EP1748088A1 - Al-Mg-Mn aluminium alloy exhibiting cold and warm formability - Google Patents

Al-Mg-Mn aluminium alloy exhibiting cold and warm formability Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1748088A1
EP1748088A1 EP05016538A EP05016538A EP1748088A1 EP 1748088 A1 EP1748088 A1 EP 1748088A1 EP 05016538 A EP05016538 A EP 05016538A EP 05016538 A EP05016538 A EP 05016538A EP 1748088 A1 EP1748088 A1 EP 1748088A1
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Prior art keywords
strip
hot
aluminum alloy
semifinished product
semi
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1748088B1 (en
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Eike Brünger
Dietrich Dr. Wieser
Wolfgang Rempe
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Hydro Aluminium Deutschland GmbH
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Hydro Aluminium Deutschland GmbH
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Priority to PT05016538T priority Critical patent/PT1748088E/en
Priority to PL05016538T priority patent/PL1748088T3/en
Priority to ES05016538T priority patent/ES2380343T3/en
Priority to EP05016538A priority patent/EP1748088B1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
    • C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/047—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an aluminum alloy for the production of semi-finished products or components for motor vehicles, a semifinished product or component made of an aluminum alloy and a method for producing an aluminum strip for semi-finished products or components for motor vehicles.
  • components such as parts of the chassis or the body structure, made of aluminum materials are used increasingly for the production of motor vehicles.
  • These are usually made of semi-finished products consisting of aluminum alloys based on an AlMgMn aluminum alloy with Mg contents of 2 to 3.5 wt .-%.
  • This aluminum alloy ensures sufficiently high strength combined with good resistance to intergranular corrosion, especially in uncoated applications. Since in the manufacture of the chassis and / or structural components existing from said aluminum alloy semi-finished products are usually subjected to several forming steps, there is a desire to extend the forming limits of the semi-finished products, such as aluminum sheets, tubes or profiles.
  • hot forming processes such as hot hydroforming, hydroforming with hot media, or deep drawing with heated tools, are increasingly being used in the forming operations.
  • degree of deformation of the aluminum semi-finished products can be significantly increased when using hot forming processes.
  • the anti-settling processes taking place in hot forming operations have the components or semi-finished products consisting of the AlMgMn aluminum alloys used today less strength than the cold-worked components used previously.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an aluminum alloy and a semifinished product or a component which, with good resistance to intergranular corrosion and recyclability, has sufficient strength even after hot working.
  • the aluminum alloy according to the invention makes it possible to produce components which are not only resistant to intercrystalline corrosion but also have a higher strength after hot working compared with the aluminum alloys used hitherto. Moreover, since the aluminum alloy according to the invention contains only standard alloy components, it is very easy to recycle and can be introduced without problems into the scrap circuits of the automotive industry (Alt-Autover Aunt), as well as the semis manufacturer.
  • a corresponding aluminum alloy leads to a further increase in the yield strength Rp0.2 at room temperature after hot deformation with constant resistance to intergranular corrosion, while the elongation at break values remain the same.
  • the object indicated is achieved by a semifinished product or a component which consists at least partially of an aluminum alloy according to the invention.
  • semifinished products or components consisting of the aluminum alloy according to the invention can be used particularly well for chassis and structural applications in motor vehicles, since they have an improved yield strength at room temperature, in particular after hot forming, with constant corrosion resistance.
  • a component differs from the semifinished product in that the component has been subjected to further process steps in order to be used, for example, directly in the body of the motor vehicle.
  • the semifinished product thus represents the starting product for the components.
  • the possible uses of the semifinished product or component in structural applications in the motor vehicle sector can be increased by forming the semifinished product or component at room temperature or in a soft state at sheet thicknesses of at least 1 mm Yield point Rp0,2 of at least 135 MPa. Due to the high yield strength of the semifinished product or component according to the invention after forming at room temperature or in a soft state, measured according to DIN standard DIN EN 10 002, the necessary requirements for the yield strength Rp0.2 for use as a structural part by the semifinished product or component met in the vehicle.
  • the suitability of the semifinished product or component for structural applications in the motor vehicle can be further improved in that the semifinished product of hot forming with a degree of deformation of at least 15% and at most 50% to 120% at a temperature of 200 to 350 ° C.
  • the semifinished product has an elongation at break A 5 of at least 50% in the hot tensile test and that the semifinished product has a yield strength at room temperature Rp0.2 of at least 150 MPa.
  • the elongation at break values A 5 in the hot tensile test were measured at the respective hot forming temperatures with a corresponding proportional rod.
  • the yield strength Rp0.2 of the structural parts clearly exceeds the yield strength Rp0.2 from the known AlMgMn aluminum alloy with a Mn content of 2 to 3.5% by weight of produced structural parts after hot forming, without showing any sensitivity to intergranular corrosion.
  • a semifinished product or component which is further improved with regard to the yield strength at room temperature and the elongation at break can be made available by the semifinished product being subjected to hot forming with a degree of deformation of at least 15% and a maximum of 60%.
  • 90% at a temperature of 250 to 350 ° C has been subjected while having an elongation at break A 5 of at least 60% in the hot tensile test and that the semi-finished product after hot working has a yield strength at room temperature of at least 165 Mpa.
  • the hot tensile tests were carried out on proportional bars at the hot-forming temperatures mentioned.
  • the area-related mass loss according to ASTM G 67 after a heat treatment of 17 hours at 130 ° C. is a maximum of 5 mg / cm 2 .
  • the semi-finished products according to the invention therefore have a particularly good resistance to intergranular corrosion and are particularly suitable for use as or for the production of chassis or structural parts in motor vehicles.
  • the above-described object is achieved by a method for producing a strip for semi-finished products or components by casting a cast bar or a cast strip from an aluminum alloy according to the invention, hot-rolling the cast bar or, optionally, the cast strip, the hot-rolled strip Cold ingot or the casting belt are cold rolled and the cold rolled strip is fed to a final annealing. Due to the properties of the aluminum alloy according to the invention, it is ensured in the described production method that sheets produced from the strip, despite used hot forming processes, have an improved yield strength at room temperature with constant elongation at break values.
  • Solidification introduced into the strip by hot rolling can be reduced by subjecting the strip to annealing prior to cold rolling.
  • the cold rolled strip in this case has only the solidifications introduced by cold rolling into the strip.
  • the solidifications introduced into the strip by the cold rolling are reduced again by at least one intermediate annealing during cold rolling. All of the aforementioned measures serve to increase the formability in the production of aluminum strip for semi-finished products, without the structural parts produced have too low a yield point.
  • the aluminum alloy C according to the invention has almost identical elongation at break values as a function of the temperature in the hot tensile test in comparison with the conventional comparative alloys A and B.
  • the comparative alloy A shows as expected, due to the high magnesium content of 4.5 wt .-%, the largest values for the yield strength after hot working.
  • the value of the yield strength for the comparative alloy A is about 175 MPa at a hot working temperature of 350 ° C.
  • Comparative alloy B has only reached a value of 140 MPa for the yield strength Rp0.2 at room temperature at the same hot forming temperature.
  • the exemplary embodiment of the aluminum alloy according to the invention achieves values of significantly more than 150 MPa. Also in the other measured values, for example at 250 ° C., the values for the measured yield strength of the exemplary embodiment of the aluminum alloy according to the invention clearly exceed those of the comparative alloy B, but below the values for the comparative alloy A.
  • the comparison alloy A is more susceptible to intercrystalline corrosion due to the higher MG content, so that it is not advantageous, especially in long-term use in chassis or structural application in the motor vehicle.
  • the aluminum alloy of the present invention can provide an aluminum alloy which, despite improved yield strength after hot working, has good intergranular corrosion resistance and good elongation at break properties during hot working.

