EP1740435B1 - Plunger buffer - Google Patents

Plunger buffer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1740435B1
EP1740435B1 EP04729619A EP04729619A EP1740435B1 EP 1740435 B1 EP1740435 B1 EP 1740435B1 EP 04729619 A EP04729619 A EP 04729619A EP 04729619 A EP04729619 A EP 04729619A EP 1740435 B1 EP1740435 B1 EP 1740435B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sleeve
buffer
plunger
sections
fact
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EP04729619A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1740435A1 (en
Inventor
Sieghard Schneider
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to SI200430792T priority Critical patent/SI1740435T1/en
Priority to CZ2006-689A priority patent/CZ307186B6/en
Priority to PL04729619T priority patent/PL1740435T3/en
Publication of EP1740435A1 publication Critical patent/EP1740435A1/en
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Publication of EP1740435B1 publication Critical patent/EP1740435B1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61G—COUPLINGS; DRAUGHT AND BUFFING APPLIANCES
    • B61G11/00—Buffers
    • B61G11/16—Buffers absorbing shocks by permanent deformation of buffer element

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a sleeve buffer according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a sleeve buffer is from the FR 2 789 358 A known.
  • Known sleeve buffers are used in locomotives, freight cars or passenger coaches as so-called side buffers to absorb and dampen impacts in the vehicle longitudinal direction. In the case of oblique or eccentric shocks additional lateral forces can occur on the sleeve buffers in the vehicle transverse direction and / or in the vertical direction.
  • Structurally known sleeve buffer consist of a buffer housing and an internal power transmission member, usually the element with spring and / or damping properties. The housing takes over the guidance in the longitudinal direction and the support of Transverse forces, while the internal spring and / or damping elements transmit the forces in the longitudinal direction.
  • all tube buffer designs attempt to maximize the overlap length between the fixed (sleeve) and moving part (plunger) to better support shear forces.
  • a large overlap length reduces the frictional forces and wear between the guide members (sleeve and plunger) and reduces the risk of jamming or jamming of the guide members.
  • the overlap length should be significantly greater than the diameter of the cylindrical guide surfaces to avoid canting and self-locking sleeve and plunger. Usually it is one Multiple of the buffer stroke.
  • the maximum possible overlap length can take on at most a value resulting from the total length of the sleeve buffer minus the thickness of the buffer plate, the thickness of the housing bottom and the double buffer stroke. At this maximum overlap length a clearance of both the plunger and the sleeve is guaranteed.
  • sleeve buffers typically have a length of about 620 to 650 mm and a buffer stroke - this corresponds to the spring travel of the spring element - in the range of 100 to 110 mm, as this is standardized for certain vehicle categories in European directives (eg UIC leaflets 526, 528) ,
  • the outer diameter of ram and sleeve are typically between about mounting flange and buffer plate in the range of 200 to 250 mm.
  • the overlap length is usually in the range 250 to 350 mm.
  • the guide parts (sleeve and plunger) of known sleeve bumps encounter defined stops.
  • the energy absorption capacity of the pod buffers exceed the sleeve buffer stops and transmits as a result very high peak forces on the rigid vehicle structure. There are often significant damage to the vehicle structure.
  • This design also allows relatively large displacement paths beyond the normal buffer stroke, but unlike DE 747 330 , without requiring additional space within the vehicle structure.
  • the disadvantage is that the overlap length must be reduced precisely to the extent that the displacement increases beyond the normal buffer stroke. If large displacement paths are to be realized, the overlap length must be reduced to a very low level.
  • the overlap length can reach very small dimensions, which are significantly smaller than the diameter of the sleeve and plunger, whereby the risk of jamming and tilting is great. For the practical application of this principle one is forced to make a compromise between Shift path length and overlap length to enter.
  • a sleeve buffer for movable support structures of rail vehicles with first and second guide parts in the form of a sleeve and a plunger known.
  • the sleeve is fixed to the support structure fastened and the plunger is displaceable relative to the sleeve in the vehicle longitudinal direction and is guided during its displacement movement of the sleeve.
  • the known sleeve buffer has a force transfer member for yieldingly coupling the plunger to the support structure.
  • At least one of the two guide parts consists of two or more, successively arranged elongated sections, which are connected in the region of their adjacent end faces by one or more predetermined breaking connections and have different cross-sectional dimensions, such that when exceeding a certain impact force (release force) on the sleeve buffer the predetermined breaking connection (s) tearing off or tearing off and the elongated sections telescope into one another.
  • the outer guide part consists of successively arranged elongated sections.
  • the object of the invention is to achieve in a sleeve buffer of the type mentioned both a large shortening length for the controlled deformation of the buffer housing in case of overload and at the same time to maintain a sufficiently large overlap length in normal operation (deflection to buffer stroke).
  • FIGS. 1 to 4 illustrated embodiments of a sleeve buffer 1 according to the invention each comprise two coaxial arranged guide parts, of which the one guide part a fixed sleeve 10 ( Figures 1 and 2 ) or 50 ( FIGS. 3 and 4 ) and the other guide part is an axially movable plunger 20.
  • the two guide parts in particular in the region of their sliding surfaces, cylindrical, tubular shape. The description of the embodiment is therefore limited to this construction below.
  • the tubular sleeve 10 is closed at its right axial end with a mounting flange 11 (buffer bottom), which is attached to a support structure 2 of a rail vehicle, not shown, for example, is screwed.
  • the mounting flange 11 carries the sleeve 10 and is preferably integrally connected to one end face of the sleeve 10, for example, welded.
  • the movable plunger 20 consists of a buffer plate 21 and a tubular portion 22, which in the example shown Beisp on the inner wall is slidable.
  • the inner wall of the sleeve 10 takes on the executives to slide the plunger 20 in the radial direction.
  • the structure of the sleeve buffer 1 according to the invention corresponds to the structure of known sleeve buffer, ie, it has seen from the outside the shape and dimensions of a known sleeve buffer.
  • an extension sleeve 24 whose diameter is smaller than the diameter of the tubular portion 22, is coaxially fixed.
  • the attachment of the extension sleeve 24 is effected by means of a predetermined breaking connection 23 which connects the outer surface of the extension sleeve 24 with the inner surface of the tubular portion 22 in the region of its free axial end non-positively and positively.
  • the predetermined breaking connection 23 can be designed, for example, in the form of shear bolts or sectional weld beads.
  • the extension bushing 24 is closed at its one end connected to the tubular portion 22 by a front plate 24c and has at its opposite end side a collar 24d, which is supported against the inner surface of the sleeve 10.
  • a force transmission member 30 in the form of a spring and / or damping element 30a is disposed inside the extension sleeve 24, which is supported between the end plate 24c of the extension sleeve 24 and the mounting flange 11 of the plunger 10.
  • the force transmitting member 30 is formed so that it can shorten to the maximum buffer stroke of the plunger 20 in its normal operation, when the collar 24d of the extension sleeve 24 abuts against the mounting flange 11 of the plunger 10 and the predetermined breaking connection 23 remains intact.
  • a power transmission member 40 is arranged in the form of a spring and / or damping element 40a, which is supported between the buffer plate 21 and the mounting flange 11 of the plunger 10.
  • the force transmitting member 40 is formed so that it can shorten beyond the maximum buffer stroke of the plunger 20 addition, if in the case of a controlled deformation of the sleeve 10 (FIG. Fig.
  • Fig. 2 ruptures the predetermined breaking connection 23 when a maximum load is exceeded or when a maximum displacement path of the plunger 20 is reached.
  • the rupture of the predetermined breaking connection 23 means that the extension sleeve 24 can slide telescopically into the interior of the tubular portion 22 of the plunger 20.
  • the further displacement movement of the buffer plate 21 and the tubular portion 22 of the plunger 20 is due to the deformation of the sleeve 10 and - in the case of the alternative according to the lower half of Fig. 1 - Additionally attenuated by the power transmission member 40.
  • the sleeve 10 is shortened in its axial length, so that the tubular portion 22 of the plunger 20 can move virtually with its right front end to the inner surface of the mounting flange 11.
  • the extension sleeve 24 has completely pushed into the tubular portion 22, wherein the front end of the tubular portion 22 abuts against the collar 24d of the extension sleeve 24.
  • This final state is in Fig. 2 illustrated.
  • the invention provides the ability to shorten both guide parts 10, 20 and nevertheless to keep the deformation force at a controllable level.
  • both tubular guide parts 10, 20 deforming together would create a very high, inefficient level of force due to the large common wall thickness and mutual interference during deformation.
