EP1747419A1 - Keramische panzerplatte, panzerungssystem und verfahren zur herstellung einer keramischen panzerplatte - Google Patents
Keramische panzerplatte, panzerungssystem und verfahren zur herstellung einer keramischen panzerplatteInfo
- Publication number
- EP1747419A1 EP1747419A1 EP05746412A EP05746412A EP1747419A1 EP 1747419 A1 EP1747419 A1 EP 1747419A1 EP 05746412 A EP05746412 A EP 05746412A EP 05746412 A EP05746412 A EP 05746412A EP 1747419 A1 EP1747419 A1 EP 1747419A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- armor plate
- ceramic
- plate according
- crack stoppers
- crack
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
- F41H5/02—Plate construction
- F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
- F41H5/0414—Layered armour containing ceramic material
Definitions
- the invention relates to a ceramic armor plate.
- the invention further relates to an armor system.
- the invention further relates to a method for producing a ceramic armor plate.
- a tank system is known for example from EP 0 810 415 B1 (DE 697 07 560 T2); this comprises a plurality of ceramic tiles arranged in a layer of tiles.
- the ceramic tiles have the task of destroying the core of an impacting floor due to the hardness of the ceramic.
- the object of the invention is to provide a ceramic armor plate and an armor system which can be produced in a simple manner.
- the ceramic armor plate is integrally formed and comprises a plurality of connected segments which are functionally separated by crack stoppers, the crack stoppers serving to prevent the spread of cracks from one segment to an adjacent segment.
- a one-piece armor plate with integrally produced crack stoppers is provided. This greatly simplifies the production, since it is not necessary to produce a plurality of individual tiles, which then have to be joined, but rather an entire plate is integrally produced, which takes up a larger surface area. Since no coincidence is necessary, the problems associated with this are also avoided. For example, a reduction in size and deformation can occur in the production of ceramic plates. If ceramic tiles are to be joined, then this requires an elaborate production, so that a precise fit can be achieved with small gap widths between the tiles. In the ceramic armor plate according to the invention, however, joining is not necessary, so that the production is less expensive.
- the crack stoppers can be formed in a simple manner during manufacture, for example via cracks which are produced in a defined manner or via grooves which are introduced before the ceramization. This in turn makes it possible to generate the functional segments in a defined manner for the desired application.
- the integration of crack stoppers in the armor plate results in a multitude of options for forming the armor plate. This can be formed, for example, in multiple layers, with in different positions the crack stoppers can be arranged differently. This results in a greater number of control and setting options for the cracking process when firing and thus for the ballistic properties of the armor plate.
- the crack stopper also provides improved protection against multiple bombardment.
- the ' crack stoppers are integrated into the armor plate.
- the armor plate can be produced easily and also an armor system which comprises at least one armor plate according to the invention can be produced in a simple manner.
- the crack stoppers are formed in the solid material of the armor plate, so that no separate and subsequently to be added tiles have to be provided.
- the manufacture of the armor plate is greatly simplified, and a large surface area can be produced in a simple manner.
- the crack stoppers are produced during the manufacture of the armor plate.
- crack stoppers are formed by recesses and / or by recesses.
- the recesses can be made in a simple manner, in particular before the ceramicization of an armor plate pre-body produce. They can be arranged in a defined manner. For example, a grid of recesses can be created. Furthermore, the recesses can be made with a defined depth.
- the recesses in the armored plate produced are no longer necessarily present. For example, these are filled with a release agent before infiltration with carbide-forming substances (such as silicon for siliconization).
- carbide-forming substances such as silicon for siliconization
- the crack stop function is retained, however, since the material of the segments (for example SiC) has a significantly higher speed of sound than the material of the release agent in the recesses (for example BN, C, Si). It is also possible to fill with carbon-rich paste, which is not converted to SiC during siliconization, or with pure silicon.
- the recesses are made in the thickness direction of the armor plate. This divides the armor plate into functional segments, the segments being connected. The recesses prevent crack propagation beyond a segment if a segment experiences an impact, for example due to a bullet impact.
- recesses are made at an angle between 15 ° and 45 ° with respect to a thickness direction of the armor plate. This can be advantageous for certain applications.
- the recesses are not continuous.
- crack stoppers are formed by grooves and / or grooves.