Abstract

A new aluminum alloy (I) contains (by weight) 0.4-1.2% manganese, 2.6-4.0% magnesium, up to 0.4% silicon, up to 0.4% iron, up to 0.2% copper, up to 0.3% chromium, up to 0.4% zinc, up to 0.2% titanium and the remainder aluminum, the content of unavoidable impurities being up to 0.05% individually and at most 0.15% in total. Independent claims are included for: (1) semi-finished products (II) or components (III) at least partially consisting of (I); and (2) the production of a strip for (II) or (III), by casting an ingot or strip from (I); hot rolling the ingot (and optionally the strip) to give a hot strip; cold-rolling the hot strip or cast strip; and subjecting the cold-rolled strip to final annealing.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Aluminiumlegierung zur Herstellung von Halbzeugen oder Bauteilen für Kraftfahrzeuge, ein Halbzeug oder Bauteil aus einer Aluminiumlegierung sowie ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Aluminiumbandes für Halbzeuge oder Bauteile für Kraftfahrzeuge.The invention relates to an aluminum alloy for the production of semi-finished products or components for motor vehicles, a semifinished product or component made of an aluminum alloy and a method for producing an aluminum strip for semi-finished products or components for motor vehicles.

In der Automobilindustrie werden zur Herstellung von Kraftfahrzeugen zunehmend Bauteile, beispielsweise Teile des Fahrwerkes oder der Karosseriestruktur, aus Aluminiumwerkstoffen eingesetzt. Diese werden in der Regel aus Halbzeugen bestehend aus Aluminiumlegierungen basierend auf einer AlMgMn-Aluminiumlegierung mit Mg-Gehalten von 2 bis 3,5 Gew.-% hergestellt. Diese Aluminiumlegierung gewährleistet eine ausreichend hohe Festigkeit bei gleichzeitig guter Beständigkeit gegen interkristalline Korrosion, insbesondere im unbeschichteten Einsatz. Da bei der Herstellung der Fahrwerks- und/oder Strukturbauteile die aus der genannten Aluminiumlegierung bestehenden Halbzeuge zumeist mehreren Umformschritten unterzogen werden, besteht der Wunsch, die Formgebungsgrenzen der Halbzeuge, beispielsweise der Aluminiumbleche, -rohre oder -profile, zu erweitern. Deshalb werden bei den Umformungen vermehrt Warmumformprozesse, beispielsweise Warm-Innenhochdruckumformen, Hydroformen mit heißen Medien oder ein Tiefziehen mit beheizten Werkzeugen verwendet. Zwar lassen sich bei der Verwendung von Warmumformprozessen die Umformgrade der Aluminiumhalbzeuge deutlich steigern. Aufgrund der beim Warmumformen stattfindenden Entfestigungsvorgänge weisen die aus den heute eingesetzten AlMgMn-Aluminiumlegierungen bestehenden Bauteile oder Halbzeuge jedoch eine geringere Festigkeit auf, als die bisher eingesetzten, kaltverformten Bauteile.In the automotive industry, components such as parts of the chassis or the body structure, made of aluminum materials are used increasingly for the production of motor vehicles. These are usually made of semi-finished products consisting of aluminum alloys based on an AlMgMn aluminum alloy with Mg contents of 2 to 3.5 wt .-%. This aluminum alloy ensures sufficiently high strength combined with good resistance to intergranular corrosion, especially in uncoated applications. Since in the manufacture of the chassis and / or structural components existing from said aluminum alloy semi-finished products are usually subjected to several forming steps, there is a desire to extend the forming limits of the semi-finished products, such as aluminum sheets, tubes or profiles. As a result, hot forming processes, such as hot hydroforming, hydroforming with hot media, or deep drawing with heated tools, are increasingly being used in the forming operations. Although the degree of deformation of the aluminum semi-finished products can be significantly increased when using hot forming processes. Because of the However, the anti-settling processes taking place in hot forming operations have the components or semi-finished products consisting of the AlMgMn aluminum alloys used today less strength than the cold-worked components used previously.