  • the functions of shortening and deformation are separated and individually assigned to the two guide members 10, 20.
  • One of the two guide parts 10 and 20 should perform a low-resistance or resistance-free shortening, which takes up little space, while the other guide member 20 and 10 should shorten under deformation in order to achieve the desired level of force during the displacement.
  • the outside of the two guide parts 10, 20 deform outward, since there is sufficient space available.
  • the inner guide part of the two guide parts 10, 20 must perform a shortening in this case, which on the one hand does not hinder the deformation of the outer guide member and on the other hand generates as little resistance as possible in order not to allow the total deformation force to rise excessively. It is important that the length of the inner guide member is not reduced in the ground state, because this would be at the expense of overlap length.
  • the sliding surface between the plunger and sleeve is divided into three sections (length dimensions L 6 , L 3 and L 7 ), of which the first section L 6 and the third section L 7 are functionally necessary as sliding surfaces to the guide function in normal operation with the to achieve the desired overlap length.
  • the sections L 6 and L 7 In order not to let the surface pressures under transverse load in normal operation be too large, the sections L 6 and L 7 must not fall below a certain minimum length.
  • the middle section L 3 is reduced in diameter and no longer serves as a sliding surface, but still has to establish the mechanically rigid connection between the first section L 6 and the third section L 7 in order to fulfill the overall guiding function.
  • this central portion L 3 is reduced to the extent required to be pushed into the inner diameter of the tubular first portion L 6 in this, a relatively large, but low-resistance shortening of the inner guide member is achieved.
  • the second and third sections L 3 and L 7 like a telescope, can be pushed into the interior of the first section L 6 as well as into the adjoining section L 2 .
  • the two mutually displaceable sections are rigidly coupled in normal operation and bending moments between the first section L 6 and the third. Section L 7 can be transmitted reliably.
  • the connection between the first portion L 6 (tubular portion 22) and the second portion L 7 (extension sleeve 24) is made by the predetermined breaking connection 23, which separates the hitherto rigid connection upon the occurrence of an overload condition.
  • This can eg by shear bolts or other Abr furnishedglieder, but also by locally weakened connecting webs respectively.
  • the predetermined breaking connection 23 can either be distributed continuously along the circumference of the extension bushing 24 or consist of uniformly or unevenly distributed discrete individual elements. An uneven distribution may be useful, for example, to increase the stability under transverse load in a particular preferred direction, without affecting the release force in longitudinal load.
  • the principle of the telescoping sections 22, 24 of the inner guide part is with different deformation patterns the outer guide part can be combined, both with a widening and spreading of a tube and with, for example, a regular or irregular compression or folding of a tube, as in Fig. 2 is indicated by the reference numeral 40a and 40b.
  • the illustrated principle is applicable both to a design of the sleeve buffer with an internal plunger 20 as well as a design of the sleeve buffer with internal sleeve 10. Such a design is easily imagined by intellectual interchange of buffer plate 21 and mounting flange 11.
  • the principle of the telescopically movable sections of guide parts of the sleeve buffer can in extension of the embodiment according to Figures 1 and 2 additionally be applied to the sleeve 10.
  • This extension of the principle is based on the FIGS. 3 and 4 explained in which the sleeve in contrast to the Figures 1 and 2 instead of the reference numeral 10 is now provided with the reference numeral 50.
  • the formation of the plunger 20 in the embodiment according to FIGS. 3 and 4 is identical to the training in the first embodiment according to Figures 1 and 2 , However, the formation of the sleeve 50 is unlike Figures 1 and 2 in two parts in the form of telescopically movable sections 52, 54 running with intermediate predetermined breaking connection 53. As in Fig.
  • plunger 20 and sleeve 50 shorten telescopically. This shortening can take place under a certain desired resistance, eg by the in Fig. 3 shown components of the predetermined breaking connections 24, 54 or by other resistance elements between the telescopically displacing components.
  • an additional deformation element 60 between the extension sleeve 24 or its end plate 24c and the buffer plunger 21 are arranged. The deformation element 60 may be formed so that the required level of force during the mutual displacement movement of the components 22, 24 and 52, 54 is achieved.
  • the additional deformation element 60 can be arranged in the form of two separate deformation bodies 60a and 60b between the buffer plate 21 and the section 52 of the sleeve 50 (deformation element 60a) and between the section 22 of the plunger 20 and the collar 24d of the extension bushing 24.
  • Fig. 4 is the sleeve buffer after Fig. 3 shown in the state of maximum displacement. It can be seen that at the same time a telescopic displacement of plunger 20 and sleeve 50 and possibly a deformation of the deformation element 60 and the deformation body 60a, 60b has occurred.
  • a telescopic displacement of plunger 20 and sleeve 50 and possibly a deformation of the deformation element 60 and the deformation body 60a, 60b has occurred.
  • such an embodiment of the sleeve buffer according to the invention is relatively expensive, but such an embodiment may be useful if the surrounding space is very limited.
  • the simpler embodiment according to Figures 1 and 2 be considered, in which only the tubular portion 22 of the plunger 20 is formed telescopically displaceable and is surrounded by the sleeve 10.
  • the illustrated principle of the telescopic displacement can be applied mutatis mutandis to more than two telescoping sections. Such a design may be useful if an even greater total shortening of the sleeve buffer to be achieved and the corresponding space required in the circumferential direction of the sleeve buffer is given. It is understood that between each two of the several sections each one To provide predetermined breaking connection.
  • the function of the displacement can be carried out with little resistance or without resistance. This allows the structure of the desired level of force during displacement alone and undisturbed by the outer guide member by controlled deformation. Due to the clear separation of the functions and their low mutual influence, the design and controllability of the overall system is much easier compared to constructions in which both guide parts 10, 20 are subject to both deformation processes and interactions.
  • the design can be further simplified by the breaking off / triggering of the predetermined breaking connection 23 between the first section L 6 and the second section L 3 takes place at the stop of the inner guide part first and only shortly after the stop and the incipient deformation of the outer guide member.
  • the tripping force threshold and the average force level can be separated during the controlled deformation interpret and modify each other.
  • the described housing properties can be combined with various arrangements of buffer springs.
  • the existing of the second section L 3 and the third section L 7 extension sleeve 24 of the inner guide member may be provided with a support in the form of the end plate 24c for the spring and / or damping element 30a.
  • This can be achieved together with the triggering / tearing of the predetermined breaking connection 23 and a shutdown of the spring action of the spring and / or damping element 30a in order to avoid an increase in force with increasing displacement path.
  • the predetermined breaking connection 23 in addition to transmit the forces occurring during normal operation of the spring and / or damping element 30a and must be sufficiently dimensioned for this.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Vibration Dampers (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Electrophonic Musical Instruments (AREA)
  • Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
  • Compounds Of Unknown Constitution (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a plunger buffer that comprises first and second guide elements in the form of a buffer housing (10) and a plunger (20). The aim of the invention is to allow a significant length reduction for the controlled deformation of the buffer housing in the event of overload and at the same time a sufficiently large overlap in the normal operation (compression until full plunger displacement is attained). For this purpose, at least one (20) of the two guide elements (10, 20; 10, 50) consists of two or more elongate sections (22, 24; 52, 54) disposed one after the other. The elongate sections (22, 24; 52, 54), in the area of their adjacent faces, are interlinked by one ore more predetermined breaking point(s) (23; 53) each and have different cross-sectional dimensions. When a defined impact force (triggering force) onto the buffer housing (1) is exceeded, the predetermined breaking point(s) (23; 53) tear(s) off and the elongate sections (22, 24; 52, 54) are telescoped into each other.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Hülsenpuffer gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1. Ein derartiger Hülsenpuffer ist aus der FR 2 789 358 A bekannt.The invention relates to a sleeve buffer according to the preamble of claim 1. Such a sleeve buffer is from the FR 2 789 358 A known.

