EP1749335A1 - Liminateur de surtension - Google Patents

Liminateur de surtension

Info

Publication number
EP1749335A1
EP1749335A1 EP05736417A EP05736417A EP1749335A1 EP 1749335 A1 EP1749335 A1 EP 1749335A1 EP 05736417 A EP05736417 A EP 05736417A EP 05736417 A EP05736417 A EP 05736417A EP 1749335 A1 EP1749335 A1 EP 1749335A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact element
surge arrester
spring
arrester according
outer electrode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP05736417A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1749335B1 (fr
Inventor
Peter Bobert
Michael Mewes
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TDK Electronics AG
Original Assignee
Epcos AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Epcos AG filed Critical Epcos AG
Publication of EP1749335A1 publication Critical patent/EP1749335A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1749335B1 publication Critical patent/EP1749335B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/14—Means structurally associated with spark gap for protecting it against overload or for disconnecting it in case of failure

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a surge arrester with a short-circuit mechanism between an outer electrode and a further electrode.
  • Surge arresters of the type mentioned at the outset are usually used to protect telecommunications devices against short-term overvoltages, such as those resulting from lightning strikes.
  • the outer electrode By igniting the surge arrester, the outer electrode is short-circuited to the center electrode by means of an arc.
  • the arc extinguishes and the switching path between the central and outer electrodes is isolating again.
  • arresters can be equipped with additional functions.
  • mechanisms for securing the arrester in the event of a thermal overload are known (English: fail-safe), in which a melting element made of solder material or an insulating film is arranged between a spring clip and the outer electrode and prevents the spring clip from moving at too high a temperature releases, which then bridges the switching path of the Abieiter between the center electrode and the outer electrode and thus short-circuits.
  • Such a surge arrester is such.
  • the short-circuit mechanism is triggered by heat in the event of a fault.
  • One task to be solved is to specify a surge arrester which can be replaced by a safe one in the event of a fault Characterized contact between the electrodes to be short-circuited.
  • a surge arrester with a ceramic body, at least one outer electrode and at least one further electrode in which an electrically conductive contact element is provided which is spaced from the outer electrode by an air gap and which is normally biased by a spring mechanism.
  • the spring mechanism exerts a spring force on the contact element in the direction of the outer electrode.
  • An electrically conductive connection is provided between the further electrode and the contact element.
  • the air gap between the outer electrode and the contact element is arranged in a preferably hermetically sealed cavity.
  • the spring mechanism biasing the contact element is z. B. triggered by heat, the contact element being released, pressed by the spring force on the outer electrode and thus producing a short circuit between the outer electrode and the further electrode.
  • the further electrode is preferably a central electrode, which is arranged between two outer electrodes.
  • the cavity is closed, it is protected against the gel when the drain is embedded in a silicone gel.
  • the gel is used, for example, to protect the drain from moisture.
  • the contact element is preferably arranged completely in the tightly closed cavity.
  • the cavity can be identical to the air gap.
  • the electrically conductive connection between the center electrode and the contact element is preferably in the form of a spring clip attached to the center electrode.
  • the spring clip exerts a spring force on an electrically conductive contact element spaced apart from the outer electrode.
  • the contact element can e.g. B. can be fastened by means of a meltable mass in an opening of a metal plate, which is at least partially embedded in an insulating holder, which is arranged between the metal plate and the outer electrode.
  • the contact element is spaced from the outer electrode. In the case of a molten mass, the contact element is pressed against the outer electrode by the spring clip.
  • the contact element projects into an opening in the metal plate and is fastened in this metal plate by means of a meltable mass.
  • the contact element is preferably designed as a metal bolt.
  • the meltable mass (e.g. solder, preferably soft solder) ensures that the closed cavity is sealed.
  • the fusible mass is required to secure the contact element in the metal plate and can therefore be provided in a small amount, which must ensure that the contact element is held in the metal plate.
  • the attachment of the contact element in the metal plate can be made with a correspondingly dimensioned bolt or hole with a very small amount of meltable mass, which results in the advantage of a quick release mechanism.
  • the metal plate with the preferably positively inserted metal bolt, which is preferably softly soldered into the opening of the metal plate, is in a stepped area of an insulating holder which, for. B. is designed as an insulating washer, preferably arranged positively.