Um die Festigkeit von warmumgeformten Bauteilen zu vergrößern ist es bekannt, Scandium und Zirconium als Legierungsbestandteile der AlMgMn-Legierung zuzusetzen. Problematisch sind diese Legierungen jedoch einerseits hinsichtlich des Recyclings, da die Legierungselemente Sc und Zr in den üblichen Standard-Aluminiumlegierungen nicht enthalten sind und daher mit diesen nicht eingeschmolzen werden sollten. Andererseits führen diese Elemente in der Regel zu Verarbeitungsproblemen bei Aluminiumlegierungen.In order to increase the strength of hot formed components, it is known to add scandium and zirconium as alloying components of the AlMgMn alloy. On the one hand, however, these alloys are problematic in terms of recycling, since the alloying elements Sc and Zr are not contained in the customary standard aluminum alloys and should therefore not be melted down with them. On the other hand, these elements usually lead to processing problems with aluminum alloys.

Hiervon ausgehend liegt der vorliegenden Erfindung damit die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Aluminiumlegierung und ein Halbzeug oder ein Bauteil zur Verfügung zu stellen, welche bzw. Welches bei guter Beständigkeit gegen interkristalline Korrosion und Recyclingfähigkeit auch nach einem Warmumformen eine ausreichende Festigkeit aufweist. Darüber hinaus ist es eine Aufgabe der Erfindung ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Aluminiumbandes für Halbzeuge und Bauteile für Kraftfahrzeuge vorzuschlagen.Proceeding from this, the object of the present invention is to provide an aluminum alloy and a semifinished product or a component which, with good resistance to intergranular corrosion and recyclability, has sufficient strength even after hot working. In addition, it is an object of the invention to propose a method for producing an aluminum strip for semi-finished products and components for motor vehicles.

Gemäß einer ersten Lehre wird die der Erfindung zugrunde liegenden Aufgabe durch eine Aluminiumlegierung zur Herstellung von Bauteilen für Fahrzeuge, insbesondere Kraftfahrzeuge, dadurch gelöst, dass die Aluminiumlegierung folgende Legierungsbestandteile in Gew.-% aufweist:

  • Si ≤ 0,4 %,
  • Fe ≤ 0,4 %,
  • Cu ≤ 0,2 %,
  • 0,4 % ≤ Mn ≤ 1,2 %,
  • 2,6 % ≤ Mg ≤ 4,0 %,
  • Cr ≤ 0,3 %,
  • Zn ≤ 0,4 %,
  • Ti ≤ 0,2 %,
  • Verunreinigung einzeln ≤ 0,05 %, in Summe max. 0,15 %, Rest A1.
According to a first teaching, the object underlying the invention is achieved by an aluminum alloy for the production of components for vehicles, in particular motor vehicles, in that the aluminum alloy has the following alloy constituents in% by weight:
  • Si ≤ 0.4%,
  • Fe ≤ 0.4%,
  • Cu ≤ 0.2%,
  • 0.4% ≤ Mn ≤ 1.2%,
  • 2.6% ≤ Mg ≤ 4.0%,
  • Cr ≤ 0.3%,
  • Zn≤0.4%,
  • Ti ≤ 0.2%,
  • Contamination individually ≤ 0.05%, in total max. 0.15%, remainder A1.

Aufgrund der Kombination des erfindungsgemäßen Magnesium-Gehaltes mit dem ausgewählten Mangan-Gehalt ermöglicht die erfindungsgemäße Aluminiumlegierung die Herstellung von Bauteilen, welche nicht nur gegenüber interkristalliner Korrosion beständig sind, sondern auch nach einem Warmumformen im Vergleich zu den bisher eingesetzten Aluminiumlegierungen eine höhere Festigkeit aufweisen. Da die erfindungsgemäße Aluminiumlegierung darüber hinaus nur Standard-Legierungskomponenten enthält, ist diese sehr gut rezyklierbar und kann ohne Probleme in die Schrottkreisläufe der Automobilindustrie (Alt-Autoverordnung), aber auch der Halbzeughersteller eingeführt werden.Due to the combination of the magnesium content according to the invention with the selected manganese content, the aluminum alloy according to the invention makes it possible to produce components which are not only resistant to intercrystalline corrosion but also have a higher strength after hot working compared with the aluminum alloys used hitherto. Moreover, since the aluminum alloy according to the invention contains only standard alloy components, it is very easy to recycle and can be introduced without problems into the scrap circuits of the automotive industry (Alt-Autoverordnung), as well as the semis manufacturer.

Eine weitere Verbesserung erfährt die erfindungsgemäße Aluminiumlegierung dadurch, dass die Aluminiumlegierung zusätzlich folgende Anteile an Legierungsbestandteilen in Gew.-% aufweist:

  • 0,1 % ≤ Si ≤ 0,2 %,
  • 0,2 % ≤ Fe ≤ 0,35 %,
  • Cu ≤ 0,05 %,
  • 0,6 % ≤ Mn ≤ 1, 1 %,
  • 3,1 % ≤ Mg ≤ 3,9 %,
  • Ti ≤ 0,15 %.
The aluminum alloy according to the invention undergoes a further improvement in that the aluminum alloy additionally has the following proportions of alloy constituents in% by weight:
  • 0.1% ≦ Si ≦ 0.2%,
  • 0.2% ≤ Fe ≤ 0.35%,
  • Cu ≤ 0.05%,
  • 0.6% ≤ Mn ≤ 1, 1%,
  • 3.1% ≤ Mg ≤ 3.9%,
  • Ti ≤ 0.15%.