Bekannte Hülsenpuffer werden bei Lokomotiven, Güterwagen oder Reisezugwagen als so genannte Seitenpuffer verwendet, um Stöße in Fahrzeuglängsrichtung aufzunehmen und zu dämpfen. Im Falle von schrägen oder exzentrischen Stößen können zusätzliche Querkräfte auf die Hülsenpuffer in Fahrzeugquerrichtung und/oder in vertikaler Richtung auftreten. Konstruktiv bestehen bekannte Hülsenpuffer aus einem Puffergehäuse und einem innenliegenden Kraftübertragungsglied, in der Regel dem Element mit Feder- und/oder Dämpfungseigenschaften. Das Gehäuse übernimmt die Führung in Längsrichtung und die Abstützung von Querkräften, während die innen liegenden Feder- und/oder Dämpfungselemente die Kräfte in Längsrichtung übertragen. Es gibt Bauformen, bei denen das fahrzeugfeste Teil des Gehäuses (Hülse) außen liegt, und das geführte, verschiebliche Teil (Stößel) innen liegt. Es gibt aber auch Bauformen mit umgekehrter Anordnung, bei denen die Hülse innen liegt und der Stößel die Hülse außen umschließt. Die Gleitflächen sind in jedem Fall zylindrisch und in der Regel durchgehend im gesamten Auflagebereich. Der Abstand zwischen der vorderen und der hinteren Begrenzung des Auflagebereichs wird als Überdeckungslänge LÜ bezeichnet.Known sleeve buffers are used in locomotives, freight cars or passenger coaches as so-called side buffers to absorb and dampen impacts in the vehicle longitudinal direction. In the case of oblique or eccentric shocks additional lateral forces can occur on the sleeve buffers in the vehicle transverse direction and / or in the vertical direction. Structurally known sleeve buffer consist of a buffer housing and an internal power transmission member, usually the element with spring and / or damping properties. The housing takes over the guidance in the longitudinal direction and the support of Transverse forces, while the internal spring and / or damping elements transmit the forces in the longitudinal direction. There are types in which the vehicle-fixed part of the housing (sleeve) is located on the outside, and the guided, sliding part (plunger) is inside. But there are also designs with reverse arrangement, in which the sleeve is inside and the plunger surrounds the sleeve outside. The sliding surfaces are cylindrical in each case and generally throughout the entire bearing area. The distance between the front and the rear boundary of the support area is referred to as cover length L Ü .

