EP1740681A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung von schmierfett - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung von schmierfettInfo
- Publication number
- EP1740681A1 EP1740681A1 EP05857306A EP05857306A EP1740681A1 EP 1740681 A1 EP1740681 A1 EP 1740681A1 EP 05857306 A EP05857306 A EP 05857306A EP 05857306 A EP05857306 A EP 05857306A EP 1740681 A1 EP1740681 A1 EP 1740681A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- liquid composition
- polymeric
- meth
- carbon atoms
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- -1 ester compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 85
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 65
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 28
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920000089 Cyclic olefin copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 7
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003623 enhancer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims 1
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphonic acid group Chemical group P(O)(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 49
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 29
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 29
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 29
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 17
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 14
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 9
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 150000002734 metacrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000002688 maleic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-L fumarate(2-) Chemical class [O-]C(=O)\C=C\C([O-])=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 5
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- XSCHRSMBECNVNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinoxaline Chemical compound N1=CC=NC2=CC=CC=C21 XSCHRSMBECNVNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Indole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=CC2=C1 SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000004103 aminoalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000010560 atom transfer radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 4
- USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl ether Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000693 micelle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7H-purine Chemical compound N1=CNC2=NC=NC2=C1 KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 3
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000004435 Oxo alcohol Substances 0.000 description 3
- PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenazine Natural products C1=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000000000 cycloalkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 3
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 150000003623 transition metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- JSPLKZUTYZBBKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioxidane Chemical compound OOO JSPLKZUTYZBBKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NALFRYPTRXKZPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-bis(tert-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1CC(C)(C)CC(OOC(C)(C)C)(OOC(C)(C)C)C1 NALFRYPTRXKZPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYADHXFMURLYQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4-triazine Chemical compound C1=CN=NC=N1 FYADHXFMURLYQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VMLKTERJLVWEJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-naphthyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC2=CC=CN=C21 VMLKTERJLVWEJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IANQTJSKSUMEQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzofuran Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC=CC2=C1 IANQTJSKSUMEQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FCEHBMOGCRZNNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzothiophene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC=CC2=C1 FCEHBMOGCRZNNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ULQISTXYYBZJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCC(O)CCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O ULQISTXYYBZJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XVTPGZQPUZSUKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCN1CCCC1=O XVTPGZQPUZSUKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DJKKWVGWYCKUFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butoxyethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCOCCOC(=O)C(C)=C DJKKWVGWYCKUFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PGMMQIGGQSIEGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethenyl-1,3-oxazole Chemical class C=CC1=NC=CO1 PGMMQIGGQSIEGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JDCUKFVNOWJNBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethenyl-1,3-thiazole Chemical compound C=CC1=NC=CS1 JDCUKFVNOWJNBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KQWDURCUENVKII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxyethoxymethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOCCOCOC(=O)C(C)=C KQWDURCUENVKII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004493 2-methylbut-1-yl group Chemical group CC(C*)CC 0.000 description 2
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- AHLWZBVXSWOPPL-RGYGYFBISA-N 20-deoxy-20-oxophorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate Chemical compound C([C@]1(O)C(=O)C(C)=C[C@H]1[C@@]1(O)[C@H](C)[C@H]2OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCC)C(C=O)=C[C@H]1[C@H]1[C@]2(OC(C)=O)C1(C)C AHLWZBVXSWOPPL-RGYGYFBISA-N 0.000 description 2
- DPZYLEIWHTWHCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-ethenylpyridine Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CN=C1 DPZYLEIWHTWHCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NSPMIYGKQJPBQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4H-1,2,4-triazole Chemical compound C=1N=CNN=1 NSPMIYGKQJPBQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GDRVFDDBLLKWRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4H-quinolizine Chemical compound C1=CC=CN2CC=CC=C21 GDRVFDDBLLKWRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NUXLDNTZFXDNBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-bromo-2-methyl-4h-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one Chemical compound C1=C(Br)C=C2NC(=O)C(C)OC2=C1 NUXLDNTZFXDNBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylmethacrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GDFCSMCGLZFNFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylaminopropyl Methacrylamide Chemical compound CN(C)CCCNC(=O)C(C)=C GDFCSMCGLZFNFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical compound C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxyethyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCO WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001602688 Pama Species 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002396 Polyurea Polymers 0.000 description 2
- KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazine Chemical compound C1=CN=CC=N1 KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazole Chemical compound C=1C=NNC=1 WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000003158 alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004453 alkoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O ammonium group Chemical group [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001204 arachidyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 150000005840 aryl radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007514 bases Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WZJYKHNJTSNBHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzo[h]quinoline Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 WZJYKHNJTSNBHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001160 methoxycarbonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000004184 methoxymethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])OC([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- YVKIOPQNPJMZIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylsulfinylmethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCS(C)=O YVKIOPQNPJMZIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001421 myristyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- DUWWHGPELOTTOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(5-chloro-2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-oxobutanamide Chemical compound COC1=CC(OC)=C(NC(=O)CC(C)=O)C=C1Cl DUWWHGPELOTTOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butylhexane Natural products CCCCCCCCCC DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- KKFHAJHLJHVUDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-vinylcarbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(C=C)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 KKFHAJHLJHVUDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012454 non-polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001196 nonadecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- ZCYXXKJEDCHMGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonane Chemical compound CCCC[CH]CCCC ZCYXXKJEDCHMGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N normal nonane Natural products CCCCCCCCC BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HMZGPNHSPWNGEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C HMZGPNHSPWNGEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019645 odor Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000001117 oleyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])/C([H])=C([H])\C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002895 organic esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000864 