WO1996005639A1 - Raccord terminal protege pour telecommunications - Google Patents

Raccord terminal protege pour telecommunications Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1996005639A1
WO1996005639A1 PCT/US1995/009910 US9509910W WO9605639A1 WO 1996005639 A1 WO1996005639 A1 WO 1996005639A1 US 9509910 W US9509910 W US 9509910W WO 9605639 A1 WO9605639 A1 WO 9605639A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
composition
terminal
conductor
filler
electrically
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1995/009910
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Charles Alan Boyer
William Henry Simendinger, Iii
Original Assignee
Raychem Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Raychem Corporation filed Critical Raychem Corporation
Publication of WO1996005639A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996005639A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/66—Structural association with built-in electrical component
    • H01R13/665—Structural association with built-in electrical component with built-in electronic circuit
    • H01R13/6666—Structural association with built-in electrical component with built-in electronic circuit with built-in overvoltage protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/14—Means structurally associated with spark gap for protecting it against overload or for disconnecting it in case of failure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
    • H04M1/738—Interface circuits for coupling substations to external telephone lines
    • H04M1/74—Interface circuits for coupling substations to external telephone lines with means for reducing interference; with means for reducing effects due to line faults
    • H04M1/745—Protection devices or circuits for voltages surges on the line
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M3/00—Automatic or semi-automatic exchanges
    • H04M3/18—Automatic or semi-automatic exchanges with means for reducing interference or noise; with means for reducing effects due to line faults with means for protecting lines