Grundsätzlich wird bei allen Konstruktionen für Hülsenpuffer versucht, die Überdeckungslänge zwischen festem (Hülse) und bewegtem Teil (Stößel) so groß wie möglich auszuführen, um Querkräfte besser abstützen zu können. Eine große Überdeckungslänge verringert die Reibungskräfte und den Verschleiß zwischen den Führungsteilen (Hülse und Stößel) und verringert die Gefahr eines Verkantens oder Verklemmens der Führungsteile. Die Überdeckungslänge sollte zur Vermeidung einer Verkantung und einer Selbsthemmung von Hülse und Stößel deutlich größer als der Durchmesser der zylindrischen Führungsflächen sein. Üblicherweise beträgt sie ein Mehrfaches des Pufferhubes. Die maximal mögliche Überdeckungslänge kann höchstens einen Wert annehmen, der sich ergibt aus der gesamten Baulänge des Hülsenpuffers abzüglich der Dicke des Puffertellers, der Dicke des Gehäusebodens und des doppelten Pufferhubs. Bei dieser maximalen Überdeckungslänge ist ein Freigang sowohl des Stößels als auch der Hülse gewährleistet.Basically, all tube buffer designs attempt to maximize the overlap length between the fixed (sleeve) and moving part (plunger) to better support shear forces. A large overlap length reduces the frictional forces and wear between the guide members (sleeve and plunger) and reduces the risk of jamming or jamming of the guide members. The overlap length should be significantly greater than the diameter of the cylindrical guide surfaces to avoid canting and self-locking sleeve and plunger. Usually it is one Multiple of the buffer stroke. The maximum possible overlap length can take on at most a value resulting from the total length of the sleeve buffer minus the thickness of the buffer plate, the thickness of the housing bottom and the double buffer stroke. At this maximum overlap length a clearance of both the plunger and the sleeve is guaranteed.

Typischerweise haben bekannte Hülsenpuffer eine Baulänge von etwa 620 bis 650 mm und einen Pufferhub - dieser entspricht dem Federweg des Federelementes - im Bereich von 100 bis 110 mm, da dies für bestimmte Fahrzeugkategorien in europäischen Richtlinien (z.B. UIC-Merkblätter 526, 528) standardisiert ist. Die Außendurchmesser von Stößel und Hülse liegen zwischen Befestigungsflansch und Pufferteller typischerweise etwa im Bereich von 200 bis 250 mm. Die Überdeckungslänge liegt in der Regel im Bereich 250 bis 350 mm.Typically, known sleeve buffers have a length of about 620 to 650 mm and a buffer stroke - this corresponds to the spring travel of the spring element - in the range of 100 to 110 mm, as this is standardized for certain vehicle categories in European directives (eg UIC leaflets 526, 528) , The outer diameter of ram and sleeve are typically between about mounting flange and buffer plate in the range of 200 to 250 mm. The overlap length is usually in the range 250 to 350 mm.

Nach Erreichen des maximalen Pufferhubs stoßen die Führungsteile (Hülse und Stößel) bekannter Hülsenpuffer auf definierte Anschläge. Bei Auflaufstößen, welche die Energieaufnahmefähigkeit der Hülsenpuffer überschreiten, geht der Hülsenpuffer auf Anschlag und überträgt in der Folge sehr hohe Spitzenkräfte auf die steife Fahrzeugstruktur. Es treten dann oft erhebliche Schäden an der Fahrzeugstruktur auf.After reaching the maximum buffer stroke, the guide parts (sleeve and plunger) of known sleeve bumps encounter defined stops. In the case of casserole bursts, the energy absorption capacity of the pod buffers exceed the sleeve buffer stops and transmits as a result very high peak forces on the rigid vehicle structure. There are often significant damage to the vehicle structure.

Um derartige Schäden zu vermeiden oder zu vermindern, ist es bekannt, die Führungsteile des Hülsenpuffers so auszubilden, dass nach ihren Auftreffen auf definierte Anschläge eine zusätzliche Verkürzungsmöglichkeit unter kontrollierter Deformation und Energieaufnahme vorhanden ist. Beispielsweise ist in der DE-Patentschrift 462 539 eine Soll-Deformationsstelle im Pufferstößel beschrieben. Mit dieser Konstruktion lässt sich indessen nur ein relativ kleiner zusätzlicher Deformationsweg erreichen, der kleiner als der Pufferhub ist. Ferner muss wegen der Soll-Deformationsstelle im Pufferstößel die Überdeckungslänge entsprechend reduziert werden. Bei einem weiteren, aus der DE-Patentschrift 747 330 bekannten Hülsenpuffer mit Zerstörungsglied wird bei Überlastung ein Teil des Pufferbodens abgeschert und dann der vordere Teil des außen liegenden Gehäuseteils durch Umformung unter hohem Kraftaufwand auf einen kleineren Durchmesser in den hinteren Teil hinein geschoben. Bei dieser Konstruktion kann die Überdeckungslänge gegenüber einem normalen Puffer unverändert groß bleiben; ferner sind relativ große Verschiebungen über den normalen Pufferhub hinaus möglich. Indessen muss für das Eintauchen des gesamten Puffergehäuses in die Fahrzeugstruktur eine Öffnung und zusätzlicher Bauraum freigehalten werden. Wesentliche Bestandteile des Puffers werden als Ganzes verschoben; die gesamte Baulänge des Puffers wird nicht verkürzt. Schließlich sind bei einem weiteren, in der DE 100 37 050 beschriebenen Hülsenpuffer Bauelemente mit Verkürzungsfähigkeit und Energieaufnahmevermögen vorgegeben. Diese Konstruktion ermöglicht ebenfalls relativ große Verschiebungswege über den normalen Pufferhub hinaus, allerdings, im Unterschied zu DE 747 330 , ohne zusätzlichen Bauraum innerhalb der Fahrzeugstruktur zu beanspruchen. Nachteilig ist jedoch, dass die Überdeckungslänge genau in dem Maße zurückgenommen werden muss, wie der Verschiebeweg über den normalen Pufferhub hinaus zunimmt. Wenn große Verschiebewege realisiert werden sollen, muss die Überdeckungslänge auf ein sehr geringes Maß zurückgenommen werden. Die Überdeckungslänge kann sehr geringe Maße erreichen, die deutlich geringer sind als die Durchmesser von Hülse und Stößel, wodurch die Gefahr des Verklemmens und Verkantens groß ist. Für die praktische Anwendung dieses Prinzips ist man gezwungen, einen Kompromiss zwischen Verschiebeweglänge und Überdeckungslänge einzugehen.In order to avoid or reduce such damage, it is known, the guide parts of the sleeve buffer in such a way that after their impact on defined attacks an additional Verkürzungsmöglichkeit under controlled deformation and energy absorption is present. For example, in the German Patent 462,539 described a desired deformation point in the buffer ram. With this construction, however, only a relatively small additional deformation path can be achieved, which is smaller than the buffer stroke. Furthermore, because of the desired deformation point in the buffer ram, the overlap length must be reduced accordingly. At another, from the German Pat. No. 747,330 known sleeve buffer with destructor sheared off a part of the buffer bottom in case of overload and then pushed the front part of the outer housing part by forming with great effort to a smaller diameter in the rear part. In this construction, the overlap length can be compared to a normal buffer remain largely unchanged; furthermore, relatively large displacements beyond the normal buffer stroke are possible. Meanwhile, for the immersion of the entire buffer housing in the vehicle structure, an opening and additional space must be kept free. Essential components of the buffer are moved as a whole; the entire length of the buffer is not shortened. Finally, at another, in the DE 100 37 050 described sleeve buffer components with shortenability and energy absorption capacity. This design also allows relatively large displacement paths beyond the normal buffer stroke, but unlike DE 747 330 , without requiring additional space within the vehicle structure. The disadvantage, however, is that the overlap length must be reduced precisely to the extent that the displacement increases beyond the normal buffer stroke. If large displacement paths are to be realized, the overlap length must be reduced to a very low level. The overlap length can reach very small dimensions, which are significantly smaller than the diameter of the sleeve and plunger, whereby the risk of jamming and tilting is great. For the practical application of this principle one is forced to make a compromise between Shift path length and overlap length to enter.