Eine entsprechende Aluminiumlegierung führt bei gleich bleibenden Bruchdehnungswerten zu einer weiteren Steigerung der Dehngrenze Rp0,2 bei Raumtemperatur nach einer Warmumformung bei gleich bleibender Beständigkeit gegen interkristalline Korrosion.A corresponding aluminum alloy leads to a further increase in the yield strength Rp0.2 at room temperature after hot deformation with constant resistance to intergranular corrosion, while the elongation at break values remain the same.

Gemäß einer zweiten Lehre der vorliegenden Erfindung wird die aufgezeigte Aufgabe durch ein Halbzeug oder ein Bauteil gelöst, welches zumindest teilweise aus einer erfindungsgemäßen Aluminiumlegierung besteht. Wie bereits ausgeführt, können Halbzeuge oder Bauteile bestehend aus der erfindungsgemäßen Aluminiumlegierung besonders gut für Fahrwerks- und Strukturanwendungen im Kraftfahrzeug eingesetzt werden, da diese bei gleich bleibender Korrosionsbeständigkeit eine verbesserte Dehngrenze bei Raumtemperatur, insbesondere nach einer Warmumformung, aufweisen. Ein Bauteil unterscheidet sich dabei vom Halbzeug dadurch, dass das Bauteil weiteren Verfahrenschritten unterzogen worden ist, um beispielsweise unmittelbar in der Karosserie des Kraftfahrzeugs eingesetzt zu werden. Das Halbzeug stellt also das Ausgangsprodukt für die Bauteile dar.According to a second teaching of the present invention, the object indicated is achieved by a semifinished product or a component which consists at least partially of an aluminum alloy according to the invention. As already stated, semifinished products or components consisting of the aluminum alloy according to the invention can be used particularly well for chassis and structural applications in motor vehicles, since they have an improved yield strength at room temperature, in particular after hot forming, with constant corrosion resistance. A component differs from the semifinished product in that the component has been subjected to further process steps in order to be used, for example, directly in the body of the motor vehicle. The semifinished product thus represents the starting product for the components.

Gemäß einer nächsten vorteilhaften Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Halbzeugs oder Bauteils, können die Einsatzmöglichkeiten des Halbzeugs oder Bauteils in Strukturanwendungen im Kraftfahrzeugbereich dadurch vergrößert werden, dass das Halbzeug oder Bauteil nach einer Umformung bei Raumtemperatur oder in weichem Zustand bei Blechdicken von mindestens 1 mm eine Dehngrenze Rp0,2 von mindestens 135 MPa aufweist. Aufgrund der hohen Dehngrenze des erfindungsgemäßen Halbzeugs oder Bauteils nach einer Umformung bei Raumtemperatur bzw. in weichem Zustand, gemessen nach DIN-Norm DIN EN 10 002, werden die notwendigen Anforderungen an die Dehngrenze Rp0,2 für den Einsatz als Strukturteil durch das Halbzeug oder Bauteil im Kraftfahrzeug erfüllt.According to a next advantageous embodiment of the semifinished product or component according to the invention, the possible uses of the semifinished product or component in structural applications in the motor vehicle sector can be increased by forming the semifinished product or component at room temperature or in a soft state at sheet thicknesses of at least 1 mm Yield point Rp0,2 of at least 135 MPa. Due to the high yield strength of the semifinished product or component according to the invention after forming at room temperature or in a soft state, measured according to DIN standard DIN EN 10 002, the necessary requirements for the yield strength Rp0.2 for use as a structural part by the semifinished product or component met in the vehicle.

In Verbindung mit der erfindungsgemäßen Aluminiumlegierung kann die Eignung des Halbzeugs oder Bauteils für Strukturanwendungen im Kraftfahrzeug dadurch weiter verbessert werden, dass das Halbzeug einer Warmumformung mit einem Umformgrad von mindestens 15 % und maximal 50 % bis 120 % bei einer Temperatur von 200 bis 350 °C unterzogen worden ist, das Halbzeug dabei eine Bruchdehnung A5 von mindestens 50 % im Warmzugversuch aufweist und dass das Halbzeug eine Dehngrenze bei Raumtemperatur Rp0,2 von mindestens 150 MPa aufweist. Die Bruchdehnungswerte A5 im Warmzugversuch wurden bei den jeweiligen Warmumformtemperaturen mit einem entsprechenden Proportionalstab gemessen. Die Dehngrenze Rp0,2 der Strukturteile übersteigt nach der Warmumformung die Dehngrenze Rp0,2 aus der bekannten AlMgMn-Aluminiumlegierung mit einem Mn -Gehalt von 2 - 3.5 Gew.-% hergestellter Strukturteile deutlich, ohne eine Empfindlichkeit gegen interkristalline Korrosion zu zeigen.In conjunction with the aluminum alloy according to the invention, the suitability of the semifinished product or component for structural applications in the motor vehicle can be further improved in that the semifinished product of hot forming with a degree of deformation of at least 15% and at most 50% to 120% at a temperature of 200 to 350 ° C. the semifinished product has an elongation at break A 5 of at least 50% in the hot tensile test and that the semifinished product has a yield strength at room temperature Rp0.2 of at least 150 MPa. The elongation at break values A 5 in the hot tensile test were measured at the respective hot forming temperatures with a corresponding proportional rod. The yield strength Rp0.2 of the structural parts clearly exceeds the yield strength Rp0.2 from the known AlMgMn aluminum alloy with a Mn content of 2 to 3.5% by weight of produced structural parts after hot forming, without showing any sensitivity to intergranular corrosion.