- Such grooves can be produced in a simple manner, for example by milling or laser processing or water jet cutting.
- the depth of the grooves is preferably in the range between 0.05 to 0.9 and preferably between 0.1 and 0.6 of the thickness of the armor plate.
- crack stoppers are formed by perforations and / or by perforations.
- crack stoppers are formed over cracks.
- Such cracks can be produced in a defined manner, for example by placing cover plates (cover layers) on a solid preform which have a different coefficient of thermal expansion than the solid preform. Subsequent ceramization creates an integral composite with cracking.
- the cracks serving as crack stoppers run between an upper side and a lower side of the armor plate. This allows the armor plate to be divided into functional segments, the crack propagation beyond segments being stopped.
- the cracks run at least approximately in the thickness direction of the armor plate.
- the armor plate can be divided into segments which correspond to a tile composite with joints between the tiles, but the armor plate is formed in one piece.
- cover layers are provided, between which the cracks run.
- the top and bottom of the armor plate are covered by a crack-free cover layer.
- the top layers are made of C / C-SiC.
- C / C preforms are respectively fixed on the underside and the top of a porous C preform and a subsequent siliconization is carried out.
- This enables cover layers to be formed from C-C-SiC. Due to the different material properties, a crack structure can be generated during siliconization or when the body infiltrated with silicon cools, the cracks running between the cover layers. This in turn allows the functional segments to be created. The size of segments can be adjusted by using different layers with different coefficients of thermal expansion.
- the distance between crack stoppers is in the range between 5 mm and 100 mm and preferably between 30 mm and 50 mm.
- the layers are integrally formed. For example, several layers during ceramization (such as via the infiltration of liquid silicon, ie siliconization) are joined in one piece (in situ).
- the armor plate is made of a silicon carbide ceramic. This has a high hardness, so that an impacting projectile is destroyed. It is also conceivable to manufacture the armor plate using other carbide-forming metals such as titanium or chrome.
- the crack stoppers are introduced into the ceramic material of the armor plate and are embedded in particular there. In particular, there is no connection to the surfaces.
- the armor plate can be produced in particular from a carbon-containing preform.
- a pre-body can be machined in a simple manner. It can be at least partially ceramized.
- this preform is produced using graphite powder and binders.
- the armor plate according to the invention can be produced inexpensively if the ceramic material of the armor plate is produced using a biomorphic material and in particular a material containing cellulose. Corresponding manufacturing processes are described in the unpublished German application No. 103 29 822.3 dated June 30, 2003 or in DE 199 47 731 AI. Reference is expressly made to these documents.
- the armor plate according to the invention can advantageously be used in an armor system which comprises at least one armor plate according to the invention.
- a corresponding armor system has in particular a multi-layer structure.
- An example is described in EP 0 810 415 B1, to which express reference is made. Instead of a plurality of tiles, as described there, at least one armor plate according to the invention can be used.
- the at least one armor plate then sits on a backing (structural support layer), which is preferably made from a lightweight material such as aluminum or carbon-kevlar or aramid.
- the invention is also based on the object of providing a method for producing a ceramic armor plate which can be carried out in a simple manner.
- crack stoppers are produced in an armor plate pre-body and the armor plate is divided into coherent functional segments via the crack stoppers.
- the crack stoppers (for the armor plate to be produced) are introduced during the production of the ceramic armor plate, specifically in an armor plate pre-body in which the insertion can be carried out easily. This results in easy producibility, whereby defined functional segments can be created by a defined crack stopper generation.
- the method according to the invention has the advantages already explained in connection with the ceramic armor plate according to the invention. Further advantageous embodiments of the method according to the invention have also already been explained in connection with the ceramic armor plate according to the invention.
- the crack stoppers are manufactured before the armor plate material is ceramized. It is then possible to manufacture the crack stoppers, for example, by machining material. At the stage before the ceramization, the material is far less hard than after the ceramization and is therefore easier to process.
- the crack stoppers are produced by producing recesses. These can be produced in a defined manner and in a simple manner by mechanical material processing such as machining material processing (milling, drilling, grinding, etc.) and / or by beam processing such as laser processing or water jet processing.
- the recesses are filled with release agent.
- the release agent has the task of ensuring the crack stop function for the finished armor plate (which is ceramicized).
- the release agent serves to prevent wetting with carbide-forming material during the ceramization.
