EP1743739B1 - Device for blasting rotationally symmetrical parts, in particular metal parts - Google Patents

Abstract

The method involves bringing individual metal parts (1) in a blasting chamber (2) by a spinner (6) and moving the parts along a conveying path through the chamber. The parts are blasted from three sides by a blasting unit. The parts are rotated around a rotary axis, during the passage of the parts through the chamber, where the rotary axis is aligned transverse to a conveying direction of the parts. The individual blasted parts are removed through an outlet of the chamber. The parts are attached on a conveyor belt (5) and moved through the conveyor belt. An independent claim is also included for a device for grit blasting, sanding, deburring, surface finishing and descaling rotationally symmetrical parts.

Description

• die Vorrichtung besteht aus einer Strahlkammer mit einem Einlass am einen Ende und einem Auslass am anderen Ende,
• in der Strahlkammer ist ein Fördermittel vorgesehen, auf dem die zu strahlenden Teile eingangsseitig vereinzelt ablegbar und von dem die Teile ausgangsseitig vereinzelt abnehmbar sind,
• die Strahlkammer weist Mittel zum Aufbringen von Strahlmittel auf die Teile auf, wobei die Mittel derart ausgerichtet sind, dass Strahlmittel beidseitig auf die Seitenflächen der Teile (1) und auf die dem Fördermittel abgewandte Kopfseite der Teile aufgebracht wird,
• in der Strahlkammer sind zusätzlich zum Fördermittel Bewegungsmittel angeordnet, mittels derer die Teile (das Strahlgut) in eine der durch das Transportmittel erzwungenen Transportbewegung überlagerte Drehbewegung um ihre Rotationsachse bewegbar oder bewegt sind, wobei die Aufstandsfläche des Fördermittels, auf der sich die Teile mit einer Umfangsfläche abstützten, quer zur Transportrichtung geneigt ist.

The invention relates to a device for blasting rotationally symmetrical parts (1), in particular metal parts, by means of a blasting medium, in particular for sanding cast iron parts, for sanding, deburring and surface finishing of light metal parts, for descaling castings and forgings, for shot peening metal parts , with the following characteristics;

• the device consists of a blasting chamber with an inlet at one end and an outlet at the other end,
• in the blasting chamber, a conveying means is provided, on which the parts to be blasted on the input side can be deposited individually and from which the parts on the output side can be removed individually,
• the blasting chamber has means for applying blasting agent to the parts, wherein the means are aligned such that blasting agent is applied on both sides to the side surfaces of the parts (1) and to the side of the parts facing away from the conveying means,
• in the blasting chamber in addition to the conveying means of movement are arranged, by means of which the parts (The blasting material) in one of the transport movement forced by the transport means rotational movement about its axis of rotation are movable or moved, wherein the footprint of the conveyor on which the parts are supported with a peripheral surface, is inclined transversely to the transport direction.

In the prior art devices for blasting of parts, in particular metal parts, are known, which consist of a cabin, which serves to protect against dust, and has a system for accelerating the blasting agent. There are also facilities for collecting and conveying the blasting agent available. Radiation is understood to mean a production process in which solid and / or liquid blasting agents impact the workpieces to be processed, the blasting material, at high speed. According to the predominant effect or the purpose of blasting, which is regarded as a priority in each case, a blasting process can be classified in the main groups of forming, separating or material property changes. In order to accelerate the blasting agent to the necessary speed, it is possible to apply the blasting agent through a liquid or gaseous carrier or through a blast wheel. The best known blasting methods are sand blasting, shot blasting and blasting. When blasting is carried out with abrasive blasting, for the purpose of freeing the surface of the workpieces to be machined from rust, scale and other impurities. The carrier used is, for example, compressed air. When shot peening is distinguished between forming and solidification jets. The forming beam is used for shaping or straightening workpieces by introducing plastic deformations and residual compressive stresses into the workpiece edge zone. The solidification blasting is a cold forming process and is used to generate residual compressive stresses in near-surface layers of the blasting material to improve certain component properties, such as fatigue strength, corrosion resistance or wear resistance.