peroxy group Chemical group O(O*)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950000688 phenothiazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QIWKUEJZZCOPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 QIWKUEJZZCOPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- XGRBZUSXGVNWMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylmethoxymethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCOCC1=CC=CC=C1 XGRBZUSXGVNWMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GFNHASIYLNRZIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphono 2-methyl-3-propylhex-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCC(CCC)=C(C)C(=O)OP(O)(O)=O GFNHASIYLNRZIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFSXCDWNBUNEEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalazine Chemical compound C1=NN=CC2=CC=CC=C21 LFSXCDWNBUNEEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enylbenzene Chemical compound C=CCC1=CC=CC=C1 HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000001501 propionyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004742 propyloxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002568 propynyl group Chemical group [*]C#CC([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridazine Chemical compound C1=CC=NN=C1 PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BWESROVQGZSBRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrido[3,2-d]pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=NC=NC2=CC=CN=C21 BWESROVQGZSBRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005604 random copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WYKYCHHWIJXDAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2-ethylhexaneperoxoate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)C(=O)OOC(C)(C)C WYKYCHHWIJXDAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GJBRNHKUVLOCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl benzenecarboperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GJBRNHKUVLOCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005931 tert-butyloxycarbonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(OC(*)=O)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001973 tert-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
- AKZDWOQGSQXGID-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiocyanatomethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCSC#N AKZDWOQGSQXGID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002889 tridecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZTWTYVWXUKTLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylphosphonic acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)C=C ZTWTYVWXUKTLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylsulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C=C NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/06—Mixtures of thickeners and additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M123/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the thickener being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M113/00 - C10M121/00, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M123/04—Lubricating compositions characterised by the thickener being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M113/00 - C10M121/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a macromolecular compound
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M129/68—Esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M177/00—Special methods of preparation of lubricating compositions; Chemical modification by after-treatment of components or of the whole of a lubricating composition, not covered by other classes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
- C10M2203/1025—Aliphatic fractions used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
- C10M2205/0213—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers used as thickening agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
- C10M2205/022—Ethene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
- C10M2205/024—Propene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/04—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing aromatic monomers, e.g. styrene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/04—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing aromatic monomers, e.g. styrene
- C10M2205/046—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing aromatic monomers, e.g. styrene used as thickening agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/06—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing conjugated dienes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/06—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing conjugated dienes
- C10M2205/066—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing conjugated dienes used as thickening agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
- C10M2207/128—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids containing hydroxy groups; Ethers thereof
- C10M2207/1285—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids containing hydroxy groups; Ethers thereof used as thickening agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
- C10M2209/0813—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type used as thickening agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
- C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
- C10M2209/086—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type polycarboxylic, e.g. maleic acid
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
- C10M2209/086—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type polycarboxylic, e.g. maleic acid
- C10M2209/0866—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type polycarboxylic, e.g. maleic acid used as thickening agents
Definitions
- the present invention relates to processes for the production of lubricating grease.
- Greases are known per se and are widely used. Greases, hereinafter also referred to as “fats", are solid to semi-liquid substances which are formed by dispersion of a thickening agent in a liquid lubricant. Other additives (additives) that impart special properties may be included.
- thickener usually alkali metal or Erdakalimetallseifen are used.
- soap-based thickeners are not yet known, such as e.g. Bentonite (clay base) or polyurea.
- Metal soap molecules are present as fine crystals.
- additives In a mechanical phase, additives, solid lubricants and the like are added, as well as control oil for finely adjusting the final consistency.
- the additives are the usual additives in the lubricant industry, such as antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, wear protection additives and metal deactivators. Also, the incorporation of fat-insoluble components such as solid lubricants in the mechanical phase is made.
- EP-A 084 910 Tanaka et al, 03 Aug 1983 (priority JP 6757/82 and 6758/82, Jan. 21, 1982) describes the preparation of a lithium complex fat with a high dropping point and improved noise behavior.
- polymers styrene-butadiene copolymers, styrene-isoprene copolymers, polymethyl methacrylates, polyisobutylenes and ethylene-propylene copolymers
- the polymer is added at 80 ° C. before the structure-forming phase of the fat (process description, page 9). For structure formation, the mixture is heated to 195-215 0 C.
- EP 700986, Meijer et al., Mar. 13, 1996 describes a polymeric thickener for a grease composition wherein the thickener comprises (1) a high molecular weight co- or homopolymer of propylene having an average molecular weight of> 200,000 and (2) a low molecular weight propylene a molecular weight of ⁇ 100,000.
- the oil bleeding at low temperatures as well as the noise behavior and the mechanical stability of the grease are improved.
- the incorporation of the polymer takes place in this case in a temperature range above the melting point of the polymer, ie in the temperature range of 190-210 0 C.
- the addition of polymers to lubricating greases determines certain physical parameters, e.g. improved rheological properties or the water resistance of fats.
- certain physical parameters e.g. improved rheological properties or the water resistance of fats.
- the described addition of polymers during or prior to the manufacturing process is a limitation for the user, as he must adapt to certain formulations and process parameters which he can not readily change.
- the greases obtainable by the present process should have excellent properties. These include, among other things, a particularly high water resistance, an excellent consistency and a high homogeneity.
- composition of a fat-containing dispersion comprising at least one thickening agent and at least one lubricating oil, added, succeeds in not easily foreseeable manner method
- adding these polymers after the patterning phase may result in a change in the consistency of the fat, for example, undesirable thinning of the fat.
- Preferred polymeric structural improvers lead to an improvement in the water resistance of at least 5%, if they are present in an amount of 1 wt .-%, based on the total weight, in a dispersion. This improvement relates to the water resistance of this dispersion without polymeric structure improvers.
- the polymeric structural improvers generally have a weight average molecular weight in the range of 10,000 to 10,000,000 g / mol, preferably
- the polymeric structural improvers include in particular polymers derived from olefinic esters, polyolefin copolymers (OCP) and. hydrogenated styrene-diene copolymers (HSD).
- Polymers useful as structural enhancers derived from olefinic esters are known in the art and are commercially available. Particularly preferred polymers of this class can be obtained by polymerization of monomer compositions, which may in particular comprise (meth) acrylates, maleates and / or fumarates which may have different alcohol radicals.