Aus der FR 2 789 358 A ist ein Hülsenpuffer für bewegliche Tragstrukturen von Schienenfahrzeugen mit ersten und zweiten Führungsteilen in Form einer Hülse und eines Stößels bekannt. Die Hülse ist ortsfest an der Tragstruktur befestigbar und der Stößel ist relativ zur Hülse in Fahrzeuglängsrichtung verschiebbar und wird bei seiner Verschiebebewegung von der Hülse geführt. Der bekannte Hülsenpuffer weist ein Kraftübernagungsglied zum nachgiebigen Koppeln des Stößels mit der Tragstruktur auf. Mindestens eines der beiden Führungsteile besteht aus zwei oder mehreren, hintereinander angeordneten länglichen Abschnitten, die im Bereich ihrer angrenzenden Stirnseiten durch jeweils eine oder mehrere Sollbruchverbindungen untereinander verbunden sind und unterschiedliche Querschnittsabmessungen aufweisen, derart, dass bei Überschreitung einer bestimmten Stoßkraft (Auslösekraft) auf den Hülsenpuffer die Sollbruchverbindung(en) abreißt bzw. abreißen und sich die länglichen Abschnitte teleskopartig ineinander schieben. Das aussen liegende Führungsteil besteht aus hintereinander angeordneten länglich Abschnitten.From the FR 2 789 358 A is a sleeve buffer for movable support structures of rail vehicles with first and second guide parts in the form of a sleeve and a plunger known. The sleeve is fixed to the support structure fastened and the plunger is displaceable relative to the sleeve in the vehicle longitudinal direction and is guided during its displacement movement of the sleeve. The known sleeve buffer has a force transfer member for yieldingly coupling the plunger to the support structure. At least one of the two guide parts consists of two or more, successively arranged elongated sections, which are connected in the region of their adjacent end faces by one or more predetermined breaking connections and have different cross-sectional dimensions, such that when exceeding a certain impact force (release force) on the sleeve buffer the predetermined breaking connection (s) tearing off or tearing off and the elongated sections telescope into one another. The outer guide part consists of successively arranged elongated sections.

Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht darin, bei einem Hülsenpuffer der eingangs genannten Art sowohl eine große Verkürzungslänge für die kontrollierte Deformation des Puffergehäuses bei Überlast zu erreichen als auch gleichzeitig eine ausreichend große Überdeckungslänge im Normalbetrieb (Einfederung bis Pufferhub) einzuhalten.The object of the invention is to achieve in a sleeve buffer of the type mentioned both a large shortening length for the controlled deformation of the buffer housing in case of overload and at the same time to maintain a sufficiently large overlap length in normal operation (deflection to buffer stroke).

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved by the characterizing features of claim 1.

Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen des erfindungsgemäßen Hülsenpuffers ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.Advantageous embodiments and further developments of the sleeve buffer according to the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims.

Ausführungsbeispiele eines erfindungsgemäßen Hülsenpuffers sind in den Zeichnungen dargestellt. Es zeigen

Fig. 1
einen schematischen Längsschnitt durch ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Hülsenpuffers im ausgefederten Grundzustand, wobei in den beiden Hälften der Darstellung zwei verschiedene Ausführungsalternativen veranschaulicht sind;
Fig. 2
einen schematischen Längsschnitt durch das Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 1 im Zustand maximaler Verschiebung über den normalen Pufferhub hinaus,
Fig. 3
einen schematischen Längsschnitt durch ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Hülsenpuffers, und
Fig. 4
einen schematischen Längsschnitt durch das Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 3 im Zustand maximaler Verschiebung über den normalen Pufferhub hinaus,
Embodiments of a sleeve buffer according to the invention are shown in the drawings. Show it
Fig. 1
a schematic longitudinal section through a first embodiment of a sleeve buffer according to the invention in the rebounded ground state, wherein in the two halves of the illustration, two different alternative embodiments are illustrated;
Fig. 2
a schematic longitudinal section through the embodiment according to Fig. 1 in the state of maximum displacement beyond the normal buffer stroke,
Fig. 3
a schematic longitudinal section through a further embodiment of a sleeve buffer according to the invention, and
Fig. 4
a schematic longitudinal section through the embodiment according to Fig. 3 in the state of maximum displacement beyond the normal buffer stroke,

Die in den Figuren 1 bis 4 veranschaulichten Ausführungsbeispiele eines Hülsenpuffers 1 nach der Erfindung umfassen jeweils zwei koaxial angeordnete Führungsteile, von denen das eine Führungsteil eine feststehende Hülse 10 (Figuren 1 und 2) bzw. 50 (Figuren 3 und 4) und das andere Führungsteil ein in Achsrichtung beweglicher Stößel 20 ist. Es ist zweckmäßig und entspricht dem Stand der Technik, den beiden Führungsteilen, insbesondere im Bereich ihrer Gleitflächen, zylindrische, rohrförmige Gestalt zu geben. Die Beschreibung des Ausführungsbeispiels beschränkt sich im folgenden daher auf diese Bauweise.The in the FIGS. 1 to 4 illustrated embodiments of a sleeve buffer 1 according to the invention each comprise two coaxial arranged guide parts, of which the one guide part a fixed sleeve 10 ( Figures 1 and 2 ) or 50 ( FIGS. 3 and 4 ) and the other guide part is an axially movable plunger 20. It is expedient and corresponds to the prior art to give the two guide parts, in particular in the region of their sliding surfaces, cylindrical, tubular shape. The description of the embodiment is therefore limited to this construction below.