Ein hinsichtlich der Dehngrenze bei Raumtemperatur und der Bruchdehnung weiter verbessertes Halbzeug oder Bauteil kann, gemäß einer nächsten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Halbzeugs, dadurch zur Verfügung gestellt werden, dass das Halbzeug einer Warmumformung mit einem Umformgrad von mindestens 15 % und maximal 60 % bis 90 % bei einer Temperatur von 250 bis 350 °C unterzogen worden ist und dabei eine Bruchdehnung A5 von mindestens 60 % im Warmzugversuch aufweist und dass das Halbzeug nach der Warmumformung eine Dehngrenze bei Raumtemperatur von mindestens 165 Mpa aufweist. Auch hier wurden die Warmzugversuche an Proportionalstäben bei den genannten Warmumformtemperaturen durchgeführt.According to a next embodiment of the semifinished product according to the invention, a semifinished product or component which is further improved with regard to the yield strength at room temperature and the elongation at break can be made available by the semifinished product being subjected to hot forming with a degree of deformation of at least 15% and a maximum of 60%. 90% at a temperature of 250 to 350 ° C has been subjected while having an elongation at break A 5 of at least 60% in the hot tensile test and that the semi-finished product after hot working has a yield strength at room temperature of at least 165 Mpa. Again, the hot tensile tests were carried out on proportional bars at the hot-forming temperatures mentioned.

Gemäß einer nächsten vorteilhaften Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Halbzeugs beträgt der flächenbezogene Massenverlust nach ASTM G 67 nach einer thermischen Behandlung von 17 Stunden bei 130 °C maximal 5 mg/cm2. Die erfindungsgemäßen Halbzeuge weisen daher eine besonders gute Beständigkeit gegen interkristalline Korrosion auf und eignen sich insbesondere für den Einsatz als bzw. zur Herstellung von Fahrwerks- oder Strukturteilen im Kraftfahrzeug.According to a next advantageous embodiment of the semifinished product according to the invention, the area-related mass loss according to ASTM G 67 after a heat treatment of 17 hours at 130 ° C. is a maximum of 5 mg / cm 2 . The semi-finished products according to the invention therefore have a particularly good resistance to intergranular corrosion and are particularly suitable for use as or for the production of chassis or structural parts in motor vehicles.

Gemäß einer dritten Lehre der vorliegenden Erfindung wird die oben aufgezeigte Aufgabe durch ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bandes für Halbzeuge oder Bauteile dadurch gelöst, dass ein Gießbarren oder ein Gießband aus einer erfindungsgemäßen Aluminiumlegierung gegossen wird, der Gießbarren oder optional das Gießband warmgewalzt wird, der warmgewalzte Gießbarren oder das Gießband kaltgewalzt werden und das kaltgewalzte Band einer Endglühung zugeführt wird. Durch die Eigenschaften der erfindungsgemäßen Aluminiumlegierung wird bei dem beschriebenen Herstellverfahren gewährleistet, dass aus dem Band hergestellte Bleche trotz verwendeter Warmumformprozesse eine verbesserte Dehngrenze bei Raumtemperatur bei gleich bleibenden Bruchdehnungswerten aufweisen.According to a third teaching of the present invention, the above-described object is achieved by a method for producing a strip for semi-finished products or components by casting a cast bar or a cast strip from an aluminum alloy according to the invention, hot-rolling the cast bar or, optionally, the cast strip, the hot-rolled strip Cold ingot or the casting belt are cold rolled and the cold rolled strip is fed to a final annealing. Due to the properties of the aluminum alloy according to the invention, it is ensured in the described production method that sheets produced from the strip, despite used hot forming processes, have an improved yield strength at room temperature with constant elongation at break values.

Wird der Gießbarren oder das Gießband nach dem Gießen und vor den weiteren Verarbeitungsschritten homogenisiert, kann ein Aluminiumband mit verbesserter Umformbarkeit hergestellt werden.If the casting ingot or the casting strip is homogenized after casting and before the further processing steps, an aluminum strip with improved formability can be produced.

Verfestigungen, welche in das Band durch das Warmwalzen eingebracht worden sind, können dadurch verringert werden, dass das Band vor dem Kaltwalzen einer Glühung unterzogen wird. Das kaltgewalzte Band weist in diesem Fall nur die vom Kaltwalzen in das Band eingebrachten Verfestigungen auf.Solidification introduced into the strip by hot rolling can be reduced by subjecting the strip to annealing prior to cold rolling. The cold rolled strip in this case has only the solidifications introduced by cold rolling into the strip.

Vorzugsweise werden die durch das Kaltwalzen in das Band eingebrachten Verfestigungen dadurch wieder abgebaut, dass während des Kaltwalzens mindestens eine Zwischenglühung erfolgt. Alle zuvor genannten Maßnahmen dienen dazu, bei der Herstellung des Aluminiumbandes für Halbzeuge die Umformbarkeit zu steigern, ohne dass die hergestellten Strukturteile eine zu geringe Dehngrenze aufweisen.Preferably, the solidifications introduced into the strip by the cold rolling are reduced again by at least one intermediate annealing during cold rolling. All of the aforementioned measures serve to increase the formability in the production of aluminum strip for semi-finished products, without the structural parts produced have too low a yield point.

Es gibt nun eine Vielzahl von Möglichkeiten die erfindungsgemäße Aluminiumlegierung, das erfindungsgemäße Halbzeug oder Bauteil sowie das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bandes für Halbzeuge oder Bauteile auszugestalten oder weiterzubilden. Hierzu wird verwiesen einerseits die den Patentansprüchen 1, 3 und 7 nachgeordneten Patentansprüchen sowie der Beschreibung eines Ausführungsbeispiels in Verbindung mit der Zeichnung. Die Zeichnung zeigt

Fig. 1
in einem Diagramm die Bruchdehnung eines Ausführungsbeispiels der erfindungsgemäßen Aluminiumlegierung im Vergleich mit anderen herkömmlichen Aluminiumlegierungen in Abhängigkeit von der Umformtemperatur im Warmzugversuch und
Fig. 2
in einem Diagramm die Dehngrenze Rp0,2 gemessen bei Raumtemperatur des Ausführungsbeispiels aus Fig. 1 im Vergleich zu konventionellen Aluminiumlegierungen in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur bei einer Warmumformung.
There are now a variety of ways to design or further develop the aluminum alloy according to the invention, the semifinished product or component according to the invention and the method according to the invention for producing a strip for semi-finished products or components. Reference is made on the one hand to the claims 1, 3 and 7 subordinate claims and the description of an embodiment in conjunction with the drawings. The drawing shows
Fig. 1
in a diagram, the elongation at break of an embodiment of the aluminum alloy according to the invention in comparison with other conventional aluminum alloys in Dependence on the forming temperature in the hot tensile test and
Fig. 2
in a diagram, the yield strength Rp0,2 measured at room temperature of the embodiment of FIG. 1 compared to conventional aluminum alloys as a function of the temperature during a hot working.