- component a) examples include (Meth) acrylates, fumarates and maleates derived from saturated alcohols, such as methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, n-propyl (meth) acrylate, iso-propyl (meth) acrylate, n-butyl (meth ) acrylate, tert-butyl (meth) acrylate and
- compositions to be polymerized to prepare preferred polymeric structural enhancers may be from 50 to 100 weight percent, more preferably from 55 to 95 weight percent, based on the weight of the monomer compositions for making the polymeric structurants, one or more ethylenically unsaturated ester compounds of the formula (II)
- R is hydrogen or methyl
- R 4 is a linear or branched alkyl radical having 6 to 30 carbon atoms
- R 5 and R 6 are independently hydrogen or a group of the formula -COOR ", where R" is hydrogen or an alkyl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms means included.
- Cycloalkyl (meth) acrylates such as 2,4,5-tri-t-butyl-3-vinylcyclohexyl (meth) acrylate,
- Cycloalkyl (meth) acrylates such as 3-vinylcyclohexyl (meth) acrylate,
- the (meth) acrylates with a long-chain alcohol radical in particular the compounds according to component (b), can be obtained, for example, by reacting (meth) acrylates and / or the corresponding acids with long-chain fatty alcohols, a mixture of esters, such as, for example, Meth) acrylates with different long-chain alcohol radicals.
- These fatty alcohols include Oxo Alcohol® 7911 and Oxo Alcohol® 7900, Oxo Alcohol® 1100 from Monsanto; Aiphanoi® 79 from ICI; Nafol® 1620, Alfol® 610 and Alfol® 810 from Sasol; Epal® 610 and Epal® 810 from Ethyl Corporation; Linevol® 79, Linevol® 911 and Dobanol® 25L from Shell AG; Lial 125 from Sasol; Dehydad® and Lorol® grades from Cognis.
- the mixture for preparing preferred polymeric structural improvers comprises at least 60% by weight, preferably at least 70% by weight, based on the weight of the monomer compositions for the preparation of the polymeric structure improvers, monomers according to formula (II).
- the (meth) acrylates are particularly preferred over the maleates and fumarates, ie R 2 , R 3 , R 5 and R 6 of the formulas (I) and (II) represent hydrogen in particularly preferred embodiments.
- R 2 , R 3 , R 5 and R 6 of the formulas (I) and (II) represent hydrogen in particularly preferred embodiments.
- the methacrylates are preferred to the acrylates.
- the proportion of the (meth) acrylates having 6 to 15 carbon atoms in the alcohol moiety is in the range of 20 to 95 wt .-%, based on the weight of the monomer composition for the preparation of the polymeric structure improvers.
- the proportion of (meth) acrylates having 16 to 30 carbon atoms in the alcohol residue is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 60 wt .-%, based on the weight of the monomer composition for the preparation of the polymeric structure improvers.
- the component c) of the composition to be used for the preparation of preferred polymeric structure improvers comprises, in particular, ethylenically unsaturated monomers which can be copolymerized with the ethylenically unsaturated ester compounds of the formulas (I) and / or (II).
- R 3 * and R 4 * are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen (preferably fluoro or chloro), alkyl groups of 1 to 6 carbon atoms and COOR 9 * , where R 9 * is hydrogen, an alkali metal or an alkyl group of 1 to 40 Carbon atoms, are, or R 1 * and R 3 * can together form a group of the formula (CH 2 ),!
- Phenyl methacrylate wherein the aryl radicals may each be unsubstituted or substituted up to four times;
- Methacrylates of halogenated alcohols such as
- Vinyl halides such as vinyl chloride, vinyl fluoride, vinylidene chloride and vinylidene fluoride; Vinyl esters, such as vinyl acetate;
- Heterocyclic vinyl compounds such as 2-vinylpyridine, 3-vinylpyridine, 2-methyl
- N-vinylpyrrolidine 3-vinylpyrrolidine, N-vinylcaprolactam, N-vinylbutyrolactam,
- maleic acid and maleic acid derivatives such as maleic anhydride,
- Acrylic acid and (meth) acrylic acid Dienes such as divinylbenzene.
- compositions for preparing preferred structural improvers comprise monomers which can be represented by the formula (III)
- R is independently hydrogen or methyl
- R 7 is independently a 2 to 1000 carbon group comprising at least one heteroatom
- X is independently a sulfur or oxygen atom or a group of the formula
- the radical R 7 represents a group comprising 2 to 1000, in particular 2 to 100, preferably 2 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the term "2 to 1000 carbon group” denotes radicals of organic compounds having 2 to 1000 carbon atoms. It includes aromatic and heteroaromatic groups as well as alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkoxy, alkenyl, alkanoyl, alkoxycarbonyl and heteroaliphatic groups.
- the groups mentioned can be branched or unbranched. Furthermore, these groups may have conventional substituents.
- Substituents are, for example, linear and branched alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, 2-methylbutyl or hexyl; Cycloalkyl groups such as cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl; aromatic groups, such as phenyl or naphthyl; Amino groups, ether groups, ester groups and halides.
- aromatic groups are radicals of mononuclear or polynuclear aromatic compounds having preferably 6 to 20, in particular 6 to 12, carbon atoms.
- Heteroaromatic groups denote aryl radicals in which at least one CH group has been replaced by N and / or at least two adjacent CH groups have been replaced by S, NH or O, heteroaromatic groups having from 3 to 19 carbon atoms.
- Preferred aromatic or heteroaromatic groups according to the invention are derived from benzene, naphthalene, biphenyl, diphenyl ether, diphenylmethane, diphenyldimethylmethane, bisphenone, diphenylsulfone, thiophene, furan, pyrrole, thiazole, oxazole, imidazole, isothiazole, isoxazole, pyrazole, 1,3,4-oxadiazole , 2,5-Diphenyl-1, 3,4-oxadiazole, 1, 3,4-thiadiazole, 1, 3,4-triazole, 2,5-diphenyl-1, 3,4-triazole, 1, 2.5 -Triphenyl-1, 3,4-triazole, 1, 2,4-oxadiazole, 1, 2,4-thiadiazole, 1, 2,4-triazole, 1, 2,3-triazole, 1, 2,3,4 Tetrazole, benzo [b] thiophene
- the preferred alkyl groups include the methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, 1-butyl, 2-butyl, 2-methylpropyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, 2-methylbutyl, 1, 1 Dimethylpropyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl, nonyl, 1-decyl, 2-decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, pentadecyl and the eicosyl group.