Im folgenden soll zunächst die erste Ausführungsform nach Figuren 1 und 2 nach ihrem Aufbau und ihrer Funktionsweise erläutert werden.The following is the first embodiment after Figures 1 and 2 be explained according to their structure and operation.

Die rohrförmige Hülse 10 ist an ihrem rechten axialen Ende mit einem Befestigungsflansch 11 (Pufferboden) abgeschlossen, welcher an einer Tragstruktur 2 eines nicht gezeigten Schienenfahrzeugs befestigt, beispielsweise angeschraubt ist. Der Befestigungsflansch 11 trägt die Hülse 10 und ist vorzugsweise mit der einen Stirnseite der Hülse 10 einstückig verbunden, beispielsweise verschweißt. Der bewegliche Stößel 20 besteht aus einem Pufferteller 21 und einem rohrförmigen Abschnitt 22, welcher im gezeigten Beisp an deren Innenwand gleitend verschiebbar ist. Die Innenwand der Hülse 10 nimmt dabei die Führungskräfte zur Gleitführung des Stößels 20 in radialer Richtung auf. Die aus der Hülse 10 herausragende Stirnseite des Stößels 20 ist mit dem Pufferteller 21 abgeschlossen, an welchen* Stoßkräfte insbesondere beim Rangieren des Schienenfahrzeugs angelegt werden. Insoweit entspricht der Aufbau des erfindungsgemäßen Hülsenpuffers 1 dem Aufbau bekannter Hülsenpuffer, d.h., er besitzt von außen gesehen die Gestalt und die Abmessungen eines bekannten Hülsenpuffers.The tubular sleeve 10 is closed at its right axial end with a mounting flange 11 (buffer bottom), which is attached to a support structure 2 of a rail vehicle, not shown, for example, is screwed. The mounting flange 11 carries the sleeve 10 and is preferably integrally connected to one end face of the sleeve 10, for example, welded. The movable plunger 20 consists of a buffer plate 21 and a tubular portion 22, which in the example shown Beisp on the inner wall is slidable. The inner wall of the sleeve 10 takes on the executives to slide the plunger 20 in the radial direction. The protruding from the sleeve 10 end face of the plunger 20 is completed with the buffer plate 21, to which * impact forces are applied in particular when maneuvering the rail vehicle. In that regard, the structure of the sleeve buffer 1 according to the invention corresponds to the structure of known sleeve buffer, ie, it has seen from the outside the shape and dimensions of a known sleeve buffer.

Im Unterschied zum Stand der Technik ist an dem freien axialen Ende des rohrförmigen Abschnitts 22 des Stößels 20 eine Verlängerungsbuchse 24 koaxial befestigt, deren Durchmesser kleiner als der Durchmesser des rohrförmigen Abschnitts 22 ist. Die Befestigung der Verlängerungsbuchse 24 erfolgt mit Hilfe einer Sollbruchverbindung 23, welche die Außenfläche der Verlängerungsbuchse 24 mit der Innenfläche des rohrförmigen Abschnitts 22 im Bereich von dessen freiem axialen Ende kraft- und formschlüssig verbindet. Die Sollbruchverbindung 23 kann beispielsweise in Form von Scherbolzen oder abschnittsweisen Schweißraupen ausgebildet sein.Unlike the prior art, at the free axial end of the tubular portion 22 of the plunger 20, an extension sleeve 24, whose diameter is smaller than the diameter of the tubular portion 22, is coaxially fixed. The attachment of the extension sleeve 24 is effected by means of a predetermined breaking connection 23 which connects the outer surface of the extension sleeve 24 with the inner surface of the tubular portion 22 in the region of its free axial end non-positively and positively. The predetermined breaking connection 23 can be designed, for example, in the form of shear bolts or sectional weld beads.

Die Verlängerungsbuchse 24 ist an ihrer einen mit dem rohrförmigen Abschnitt 22 verbundenen Stirnseite durch eine Stirnplatte 24c geschlossen und weist an ihrer entgegengesetzten Stirnseite einen Bund 24d auf, welcher sich gegen die Innenfläche der Hülse 10 abstützt.The extension bushing 24 is closed at its one end connected to the tubular portion 22 by a front plate 24c and has at its opposite end side a collar 24d, which is supported against the inner surface of the sleeve 10.

Bei einer ersten, in der oberen Hälfte der Darstellung in Fig. 1 veranschaulichten Alternative ist im Inneren der Verlängerungsbuchse 24 ein Kraftübertragungsglied 30 in Form eines Feder- und/oder Dämpfungselementes 30a angeordnet, welches sich zwischen der Stirnplatte 24c der Verlängerungsbuchse 24 und dem Befestigungsflansch 11 des Stößels 10 abstützt. Das Kraftübertragungsglied 30 ist so ausgebildet, daß es sich nur bis zum maximalen Pufferhub des Stößels 20 in dessen Normalbetrieb verkürzen kann, wenn der Bund 24d der Verlängerungsbuchse 24 gegen den Befestigungsflansch 11 des Stößels 10 aufschlägt und die Sollbruchverbindung 23 intakt bleibt.At a first, in the upper half of the representation in Fig. 1 illustrated alternative, a force transmission member 30 in the form of a spring and / or damping element 30a is disposed inside the extension sleeve 24, which is supported between the end plate 24c of the extension sleeve 24 and the mounting flange 11 of the plunger 10. The force transmitting member 30 is formed so that it can shorten to the maximum buffer stroke of the plunger 20 in its normal operation, when the collar 24d of the extension sleeve 24 abuts against the mounting flange 11 of the plunger 10 and the predetermined breaking connection 23 remains intact.