Definitions

  • This invention relates to electrical protection for telecommunications equipment and to compositions for use in such apparatus.
  • Gas discharge tubes are commonly used to protect telecommunications equipment and circuits from damage in the event of electrical interference or high voltage lightning pulses. Gas tubes used in this way are often called gas tube protectors. The tubes contain a gas which ionizes at high voltages to allow electrical pulses to be directed to ground, thus minimizing any damage resulting from the pulses. If a continuing high current overload occurs, e.g. as a result of an accidental power line crossover, the tubes maintain a limited sustained ionization.
  • gas tube protectors To provide protection in the event of failure from overheating during sustained over-current conditions, and to assure protection if the ionizable gas vents from the tube, gas tube protectors generally incorporate “fail-safe” and “vent-safe” mechanisms, respectively.
  • “Fail-safe” refers to thermal damage protection, which is often provided by a fusible metal or plastic material. If the material is heated due to the energy from the current overload, it yields to a biased shorting member and provides a permanent current shunt around the gas tube. This may occur by melting a thermoplastic film positioned between two electrodes, thus allowing contact between the electrodes and shunting the current to ground.
  • Vent-safe refers to backup overvoltage protection that operates when the gas "vents” or is lost to the atmosphere. Vent-safe protection is often provided by an air-gap that is part of the external structure of the tube. The proportions of the air- gap are selected to require a firing potential considerably above, e.g. twice, the normal firing potential of the gas tube itself so that, under normal circumstances, the gas tube will prevent the air-gap from firing. This minimizes the chances that the air-gap will be damaged because although an over-voltage pulse usually fires harmlessly through a properly functioning gas tube, it may damage the air-gap which is intended as a safety backup.
  • the material comprises a gel which has the ability to conform to the gas tube protector, decreasing the chance of moisture ingress, and providing increased manufacturing tolerances.
  • the gel may be compatible with a gel encapsulant, thus contributing to the environmental sealing.
  • the non-linear element can be used alone, independently of a gas tube, to provide local electrical protection for over- voltage and/or over-current situations.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention locates the non-linear element in electrical contact between the terminals on an RJ-11 jack and an adjacent ground wire to provide the desired electrical protection for the jack.
  • the non-linear resistive material is an electrically non-linear composition which comprises (i) a polymeric component, and (ii) a particulate filler; which has an initial resistivity pi at 25°C of at least 10 9 ohm-cm; and which is such that when a standard device containing the composition has an initial breakdown voltage Vsi, and after the standard device has been exposed to a standard impulse breakdown test, then the device has a final breakdown voltage Vsf which is from 0.7Vsj to 1.3 Vgj, and the composition in the device has a final resistivity pf at 25°C of at least 10 9 ohm-cm, the non-linear resistive material thereby providing over- voltage electrical protection to the terminal.
  • the non-linear resistive material is an electrically non-linear composition which comprises (i) a polymeric component, and (ii) a paniculate filler; which has an initial resistivity pj at 25°C of at least 10 9 ohm-cm; and which is such that when a standard device containing the composition has an initial breakdown voltage V ⁇ i, and after the standard device has been exposed to a standard impulse breakdown test, then the device has a final breakdown voltage Vsf which is from O.TVsi to 1.3Vsi, and the composition in the device has a final resistivity pf at 25 °C of at least 10 9 ohm-cm, the non-linear resistive material thereby providing over- voltage electrical protection to the RJ-11 socket.
  • Vsf is from 0.8Vsi to 1.2Vsi; wherein the ratio of pi to pf is at most 10 3 ; wherein the polymeric component is a gel; and wherein the paniculate filler comprises a conductive filler or a semiconductive filler.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic illustration showing a typical three-element gas discharge tube incorporated into a one pair telecommunications line;
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the gas tube of Figure 1 ;
  • Figure 3 is an exploded illustration of a gas tube apparatus of the invention
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of a gas tube apparatus of the invention which is encapsulated in a gel;
  • Figure 5 is an exploded illustration of an assembly of the invention
  • Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the assembly of Figure 5;
  • Figure 7 is a schematic illustration showing a standard device for testing the compositions of the invention.
  • Figure 8 is a graph of impulse breakdown in volts as a function of impulse test cycles
  • Figures 9 and 10 are graphs of impulse breakdown in volts as a function of the distance between electrodes for compositions of the invention.
  • Figure 11 is a graph of DC breakdown voltage and impulse breakdown voltage as a function of the distance between electrodes for compositions of the invention.
  • Figure 12 is a figurative side view of the core portion of an RJ-1 1 socket;
  • Figure 13 is a view similar to Figure 12 showing a ground conductor positioned on the Figure 12 core;
  • Figure 14 is a view of the Figure 13 structure with a non-linear resistive material located between and in contact with the conductor wires of the core and the ground conductor;
  • Figure 15 is a top view of the core illustrated in Figure 12;
  • Figure 16 is a top view of the core and conductor shown in Figure 13;
  • Figure 17 is a top view of the Figure 14 structure.
  • Figure 18 is a partially-sectioned side view of the protected core of Figures 14 and
  • the gas tube apparatus and the assembly of the invention both comprise an electrically non-linear resistive element which comprises an electrically non-linear composition.