In the prior art, it is customary, for example, deburred metal parts, such as brake discs or brake drums, by means of blasting, descaling and free of Gießsandresten. The blasting agent is applied by means of turbines. The corresponding blasting materials, so the brake discs or brake drums, are introduced into a device and circulated in the apparatus and at the same time in the longitudinal direction of the device, which may be formed for example as a drum; promoted. The parts are supplied, for example via a vibrating trough. Such a procedure, or working with such a device is disadvantageous in that damage to the surfaces of the brake discs or brake drums takes place, since the parts hit each other during circulation and touch each other. In addition, no exactly uniform radiation of the blasting material is achieved.

It has also been suggested that corresponding to radiating parts, such as brake discs or brake drums, individually applied to a frame which is transported by means of a monorail by a blasting device. Such a procedure is very costly because the individual workpieces must be suspended individually and removed from the device after the blasting process. In addition, even here, no uniform loading of the parts with the blasting agent to achieve. Overall, this approach is very time consuming and costly.

In the radiation of such workpieces usually shot peening is used with shot pellets made of cast steel.

From the publication DATABASE WPI Section PQ, Week 198436 Derwent Publications Ltd, London GB; Class P61, AN 1984-224018 XP002356973- & SU 1 065 171 A (AMURLITMASH CASTING) January 7, 1984 (1984-01-07) a device of the generic type is known.

From the US-A-2,131,767 is also a corresponding device previously known.

From the US-A-2,160,697 it is known per se to blast corresponding parts from above and from both sides.

Based on this prior art, the present invention seeks to provide a device of the generic type with which the blasting of parts can be done without damaging the parts, a uniform radiation of the parts can be done and a time and cost radiation is achieved.

To solve this problem it is proposed that the inclination of the conveyor is adjustable.

According to the invention, the parts to be irradiated are introduced individually via suitable conveying means in a blasting chamber. By a further conveying means, the parts are moved along a conveying path through the blasting chamber. The blasting medium is introduced from three sides, namely from the head side and from both sides in the blasting chamber, so that the parts are blasted uniformly on the side surfaces and from the head side. During the passage through the blasting chamber, the parts are rotated about their axis of rotation, so that when passing through a completely uniform radiation is achieved, which can also be realized with little time and cost. At the outlet of the blasting chamber, the parts can be removed occasionally again and be removed for example via a downstream conveyor to a storage place or to a packing location. If it is For example, in the parts around brake discs, which are often designed as ventilated brake discs and have radially outwardly opening slots, these parts can be placed on the peripheral edge on a corresponding conveyor and rotated when passing through the blasting chamber about its axis, so that they are blasted uniformly from both sides and also from the head side, a uniform radiation of the peripheral edge of the parts takes place. Similarly, for example, the processing of brake drums is possible.

Preferably, it is provided that the parts are applied with their peripheral surface on a conveyor and are moved by the conveyor through the blasting chamber, and that act on the parts acceleration or braking means by which the movement of the parts is accelerated or decelerated by the conveyor and thereby forcing the parts into a rolling motion along the conveying path superimposed on the transporting movement generated by the conveying means.

The conveyor may for example be a conveyor belt on which the parts are supported with their peripheral surface. The parts are thus conveyed by the conveyor in the conveying direction through the blasting chamber and at the same time rotatable about its axis of rotation. To achieve the rotation, acceleration means or preferably braking means are provided which engage the corresponding parts and by means of which the movement of the parts through the conveyor on which the parts are parked, accelerated or decelerated is, so that in this way the parts are forced into a rolling movement along the conveying path, which is superimposed on the transport movement generated by the conveying means, such as conveyor belt.

• Änderung der Transportgeschwindigkeit des Transportmittels und/oder
• Änderung der Neigung des Transportpfades oder Transportmittels in oder entgegen der Förderrichtung,
• Änderung der Neigung des Transportpfades oder Transportmittels quer zur Förderrichtung.