  • a spring force is exerted on the outwardly facing end face of the metal bolt in the direction of the outer electrode in order to generate a pretension by an electrically conductive spring clip attached to the center electrode.
  • the spring clip also serves as the electrical connection between the center electrode and the metal bolt.
  • the spring clip is preferably made of a spring material, e.g. B. made of spring steel.
  • the spring clip forms the spring mechanism.
  • the spring clip, the metal plate and the contact element together form a short-circuit mechanism.
  • the short-circuit mechanism includes a metal plate electrically connected to the central electrode and a resilient contact element which has a spring which is preferably designed as a leaf spring, the fixed end of which is preferably fastened to the metal plate and the free end of which is not melted and meltable Mass is preferably kept in the prestressed state at a distance from the outer electrode.
  • the spring mechanism nism is formed in this case by the resilient contact element itself.
  • the spring is preferably a folded leaf spring, i.e. H. in cross-section meandering with several meandering sections, the opposite sides of the respective meandering section being resiliently pressed together by a meltable mass or softly soldered together under pretension.
  • the leaf spring is normally held by the meltable mass in a pretensioned state at a distance from the outer electrode.
  • the folded leaf spring unfolds and creates a short circuit between the metal plate and the outer electrode.
  • This variant of the invention has the advantage particularly when using a viscous gel in the vicinity of the arrester, since the spring mechanism is arranged completely in the closed cavity and is therefore isolated from the environment. Due to the complete separation from the environment, the movement of the released spring element can no longer be prevented by the gel.
  • the center and outer electrodes are preferably made of copper.
  • the thermal expansion coefficient of the copper differs greatly from that of the ceramic, which can impair the tightness of the interface between the ceramic body and the outer electrode when exposed to temperature.
  • a ring or frame is used, which is placed on the outer electrode. strengthened (preferably hard soldered).
  • the material of the ring is preferably a material with a coefficient of thermal expansion which is approximately the same as the coefficient of expansion of the ceramic body, such as. B. FeNi.
  • the insulating holder is preferably inserted in a form-fitting manner in the ring (eg FeNi ring) or frame.
  • the insulating bracket can, for. B. in an FeNi or a similar in thermal expansion made outer electrode in a remote area of the outer electrode. In the latter case, the ring or frame can be omitted.
  • the metal plate is pressed into the insulating holder and the insulating holder into the ring. This prevents the gel from penetrating into the closed cavity or into the air gap.
  • the metal plate is preferably made of brass or some other suitable metal or metal alloy.
  • the insulating holder is preferably made of a temperature-resistant plastic whose melting temperature is above the melting temperature of the meltable mass, which is typically approx. Is 220 ° C.
  • the plastic is preferably characterized by a good spring action, which ensures a good press fit between the insulating holder and the metal disc.
  • FIG. 1A shows a section of a spring mechanism of a diverter shown in FIG. 2
  • FIG. 2 shows an arrester in the normal state
  • FIG. 3 shows the arrester according to FIG. 2 when the spring mechanism responds in the event of a fault
  • FIG. 4A shows a section of a spring mechanism of a diverter shown in FIG. 5 in the pretensioned state
  • FIG. 4B shows the spring mechanism according to FIG. 4A when the spring mechanism responds in the event of a fault
  • FIG. 4C shows the spring mechanism inserted into a holder according to FIG. 4A
  • Figure 5 shows another arrester in the normal state 6 shows the arrester according to FIG. 5 when the spring mechanism responds in the event of a fault
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 An exemplary surge arrester before and after the spring mechanism responds is shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, respectively.
  • FIG. 1A shows a section of a spring mechanism of a surge arrester shown in FIG. 2 in a schematic cross section.
  • the contact element 7 has the shape of a round bolt which projects through a round hole in a metal plate 5a.
  • the mechanical connection between the contact element 7 and the metal plate 5a is produced by a meltable mass 6 along the edge of the hole in the metal plate 5a.
  • the metal bolt is therefore softly soldered into a metal plate 5a.
  • the meltable mass can be formed as a solder.
  • solderable materials for the contact element and the spacer element In connection with solderable materials for the contact element and the spacer element, a very simple connection between the contact element and the spacer element is possible.
  • the tin alloys used for solder ensure that the connection between the contact element and the spacer element is released quickly with sufficient heat.
  • the metal plate 5a has a preferably centrally arranged opening for receiving the contact element 7.
  • the metal plate 5a is preferably in the form of a disk which is inserted into an insulating holder 5b.
  • the insulating holder 5b has a stepped area for receiving the Metal plate 5a.
  • the contact element 7 can have a taper 12 on a section 11 lying between the outer electrode 2 and the metal plate 5a.