  • non-linear means that the composition is substantially electrically nonconductive, i.e. has a resistivity of more than 10 9 ohm-cm, when an applied voltage is less than the impulse breakdown voltage, but then becomes electrically conductive, i.e. has a resistivity of less than 10 9 ohm-cm, when the applied voltage is equal to or greater than the impulse breakdown voltage.
  • the electrically non ⁇ linear composition comprises a polymeric component and a particulate filler.
  • the polymeric component may be any appropriate polymer, e.g.
  • thermoplastic material such as a polyolefin or a fluoropolymer, a thermosetting material such as an epoxy, an elastomer, a grease, or a gel.
  • the polymeric component is generally present in an amount of 30 to 95%, preferably 35 to 90%, particularly 40 to 85% by volume of the total composition.
  • the polymeric component comprise a polymeric gel, i.e. a substantially dilute crosslinked solution which exhibits no flow when in the steady-state.
  • the crosslinks which provide a continuous network structure, may be the result of physical or chemical bonds, crystallites or other junctions, and must remain intact under the use conditions of the gel.
  • Most gels comprise a fluid-extended polymer in which a fluid, e.g. an oil, fills the interstices of the network.
  • Suitable gels include those comprising silicone, e.g.
  • polyurethane polyurea
  • styrene-butadiene copolymers polyurea
  • styrene-isoprene copolymers styrene- (ethylene/propylene)-styrene (SEPS) block copolymers
  • SEPS styrene- (ethylene/propylene)-styrene
  • SEBS styrene- (ethylene/butylene)-styrene
  • SEBS styrene- (ethylene/butylene)-styrene
  • Suitable extender fluids include mineral oil, vegetable oil such as paraffinic oil, silicone oil, plasticizer such as trimellitate, or a mixture of these, generally in an amount of 30 to 90% by weight of the total weight of the gel.
  • the gel may be a thermosetting gel, e.g. silicone gel, in which the crosslinks are formed through the use of multifunctional crosslinking agents, or a thermoplastic gel, in which microphase separation of domains serves as junction points. Disclosures of gels which may be suitable as the polymeric component in the composition are found in U.S. Patent Nos.
  • the gel have a Voland hardness of 1 to 50 grams, particularly about 5 to 25 grams, especially 6 to 20 grams, have stress relaxation of 1 to 45%, preferably 15 to 40%, have tack of 5 to 40 grams, preferably 9 to 35 grams, and have an ultimate elongation of at least 50%, preferably at least 100%, particularly at least 400%, especially at least 1000%, most especially at least 1500%.
  • the elongation is measured according to ASTM D217, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • the Voland hardness, stress relaxation, and tack are measured using a Voland-Stevens Texture Analyzer Model LFRA having a 1000 gram load cell, a 5 gram trigger, and a 0.25 inch (6.35 mm) ball probe, as described in U.S. Patent No. 5,079,300 (Dubrow et al), the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • a 20 ml glass scintillating vial containing 10 grams of gel is placed in the analyzer and the stainless steel ball probe is forced into the gel at a speed of 0.20 mm/second to a penetration distance of 4.0 mm.
  • the Voland hardness value is the force in grams required to force the ball probe at that speed to penetrate or deform the surface of the gel the specified 4.0 mm.
  • the Voland hardness of a particular gel may be directly correlated to the ASTM D217 cone penetration hardness using the procedure described in U.S. Patent No. 4,852,646 (Dittmer et al), the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • the composition also comprises a paniculate filler.
  • the filler may be conductive, semiconductive, nonconductive, or a mixture of two or more types of fillers as long as the resulting composition has the appropriate electrical non-linearity. It is generally preferred that the filler be conductive or semiconductive. Conductive fillers generally have a resistivity of at most 10" 3 ohm- cm; semiconductive fillers generally have a resistivity of at most 10 3 ohm-cm, although their resistivity is a function of any dopant material, as well as temperature and other factors and can be substantially higher than 10 3 ohm-cm. Suitable fillers include metal powders, e.g.
  • metal oxide powders e.g. iron oxide, doped iron oxide, doped titanium dioxide, and doped zinc oxide
  • metal carbide powders e.g. silicon carbide, titanium carbide, and tantalum carbide
  • metal nitride powders e.g. aluminum, nickel, silver, silver-coated nickel, platinum, copper, tantalum, tungsten, gold, and cobalt
  • metal oxide powders e.g. iron oxide, doped iron oxide, doped titanium dioxide, and doped zinc oxide
  • metal carbide powders e.g. silicon carbide, titanium carbide, and tantalum carbide
  • metal nitride powders e.g. silicon , titanium carbide, and tantalum carbide
  • metal nitride powders e.g. silicon e, titanium carbide, and tantalum carbide
  • metal nitride powders e.g. silicon carbide, titanium carbide, and tantalum carbide
  • metal nitride powders e.g.
  • the polymeric component is a gel
  • the selected filler it is important that the selected filler not interfere with the crosslinking of the gel, i.e. not "poison" it.
  • the filler is generally present in an amount of 5 to 70%, preferably 10 to 65%, especially 15 to 60% by volume of the total composition.
  • the volume loading, shape, and size of the filler affect the non-linear electrical properties of the composition, in part because of the spacing between the particles.
  • Any shape particle may be used, e.g. spherical, flake, fiber, or rod.
  • Useful compositions can be prepared with particles having an average size of 0.010 to 100 microns, preferably 0.1 to 75 microns, particularly 0.5 to 50 microns, especially 1 to 20 microns. A mixture of different size, shape, and/or type particles may be used.
  • the particles may be magnetic or nonmagnetic.
  • the composition may comprise other conventional additives, including stabilizers, pigments, crosslinking agents, catalysts, and inhibitors.
  • compositions of the invention may be prepared by any suitable means, e.g. melt-blending, solvent-blending, or intensive mixing, and may be shaped by conventional methods including extrusion, calendaring, casting, and compression molding. If the polymeric component is a gel, the gel may be mixed with the filler by stirring and the composition may be poured or cast onto a substrate or into a mold to be cured, often by the addition of heat.