Preferably, it is further provided that the passage speed of the parts is adjusted by the blasting chamber by

• Change the transport speed of the means of transport and / or
• Changing the inclination of the transport path or means of transport in or against the conveying direction,
• Changing the inclination of the transport path or means of transport transversely to the conveying direction.

In addition, it is preferably provided that the braking of the parts takes place in that the parts are inclined transversely to the transport direction and are ajar with a side surface to a frictional force on the side surface performing support.

In this arrangement, a frictional force generating means is provided on a side surface, which is aligned approximately orthogonal to the footprint of the conveyor belt or other conveyor. The fact that the parts are inclined transversely to the transport direction, they are under certain force on the corresponding side surface, through which a frictional force is exerted on the side surface of the part, so that the part is braked and forced in rolling motion. By varying the inclination, the braking force can be increased or be reduced so that the speed at which the parts roll, increased or decreased.

In addition, it is provided that the conveying means is moved back and forth limited transversely to the conveying direction.

The fact that the conveyor is moved transversely to the conveying direction limited back and forth, it is achieved that the blasting agent does not always meet at the same place on funding and thus no targeted wear or trough formation is generated on the conveyor. The service life of the conveyor is thus improved.

It is preferably provided that the conveying means is a circulating conveyor belt.

To automate the loading and thus make the blasting process more cost effective, it is provided that the input side of the conveyor an inlet conveyor is arranged by means of which the parts (blasting material) from a flat reclining position in which they are stored with a side surface on the inlet conveyor , in an inclined, upright transport position are displaced, so that they are with their peripheral surface on the conveyor supportive transferable to the funding.

In addition, it can be provided that the blasting chamber has blasting wheels as a means for applying blasting agent, which are arranged on the upper side and laterally on the jacket of the blasting chamber and optionally provided distributed repeatedly in the longitudinal direction of the blasting chamber.

In addition, it can preferably be provided that between a frame of the device and the blasting chamber actuators are provided by means of which the blasting chamber is limited to rotate about its longitudinal axis.

This arrangement ensures that, for example, the funding itself or other components that are in the blasting chamber, must be adjusted in their inclination and must be changeable, but the entire blasting chamber is rotated about its longitudinal axis, so that thereby the inclination of Conveyor (conveyor belt) or the relative inclination of the moving means can be adjusted, whereby the residence time and the rotational speed of the parts to be irradiated can be varied.

Furthermore, it is preferably provided that the movement means are formed by guide skids, which are arranged laterally above the conveying means and on which the blasting material rests with a side surface.

Here, it is preferably provided that the guide runners are arranged in a height of the conveyor, which is greater than the radius of the blasting material.

In addition, it is preferred that the guide runners have a contact surface for the blasting material, which has a high frictional resistance.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the blasting chamber is tilt-adjustable in the transport direction.

As a result, the inclination of the means of transport, for example, conveyor belt, variable, so that also the passage speed of the parts through the blasting chamber can be varied.

In concretization is preferably provided that the blasting chamber is mounted at one end, preferably inlet side, in a pivot bearing, the pivot axis is directed transversely to the transport direction and horizontally, and that the blasting chamber at the other end, preferably near the outlet end via an adjustment with a stationary Frame part is connected, by means of which the blasting chamber is limited pivotable about the pivot bearing.

It can be provided that the adjusting element is at least one threaded spindle with electromechanical spindle drive.

Furthermore, it is preferably provided that the conveying means is arranged transversely adjustable within the blasting chamber.

This ensures that the radiating parts to be rolled do not always run in the same lane, but constantly affect other areas of the conveyor by displacement of the conveyor, so that the conveyor, in particular conveyor belt, is subjected to less wear. It is preferably provided that the conveying means is oscillating transversely adjustable by means of Spindelhubelementen.