- it is filled with carbon-rich paste. This allows carbon bars to be made in a ceramic armor plate. It can also be filled with silicon. It is also possible that cracks are defined as crack stoppers.
- the cracks are generated by the connection with cover plates. These cover plates are placed on a preform before the ceramization. Because of the ceramization, for example through siliconization, the cover plates are connected in one piece, cracks being able to be produced.
- cover plates are made of C / C, that is, made of carbon fiber reinforced carbon.
- crack stop structures can be introduced in individual layers. This can control a hail of breakage that occurs when firing to increase ballistic protection.
- Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a first embodiment of a ceramic armor plate according to the invention
- Figure 2 is a schematic representation of a second embodiment
- Figure 3 is a sectional view of the armor plate according to Figure 1;
- Figure 4 is a sectional view of a third embodiment
- Figure 5 is a sectional view of a fourth embodiment
- Figure 6 is a sectional view of a fifth embodiment
- Figure 7 is a sectional view of a sixth embodiment
- FIG. 8 shows a perspective partial sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of an armor system which comprises a ceramic armor plate according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 A first exemplary embodiment of an armor plate according to the invention is shown schematically in FIG. 1 and there is designated as a whole by 10.
- the armor plate 10 is made of a silicon carbide ceramic.
- a carbon-containing armor plate pre-body is produced.
- a cellulose-containing material is used to manufacture the armor plate pre-body, thereby producing a porous pre-body.
- the preform is then converted into an open porous carbon body by means of pyrolysis.
- Grooves 12 are introduced into this pre-body before the ceramization.
- a rectangular grid 14 is produced on grooves 12.
- Crack stoppers are formed by the grooves 12, which prevent the propagation of cracks.
- the grooves 12 or recesses to be introduced into a green body before pyrolysis. (This makes mechanical processing easier.) Shrinkage during pyrolysis reduces the gap between adjacent segments. In the case of a green body with recesses or grooves, the risk of delamination during pyrolysis is reduced since gases can escape more quickly through the recesses or grooves.
- the grooves 12 divide the armor plate 10 into individual segments 16, the segments 16 being contiguous; the armor plate 10 is formed in one piece.
- the segments 16 are functionally defined. They are limited by grooves 12.
- the grooves 12 prevent cracks which occur in one segment (for example in the segment 18 due to the impact of a projectile) from spreading to adjacent segments 20a, 20b, 20c, 20d, 20e, 20f, 20g, 20h.
- the grooves 12 are introduced before the armor plate pre-body is ceramized. This is done, for example, by cutting material processing such as milling and / or by laser processing.
- the grooves 12 extend in a thickness direction d in the armor plate 10.
- the armor plate 10 has a thickness D ( Figure 1).
- the depth of the grooves 12 is preferably in the range between 0.1 times to 0.6 times the thickness D of the armor plate 10.
- a typical depth of the grooves 12 is approximately 6 mm.
- the segments 16, defined by the grid 14 of the grooves 12, have typical transverse dimensions (perpendicular to the thickness direction d) between 30 mm and 50 mm.
- the armor plate pre-body is siliconized;
- the armor plate pre-body is converted into a silicon carbide armor plate by infiltration of materials comprising silicon.
- cellulose-containing powder is used as the starting component for the production of the armor plate pre-body.
- a corresponding manufacturing process in which a porous preform is produced from a cellulose-containing material, the porous preform is converted into an open porous carbon body by means of pyrolysis and the open porous carbon body is infiltrated by materials comprising silicon into a carbide ceramic comprising silicon, in particular silicon carbide). Ceramic, is converted, wherein at least cellulose-containing powder is used as the starting component for the production of the preform) is in the unpublished German patent application
- the grooves 12 can be filled with a release agent such as boron nitride before siliconization; Silicon does not wet the release agent. This leaves imperfections during siliconizing, which serve as crack stoppers.
- 10 crack stoppers are introduced into the armor plate. In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1, these crack stoppers are the grooves 12, which are introduced in the form of a grid. If a projectile hits a segment, for example the segment 18 (hatched for illustration in FIG. 1), the grooves 12 surrounding the segment 18 prevent cracks from spreading into the adjacent segments 20a, b, c, d, e, f , g, h.
