Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
  • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
  • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
  • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
  • B42D25/36—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
  • B42D25/369—Magnetised or magnetisable materials
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
  • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
  • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
  • B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
  • B42D25/29—Securities; Bank notes
• • B42D2033/16—

Definitions

• the invention relates to security elements for in particular value documents that are activated electronically.
• Value documents are provided with security features to ensure authenticity and originality, which are usually either embedded in the value document or applied to it. After the last production step in manufacturing, the value documents must therefore be stored, transported or issued under the highest safety precautions in order to avoid misuse or tampering. Extensive security measures to protect against manipulation and abuse are also necessary in the case of the return or destruction of valuable documents to be withdrawn from circulation.
• the object of the invention was to provide a document of value, which has a security feature that is activated only when the issue or when put into circulation and that can optionally be deactivated again when taking back.
• the subject of the invention is therefore a value document with a security feature, characterized in that the security feature can be activated and deactivated.
• a security element with magnetic properties is completely embedded in the value document or applied as a window thread to the value document.
• the magnetic layer can be present as a strip or in the form of limited areas.
• the magnetic layer is provided by means of an electromagnetic field with a cryptic key, preferably in direct relation to another security feature of the value document, such as the serial number, value, issue, issue time, graphic elements of the document as mathematically defined elements. Number of revolutions. That is, how many times was the note in the bank to check and is issued again.
• the data is encrypted cryptically, then the document or banknote is passed by a magnetic head during the output.
• the data prepared in accordance with the encryption routine are written to the strip in the dual number system 0, 1.
• the recording takes place like a Tonbad réelle. Basically, the magnetic head reminiscent of a mono cassette recorder head, only the track is much wider (2.8 mm instead of 1.4 mm). The head gap is again perpendicular to the track.
• the digital recording does not work with a bias; instead, the "ribbon" material is magnetized to the saturation region to the ends of the magnetic hysteresis curve. Erasing before writing is therefore unnecessary, and the level of the writing current has no influence on the recording beyond a certain value. Since only changes in the magnetic field in the read head generate a voltage, the read signal initially has little resemblance to the form of the written signal. An amplifier with a subsequent discriminator stage (Schmitt trigger with high hysteresis) provide signal conditioning in the reader. Further stages gain from the signal the write clock and the data contained. This could in principle also do the calculator.
• the magnetic stripe can contain up to three tracks with the serial data.
• F2F Frequency / Double Freuency
• the write density and the number of bits per character are different according to ISO 3554 from track to track.
• the write density is 210 bpi (bits per inch) at 7 bits per character. These 7 bits already contain the parity bit, which supplements each character with odd parity. With the remaining 6 bits on track 1 it is also possible to store alphanumeric characters.
• tracks 2 and 3 use only 5 bits per character, always including parity bits.
• the writing density for track 2 is only 75 bpi, for track 3 210 bpi again.
• the write density and the number of bits per character yields the maximum number of characters that can be stored on each track. For track 1 this is 79 characters, for track 2 a maximum of 40 and for track 3 a maximum of 107, including start and stop characters.
• the least significant bit (b0) comes first, the parity bit at the end as the fifth (b4) or as the seventh bit (b6).
• Pulse Length Modulation PWM
• Frequency Modulation F2F
• PWM Pulse Length Modulation
• F2F Frequency Modulation
• the pulse length modulation is only used with non-ISO cards (parking and copy machines, tickets, etc.). It has the advantage that it is relatively easy to recognize a "reversed” magnetic stripe (magnetically “mirror-inverted” 1: 1 copy) because the synchronization "zeros" with which each record begins appear as "ones".
• Prerequisite is a strict compliance with the signal polarity in the analogue branch (head, amplifier, discriminator).
• the recording must start with a few (depending on the track density 20 to 40) "0" bits before the start character follows the actual recording, so that the reading electronics can collapse to the "0" bit cell width.
• the recording concludes with the end character or the LRC checksum (XOR over the record including start and end characters); according to ISO, the LRC mark is mandatory. The remainder of the track is in turn filled with "0" bits.
• Some special applications also put the LRC character in front of the end character; the XOR checksum is then formed over the payload. Sometimes a repetitive, redundant record of the record (including start and end characters) is found, which of course must be correspondingly short.
• Magnetic strips described by ISO have this form of bit encoding. Also shown are the signals at the output of a reading device.
• the write current is set to magnetize the magnetic material to saturation.
• the writing voltage is between 9 and 12 volts.
• Carrier foils are preferably flexible plastic foils, for example of PI, PP, MOPP, PE, PPS, PEEK, PEK, PEI, PSU, PAEK, LCP, PEN, PBT, PET, PA, PC, COC, POM, ABS, as carrier substrate of the security element , PVC in question.
• the carrier films preferably have a thickness of 5 to 700 .mu.m, preferably 8 to 200 .mu.m, more preferably 12 to 50 .mu.m.