In der Fig. 1 sind die Bruchdehnungswerte von drei verschiedenen Aluminiumlegierungen in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur dargestellt. Die Bruchdehnung A5 wurde nach der DIN-Norm DIN EN 10 002 mit entsprechenden Proportionalstäben gemessen, wobei eine Dehnrate von 0,1 s-1 eingestellt worden ist. Die Temperatur wurde bei den Bruchdehnungsmessungen zwischen 30°C und 450°C variiert. Die Vergleichs-Aluminiumlegierungen A und B wurden mit der erfindungsgemäßen Aluminiumlegierung C verglichen. Bei der konventionellen Aluminiumlegierung A handelt es sich um eine AlMg4,5Mn0,7-Legierung mit einem relativ hohen Magnesiumanteil von 4,5 Gew.-% und bei der Vergleichslegierung B um eine AlMg3,5Mn-Legierung mit einem Magnesium-Gehalt von 2 bis 3,5 Gew.-%. Die erfindungsgemäße Aluminiumlegierung weist die folgenden Anteile an Legierungsbestandteilen in Gew.-% auf:

  • 0,1 % ≤ Si ≤ 0,2 %,
  • 0,2 % ≤ Fe ≤ 0,35 %,
  • Cu ≤ 0,05 %,
  • 0,6 % ≤ Mn ≤ 1,1 %,
  • 3,1 % ≤ Mg ≤ 3,9 %,
  • Cr ≤ 0,3 %,
  • Zn ≤ 0,4 %,
  • Ti ≤ 0,15 %,
    Rest Aluminium.
FIG. 1 shows the elongation at break values of three different aluminum alloys as a function of the temperature. The elongation at break A 5 was measured according to the DIN standard DIN EN 10 002 with corresponding proportional bars, wherein a strain rate of 0.1 s -1 has been set. The temperature was varied during the elongation at break measurements between 30 ° C and 450 ° C. The comparative aluminum alloys A and B were compared with the aluminum alloy C according to the invention. The conventional aluminum alloy A is an AlMg4.5Mn0.7 alloy having a relatively high magnesium content of 4.5% by weight and the comparative alloy B is an AlMg3.5Mn alloy having a magnesium content of 2 to 3.5% by weight. The aluminum alloy according to the invention has the following proportions of alloy constituents in% by weight:
  • 0.1% ≦ Si ≦ 0.2%,
  • 0.2% ≤ Fe ≤ 0.35%,
  • Cu ≤ 0.05%,
  • 0.6% ≤ Mn ≤ 1.1%,
  • 3.1% ≤ Mg ≤ 3.9%,
  • Cr ≤ 0.3%,
  • Zn≤0.4%,
  • Ti ≤ 0.15%,
    Rest aluminum.

Wie aus Fig. 1 zu erkennen ist, weist die erfindungsgemäße Aluminiumlegierung C im Vergleich zu den konventionellen Vergleichslegierungen A und B nahezu identische Bruchdehnungswerte in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur im Warmzugversuch auf.As can be seen from FIG. 1, the aluminum alloy C according to the invention has almost identical elongation at break values as a function of the temperature in the hot tensile test in comparison with the conventional comparative alloys A and B.

Unterschiede zwischen den drei Legierungen ergeben sich aber im Vergleich der Dehngrenze Rp0,2 bei Raumtemperatur gemessen nach einer Umformung mit einem Umformgrad von 15 % in Abhängigkeit von der Umformtemperatur. So zeigt die Vergleichslegierung A erwartungsgemäß aufgrund des hohen Magnesium-Gehalts von 4,5 Gew.-% die größten Werte für die Dehngrenze nach einer Warmumformung. Der Wert der Dehngrenze für die Vergleichslegierung A beträgt bei einer Warmumformtemperatur von 350 °C etwa 175 MPa. Die Vergleichslegierung B hat bei gleicher Warmumformtemperatur lediglich einen Wert von 140 MPa für die Dehngrenze Rp0,2 bei Raumtemperatur erreicht. Das Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Aluminiumlegierung dagegen erreicht Werte von deutlich über 150 MPa. Auch in den übrigen Messwerten, beispielsweise bei 250 °C, liegend die Werte für die gemessene Dehngrenze des Ausführungsbeispiels der erfindungsgemäßen Aluminiumlegierung deutlich über denen der Vergleichslegierung B jedoch unterhalb der Werte für die Vergleichslegierung A.Differences between the three alloys, however, result in the comparison of the yield strength Rp0.2 at room temperature measured after a deformation with a degree of deformation of 15% as a function of the forming temperature. Thus, the comparative alloy A shows as expected, due to the high magnesium content of 4.5 wt .-%, the largest values for the yield strength after hot working. The value of the yield strength for the comparative alloy A is about 175 MPa at a hot working temperature of 350 ° C. Comparative alloy B has only reached a value of 140 MPa for the yield strength Rp0.2 at room temperature at the same hot forming temperature. By contrast, the exemplary embodiment of the aluminum alloy according to the invention achieves values of significantly more than 150 MPa. Also in the other measured values, for example at 250 ° C., the values for the measured yield strength of the exemplary embodiment of the aluminum alloy according to the invention clearly exceed those of the comparative alloy B, but below the values for the comparative alloy A.