The particular advantages of this device are in particular that an increase in service life is achieved by the transverse displacement of the conveyor belt or the like. The total aggregate is around a certain Angular degree rotatable to change the frictional force acting on the continuous parts and causing their rotation relative to the conveyor. In addition, the inclination of the conveyor belt can be changed within limits in order to increase the throughput speed. With this device, a uniform radiation of the blasting material can be made from three sides, so that the blasting material can be blasted inexpensively with high quality. The method according to the invention or the device according to the invention is particularly suitable for brake drums and brake discs as well as wheel bodies or other rotationally symmetrical parts. The parts are guided individually through a conveyor belt with continuous rotation through the system and thereby blasted defined from above and from both sides. It is a specific regulation of the flow rate and of course the beam intensity on drum tilt and tape feed variable. Blasting in a continuous flow principle offers operational and cost advantages. Thus, through the continuous principle, a fully automatic production with higher production consistency is achieved. In addition, the operating costs are reduced by integrating the blasting process into an automated production line. There is no intermediate storage and no part tracking necessary because the method and apparatus operates on the first-in-first-out principle. Manual handling operations are largely reduced or avoided. The corresponding parts go through the plants individually, almost in single file, with a secure workpiece transport is achieved. It becomes a defined, uniform blasting of all parts achieved, with no impact damage by touching parts occur. The rotational speed of the parts can be varied by adjusting the inclination of the blasting chamber about its longitudinal axis, for example from 30 ° to 50 °. In such a device, of course, a dispensing slot for the escape of sand, scale and undersize is provided at the bottom of the device. The blasting agent withdrawn from the chamber can be cleaned and recycled to the blasting wheels or the like.

An embodiment of the invention or an apparatus for carrying out the method according to the invention is described in more detail below.

It shows:

FIG. 1

essential parts of a device according to the invention in view;

FIG. 2

the device seen in side view;

FIG. 3

the device in the direction of arrow Z of FIG. 2 seen;

FIG. 4

the device seen from the inlet side frontally;

Figure 5 to 7

Details of the device shown schematically;

FIG. 8

a detail of the device seen in side view;

FIG. 9

a detail of the device in the direction of arrow W of FIG. 8 seen;

FIGS. 10 and 11

a detail of the device seen from the front and in side view;

FIGS. 12 and 13

another detail in the same direction;

FIGS. 14 and 15

seen a further detail in the longitudinal direction and in side view of the device.

In the drawing, a device for blasting rotationally symmetrical parts 1, for example, brake discs for motor vehicles is shown, for example, in FIG. 1 and 2 The device shown consists of a blasting chamber 2 an inlet at 3 and an outlet at 4. Preferably, a feed device is provided on the inlet side, by means of which the parts are isolated fed to the device in the correct position. At the outlet 4 of the device, an arrangement is preferably provided, on which the parts are stored individually and transferred to further processing, packaging or storage positions. In the blasting chamber 2, a conveying means 5 is provided in the form of a conveyor belt, on which to be blasted Parts 1 are deposited separately on the input side and from which the parts are removed on the output side in isolated form. The blasting chamber 2 has means 6 for applying blasting agent to the blasting material. These agents are, for example, blast wheels.

These means for applying blasting agent are only partially visible and indicated in the drawing. These means 6, in particular spinners, are arranged in the exemplary embodiment such that three spinner wheels radiated the left side of the blasting material parked on the conveyor 5, correspondingly three further spinner wheels are arranged opposite one another so that the right side is blasted and there are further spinner wheels overhead arranged so that the blasting material 1 on the side facing away from the conveyor 5, is blasted. The blasting chamber 2 is open at the bottom, so that the blasting agent can exit through a slot and be dropped onto a blast conveying channel 7. The blasting agent can be supplied to a regeneration and separation system through this blast conveying channel 7, the blasting blasting agent then being returned to the process, ie introduced into the blasting chamber 2 by means of the blasting wheels 6.

like in particular FIGS. 4 to 7 can be seen, in the blasting chamber 2 in addition to the conveyor 5 movement means 8 arranged laterally, by means of which the parts 1 are moved in one of the transport by the transport 5 forced transport movement in the direction of the arrow 9 superimposed rotary motion about its axis of rotation.