Bei einer zweiten, in der unteren Hälfte von Fig. 1 veranschaulichten Alternative fehlt die Stirnplatte 24c. Im Inneren der beidseitig offenen Verlängerungsbuchse 24 und des rohrförmigen Abschnitts 22 des Stößels 20 ist ein Kraftübertragungsglied 40 in Form eines Feder- und/oder Dämpfungselementes 40a angeordnet, welches sich zwischen dem Pufferteller 21 und dem Befestigungsflansch 11 des Stößels 10 abstützt. Das Kraftübertragungsglied 40 ist so ausgebildet, daß es sich über den maximalen Pufferhub des Stößels 20 hinaus verkürzen kann, wenn im Falle einer kontrollierten Deformation der Hülse 10 (Fig. 2) der Bund 24d der Verlängerungsbuchse 24 gegen den Befestigungsflansch 11 des Stößels 10 aufschlägt und die Sollbruchverbindung 23 bei weiterer Verschiebung des rohrförmigen Abschnitts 22 des Puffers 20 bricht bzw. abreißt. Dieser Fall ist in Fig. 2 veranschaulicht.In a second, in the lower half of Fig. 1 illustrated alternative lacks the face plate 24c. Inside the two-sided open extension sleeve 24 and the tubular portion 22 of Tappet 20 is a power transmission member 40 is arranged in the form of a spring and / or damping element 40a, which is supported between the buffer plate 21 and the mounting flange 11 of the plunger 10. The force transmitting member 40 is formed so that it can shorten beyond the maximum buffer stroke of the plunger 20 addition, if in the case of a controlled deformation of the sleeve 10 (FIG. Fig. 2 ) the collar 24d of the extension sleeve 24 abuts against the mounting flange 11 of the plunger 10 and breaks the predetermined breaking connection 23 upon further displacement of the tubular portion 22 of the buffer 20 or tears off. This case is in Fig. 2 illustrated.

Wie aus Fig. 2 ersichtlich ist, reißt die Sollbruchverbindung 23 bei Überschreiten einer maximalen Belastung oder bei Erreichen eines maximalen Verschiebungsweges des Stößels 20 ab. Der Bruch der Sollbruchverbindung 23 bedeutet, daß sich die Verlängerungsbuchse 24 in das Innere des rohrförmigen Abschnitts 22 des Stößels 20 teleskopartig verschieben kann. Die weitere Verschiebebewegung des Puffertellers 21 und des rohrförmigen Abschnitts 22 des Stößels 20 wird durch die Deformation der Hülse 10 und - im Falle der Alternative gemäß der unteren Hälfte von Fig. 1 - zusätzlich durch das Kraftübertragungsglied 40 gedämpft. Sobald nämlich der Pufferteller 21 gegen den freien Stirnrand der Hülse 10 aufschlägt, beginnt bei weiterer Verschiebung des Puffertellers 21 eine vom freien Stirnrand der Hülse 10 ausgehende Deformation der Hülse 10 in Form einer Stauchung oder - alternativ - einer Aufspreizung je nach mechanischer Ausbildung der Hülse 10. Der Fall einer Stauchung der Hülse 10 ist in der unteren Hälfte der Fig. 2 durch Wellungen 40b angedeutet. Der Fall einer Aufspreizung der Hülse 10 ist in der oberen Hälfte der Fig. 2 durch einzelne Segmente 40a angedeutet. In beiden Fälle verkürzt sich die Hülse 10 in ihrer axialen Länge, so daß sich der rohrförmige Abschnitt 22 des Stößels 20 mit seinem rechten Stirnende praktisch bis zur Innenfläche des Befestigungsflansches 11 verschieben kann. In diesem Endzustand hat sich die Verlängerungsbuchse 24 vollständig in den rohrförmigen Abschnitt 22 hineingeschoben, wobei das Stirnende des rohrförmigen Abschnitts 22 gegen den Bund 24d der Verlängerungsbuchse 24 anliegt. Dieser Endzustand ist in Fig. 2 veranschaulicht.How out Fig. 2 it can be seen ruptures the predetermined breaking connection 23 when a maximum load is exceeded or when a maximum displacement path of the plunger 20 is reached. The rupture of the predetermined breaking connection 23 means that the extension sleeve 24 can slide telescopically into the interior of the tubular portion 22 of the plunger 20. The further displacement movement of the buffer plate 21 and the tubular portion 22 of the plunger 20 is due to the deformation of the sleeve 10 and - in the case of the alternative according to the lower half of Fig. 1 - Additionally attenuated by the power transmission member 40. As soon as the buffer plate 21 abuts against the free end edge of the sleeve 10, upon further displacement of the buffer plate 21 starting from the free end edge of the sleeve 10 deformation of the sleeve 10 in the form of compression or - alternatively - a spreading depending on the mechanical design of the sleeve 10th The case of compression of the sleeve 10 is in the lower half of Fig. 2 indicated by corrugations 40b. The case of a spreading of the sleeve 10 is in the upper half of Fig. 2 indicated by individual segments 40a. In both cases, the sleeve 10 is shortened in its axial length, so that the tubular portion 22 of the plunger 20 can move virtually with its right front end to the inner surface of the mounting flange 11. In this final state, the extension sleeve 24 has completely pushed into the tubular portion 22, wherein the front end of the tubular portion 22 abuts against the collar 24d of the extension sleeve 24. This final state is in Fig. 2 illustrated.