Allerdings ist die Vergleichslegierung A aufgrund des höheren MG-Gehaltes anfälliger hinsichtlich interkristalliner Korrosion, so dass diese, insbesondere im Langzeiteinsatz bei Fahrwerks- oder Strukturanwendung im Kraftfahrzeug nicht vorteilhaft ist.However, the comparison alloy A is more susceptible to intercrystalline corrosion due to the higher MG content, so that it is not advantageous, especially in long-term use in chassis or structural application in the motor vehicle.

Wie aus den Diagrammen aus der Fig. 1 und 2 zu erkennen ist, kann mit der erfindungsgemäßen Aluminiumlegierung eine Aluminiumlegierung zur Verfügung gestellt werden, welche, trotz verbesserter Dehngrenze nach einer Warmumformung, eine gute Beständigkeit gegen interkristalline Korrosion und gute Bruchdehnungseigenschaften während einer Warmumformung aufweist.As can be seen from the graphs of Figs. 1 and 2, the aluminum alloy of the present invention can provide an aluminum alloy which, despite improved yield strength after hot working, has good intergranular corrosion resistance and good elongation at break properties during hot working.

Ferner wurden noch die in der untenstehenden Tabelle angegebenen Messwerte für die Bruchdehnung A5 im Warmzugversuch und der Dehngrenze Rp0,2 gemessen bei Raumtemperatur nach dem Warmumformungen an Proben bestehend aus der erfindungsgemäßen Aluminiumlegierung C ermittelt. Auch diese Messungen wurden gemäß DIN EN 10 002 durchgeführt. Die Warmumformungen wurden dabei mit einem Umformgrad von 15 % durchgeführt. Warmumformtemperatur [°C] Bruchdehnung A5 [%] Dehngrenze Rp0,2 bei Raumtemperatur [MPa] 330 100 160 300 90 168 275 80 175 230 60 190 Furthermore, the measured values given in the table below for the elongation at break A 5 in the hot tensile test and the yield strength Rp0.2 measured at room temperature after hot working on samples consisting of the aluminum alloy C according to the invention were determined. These measurements were also carried out in accordance with DIN EN 10 002. The hot forming operations were carried out with a degree of deformation of 15%. Hot forming temperature [° C] Elongation at break A 5 [%] Yield point Rp0.2 at room temperature [MPa] 330 100 160 300 90 168 275 80 175 230 60 190

Deutlich ist das Ansteigen der Dehngrenze Rp0,2 und das Absinken der Bruchdehnungswerte mit abnehmender Warmumformtemperatur zu erkennen. Dies überrascht insofern nicht, da mit abnehmender Temperatur bei der Warmumformung vermehrt Verfestigungen in die Probenkörper eingebracht werden, die nicht mehr abgebaut werden und zu einer Steigerung der Dehngrenze Rp0,2 führen. Bei höheren Warmumformtemperaturen werden diese wieder abgebaut, wobei die Dehngrenze Rp0,2 auch nach einer Warmumformung bei 330 °C noch 160 MPa beträgt.The increase in the yield strength Rp0.2 and the drop in the elongation at fracture can be clearly seen with decreasing hot forming temperature. This is not surprising inasmuch as, as the temperature during hot forming decreases, solidifications are introduced into the specimens which no longer degrade and lead to an increase in the yield strength Rp0.2. At higher hot forming temperatures, these are broken down again, wherein the yield strength Rp0.2 is still 160 MPa even after hot working at 330 ° C.

Claims (11)