In the drawing figure 4, the upper run and the lower run of the conveyor 5 is shown. The parts 1 are on the upper strand 5 with its peripheral edge. The footprint, which is formed by the conveying means 5 for the blasting material 1, is inclined transversely to the transport direction, as in the FIGS. 6 and 7 illustrated, wherein the inclination can be set differently. The movement means 8 are formed by guide skids, which are arranged laterally above the conveyor 5, where the grit 1 with a side surface applies, as illustrated in the drawing figures 4, 6 and 7. These moving means 8 in the form of the guide runners are equipped such that they have a sufficient frictional resistance, so that the blasting material 1, when it is moved by the conveyor 5 in the transport direction, by the frictional force due to the support of the side surface of these guide skids in a rotational movement is offset, as indicated by the movement arrow 10. The guide skids (8) are stationary, so arranged and held fixed to the frame in the blasting chamber 2.

like in particular FIGS. 6 and 7 can be seen at a steep inclination of the conveyor 5, a low feed rate for the blasting material is reached, with a high frictional force on the moving means 8, in particular guide runners, is achieved. It is thus achieved a low frictional force against the conveyor 5 and a high frictional force against the guides (8). As a result, the residence time of the blasting material in the blasting chamber 2 is increased and a correspondingly high number of rotations of the blasting material 1 during the passage reached through the blasting chamber. In FIG. 7 It is shown that at a steeper angle of attack, the frictional force between the blasting material 1 and the conveying means 5 is greater, while the frictional force between the blasting material 1 and the guides (8) is smaller. In this case, a higher feed speed is achieved, wherein over the course of the blasting chamber the blasting material 1 performs a smaller number of rotations. In particular, all parts described are so connected to the blasting chamber 2, that the inclination adjustment of both the conveyor 5 and the guides 8 is effected by rotation of the blasting chamber 2 about its longitudinal axis.

As in particular from FIG. 4 and FIGS. 14 and 15 can be seen, between a frame 11 of the device and the blasting chamber 2 actuators 12 are arranged, by means of which the blasting chamber 2 is limited rotatable about its longitudinal axis. The adjusting means 12 may be, for example, drive spindles, by means of which the corresponding adjustment of the blasting chamber 2 is made possible. The blasting chamber 2 is supported on bearing rollers 13. In addition, as in FIG. 2 and FIGS. 10 to 13 illustrates the blasting chamber 2 adjustable so that their inclination and thus the inclination of the conveyor 5 located therein can be adjusted in the transport direction. For this purpose, the blasting chamber 2 is close to the inlet in a pivot bearing 14 about a transversely to the conveying direction, horizontally directed axis pivotally mounted. At the other end, the blasting chamber 2 via an adjusting element 15 with a stationary frame part sixteenth connected, by means of which the blasting chamber 2 is pivotable about the pivot bearing 14 and thus tilt adjustable. The adjusting element 15 can be realized for example by threaded spindles with electromechanical spindle drive.

The conveyor 5, which in FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 is shown in detail, consists of a conveyor belt, which is deflected about a drive roller 17 and a circulation roller 18, wherein the roller 17 is driven and the roller 18 is formed as a tension roller to tension the belt (5) can.

So that during the commissioning of the conveyor 5, the blasting material 1 does not constantly rests in the same position of the conveyor belt, the conveyor 5 is arranged transversely displaceable, including a drum adjustment 19 is provided with a guide 20 for the drum adjustment. The drum drive is indicated at 21. The drum adjustment is provided both on the drive drum and on the tail pulley 17,18, so that the conveyor 5, for example, oscillating or intermittently transversely adjustable, so it is movable back and forth, so that the contact area of the blasting material 1 is constantly at another location and thus longer service life of the conveyor 5 is achieved, since this is not constantly applied to the same place.