  • suitable means e.g. melt-blending, solvent-blending, or intensive mixing
  • compositions of the invention have excellent stability as measured both by resistivity and breakdown voltage.
  • the compositions are electrically insulating and have an initial resistivity rj at 25°C of at least 10 9 ohm-cm, preferably 10 10 ohm-cm, particularly 10 1 ' ohm-cm, especially 10 12 ohm-cm.
  • the initial resistivity value rj is such that when the composition is formed into a standard device as described below, the initial insulation resistance Rj is at least 10 9 ohms, preferably at least 10 10 ohms, particularly at least 10 1 ! ohms.
  • An Rj value of at least 10 9 ohms is preferred when the compositions of the invention are used in telecommunications apparatus.
  • the final resistivity rf at 25 °C is at least 10 9 ohm-cm, and the ratio of rf to ⁇ is at most 1 x 10 3 , preferably at most 5 x 10 2 , particularly at most 1 x 10 2 , especially at most 5 x 10 1 , most especially at most 1 x 10 1 .
  • the final insulation resistance Rf for a standard device after exposure to the standard impulse breakdown test is at least 10 9 ohms, preferably at least 10 10 ohms, particularly at least 10 1 1 ohms.
  • the device When the composition of the invention is formed into a standard device as described below and exposed to a standard impulse breakdown test, the device has an initial breakdown voltage Vsi and a final breakdown voltage Vsf which is from 0.70VSJ to 1.30V Si , preferably from 0.80V S j to 1.20V S i, particularly from 0.85V S j to 1.15V S i, especially from 0.90Vsi to l.lOVsj.
  • the value of the breakdown voltage is affected by the volume fraction of the particulate filler, by the particle size, and by the distance between the particles among other factors. In general, as particle size decreases, the breakdown voltage increases.
  • compositions of the invention will "latch", i.e. remain in a conductive state with a resistivity of less than 10 6 ohm-cm, after one voltage discharge.
  • the latched device is made from a composition comprising a gel
  • the device can be "reset” into a high resistivity state, i.e. a resistivity of at least 10 9 ohm-cm, by physical deformation, e.g. flexing, torsion, compression, or tension.
  • the latching behavior is a function of particle size, interparticle spacing, and particle shape. In gels, generally small spherical particles, e.g. 1 to 5 microns, with a small interparticle spacing, e.g. less than 4 microns, will latch.
  • compositions of the invention will provide fail-safe protection. If exposed to a sufficiently high energy level, e.g. 30A and 1000 volts for a time of 2 seconds to 30 minutes, the paniculate filler can fuse together and provide a permanent conductive path between the electrodes, giving a final resistance of less than 10 ohms, e.g. 1 to 10 milliohms. Such behavior is desirable in the event of crossed power lines and results in a permanent short circuit.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of a conventional telecommunications circuit 10 which incorporates a gas tube 12 in a telecommunications line.
  • the gas tube 12 which is shown in cross-section in Figure 2, has a first terminal 16 and a second terminal 17 for connection to the tip side 13 and the ring side 14, respectively, of the telecommunications circuit.
  • the gas tube 12 has a center ground terminal 18.
  • a ceramic shell 19 encloses an ionizable gas 20 which ionizes to form a discharge plasma at a given voltage.
  • Figure 3 is an exploded view of a gas tube apparatus 40 of the invention.
  • the first terminal 16 and the second terminal 17 of the gas tube 12 also function as first and second electrodes, respectively, for the gas tube apparatus 40.
  • the gas tube may comprise a third terminal which may be connected to a third electrode in the gas tube apparatus.
  • One of the electrodes may be a grounding electrode.
  • Electrically non-linear resistive element 45 is positioned in contact with first terminal 16 and second terminal 17.
  • Ground electrode 55 is in physical contact with resistive element 45, and is in electrical contact with ground terminal 18 of gas tube 12.
  • the non-linear composition comprising the resistive element has sufficient flexibility that it conforms to the shape of gas tube 12.
  • Figure 4 shows a cross-sectional view of gas tube apparatus 40 embedded in a gel encapsulant 50.
  • the encapsulant which may be, e.g. a potting compound, a conformal coating, or a gel, provides environmental protection from moisture and other contaminants.
  • the encapsulant may exclude oxygen from the plasma discharge, and act as a heat sink to draw thermal energy away from local hot spots. It is preferred that the resistive element be chemically inert to the encapsulant.
  • FIG. 5 is an exploded view of an assembly 70 of the invention and Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of that assembly.
  • Retaining element 72 is designed to contain gas tube 12, resistive element 45, and a ground electrode 55'. Although the resistive element 45 may be laminar as shown, to enhance contact with gas tube 12 the resistive element may be curved or otherwise shaped.
  • Spring leads 76,78 are attached to gas tube 12 and serve to make electrical contact with respective insulation displacement connectors (not shown). Gas tube 12 is held in the appropriate position with the resistive element 45 and ground electrode 55' by means of retaining element 72, retainer cap 74, and grounding pin 80 which can be inserted into a recess or hole in retainer cap 74.
  • Retainer cap 74 may be ultrasonically welded, glued, or otherwise fused to retaining element 72. To maintain the proper distance between the gas tube 12 and ground electrode 55', spacer 56 protrudes from ground electrode 55'. The height of spacer 56 can be selected to achieve different levels of voltage breakdown.
  • the retaining element 72 may be filled with the encapsulant to surround the contents.
  • composition based on a silicone grease showed a similar decrease by four cycles (Figure 8).
  • Example 5 based on an epoxy, shattered under the impulse test conditions, but showed a decrease in insulation resistance by 15 cycles under DC breakdown testing.
  • Figures 9 and 10 show the effect of particle size and filler loading on the impulse breakdown voltage for samples which ranged in thickness from 0.25 to 1.0 mm.