- the armor plate 10 can be produced integrally and the crack stoppers are integrally formed in the armor plate 10. For example, it is also possible to manufacture the armor plate 10 with corresponding curvatures.
- non-continuous recesses are made in an armor plate pre-body through the grooves 12. It is also possible, as shown with the aid of a second exemplary embodiment 22 (FIG. 2), that through recesses 24 in the form of perforations are made in an armor plate pre-body before the ceramization. These perforations also serve as crack stoppers to prevent cracks from spreading from one segment 26 to adjacent segments.
- FIG. 3 schematically shows a sectional view through the armor plate according to FIG. 1.
- the superficial grooves 12 can be seen as crack stoppers.
- a surface 30, from which the grooves 12 are made, is preferably opposite an outer side 28 of the armor plate 10.
- the outside 28 preferably faces outside.
- an armor plate as shown schematically in FIG. 4 and there designated as a whole as 32, is constructed in multiple layers, for example with a first layer 34a, a second layer 34b and a third layer 34c.
- the layers 34a, 34b, 34c are integrally connected to one another, so that the armor plate 32 is formed in one piece.
- the layers 34a, 34b, 34c are produced, for example, via separate pyrolyzed preforms, the corresponding layers then being connected to one another in one piece via the siliconization.
- grooves 36 are introduced as crack stoppers before the ceramization (siliconization).
- the introduction is basically as described above with reference to the first embodiment.
- functional segments 38a, 38b, 38c are generated in each layer.
- the segments in each layer are functionally separated by the grooves 36 as crack stoppers.
- a typical depth of the grooves 36 is approximately 3 mm.
- the segments of adjacent layers overlap.
- the segments 38b of the layer 34b each cover the segments 38c and 38a of the layers 34a and 34c.
- grooves 42 and 44 are introduced from opposite surfaces 46, 48.
- the grooves 42, 44 are not continuous and are offset from one another with respect to a direction transverse to the thickness direction d. This also makes functional segments in the Armor plate 40 is formed, the grooves 42, 44 as crack stoppers preventing the propagation of cracks beyond a segment if the corresponding segment is hit, for example, by a projectile.
- an armor plate which is shown in FIG. 6 and is designated there as a whole by 50, a multi-layer structure with a first layer 52a, a second layer 52b and a third layer 52c is provided.
- the layers are, for example, silicon carbide layers which are integrally connected to one another via siliconization.
- the middle layer 52b has cracks 54 which have been produced in a defined manner. The. Cracks run at least approximately parallel to a thickness direction of the armor plate 50.
- the cracks 54 serve as crack stoppers.
- the armor plate 50 is divided into functional segments 56 via them, the corresponding segments being delimited by cracks.
- the cracks 54 as a type of predetermined breaking points, prevent the spreading of
- the cracks can also run at an angle of 15 ° to 45 ° or perpendicular to the thickness direction.
- the armor plate 50 is multi-layered with the cracks 54 as internal defects in situ, that is, the armor plate 50 is formed in one piece.
- cracks 60 for example in FIG a silicon carbide ceramic solid material 62 are formed, the solid material 62 lying between cover layers 64, 66 made of C / C-SiC.
- the cover layers 64, 66 are produced from cover layer pre-bodies, for example from C / C, which are connected to the solid material pre-body for siliconization.
- defined cracks can be formed between the cover layers 64, 66 in the silicon carbide ceramic solid material 62, in particular during cooling.
- a typical thickness of the cover layers 64, 66 is approximately 1 mm.
- armor plates are provided which can be manufactured in a simple manner. For example, technical woods can be used for production.
- crack stoppers are produced in the armor plate pre-body, thereby dividing the armor plate into functional segments.
- the functional segments allow a spatial limitation of the damage zone in the impact, for example by hitting a projectile, on the armor plate.
- the armor plate itself is made integral with the crack stoppers; relatively large panels can be manufactured and installed as a result.
- the plates can also be made with curvatures to better adapt to an application.
- the crack stoppers can be produced in a simple manner before the ceramization in the armor plate pre-body, for example by machining material processing and / or laser processing.
- the functional segments can be manufactured with defined dimensions. The corresponding distances are chosen, for example, so that the so-called three-hit condition is met.
- the armor plates according to the invention can be integrated into an armor system, as is shown schematically in FIG. 8 and there is designated as a whole by 68.