Although in the description of the embodiment, the blasting material 1 is offset by braking in a rotation, it is also possible, the blasting material by a To rotate accelerated movement relative to the means of transport, for example, by the guide runners (moving means 8) are formed by a transport belt, the faster circulation speed, as the conveyor 5, so that in this way a rotational movement of the blasting material 1 on the conveyor 5 is achieved.

The invention is not limited to the embodiments, but defined by the claims.

Claims (13)

1. Device for blasting rotationally symmetrical parts (1), in particular metal parts by means of an abrasive, in particular for de-sanding cast iron parts, for de-sanding, de-burring and for surface finishing light alloy parts, for de-scaling castings and forgings, for shot-blasting metal parts, comprising the following features:

   - the device consists of a blast chamber (2) with an inlet (3) at one end and an outlet (4) at the other end,

   - in the blast chamber (2) there is provided a conveyor belt (5), on which the parts to be blasted (1) can be placed individually on the inlet side and from which the parts (1) can be removed individually on the outlet side,

   - the blasting chamber (2) has means (6) for applying abrasive onto the parts (1) wherein the means are aligned in such a way that abrasive is applied onto both side faces of the parts (1) and onto the head side, turned away from the conveyor belt (5), of the parts (1),

   - in the blast chamber (2) additionally to the conveyor belt (5) movement means (8) are arranged, by which the parts (1) (the objects being blasted) can be or are moved around their rotary axis into a rotary motion superimposed over the conveying motion forced by the conveyor belt (5), wherein the support face of the conveyor belt (5) on which a peripheral face of the parts (1) rests, is inclined transverse to the conveying direction, characterized in that the inclination of the conveyor belt (5) can be adjusted.
2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the conveyor belt (5) is a circulating conveyor belt.
3. Device according to either of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that a feed conveyor belt is arranged upstream of the conveyor belt (5) on the inlet side by means of which the parts (1) (objects being blasted) can be changed from a flat lying position, in which they are placed with a side face onto the feed conveyor belt, to an inclined, upright conveying position, so that they can be transferred to the conveyor belt (5), being supported on the conveyor belt (5) with their peripheral face.
4. Device according to anyone of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the blast chamber (2) has spinners as means for applying abrasive (6), which are arranged on the upper side and laterally on the casing of the blast chamber (2) and are provided if necessary distributed several times in the longitudinal direction of the blast chamber (2).
5. Device according to anyone of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that actuators (12), by means of which the blast chamber (2) can be swivelled to a limited degree around its longitudinal axis, are provided between a trestle stand (11) of the device and the blast chamber (2).
6. Device according to anyone of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the movement means are formed by guide skids (8), which are laterally arranged above the conveyor belt (5) and against which the side face of the parts (1) lies.
7. Device according to claim 6, characterized in that the guide skids (8) are arranged at a height above the conveyor belt (5), which is greater than the radius of the parts (1).
8. Device according to anyone of claims 6 or 7, characterized in that the guide skids (8) have a contact surface for the parts (1), which possesses a high frictional resistance.
9. Device according to anyone of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the inclination of the blast chamber (2) is adjustable in the conveying direction.
10. Device according to claim 9, characterized in that the blast chamber (2) at one end, preferably on the inlet side, is mounted in an articulated bearing (14), whose swivel axis is aligned horizontal and transverse to the conveying direction, and in that the blast chamber (2) at the other end, preferably close to the outlet end is connected via an adjusting element (15) to a stationary trestle stand part (16), by means of which the blast chamber (2) can be swivelled to a limited degree around the articulated bearing (14).
11. Device according to claim 10, characterized in that the adjusting element (15) is at least one threaded spindle with electro-mechanical spindle drive.
12. Device according to anyone of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the conveyor belt (5) is arranged so as to be adjustable transversely inside the blast chamber (2).
13. Device according to claim 12, characterized in that the conveyor belt (5) can be adjusted transversely in an oscillating way by means of spindle lifting elements.

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