  • Figure 11 shows that for a given particle size and loading, the impulse breakdown and the DC breakdown voltage were comparable.
  • a circular sample with a diameter of 11.2 mm (i.e. a surface area of about 1 cm 2 ) and a thickness of 1 mm was cut from the cured composition and inserted into the test fixture shown in cross-section in Figure 7.
  • the test composition sample 90 was positioned between two circular aluminum electrodes 91 ,92, each with a diameter of about 11.2 mm and a surface in contact with the composition 90 of about 100 mm 2 .
  • Polycarbonate sleeve 93 with an inner diameter of slightly more than 11.2 mm was positioned over the assembled electrodes and composition and the assembly was inserted into fixture 94 containing support elements 95,96. Micrometer 97 was adjusted until the spacing between the electrodes 91,92 was 1 mm.
  • the micrometer was adjusted to vary the electrode spacing, i.e. the sample thickness, from 0.25 to 1.0 mm.
  • the sample had an initial thickness of 1 mm.
  • excess composition flowed through opening 98 in electrode 94 and between electrodes 91,92 and polycarbonate sleeve 93.
  • a standard device, with dimensions of 1 cm 2 x 1 mm was inserted into the test apparatus shown in Figure 7.
  • the insulation resistance Rj for the device was measured at 25°C with a biasing voltage of 50 volts using a Genrad 1863 Megaohm meter; the initial resistivity ⁇ was calculated.
  • the device was inserted into a circuit with an impulse generator and for each cycle a high energy impulse with a 10 x 1000 ⁇ s waveform (i.e. a rise time to maximum voltage of 10 ⁇ s and a half-height at 1000 ⁇ s) and a current of at most 1 A was applied.
  • the peak voltage measured across the device at breakdown i.e. the voltage at which current begins to flow through the gel, was recorded as the impulse breakdown voltage.
  • For the Standard Impulse Breakdown Test five cycles were conducted.
  • the final insulation resistance Rf after five cycles for the standard test was measured and the final resistivity rf was calculated.
  • Silicone gel 1 was a mixture of 0.8 parts of a first composition composed of
  • Thermoplastic gel contained 10% by weight SeptonTM 4055 styrene- (ethylene/propylene)-styrene block copolymer having an ethylene/propylene midblock and a molecular weight of 308,000 (available from Kuraray), 87.5% WitcoTM 380 extender oil (available from Witco), and 1% IrganoxTM B900 antioxidant (available from Ciba-Geigy).
  • Silicone grease was a mixture of silicon dioxide and 50 cst silicone oil with the Si ⁇ 2 added until the silicone oil would no longer flow under its own weight.
  • Silicone gel 2 was SylGardTM Q3-6636 silicone dielectric gel (available from Dow Corning).
  • Epoxy was ACETM 18612 5-minute epoxy (available from Ace Hardware Stores).
  • Aluminum powder with an average particle size of 20 microns and a substantially spherical Shape was product type 26651, available from Aldrich Chemicals.
  • Aluminum powder with an average particle size of 1 to 5 microns (passed 325 mesh) and a substantially spherical shape was product type 11067, available from Johnson Mathey.
  • compositions of the invention would remain in a conducting condition after a voltage discharge.
  • standard devices with the compositions shown in Table II were prepared. The initial resistance was measured prior to exposing the device to one voltage discharge of the type described in the Standard Impulse
  • the electrically non-linear resistive material thus described has particular utility, for example, for reliably and inexpensively adding over- voltage protection directly to telecommunications terminals which historically have not been provided with gas discharge tubes.
  • an RJ-1 1 telephone terminal socket may easily be provided with electrical protection, according to the present invention.
  • an economical electrical ground path is quite desirable for over-voltage and/or over-current situations which may be encountered in the usage of telephony equipment. There is always a finite risk of damage from surges caused by lightning strikes, or from over- voltage situations arising from a higher voltage, higher current power service line resting on the telephony conductors, and so forth.
  • FIGs 12-18 illustrate a preferred embodiment of such a protected telecommunications terminal.
  • an RJ-11 socket core or inner housing 100 conventionally has four feed wire conductors 102 secured therein and electrically connected to corresponding contact tines 103 by standard crimp connectors 104.
  • a bare ground wire 105 is placed between the feed wire conductors 102 on the socket core 100, spaced an appropriate distance from the crimp connectors 104.
  • an electrically non-linear resistive material 110 as described hereinabove is located electrically between and in contact with the crimp connectors 104 and the ground wire 105 ( Figures 14 and 17).
  • the material 1 10 and the spacing between the ground wire 105 and the crimp connectors 104 (or the feed wire conductors 102, if bare or exposed) is coordinated so that the combination of the resulting gap distance between the conductors and the electrical characteristics of the material 110 provides the desired electrical breakdown threshhold. In this way, an extremely low cost, easily manufactured, repeatable, and reliable protected telecommunications terminal can be provided.
  • Figure 18 illustrates the completed core of Figures 14 and 17 assembled into a suitable RJ-11 socket housing 114, and an RJ-11 plug 115 connected thereto, providing service to a telephone (not shown) by way of telephone wire 116.
  • the present invention has numerous advantages. Principally, as indicated, it is very economical and thus readily suited to wide-spread utilization in the telecommunications industry. Due to the physical properties of the material, it is also durable, thereby affording good protection even in hostile environments. Additionally, resettable electrically non-linear resistive materials may be used, so that many over-voltage events may be shunted to ground while still providing protection for the end user. It will also be readily appreciated that the invention has direct utility in telecommunications terminals of many different configurations in addition to the very common RJ-11 socket and/or plug.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)