- Preferred cycloalkyl groups include the cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, and cyclooctyl groups, optionally substituted with branched or unbranched alkyl groups.
- the preferred alkenyl groups include the vinyl, allyl, 2-methyl-2-propylene, 2-butenyl, 2-pentenyl, 2-decenyl and 2-eicosenyl groups.
- the preferred alkoxy groups include alkoxy groups whose hydrocarbon radical is one of the aforementioned preferred alkyl groups.
- Preferred cycloalkoxy groups include cycloalkoxy groups whose hydrocarbon radical is one of the aforementioned preferred cycloalkyl groups.
- the preferred heteroatoms contained in R 10 include, among others, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, boron, silicon and phosphorus.
- the group X in formula (III) can be represented by the formula NH.
- the number ratio of heteroatoms to carbon atoms in the radical R 7 of the formula (III) can be within wide limits. This ratio is preferably in the range from 1: 1 to 1:10, in particular from 1: 1 to 1: 5 and particularly preferably from 1: 2 to 1: 4.
- the residue R 7 of the formula (III) comprises 2 to 1000 carbon atoms. In a particular aspect, R 7 has at most 10 carbon atoms.
- the particularly preferred comonomers include, but are not limited to, hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylates such as 3-hydroxypropyl methacrylate, 3,4-dihydroxybutyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate, 2,5-dimethyl-1,6-hexanediol (meth) acrylate , 1, 10-decanediol (meth) acrylate; carbonyl-containing methacrylates, such as 2-carboxyethylmethacrylate, carboxymethylmethacrylate, oxazolidinylethylmethacrylate, N- (methacryloyloxy) formamide, acetonylmethacrylate, N-methacryloylmorpholine, N-methacryloyl-2-pyrrolidinone, N- (2-methacryloyloxyethyl) -2-pyrrolidinone, N- (3 Methacryloy
- Glycol dimethacrylates such as 1,4-butanediol methacrylate, 2-butoxyethyl methacrylate, 2-ethoxyethoxymethyl methacrylate, 2-ethoxyethyl methacrylate;
- Methacrylates of ether alcohols such as tetra hyd rof ⁇ ⁇ rf ⁇ rrylmetha cryl ä "t ⁇ Vinyloxyethoxyethylmethacrylat, methoxyethoxyethyl methacrylate, 1-butoxypropyl methacrylate,
- Nitriles of (meth) acrylic acid and other nitrogen-containing methacrylates such as
- heterocyclic (meth) acrylates such as 2- (1-imidazolyl) ethyl (meth) acrylate,
- Phosphorus, boron and / or silicon-containing methacrylates such as
- Alkyl (meth) acrylates with ethoxylated alcohols which are particularly preferably 1 to 20, in particular 2 to 8 ethoxy groups.
- the hydrophobic radical of the ethoxylated alcohols may preferably comprise 1 to 40, in particular 4 to 22, carbon atoms, it being possible to use both linear and branched alcohol radicals.
- the ethoxylated (meth) acrylates have an OH end group.
- Lutensol ® A- brands especially Lutensol ® A 3 N, Lutensol ® A 4 N, N Lutensol ® A 7 and A 8 Lutensol ® N
- ethers of the Lutensol ® TO brands especially Lutensol ® TO 2, Lutensol ® TO 3, Lutensol ® TO 5, Lutensol ® TO 6, Lutensol ® TO 65, Lutensol ® TO 69, Lutensol ® TO 7, Lutensol ® TO 79 , Lutensol ® 8 and Lutensol ® 89
- ethers of the Lutensol ® AO brands especially Lutensol ® AO 3, Lutensol ® AO 4, Lutensol ® AO 5, Lutensol ® AO 6, Lutensol ® AO 7, Lutensol ® AO 79, Lutensol ® AO 8 and Lutensol ® ®
- aminoalkyl (meth) acrylates and aminoalkyl (meth) acrylamides such as N- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) methacrylamide (DMAPMAM), and hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylates, such as 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) -especially-bevorzugtr- - ⁇ ⁇
- Very particularly preferred mixtures for the preparation of the polymeric structure improvers comprise methyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, lauryl methacrylate, stearyl methacrylate and / or styrene.
- component c) of the composition to be used for the preparation of preferred polymeric structure improvers comprises, in particular, monomers comprising acid groups or salts thereof.
- Preferred salts are, in particular, the alkali metal salts, such as, for example, the lithium, sodium and / or potassium salts; the alkaline earth metal salts, such as the calcium and / or barium salts and the aluminum salts.
- the alkali metal salts such as, for example, the lithium, sodium and / or potassium salts
- the alkaline earth metal salts such as the calcium and / or barium salts and the aluminum salts.
- the proportion of monomers comprising acid groups or their salts, which may be contained in component c), is preferably from 0.01 to 20% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 10% by weight and more preferably from 0.5 to 5 Wt .-%, based on the weight of the monomer compositions for the preparation of the polymeric structure improvers.
- Acid group-containing monomers are known in the art. These can often be represented by the formula (IV)
- R 3 and R 4 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogens, CN 1 linear or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 20, preferably 1 to 6 and particularly preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms, which have 1 to (2n + 1) Halogen atoms may be substituted, where n is the
- ethylenically unsaturated compounds such as vinylsulfonic acid, vinylphosphonic acid, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, fumaric acid, monoesters of fumaric acid, wherein the alcohol radical may generally comprise 1 to 30 carbon atoms, maleic acid, monoesters of maleic acid, the alcohol radical being generally 1 to 30 Carbon
- the preferred polymeric structural improvers which can be obtained by polymerization of unsaturated ester compounds generally have a molecular weight in the range of 10,000 to 1,000,000 g / mol, preferably in the range of 15 * 10 3 to 500 * 10 3 g / mol and more preferably in the range of 20 * 10 3 to 300 * 10 3 g / mol, without this being intended to limit it. These values are based on the weight average molecular weight of the polydisperse polymers in the composition.
- polymeric structural improvers from the compositions described above is known per se.