  • the spring mechanism further comprises an electrically conductive spring clip 3, which is fastened to the central electrode 1 of the conductor, see FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • the spring clip 3 engages over the end face of the outer electrode 2 and holds the contact element 7 in a prestressed state by opening it the outer end face of the contact element 7 exerts a spring force F in the direction of the outer electrode 2.
  • the spring clip 3, the metal plate 5a and the contact element 7 are designed such that when the meltable mass 6 becomes liquid, the spring clip 3 and the contact element 7 can slide along the opening of the metal plate 5a.
  • the contact element can be mechanically fixed to the spring clip 3 or be part of the spring clip 3.
  • a cavity 22 is formed between the contact element 7, the metal plate 5a, the insulating holder 5b and the outer electrode 2.
  • the cavity 22 is sealed by the meltable mass 6.
  • the metal plate 5a is against the ring 16 and the insulating bracket 5b z. B. sealed by press fit.
  • the ring 16 is soldered or welded onto the outer electrode 2.
  • a tight seal of the cavity against a gel and possibly moisture is thus achieved.
  • a gas-filled ceramic body 19 is arranged between the center electrode 1 and the outer electrode 2.
  • the ceramic body is preferably filled with an inert gas.
  • the arrester is preferably formed with two outer electrodes and, if necessary, symmetrically with respect to the center electrode.
  • the center electrode 1 is preferably arranged between two ceramic bodies.
  • the central and outer electrodes 1, 2 are each connected to the ceramic bodies 19 by soldering.
  • the center and outer electrodes 1 and 2 are preferably made of Cu. In another variant, however, it is possible for the central and / or outer electrode to be made of FeNi.
  • a ring 16 is arranged on the outer electrode 2 at the edge, which preferably consists of an iron-nickel alloy.
  • the insulating holder 5b is inserted into the ring 16.
  • the outer electrode 2 has a recess in the area facing the contact element 7 to form an air gap 20.
  • the air gap 20 is arranged in the tightly closed cavity 22.
  • FIG. 2 corresponds to the normal state of the surge arrester, ie the state before the spring mechanism has responded.
  • the spring clip 3 displaces the contact element 7 so far in the direction of the outer electrode 2 that the contact element 7 applies a contact pressure, which in turn is exerted by the spring clip 3 (residual spring force). arises, presses on the outer electrode 2, whereby the electrical contact of the outer electrode 2 with the spring clip 3 and thus with the central electrode 1 is achieved when the short-circuit mechanism is triggered.
  • the meltable mass 6 melts due to the heat generated in the vicinity of the conductor.
  • the contact element 7 is released and pressed by the spring force F of the spring clip 3 onto the outer electrode 2, see FIG. 3. In this case, the central electrode 1 and the outer electrode 2 are short-circuited via the spring clip and the contact element 7.
  • FIGS. 4A to 6 A further exemplary embodiment is shown in FIGS. 4A to 6, in which the contact element 7 is pretensioned by an elastic deformation.
  • the contact element 7 has a leaf spring 21 with a fixed end 21a and a free end 21b.
  • the fixed end 21a of the leaf spring is fixed to the metal plate 5c, e.g. B. brazed.
  • the free end 21b of the leaf spring is z. B. biased by soft soldering with the metal plate 5c or another section (z. B. fixed end) of the leaf spring.
  • leaf spring 21 as shown schematically in FIG. 4A, is designed in the form of an “accordion”, the folded sections of which are held together in the normal state by soft soldering and are thus pretensioned.
  • the leaf spring 21 and the spring clip 3 can, for. B. be made of CuBe.
  • FIG. 4B shows the leaf spring deployed after the spring mechanism has responded.
  • FIG. 4C shows the spring mechanism according to FIG. 4A inserted into the insulating holder 5b.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 show the spring mechanism shown schematically in FIGS. 4A and 4B before and after the response.
  • the structure shown in FIG. 4C, as indicated in FIG. 5, is preferably inserted by press fitting into the ring 16 or into a stepped area of the outer electrode 2.
  • the metal plate 5c is pressed against the insulating holder by the spring force of the spring clip 3.
  • the metal plate 5c has no openings.
  • the closed cavity 22 is formed between the outer electrode 2, the insulating holder 5b and the metal plate 5c. Movable parts of the spring mechanism (i.e. the contact element designed as a leaf spring) are completely arranged in the closed cavity 22 here.
  • FIG. 6 shows the surge arrester according to FIG. 5 after the spring mechanism has responded.
  • the meltable mass 6 was softened by the heat of the flashover.
  • the free end of the leaf spring is pressed against the outer electrode 2 by the spring force and thus turns over the metal washer and the spring clip ensure secure contact between the outer and central electrodes.
  • the invention is not restricted to these.
  • the invention is not limited to the number of elements shown schematically.
  • the securing mechanism described is of course not limited to securing only one switching path between the central electrode 1 and the outer electrode 2.
  • the second switching path between the center electrode 1 and the further outer electrode can also be secured in a corresponding manner by symmetrical addition.