Abstract

Raccord terminal protégé pour télécommunications comportant des conducteurs de transmission des signaux placés dans un boîtier du raccord, et un conducteur de terre placée sur le boîtier à faible distance des conducteurs de transmission des signaux. Un élément fait d'un matériau résistif non linéaire reliant électriquement les conducteurs de terre et de transmission des signaux assure une protection du raccord vis-à-vis des surtensions. Le susdit élément résistif est un composite comportant un composant polymère et un remplissage de particules dont la résistivité initiale est d'au moins 109 ohm-cm à 25 °C et la tension de rupture initiale de V¿Si?, laquelle après que le matériau ait été soumis à un test normalisé de rupture passe à Vsf, Vsf étant compris entre 0,7 Vsi et 1,3 Vsi. Le composite résistif du dispositif présente en outre une résistivité rf d'au moins 10?9¿ ohm-cm à 25 °C.
PCT/US1995/009910 1994-08-08 1995-08-04 Raccord terminal protege pour telecommunications WO1996005639A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US28737794A 1994-08-08 1994-08-08
US08/287,377 1994-08-08

Publications (1)

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WO1996005639A1 true WO1996005639A1 (fr) 1996-02-22

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102004025912A1 (de) * 2004-05-27 2005-12-22 Epcos Ag Überspannungsableiter

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3950604A (en) * 1972-09-01 1976-04-13 Raychem Limited Heat-shrinkable articles having non-linear electrical resistance characteristics
US4992333A (en) * 1988-11-18 1991-02-12 G&H Technology, Inc. Electrical overstress pulse protection
WO1994000856A1 (fr) * 1992-06-30 1994-01-06 Raychem Corporation Dispositif servant a proteger un tube a gaz en cas de fuite du gaz
US5278535A (en) * 1992-08-11 1994-01-11 G&H Technology, Inc. Electrical overstress pulse protection

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3950604A (en) * 1972-09-01 1976-04-13 Raychem Limited Heat-shrinkable articles having non-linear electrical resistance characteristics
US4992333A (en) * 1988-11-18 1991-02-12 G&H Technology, Inc. Electrical overstress pulse protection
WO1994000856A1 (fr) * 1992-06-30 1994-01-06 Raychem Corporation Dispositif servant a proteger un tube a gaz en cas de fuite du gaz
US5278535A (en) * 1992-08-11 1994-01-11 G&H Technology, Inc. Electrical overstress pulse protection

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102004025912A1 (de) * 2004-05-27 2005-12-22 Epcos Ag Überspannungsableiter
US7466530B2 (en) 2004-05-27 2008-12-16 Epcos Ag Surge arrester

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