- ATRP atom transfer radical polymerization
- RAFT reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer
- Azo initiators such as AIBN and I J-azobiscyclohexanecarbonitrile
- peroxy compounds such as methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, acetylacetone peroxide, dilauryl peroxide, tert-butyl per-2-ethylhexanoate, ketone peroxide, tert-butyl peroctoate, methyl isobutyl ketone peroxide, cyclohexanone peroxide, dibenzoyl peroxide, tert-butyl peroxybenzoate, tert-butyl peroxy isopropyl carbonate , 2,5-bis (2-ethylhexanoylperoxy) -2,5-dimethylhexane, tert-butylperoxy-2-ethylhexanoate, tert-butylperoxy-3,5,5-trimethylhexanoate, di
- the ATRP method is known per se. It is believed that this is a "living" radical polymerization without any limitation to the description of the mechanism.
- a transition metal compound is reacted with a compound having a transferable atomic group.
- the transferable atomic group is transferred to the transition metal compound, whereby the metal is oxidized.
- This reaction forms a radical that adds to ethylenic groups.
- the transfer of the atomic group to the transition metal compound is reversible so that the atomic group is re-transferred to the growing polymer chain, forming a controlled polymerization system. Accordingly, the structure of the polymer, the molecular weight and the molecular weight distribution can be controlled.
- polymers according to the invention can also be obtained, for example, by RAFT methods. This process is described in detail, for example, in WO 98/01478, which is expressly referred to for purposes of the disclosure.
- the polymerization can be carried out at atmospheric pressure, lower or higher pressure.
- the polymerization temperature is not critical. In general, however, it is in the range of -20 ° - 20O 0 C, preferably 0 ° - 130 0 C and particularly preferably 60 ° - 120 ° C.
- the polymerization can be carried out with or without solvent.
- the term of the solvent is to be understood here broadly.
- the polymerization is carried out in a nonpolar solvent.
- nonpolar solvent include hydrocarbon solvents such as aromatic solvents such as toluene, benzene and xylene, saturated hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane, dodecane, which may also be branched.
- hydrocarbon solvents such as aromatic solvents such as toluene, benzene and xylene, saturated hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane, dodecane, which may also be branched.
- solvents can be used individually or as a mixture.
- Particularly preferred solvents are mineral oils, natural oils and synthetic oils and mixtures thereof. Of these, mineral oils are most preferred.
- OCP polyolefin copolymers
- the copolymers containing diene components are generally hydrogenated to reduce the oxidation sensitivity as well as the tendency of the polymers to crosslink.
- the molecular weight Mw is generally from 10,000 to 300,000, preferably from 50,000 to 150,000.
- Such olefin copolymers are described, for example, in German Offenlegungsschriften DE-A 16 44 941, DE-A 17 69 834, DE-A 19 39 037, US Pat. DE-A 19 63 039 and DE-A 20 59 981 described.
- ethylene-propylene copolymers particularly suitable are ethylene-propylene copolymers, terpolymers are also possible with the known Terkomponenten, such as ethylidene norbornene (see Macromolecular Reviews, Vol 10 (1975)), but it is their tendency to crosslink in the aging process into account.
- the distribution can be largely statistical, but it is also advantageous to use sequence polymers with ethylene blocks.
- the ratio of the monomers ethylene-propylene is variable within certain limits, which can be set at about 75% for ethylene and about 80% for propylene as the upper limit.
- polypropylene is already less suitable than ethylene-propylene copolymers.
- those with more pronounced iso- or syndiotactic propylene incorporation can also be used.
- Such products are commercially available for example under the trade names Dutral CO 034 ®, ® Dutral CO 038, Dutral CO 043 ®, ® Dutral CO 058, Buna ® EPG 2050 or Buna ® EPG 5050th
- the hydrogenated styrene-diene copolymers are likewise known, these polymers being described, for example, in DE 21 56 122. They are generally hydrogenated isoprene or butadiene-styrene copolymers.
- the ratio of diene to styrene is preferably in the range from 2: 1 to 1: 2, more preferably at about 55:45.
- the molecular weight Mw is generally from 10,000 to 300,000, preferably from 50,000 to 150,000.
- the proportion of double bonds after the hydrogenation according to a particular aspect of the present invention is at most 15%, more preferably at most 5%, by number the double bonds before the hydrogenation.
- Hydrogenated styrene-diene copolymers can be obtained commercially under the trade name ®SHELLVIS 50, 150, 200, 250 or 260.
- the polymeric structural improvers may be random copolymers. Furthermore, these polymers may be graft polymers and / or block copolymers.
- a polymeric structural improver obtainable by graft polymerization is used in the liquid composition at 25 ° C, a composition comprising components a) to c) being polymerized onto a graft base comprising an olefin copolymer (OCP).
- OCP olefin copolymer
- HSD hydrogenated copolymer
- the polymeric structural enhancers are added in a liquid composition to the dispersion.
- the composition can be both a dispersion and a solution. Accordingly, these compositions have at least one liquid medium.
- Liquid media for dispersing or dissolving the polymeric structural improvers described above are known per se, these media having Alkanes, iso-alkanes with a low degree of branching, so-called monomethyl branched paraffins, and compounds with heteroatoms, in particular O, N and / or S on, which are attributed to polar properties.
- the assignment is difficult, however, since individual alkane molecules can have both long-chain branched groups and cycloalkane radicals and aromatic moieties.
- the assignment can be made, for example, according to DIN 51 378.
- Polar proportions may also be determined according to ASTM D 2007.
- the proportion of n-alkanes in preferred mineral oils is less than 3 wt .-%, the proportion of O, N and / or S-containing compounds less than 6 wt .-%.
- the proportion of aromatics and monomethyl branched paraffins is generally in the range of 0 to 40 wt .-%.
- mineral oil mainly comprises naphthenic and paraffinic alkanes, which generally have more than 13, preferably more than 18 and most preferably more than 20 carbon atoms.
- the proportion of these compounds is generally> 60 wt .-%, preferably> 80 wt .-%, without this being a restriction.
- a preferred mineral oil contains from 0.5 to 30% by weight of aromatic fractions, from 15 to 40% by weight of naphthenic fractions, from 35 to 80% by weight of paraffinic fractions, up to 3% by weight of n-alkanes and 0.05% to 5 wt .-% polar compounds, each based on the total weight of the mineral oil.
