrosion due to deep-melting phases, even under aggressive chemical Boundary conditions and difficult temperature conditions are threatened.
• one of the elements from the group Ca, Mg, Ta, Y, Na, Zn, P, B, Si, Ni and Co. is provided at least in an edge layer of a surface of the tool. It has been found that these elements are very effective, that is with high yield and high reaction rate, sufficiently high melting phases, e.g. Vanadates form, if they are provided in a predetermined concentration, which may be dependent inter alia on the base material of the workpiece, and / or may be determined by the combustion temperature or the operating temperature of the workpiece.
• the concentration and / or the mixing ratio of the abovementioned alloying elements, or which of the abovementioned alloying elements are advantageously used or not used may also depend on boundary conditions other than those mentioned above. For example, among other things, the nature and quality of the fuel or fuel used, the type and quality of any lubricant used or other combustion additive and many other operating parameters under which the workpiece is operated in the operating condition.
• a surface layer is provided on the surface of a workpiece according to the invention, which is in particular soldered, welded, mechanically bonded, applied by melting technology, hot-isostatically pressed or sprayed on, in particular thermally sprayed, the surface layer of one of the elements from the group Ca, Mg, Ta, Y, Na, Zn, P, B, Si, Ni and Co.
• This is particularly advantageous when the workpiece, for example, is exposed to mechanical wear on the surface and the surface must be renewed from time to time in a repair process.
• a new surface layer can be applied so that the surface of the workpiece is not only restored mechanically, ie structurally, but the newly prepared surface layer also again in sufficient concentration on the aforementioned alloying elements, so that the formation of deep-melting phases is further reliably prevented even after repair of the surface.
• the surface layer may consist of impurities of pure Co or of pure Ni.
• the proportion of each of the elements from the group Ca, Mg, Ta, Y, Na, Zn, P, B, Si is between 1% by weight and 80% by weight, preferably between 2% by weight and 70% by weight and / or the proportion of Co and / or Ni is preferably between 1% and 99% by weight, in particular when using iron-based materials.
• the workpiece as a whole may consist of an alloy comprising one of the elements from the group Ca, Mg, Ta, Y, Na, Zn, P, B, Si, Ni, Fe and Co.
• This is particularly advantageous if during operation, for example, a surface of the workpiece with time is damaged or more or less removed, a repair of the workpiece due to its function still need not be provided. In such a case, the formation of the deep-melting phases can be ensured without sacrificing the efficiency even if, for example, the surface of the workpiece is worn or damaged in operation over time.
• nickel, nickel-cobalt and / or cobalt-based alloys are then also suitable as base alloys.
• the proportion of each of the elements Co and Ni is between 1% and 50% by weight, in particular between 2% and 35% by weight, which may in certain cases prevent various mechanical properties of the material , such as its hardness, toughness, yield strength, thermal expansion coefficient, etc. deteriorate. In particular, this can be counteracted by embrittlement of the material.
• the workpiece is in particular, but not necessarily, a component of a combustion system of an internal combustion engine, in particular a two-stroke large diesel engine, preferably a piston, a piston ring, a gas exchange valve, an injection nozzle, a component inserted or mounted in a combustion chamber a combustion chamber forming component, such as a cylinder and / or a cylinder cover, or a component of a turbocharger, in particular a turbine of a turbocharger or an exhaust gas inlet or outlet.
• a component of a combustion system of an internal combustion engine in particular a two-stroke large diesel engine
• the workpiece may be a component of a turbine, in particular a combustion chamber or a turbine blade of a gas turbine, or a component of an incinerator, in particular a waste incineration plant, in particular a component of a combustion chamber or an exhaust system of a combustion plant.
• the invention relates to a reciprocating internal combustion engine, in particular a two-stroke large diesel engine, a turbine or an incinerator, in particular a waste incineration plant with a workpiece of the type described above with a protection against high-temperature corrosion by deep-melting phases.
• the invention further relates to the use of at least one of the group of elements Ca, Mg, Ta, Y, Na, Zn, P, B, Si, Ni and Co for protecting a workpiece against High-temperature corrosion by deep-melting vanadate phases, the workpiece having on one surface at least one boundary layer comprising one of the elements consisting of the group of the elements Ca, Mg, Ta, Y, Na, Zn, P, B, Si, Ni and Co, such that in the operating state by a chemical reaction between an element consisting of the group of the elements Ca, Mg, Ta, Y, Na, Zn, P, B, Si, Ni and Co and the vanadium present and / or the vanadium compounds present and / or a low-melting vanadate phase, a high-melting vanadate phase is formed, so that the formation of a low-melting vanadate phase is prevented.
• a surface layer is used on the surface of the workpiece, in particular soldered, welded, mechanically bonded, applied by melting, hot isostatically pressed or sprayed, in particular thermally sprayed, wherein in the surface layer of one of the elements from the group Ca, Mg, Ta, Y, Na, Zn, P, B, Si, Ni and Co are provided.
• a surface layer is used which, except for impurities, consists of pure Co or of pure Ni.
• the workpiece itself is made of an alloy comprising one of the elements of the group Ca, Mg, Ta, Y, Na, Zn, P, B, Si, Ni, Fe and Co.
• a chemical composition wherein the proportion of each of the elements Ca, Mg, Ta, Y, Na, Zn, P, B, Si is between 1% weight percent and 50%. Percent by weight, preferably between 2% and 35% by weight, especially when a Co, Fe, or Ni base alloy is used for the workpiece.
• the workpiece is a component of a combustion system of an internal combustion engine, in particular a two-stroke large diesel engine, preferably a piston, a piston ring, a gas exchange valve, an injection nozzle, a combustion chamber forming component, such as a cylinder and / or a cylinder cover, or a component of a turbocharger, in particular a turbine of a turbocharger or an exhaust gas inlet or outlet.
• a combustion system of an internal combustion engine in particular a two-stroke large diesel engine
• the workpiece is a component of a turbine, in particular a combustion chamber or a turbine blade of a gas turbine, or a component of an incinerator, in particular a waste incineration plant, in particular a component of a combustion chamber or an exhaust system of an incinerator.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Metallurgy (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
• Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
• Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
• Exhaust Silencers (AREA)
• Supercharger (AREA)
• Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
• Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

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Publications (1)

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Citations (5)

• 2006
  • 2006-07-11 EP EP06405297A patent/EP1752561A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
  • 2006-08-09 JP JP2006216422A patent/JP2007046163A/ja active Pending
  • 2006-08-09 CN CN200610114844.4A patent/CN1912183A/zh active Pending

Patent Citations (5)

Non-Patent Citations (6)

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