Landscapes

  • Fuses (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)

Abstract

Eliminateur de surtension qui comporte au moins une électrode externe (2) et une autre électrode (1), un élément de contact (7) électro-conducteur situé à une certaine distance de l'électrode externe (2) et séparé de cette dernière par une fente (20). A l'état normal, l'élément de contact est précontraint par un mécanisme ressort, ledit mécanisme ressort exerçant une force (F) de ressort sur l'élément de contact (7) en direction de l'électrode externe (2). Une connexion électro-conductrice relie l'autre électrode (1) et l'élément de contact (7). La fente (20) entre l'électrode externe (2) et l'élément de contact (7) est située dans une cavité (22) fermée de manière étanche. En cas de défaillance, le mécanisme ressort exerçant une précontrainte sur l'élément de contact est déclenché par un excès de chaleur, ce qui libère l'élément de contact qui est alors poussé par la force de ressort contre l'électrode externe et produit ainsi un court-circuit entre l'électrode externe et l'autre électrode.
EP05736417A 2004-05-27 2005-04-19 Liminateur de surtension Not-in-force EP1749335B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102004025912A DE102004025912A1 (de) 2004-05-27 2004-05-27 Überspannungsableiter
PCT/DE2005/000715 WO2005117219A1 (fr) 2004-05-27 2005-04-19 Éliminateur de surtension

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1749335A1 true EP1749335A1 (fr) 2007-02-07
EP1749335B1 EP1749335B1 (fr) 2009-11-11

Family

ID=34966743

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05736417A Not-in-force EP1749335B1 (fr) 2004-05-27 2005-04-19 Liminateur de surtension

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US7466530B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1749335B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4590452B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN1961464B (fr)
DE (2) DE102004025912A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2005117219A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7974063B2 (en) * 2007-11-16 2011-07-05 Corning Cable Systems, Llc Hybrid surge protector for a network interface device
DE102007056183B4 (de) * 2007-11-21 2020-01-30 Tdk Electronics Ag Überspannungsableiter mit thermischem Überlastschutz, Verwendung eines Überspannungsableiters und Verfahren zum Schutz eines Überspannungsableiters
WO2010136491A1 (fr) * 2009-05-27 2010-12-02 F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag Composés bicycliques indole-pyrimidine inhibiteurs de pi3k sélectifs pour p110 delta et leurs procédés d'utilisation
DE102011100437B4 (de) * 2010-10-29 2016-04-07 Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg Anordnung zur Ausbildung einer thermischen Trennstelle
DE102014116440B4 (de) * 2014-11-11 2016-05-19 Epcos Ag Ableiter
WO2016149783A1 (fr) * 2015-03-25 2016-09-29 Meurer Roque Dispositif pour captage d'étincelle, absorption de petits transitoires d'une surtension et procédé de détection de fuite et réglage du captage d'étincelle d'une surtension dans un système doté d'électrodes de charge et de décharge de surtension
CZ307373B6 (cs) * 2017-05-04 2018-07-04 Saltek S.R.O. Omezovač napětí se zkratovacím zařízením

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US4275432A (en) * 1978-02-16 1981-06-23 Tii Corporation Thermal switch short circuiting device for arrester systems
FR2466853A1 (fr) * 1979-10-03 1981-04-10 Ioniplasma Parafoudre a corps metallique, avec court-circuit des electrodes par ramolissement d'un materiau fusible lors d'une decharge a energie elevee
JPS63175367A (ja) * 1987-01-07 1988-07-19 三和電機工業株式会社 通信機器用保安装置
JPH0227694U (fr) * 1988-08-10 1990-02-22
DE4236538A1 (de) * 1992-10-22 1994-04-28 Siemens Ag Gekapselte Funkenstrecke
DE9321371U1 (de) * 1993-04-21 1997-09-04 Siemens AG, 80333 München Gasentladungs-Überspannungsableiter
US5282109A (en) * 1993-05-27 1994-01-25 Tii Industries Back-up air gaps
US5384679A (en) * 1993-11-17 1995-01-24 Tii Industries, Inc. Solid state surge protectors
WO1996005639A1 (fr) * 1994-08-08 1996-02-22 Raychem Corporation Raccord terminal protege pour telecommunications
US5633777A (en) * 1994-10-13 1997-05-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Gas-filled, three-electrode overvoltage surge arrester for large switching capacities
DE10000617A1 (de) 2000-01-10 2001-07-12 Abb Hochspannungstechnik Ag Ueberspannungsableiter
DE10134752B4 (de) * 2001-07-17 2005-01-27 Epcos Ag Überspannungsableiter
DE10162916A1 (de) * 2001-12-20 2003-07-10 Epcos Ag Federbügel, Überspannungsableiter mit dem Federbügel und Anordnung eines Überspannungsableiters

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20070127183A1 (en) 2007-06-07
WO2005117219A1 (fr) 2005-12-08
JP4590452B2 (ja) 2010-12-01
US7466530B2 (en) 2008-12-16
DE502005008484D1 (de) 2009-12-24
DE102004025912A1 (de) 2005-12-22
CN1961464A (zh) 2007-05-09
JP2008500685A (ja) 2008-01-10
EP1749335B1 (fr) 2009-11-11
CN1961464B (zh) 2010-10-27

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