- Synthetic oils include, but are not limited to, organic esters such as diesters and polyesters, polyalkylene glycols, polyethers, synthetic hydrocarbons, especially polyolefins, of which polyalphaolefins (PAO) are preferred, silicone oils and perfluoroalkyl ethers. They are usually slightly more expensive than the mineral oils, but have advantages in terms of their performance.
- Natural oils are animal or vegetable oils, such as claw oils or jojoba oils.
- the composition having at least one polymeric structural improver which is liquid at 25 ° C., has a viscosity in the range from 0.01 mm 2 / s to 25 ° C. 100000 mm 2 / s, preferably 0.1 mm 2 / s to 20000 mm 2 / s and more preferably from 1 mm 2 / s to 10000 mm 2 / s according to DIN 51562 on.
- the concentration of the polymeric structure improver in the liquid composition at 25 ° C. is preferably in the range from 1 to 99% by weight, more preferably in the range from 5 to 89% by weight and most preferably in the range from 10 to 80% by weight. %, based on the total weight of the composition.
- the liquid at 25 0 C composition is a grease structure having a dispersion is added comprising at least at least a thickener and a lubricating oil.
- fat structure is known in the art, and this structure may be termed spongy. This structure of the dispersion can be detected for example by microscopic images, wherein the lubricating oil is kept in a thickener.
- the lubricating oil component has previously been described as a medium for polymeric structural improvers, including, but not limited to, mineral oils, synthetic oils, and natural oils.
- the thickeners are known per se in the art and can be obtained commercially. These are described, inter alia, in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Sixth Edition, Vol. 20, 200, Wiley, ISBN 3-527-30385-5, T. Mang and W. Dresel, Lubricants and Lubrication, 2001, Wiley, ISBN 3 -527-29536-4, and Wilfried J. Bartz et al, greases, expert Verl., 2000, ISBN 3-8169-1533-7. These include in particular
- Soap thickeners, inorganic thickeners and polymeric thickeners generally comprise at least one metal component and at least one carboxylic acid anion component.
- the usual metal components include in particular the alkali metals such as lithium, sodium and potassium, the alkaline earth metals such as calcium or barium and aluminum.
- the carboxylic acid anion component generally comprises anions derived from long chain carboxylic acids, many of which have from 6 to 30 carbon atoms. These include, in particular, stearic acid, 12-hydroxystearic acid, octadecanoic acid, eicosanoic acid and hexadecanoic acid.
- carboxylic acid anion component may include anions derived from short chain carboxylic acids having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or from aromatic carboxylic acids. These include in particular acetic acid, propanoic acid and butanoic acid and benzoic acid.
- the soap thickeners can be used as such in the process to produce a dispersion comprising a fatty structure. Furthermore, these can also be prepared in situ from the corresponding acids or their derivatives, for example their esters, as well as basic metal compounds.
- esters with a short-chain alcohol radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, for example the methyl, ethyl, propyl and / or butyl esters, are preferred.
- the preferred basic compounds include, in particular, the oxides, hydroxides and carbonates of the abovementioned metals.
- Preferred soap thickeners include lithium 12-hydroxystearate, lithium complex soaps, aluminum complex soaps, and calcium complex soaps.
- the basic compounds for the preparation of the soaps can be added in an excess or deficiency, resulting in under- or overbased compounds.
- inorganic thickening agents can be used. These include in particular organophilic clays, which may be derived from bentonite, and silica gel.
- polymeric thickeners can be used. These include polyureas as well as thermoplastic powders such as polytetrafluoroethylene and fluoroethylene propylene.
- the weight ratio of lubricating oil to thickener in the dispersion comprising a fatty structure is known per se and described in the aforementioned literature. In general, this ratio is in the range of 100: 1 to 100: 30, preferably 100: 2 to 100: 25, in particular 100: 5 to 100: 15.
- liquid composition comprising at least one polymeric structure improver and / or the dispersion comprising at least one thickener and at least one lubricating oil may contain further additives and additives.
- additives include, but are not limited to, viscosity index improvers, antioxidants, anti-aging agents, anti-wear agents, corrosion inhibitors, detergents, dispersants, EP additives, Friction reducers, dyes, odors, metal deactivators and / or demulsifiers.
- a metal soap is produced from precursors in a first stage.
- metal soap molecules are generated by reaction of the corresponding starting materials in the base oil.
- the metal soap molecules are present as fine crystals. This level is optional as it is not necessary by choosing appropriate precursors.
- the ratio of the weight of the dispersion to the weight of the 25 ° C liquid composition comprising at least one polymeric structure improver is preferably in the range of 100: 1 to 1: 1, more preferably in the range of 50: 1 to 5: 1 and most preferably in the range of 25: 1 to 10: 1.
- the liquid at 25 0 C composition can be of the structure-forming phase, following mechanical phase are added, inter alia, during ejnejL. Furthermore, the composition which is liquid at 25 ° C. can be added to a finished lubricant after the mechanical phase.
- a large amount of a simple grease can be prepared, which can then be adapted in a further step to the particular needs of the end customer by the addition of the liquid at 25 ° C composition, which may contain other additives , As a result, a particularly economical production of small amounts of special greases is possible.
- a lubricating grease has a water resistance of 1 to 50%, particularly preferably in the range of 5 to 35%.
- the cone penetration of preferred greases is in the range of 175 to 385 dmm, more preferably in the range of 220 dmm to 340 dmm.
- the water resistance can be determined according to ASTM D 4049.
- the cone penetration can be measured according to ASTM D 1403.
- the water resistance can be improved by at least 30%, more preferably by at least 50% and most preferably by at least 70%, based on the water resistance of the dispersion to which the liquid composition at 25 ° C. is added become.
- the dispersion comprising grease structure and the liquid at 25 0 C composition is substantially biodegradable.
- this is measured according to RAL-ZU 64.
- the addition of the composition comprising the fat structure at 25 ° C. can be carried out by generally known methods. These include, but are not limited to, stirring, mixing, kneading, rolling and / or homogenizing.