• metal foils for example Al, Cu, Sn, Ni, Fe or stainless steel foils with a thickness of 5-200 ⁇ m, preferably 5 to 80 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 5-50 ⁇ m, may also serve as the carrier substrate.
• the films can also be surface-treated, coated or laminated, for example, with plastics or painted.
• carrier substrates also paper or composites with paper, for example, composites with plastics with a basis weight of 20 - 500 g / m 2, preferably 40 - 2 are used 200 g / m.
• woven or nonwovens such as continuous fiber webs, staple fiber webs and the like, which may optionally be needled or calendered, may be used as the carrier substrates.
• fabrics or webs of plastics such as PP, PET, PA, PPS and the like, but it can also be woven or nonwovens of natural, optionally treated fibers, such as viscose fiber webs are used.
• the fabrics or nonwovens used have a basis weight of about 20 g / m 2 to 500 g / m 2 .
• these fabrics or nonwovens may be surface treated.
• the carrier substrate is printed with a paint or a paint having magnetic properties.
• Magnetic pigment paints or lacquers with pigments based on Fe oxides such as Fe 2 O 3 or Fe 3 O 4 , iron, nickel, cobalt and their Alloys, cobalt / samarium, barium or cobalt ferrite, hard and soft magnetic iron and steel grades in aqueous or solvent-based dispersions.
• Suitable solvents are, for example, i-propanol, ethyl acetate, methyl ethyl ketone, methoxypropanol, aliphatics or aromatics and mixtures thereof.
• the pigments are incorporated in acrylate polymer dispersions having a molecular weight of from 150,000 to 300,000, in acrylate-urethane dispersions, acrylate-styrene or PVC-containing dispersions or in solvent-containing dispersions of this type.
• Magnetic paints or varnishes with pigments based on Cr / Ni steel, Al / Fe 3 O 4 and the like are particularly suitable. These magnetic colors, in contrast to the conventional magnetic colors, which appear black, brown or gray, have a silvery appearance and at the same time have the required magnetic properties described above. This makes it possible to produce the desired or required for many applications shiny metallic appearance in one operation already by printing these magnetic colors. Overprinting or coating with metallic or metal layers to produce the desired appearance is therefore not necessary, but can be done easily, for example, to introduce additional identification features.
• the serial number is read at the issue (ATM, bank counter and the like) by an OCR scanner and the corresponding information is activated.
• Scanners are needed to enter images into a computer.
• the scanner captures images in digital form.
• Each image is then decomposed into a pattern of small dots ("dots"), which are judged either as a black or as a white dot.
• Dots small dots
• Colored images are decomposed in the same way with respect to the different colors.
• the more dpi the more space the electronic copy needs.
• the usual 600 dpi in normal operation have proven to be a good compromise between image playback and storage space.
• Color and intensity of the image are stored point by point, by photosensitive cells that are pushed over the image.
• the resolution of a scanner is called granularity. It is determined by the number of points scanned per centimeter. Due to the large memory requirements of a scanned image, algorithms are used for data compression that compress color files by a factor of two to three.
• MRAMs Magnetic Random Access Memory
• the MRAMs can retain the stored data even after the power is turned off.
• the use of MRAMs virtually connects a quantum-mechanical fingerprint to the value document. In this case, even large data sets can be compared with each other, the characteristic feature of such a data set can be shrunk, in particular be shrunk exponentially.
• the data that the magnetic chip is to carry are transmitted only at the output, for example, at the bank counter, which in turn unauthorized market is detectable and can be excluded.
• the data can then be checked by appropriate readers.
• a value document treated in this way can be checked as to whether it has come into circulation legally by virtue of the activated security element.
• both a DC field and an AC field can be used.
• the distribution of the DC field is now based on a so-called bell curve.
• the maximum field strength of the DC field must reach the value at saturation field strength, so that each ferromagnetic Particles of the sound carrier from any previously remanent induction is magnetized to saturation. After leaving the field, the sound carrier has almost the same magnetization in all parts: the limit remanence. This eliminates the earlier record.
• the sound carrier is first magnetized to saturation. If the quenching choke is removed slowly, the magnetised particles of the sound carrier pass through ever decreasing hysteresis loops up to the demagnetized state. The sound carrier is then demagnetized and thus magnetically neutral. If only parts of a sound carrier to be deleted, which is often the case in practice, especially in the audio studio technology, the arrangement of a special erase head is necessary, it is upstream of the speech head according to the movement device of the sound carrier.
• DIN 33858 (Deletion of sensitive data on magnetic media) specifies requirements for erasing devices for erasing data on flexible data carriers, for example magnetic tapes, floppy disks, cards with magnetic stripes, but not hard disks. Since discarded flexible data carriers can be destroyed in a simple manner (for example by cutting or shredding) so that the data located thereon can not be read or only with great effort, these extinguishing devices are only needed in exceptional cases. The reuse of flexible EDs on which personal data have been located for other purposes is not recommended (see 2.), so no extinguishers are required.

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• Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
• Accounting & Taxation (AREA)
• Finance (AREA)
• Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)

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Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

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Family Applications (1)

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Citations (5)

• 2005
  • 2005-07-25 EP EP05016063A patent/EP1747903A1/fr not_active Withdrawn

Patent Citations (5)

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