Aluminiumlegierung zur Herstellung von Halbzeugen oder Bauteilen für Kraftfahrzeuge,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Legierungsbestandteile der Aluminiumlegierung die folgenden Anteile in Gew.-% aufweist: Si ≤ 0,4 %, Fe ≤ 0,4 %, Cu ≤ 0,2 %, 0,4 % ≤ Mn ≤ 1,2 %, 2,6 % ≤ Mg ≤ 4,0 %, Cr ≤ 0,3 %, Zn ≤ 0,4 %, Ti ≤ 0,2 %, Rest Aluminium, unvermeidbare Begleitelemente einzeln ≤ 0,05 %, in Summe max. 0,15 %. Aluminum alloy for the production of semi-finished products or components for motor vehicles,
characterized in that
the alloy constituents of the aluminum alloy have the following proportions in% by weight: Si ≤ 0.4%, Fe ≤ 0.4%, Cu ≤ 0.2%, 0.4% ≤ Mn ≤ 1.2%, 2.6% ≤ Mg ≤ 4.0%, Cr ≤ 0.3%, Zn≤0.4%, Ti ≤ 0.2%, Rest of aluminum, unavoidable accompanying elements individually ≤ 0.05%, in total max. 0.15%. Aluminiumlegierung nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
zusätzlich die Legierungsbestandteile der Aluminiumlegierung die folgenden Anteile in Gew.-% aufweisen: 0,1 % ≤ Si ≤ 0,2 %, 0,2 % ≤ Fe ≤ 0,35 %, Cu ≤ 0,05 %, 0,6 % ≤ Mn ≤ 1,1 %, 3,1 % ≤ Mg ≤ 3,9 %, Ti ≤ 0,15 %. Aluminum alloy according to claim 1,
characterized in that
in addition, the alloying constituents of the aluminum alloy have the following proportions in% by weight: 0.1% ≦ Si ≦ 0.2%, 0.2% ≤ Fe ≤ 0.35%, Cu ≤ 0.05%, 0.6% ≤ Mn ≤ 1.1%, 3.1% ≤ Mg ≤ 3.9%, Ti ≤ 0.15%. Halbzeug oder Bauteil zumindest teilweise bestehend aus einer Aluminiumlegierung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2.Semi-finished product or component at least partially made of an aluminum alloy according to one of claims 1 or 2. Halbzeug oder Bauteil nach Anspruch 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
das Halbzeug oder Bauteil nach einer Umformung bei Raumtemperatur oder in weichem Zustand bei Blechdicken von mindestens 1 mm eine Dehngrenze Rp0,2 von mindestens 135 MPa aufweist.Semi-finished product or component according to claim 3,
characterized in that
the semifinished product or component has a yield strength Rp0.2 of at least 135 MPa after forming at room temperature or in a soft state at sheet thicknesses of at least 1 mm. Halbzeug nach Anspruch 3 oder 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
das Halbzeug einer Warmumformung mit einem Umformgrad von mindestens 15 % und maximal 50 % bis 120 % bei einer Temperatur von 200 bis 350 °C unterzogen worden ist, das Halbzeug dabei eine Bruchdehnung A5 von mindestens 50 % im Warmzugversuch aufweist und dass das Halbzeug eine Dehngrenze Rp0,2 bei Raumtemperatur von mindestens 150 Mpa aufweist.Semifinished product according to claim 3 or 4,
characterized in that
the semifinished product has been subjected to hot forming with a degree of deformation of at least 15% and a maximum of 50% to 120% at a temperature of 200 to 350 ° C, the semifinished product has an elongation at break A 5 of at least 50% in the hot tensile test and that the semifinished product a Yield point Rp0,2 at room temperature of at least 150 Mpa. Halbzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
das Halbzeug einer Warmumformung mit einem Umformgrad von mindestens 15 % und maximal 60 % bis 90 % bei einer Temperatur von 250 bis 300 °C unterzogen worden ist, das Halbzeug dabei eine Bruchdehnung A5 von mindestens 60 % im Warmzugversuch aufweist und dass das Halbzeug eine Dehngrenze Rp0,2 bei Raumtemperatur von mindestens 165 Mpa aufweist.Semifinished product according to one of claims 3 to 5,
characterized in that
the semifinished product has been subjected to hot forming with a degree of deformation of at least 15% and a maximum of 60% to 90% at a temperature of 250 to 300 ° C, the semi-finished product thereby has an elongation at break A 5 of at least 60% in the hot tensile test and that the semifinished product Yield point Rp0,2 at room temperature of at least 165 Mpa. Halbzeug oder Bauteil nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
der flächenbezogene Massenverlust nach ASTM G67 nach einer thermischen Behandlung von 17 Stunden bei 130 °C maximal 5 mg/cm2 beträgt.Semifinished product or component according to one of claims 3 to 6,
characterized in that
the area-related mass loss according to ASTM G67 a thermal treatment of 17 hours at 130 ° C is a maximum of 5 mg / cm 2 . Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bandes für Halbzeuge oder Bauteile nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
ein Gießbarren oder Band aus einer Aluminiumlegierung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2 gegossen wird, der Gießbarren oder optional das Gießband zu einem Warmband warmgewalzt wird, das Warmband oder das Gießband kaltgewalzt wird und das kaltgewalzte Band einer Endglühung zugeführt wird.Method for producing a strip for semifinished products or components according to one of claims 3 to 7,
characterized in that
casting a cast strip or strip of an aluminum alloy according to claim 1 or 2, the cast bar or optionally the casting strip is hot rolled into a hot strip, the hot strip or the casting strip is cold rolled and the cold rolled strip is fed to a final annealing. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bandes für Halbzeuge oder Bauteile nach Anspruch 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
der Gießbarren oder das Gießband nach dem Gießen und vor den weiteren Verarbeitungsschritten homogenisiert wird.Method for producing a strip for semi-finished products or components according to claim 8,
characterized in that
the pouring bar or the casting belt is homogenized after casting and prior to further processing steps. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bandes für Halbzeuge oder Bauteile nach Anspruch 8 oder 9,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
das Warmband oder Gießband vor dem Kaltwalzen einer Glühung unterzogen wird.Method for producing a strip for semifinished products or components according to claim 8 or 9,
characterized in that
the hot strip or casting strip is subjected to annealing prior to cold rolling. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bandes für Halbzeuge oder Bauteile nach Anspruch 7 bis 9,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
während des Kaltwalzens mindestens eine Zwischenglühung erfolgt.Method for producing a strip for semifinished products or components according to claims 7 to 9,
characterized in that
at least one intermediate annealing occurs during cold rolling.
EP05016538A 2005-07-29 2005-07-29 Process for producing a semi-finished product or component for chassis or structural automotive applications Revoked EP1748088B1 (en)

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PT05016538T PT1748088E (en) 2005-07-29 2005-07-29 Process for producing a semi-finished product or component for chassis or structural automotive applications
PL05016538T PL1748088T3 (en) 2005-07-29 2005-07-29 Process for producing a semi-finished product or component for chassis or structural automotive applications
ES05016538T ES2380343T3 (en) 2005-07-29 2005-07-29 Procedure for the production of a semi-finished product or a construction part in chassis applications or structural mechanisms in a motor vehicle
EP05016538A EP1748088B1 (en) 2005-07-29 2005-07-29 Process for producing a semi-finished product or component for chassis or structural automotive applications
AT05016538T ATE540132T1 (en) 2005-07-29 2005-07-29 METHOD FOR PRODUCING A SEMI-PRODUCT OR COMPONENT OF CHASSIS OR STRUCTURAL APPLICATIONS IN MOTOR VEHICLES

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CN105543741A (en) * 2015-12-17 2016-05-04 西南铝业（集团）有限责任公司 Intermediate annealing process of aluminum alloy and aluminum alloy for automobile covering part
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EP2415895A1 (en) * 2010-08-02 2012-02-08 Benteler Automobiltechnik GmbH Metal moulded part for motor vehicle
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CN105543741A (en) * 2015-12-17 2016-05-04 西南铝业（集团）有限责任公司 Intermediate annealing process of aluminum alloy and aluminum alloy for automobile covering part
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ATE540132T1 (en) 2012-01-15
PL1748088T3 (en) 2012-05-31

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