- the temperature, liquid at 25 0 C is added in the composition one comprising grease structure dispersion is not critical. At a high temperature, the liquid composition at 25 ° C is often easier to incorporate in the dispersion. However, the fat structure must be stable at the addition temperature.
- the composition which is liquid at 25 ° C is added at a temperature to the dispersion comprising the fatty structure which is below the dropping point of the dispersion prior to the addition of the liquid composition.
- the dropping point can be determined according to ASTM D 2265.
- the liquid at 25 0 C composition is particularly preferably added at a temperature comprising grease structure dispersion comprising at least 40 0 C, most preferably at least 60 0 C, is lower than the dropping point of the dispersion prior to the addition of the liquid composition.
- the liquid at 25 ° C composition can be at a temperature in the range from 0 0 C to 75 ° C, in particular in the range 25 0 C to 70 0 C are added.
- KV 100 KV 40 kinematic viscosity, measured according to DIN 51562 at 100 0 C and 4O 0 C
- the polymer solutions described in the example are measured in a 150 N measuring oil, the data in () shows the polymer concentration used.
- [ ⁇ ] denotes the intrinsic viscosity, measured according to DIN ISO 16281, Part 6.
- stirrer produces a brownish dispersion which tends even within a few weeks at room temperature to separate the ethylene-propylene copolymers at 100 0 C and 150 rpm. Therefore, the temperature is increased from 100 0 C to 140 ° C and further stirred for 6 hours at 150 rpm to stabilize. Subsequently, an ethoxylated fatty alcohol (for example Marlipal ® 013/20) is diluted with 136.6 g of diluted to 55% polymer content and the mixture was further stirred for half an hour at 100 0 C.
- the KV100 of the product thus produced is 3488 mm 2 / s.
- the KV100 of a 2.8% solution of the product in a 150N oil is 1 111 ,, 4433 m mmm 22 //; s.
- the resulting structure improvers are referred to as e-OCP.
- the polymerization is started by adding 0.73 g of initiator (tert-butylper-2-ethylhexylhexanoate). After a reaction time of 4 hours, 1.21 g of initiator are added and after a further 4 hours, 111 g of 100 N oil are added. The resulting polymer solution is about 50%.
- KV 100 (2% in 150 N oil): 10.11 mm 2 / s
- Vanlube NA a diphenylamine from Vanderbilt, 32 g of Lubad 199 (a calcium salicylate from Shell) and 1440 g of HVI 650 oil from Shell and 1330 g of HVI 160 oil from Shell were added held for one hour at 100 ° C / 100 rev / min. Subsequently, the resulting reaction water is drained and the mixture is heated to 210 0 C. After reaching the peak temperature is at 200 rpm, at a rate of 1 ° C / min. the mixture cooled to 165 0 C. The mixture is then cooled at 100 U / min, further to a temperature of 50 0 C. The kettle is opened and the resulting fat homogenized at least 2 times on a three-roll mill and filled into a bucket.
- IP 50 Cone penetration (IP 50) unworked: 285 dmm, after 60 movements 288 dmm (NLGI grade 2), after 100060 movements: 317 dmm.
- Example 1 was essentially repeated except that no e-OCP dispersion was incorporated. The data obtained are shown in Table 1.
- Example 1 was substantially repeated except that a lubricating oil was incorporated instead of the e-OCP dispersion.
- the data obtained are shown in Table 1.
- Example 1 was substantially repeated except that 100 g of a 5% OCP solution available from Lubrizol under the trade name LZ 2002 D was incorporated instead of the e-OCP dispersion. The data obtained are shown in Table 1.
- Example 3 has been incorporated essentially for each of the elements, but where no, no, e-OC.P dispersion has been incorporated. The data obtained are shown in Table 2.
- Example 4
- Example 3 was substantially repeated, incorporating 18 g of the e-OCP dispersion obtained in the above Production Example 1. The data obtained are shown in Table 2.
- Example 5 was substantially repeated, incorporating 40 g of the solution comprising 50% by weight of polymers with acid groups obtained according to Preparation Example 2 and a lubricating oil in 960 g of Grease from F & S Mannheim. The data obtained are shown in Table 2.
- Example 7
- Example 6 was substantially repeated except that 20 g of a solution comprising 50% by weight of polymers without acid groups obtained according to Preparation Example 3 and a lubricating oil were incorporated into 980 g of F & S grease. The data obtained are shown in Table 2.
- Example 5 was substantially repeated except that 10 g of a dispersion comprising 50% by weight of polymers without acid groups obtained in Preparation Example 3 and a lubricating oil was incorporated. The data obtained are shown in Table 2.
- Example 9 was essentially repeated, but no solution was incorporated.
- the data obtained are shown in Table 3.