- Such an armor system is described in DE 697 07 560 T2 (EP 0 810 415 B1). Reference is expressly made to this document.
- At least one ceramic armor plate 72 according to the invention sits on a structure support layer 70 (backing).
- the structure support layer 70 can be made of aluminum, for example, or of composite materials such as carbon-Kevlar.
- the (at least one) armor plate 72 is glued to the structural carrier layer 70, for example, via an adhesive layer 74.
- a shattering layer 76 can also be provided, on which the structure support layer 70 is arranged.
- the shattering layer 76 serves to minimize the shattering of the structure support layer 70.
- the armor plate 72 can be covered by a plurality of covering layers 78, 80, 82.
- the armor system 68 is delimited at the top by a steel plate 84.
- EP 0 810 415 B1 The same structure as described there can be used, the at least one armor plate according to the invention being used instead of a plurality of tiles.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
- Finishing Walls (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102004026515A DE102004026515A1 (de) | 2004-05-19 | 2004-05-19 | Keramische Panzerplatte, Panzersystem und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer keramischen Panzerplatte |
PCT/EP2005/005172 WO2005114089A1 (de) | 2004-05-19 | 2005-05-12 | Keramische panzerplatte, panzerungssystem und verfahren zur herstellung einer keramischen panzerplatte |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1747419A1 true EP1747419A1 (de) | 2007-01-31 |
EP1747419B1 EP1747419B1 (de) | 2010-08-04 |
EP1747419B8 EP1747419B8 (de) | 2010-09-15 |
Family
ID=34968913
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP05746412A Not-in-force EP1747419B8 (de) | 2004-05-19 | 2005-05-12 | Keramische panzerplatte, panzerungssystem und verfahren zur herstellung einer keramischen panzerplatte |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20070125223A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1747419B8 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE476636T1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE102004026515A1 (de) |
IL (1) | IL179146A (de) |
WO (1) | WO2005114089A1 (de) |
ZA (1) | ZA200609276B (de) |
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DE10157487C1 (de) * | 2001-11-23 | 2003-06-18 | Sgl Carbon Ag | Faserverstärkter Verbundkörper für Schutzpanzerungen, seine Herstellung und Verwendungen |
DE10164226C5 (de) * | 2001-12-31 | 2011-04-14 | Audi Ag | Formkörper aus faserverstärkten keramischen Verbundwerkstoffen, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und seine Verwendung |
US7070242B2 (en) * | 2002-10-02 | 2006-07-04 | Simula, Inc. | Armor system with monolithic ceramic shell |
US7198860B2 (en) * | 2003-04-25 | 2007-04-03 | Siemens Power Generation, Inc. | Ceramic tile insulation for gas turbine component |
DE10329822A1 (de) * | 2003-06-30 | 2005-01-27 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Keramiken und Bauteil aus einer derartigen Keramik sowie Vorkörper zur Herstellung einer derartigen Keramik |
ATE358807T1 (de) * | 2003-11-25 | 2007-04-15 | Sgl Carbon Ag | Keramische ballistische schutzschicht |
-
2004
- 2004-05-19 DE DE102004026515A patent/DE102004026515A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2005
- 2005-05-12 AT AT05746412T patent/ATE476636T1/de active
- 2005-05-12 DE DE502005010042T patent/DE502005010042D1/de active Active
- 2005-05-12 WO PCT/EP2005/005172 patent/WO2005114089A1/de active Application Filing
- 2005-05-12 EP EP05746412A patent/EP1747419B8/de not_active Not-in-force
-
2006
- 2006-11-07 ZA ZA200609276A patent/ZA200609276B/en unknown
- 2006-11-09 IL IL179146A patent/IL179146A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-11-17 US US11/561,144 patent/US20070125223A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2005114089A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE476636T1 (de) | 2010-08-15 |
ZA200609276B (en) | 2007-09-26 |
IL179146A (en) | 2012-10-31 |
DE102004026515A1 (de) | 2005-12-15 |
DE502005010042D1 (de) | 2010-09-16 |
WO2005114089A1 (de) | 2005-12-01 |
EP1747419B1 (de) | 2010-08-04 |
US20070125223A1 (en) | 2007-06-07 |
EP1747419B8 (de) | 2010-09-15 |
IL179146A0 (en) | 2007-03-08 |
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