- Example 9 was substantially repeated, but incorporating a solution comprising 50% by weight of polymers without acid groups obtained according to Preparation Example 3 and comprising a lubricating oil. The data obtained are shown in Table 3. Table 3
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102004021717A DE102004021717A1 (de) | 2004-04-30 | 2004-04-30 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Schmierfett |
| PCT/EP2005/001906 WO2006094520A1 (de) | 2004-04-30 | 2005-02-24 | Verfahren zur herstellung von schmierfett |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1740681A1 true EP1740681A1 (de) | 2007-01-10 |
Family
ID=34960600
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP05857306A Ceased EP1740681A1 (de) | 2004-04-30 | 2005-02-24 | Verfahren zur herstellung von schmierfett |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8785358B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1740681A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP5006780B2 (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20070015556A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN1942565A (de) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0510318A (de) |
| CA (1) | CA2563976C (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102004021717A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2006094520A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (24)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7429555B2 (en) * | 2004-04-30 | 2008-09-30 | Rohmax Additives Gmbh | Lubricating grease with high water resistance |
| DE102005015931A1 (de) * | 2005-04-06 | 2006-10-12 | Rohmax Additives Gmbh | Polyalkyl(meth) acrylat-Copolymere mit hervorragenden Eigenschaften |
| DE102005031244A1 (de) * | 2005-07-01 | 2007-02-15 | Rohmax Additives Gmbh | Öllösliche Kammpolymere |
| DE102005041528A1 (de) * | 2005-08-31 | 2007-03-01 | Rohmax Additives Gmbh | Öllösliche Polymere |
| DE102006001771A1 (de) * | 2006-01-12 | 2007-07-19 | Röhm Gmbh | Verfahren zur Aufreinigung von (Meth)acrylaten |
| DE102006016588A1 (de) * | 2006-04-06 | 2007-10-18 | Rohmax Additives Gmbh | Kraftstoffzusammensetzungen umfassend nachwachsende Rohstoffe |
| DE102006039420A1 (de) | 2006-08-23 | 2008-02-28 | Evonik Rohmax Additves Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Methacrylatestern |
| JP5767780B2 (ja) * | 2006-12-07 | 2015-08-19 | シエル・インターナシヨナル・リサーチ・マートスハツペイ・ベー・ヴエー | ウレアグリースを調製するための方法および装置 |
| US20100286001A1 (en) * | 2007-04-13 | 2010-11-11 | John William Harris | lithium hydroxide composition, a process for preparing a lithium hydroxide composition, and a process for using a lithium hydroxide composition |
| CA2693461C (en) | 2007-07-09 | 2015-11-17 | Evonik Operations Gmbh | Use of comb polymers for reducing fuel consumption |
| DE102007036856A1 (de) * | 2007-08-06 | 2009-02-26 | Evonik Rohmax Additives Gmbh | Verwendung von Estergruppen-umfassenden Polymeren als Antifatigue-Additive |
| US20120004153A1 (en) * | 2010-06-30 | 2012-01-05 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Lithium Complex Grease with Improved Thickener Yield |
| EP2695932A1 (de) | 2012-08-08 | 2014-02-12 | Ab Nanol Technologies Oy | Schmierfettzusammensetzung |
| CN104919030B (zh) * | 2013-01-09 | 2019-01-18 | Skf公司 | 聚合物增稠的润滑脂组合物及其制造方法 |
| CN103409208A (zh) * | 2013-07-30 | 2013-11-27 | 鞍山海华油脂化学有限公司 | 一种风机主轴轴承润滑脂及其制备方法 |
| WO2015172846A1 (en) | 2014-05-16 | 2015-11-19 | Ab Nanol Technologies Oy | Additive composition for lubricants |
| CN105154171A (zh) * | 2015-09-28 | 2015-12-16 | 苏州龙腾万里化工科技有限公司 | 一种皂基润滑脂 |
| SG11201901623TA (en) | 2016-08-31 | 2019-03-28 | Evonik Oil Additives Gmbh | Comb polymers for improving noack evaporation loss of engine oil formulations |
| CN107916167A (zh) * | 2017-12-06 | 2018-04-17 | 东莞市欧迪斯润滑剂科技有限公司 | 一种极低挥发性pao润滑脂及制备方法 |
| CN111876220B (zh) * | 2020-08-04 | 2022-09-09 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种耐化学介质氟硅润滑脂及其制备方法 |
| KR20220108474A (ko) | 2021-01-27 | 2022-08-03 | 썬엔바이로시스템즈(주) | 식물성 폐유를 이용한 친환경 그리스 제조방법 |
| CN113604267B (zh) * | 2021-08-16 | 2022-10-11 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种高转速纺纱锭子润滑脂组合物及其制备方法和应用 |
| CN115786018B (zh) * | 2022-12-28 | 2024-01-26 | 洛阳精一新材料科技有限公司 | 一种用于谐波减速器的润滑脂及其制备方法 |
| EP4574933A1 (de) * | 2023-12-22 | 2025-06-25 | Carl Bechem Gmbh | Polymerverdickungsmittel für schmierfette |
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| WO2004111163A1 (en) * | 2003-06-10 | 2004-12-23 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Functionalized polymer composition for grease |
| WO2005108532A1 (de) * | 2004-04-30 | 2005-11-17 | Rohmax Additives Gmbh | Schmierfett mit hoher wasserresistenz |
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| JP2986850B2 (ja) * | 1990-06-15 | 1999-12-06 | 昭和シェル石油株式会社 | 耐水性グリース組成物 |
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| US5783531A (en) | 1997-03-28 | 1998-07-21 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Manufacturing method for the production of polyalphaolefin based synthetic greases (LAW500) |
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| HRP20000324B1 (en) | 1997-11-21 | 2006-04-30 | Rohmax Additives Gmbh | Additive for biodiesel and biofuel oils |
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| DE19940622C1 (de) | 1999-08-27 | 2001-05-17 | Roehm Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Di(meth)acrylsäureestern |
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2004
- 2004-04-30 DE DE102004021717A patent/DE102004021717A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2005
- 2005-02-24 BR BRPI0510318-5A patent/BRPI0510318A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-02-24 US US11/587,988 patent/US8785358B2/en active Active
- 2005-02-24 EP EP05857306A patent/EP1740681A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2005-02-24 KR KR1020067022429A patent/KR20070015556A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-02-24 CA CA2563976A patent/CA2563976C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2005-02-24 CN CNA2005800114514A patent/CN1942565A/zh active Pending
- 2005-02-24 JP JP2007509894A patent/JP5006780B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2005-02-24 WO PCT/EP2005/001906 patent/WO2006094520A1/de not_active Ceased
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| US2577706A (en) * | 1948-11-26 | 1951-12-04 | California Research Corp | High melting-high water-resistant grease |
| WO2004111163A1 (en) * | 2003-06-10 | 2004-12-23 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Functionalized polymer composition for grease |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20070015556A (ko) | 2007-02-05 |
| BRPI0510318A (pt) | 2007-10-16 |
| US8785358B2 (en) | 2014-07-22 |
| CA2563976A1 (en) | 2006-09-14 |
| JP2007538114A (ja) | 2007-12-27 |
| DE102004021717A1 (de) | 2005-11-24 |
| CA2563976C (en) | 2015-04-21 |
| WO2006094520A1 (de) | 2006-09-14 |
| JP5006780B2 (ja) | 2012-08-22 |
| CN1942565A (zh) | 2007-04-04 |
| WO2006094520A9 (de) | 2007-06-07 |
| US20070191238A1 (en) | 2007-08-16 |
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