In den Zeichnungen sind folgende Bezeichnungen für Längenmaße vorgesehen, welche in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung benutzt werden:

L1
Gesamtbaulänge des Hülsenpuffers 1,
LÜ
Überdeckungslänge zwischen der Hülse 10 und dem Stößel 20,
L2
Länge des rohrförmigen Abschnitts 22 des Stößels 20,
L3
Länge der Verlängerungsbuchse 24 des Stößels 20, entspricht der Länge des zweiten Abschnitts der Überdeckungslänge LÜ,
L4
Länge des Freigangs des Stößels 20 für den normalen Pufferhub,
L5
Länge des Freigangs der Hülse 10 für den normalen Pufferhub,
L6
Länge des ersten Abschnitts der Überdeckungslänge, entspricht der Länge des vorderen. Gleitflächenabschnitts,
L7
Länge des dritten Abschnitts der Überdeckungslänge, entspricht der Länge des hinteren Gleitflächenabschnitts,
L1'
Gesamtlänge des Hülsenpuffers 1 im Zustand maximaler Verschiebung über den normalen Pufferhub hinaus.
In the drawings, the following designations are intended for length dimensions, which are used in the following description:
L 1
Overall length of the sleeve buffer 1,
L Ü
Cover length between the sleeve 10 and the plunger 20,
L 2
Length of the tubular portion 22 of the plunger 20,
L 3
Length of the extension sleeve 24 of the plunger 20, corresponds to the length of the second portion of the overlap length L Ü ,
L 4
Length of the clearance of the plunger 20 for the normal buffer stroke,
L 5
Length of the clearance of the sleeve 10 for the normal buffer stroke,
L 6
Length of the first section of the overlap length, equal to the length of the front. Gleitflächenabschnitts,
L 7
Length of the third portion of the overlap length, corresponds to the length of the rear slide surface portion,
L 1 '
Overall length of the sleeve buffer 1 in the state of maximum displacement beyond the normal buffer stroke addition.

Ausgehend von der bekannten Bauweise von Hülsenpuffern, die eine große Überdeckungslänge aufweisen, bei denen aber Stößel 20 und Hülse 10 gleichzeitig an einen Anschlag gelangen und entlang ihrer ganzen Überdeckungslänge unmittelbar aneinander anliegen, bietet die Erfindung die Möglichkeit, beide Führungsteile 10, 20 zu verkürzen und dennoch die Deformationskraft auf kontrollierbarem Niveau zu halten. Die theoretische Möglichkeit, beide rohrförmigen Führungsteile 10, 20 zusammen zu deformieren, würde aufgrund der großen gemeinsamen Wandstärke und aufgrund der gegenseitigen Behinderung während der Deformation ein sehr hohes, unzweckmäßiges Kraftniveau erzeugen.Starting from the known construction of sleeve buffers, which have a large overlap length, but where the plunger 20 and sleeve 10 simultaneously reach a stop and abut each other along their entire overlap length directly to each other, the invention provides the ability to shorten both guide parts 10, 20 and nevertheless to keep the deformation force at a controllable level. The theoretical possibility, both tubular guide parts 10, 20 deforming together would create a very high, inefficient level of force due to the large common wall thickness and mutual interference during deformation.

Deshalb werden die Funktionen der Verkürzung und der Deformation getrennt und einzeln den beiden Führungsteilen 10, 20 zugewiesen. Eines der beiden Führungsteile 10 bzw. 20 soll eine widerstandsarme oder widerstandsfreie Verkürzung durchführen, die wenig Bauraum beansprucht, während das andere Führungsteil 20 bzw. 10 sich unter Deformation verkürzen soll, um das gewünschte Kraftniveau während der Verschiebung zu erreichen.Therefore, the functions of shortening and deformation are separated and individually assigned to the two guide members 10, 20. One of the two guide parts 10 and 20 should perform a low-resistance or resistance-free shortening, which takes up little space, while the other guide member 20 and 10 should shorten under deformation in order to achieve the desired level of force during the displacement.

Es ist im Sinne der Erfindung beliebig, welche der beiden Funktionen dem einen oder dem anderen der beiden Führungsteile 10, 20 zugewiesen wird. Es erscheint jedoch wenig zweckmäßig, die Deformationsfunktion dem innenliegenden der beiden Führungsteile 10, 20 zuzuweisen, da im Innern des Hülsenpuffers 1 der Bauraum großenteils von Feder- und/oder Dämpfungselementen ausgefüllt wird und daher nur sehr wenig Bauraum für einen Deformationsvorgäng zur Verfügung steht. Dieser Fall wird daher zur Vereinfachung in der weiteren Beschreibung nicht behandelt.It is arbitrary within the meaning of the invention which of the two functions is assigned to one or the other of the two guide parts 10, 20. However, it does not seem appropriate to assign the deformation function to the inside of the two guide parts 10, 20, since in the interior of the sleeve buffer 1, the space is largely filled by spring and / or damping elements and therefore only very little space for a deformation Vorgäng is available. This case is therefore for simplicity in the further description not treated.

Es ist aus den genannten Gründen günstig, das außenliegende der beiden Führungsteile 10, 20 nach außen hin deformieren zu lassen, da dort ausreichender Bauraum zur Verfügung steht. Das innere Führungsteil der beiden Führungsteile 10, 20 muß in diesem Falle eine Verkürzung ausführen, welche einerseits die Deformation des äußeren Führungsteils nicht behindert und andererseits möglichst wenig Widerstand erzeugt, um die gesamte Deformationskraft nicht übermäßig ansteigen zu lassen. Wichtig ist, daß die Länge des innenliegenden Führungsteils im Grundzustand nicht verringert wird, weil dies zu Lasten der Überdeckungslänge gehen würde. Hierzu wird die Gleitfläche zwischen Stößel und Hülse in drei Abschnitte (Längenmaße L6, L3 und L7) unterteilt, von denen der erste Abschnitt L6 und der dritte Abschnitt L7 als Gleitflächen funktional notwendig sind, um die Führungsfunktion im Normalbetrieb mit der angestrebten Überdeckungslänge zu erfüllen. Um die Flächenpressungen bei Querbelastung im Normalbetrieb nicht zu groß werden zu lassen, dürfen die Abschnitte L6 und L7 eine gewisse Mindestlänge nicht unterschreiten. Der mittlere Abschnitt L3 wird im Durchmesser zurückgenommen und dient nicht mehr als Gleitfläche, muß aber weiterhin die mechanisch steife Verbindung zwischen dem ersten Abschnitt L6 und dem dritten Abschnitt L7 herstellen, um die Führungsfunktion insgesamt zu erfüllen. Dadurch, daß der Durchmesser dieses mittleren Abschnitts L3 soweit reduziert wird, wie es erforderlich ist, daß er innerhalb des Innendurchmessers des rohrförmigen ersten Abschnitts L6 in diesen hineingeschoben werden kann, wird eine relativ große, aber widerstandsarme Verkürzung des innenliegenden Führungsteils erreicht. Die zweiten und dritten Abschnitte L3 und L7 können, ähnlich einem Teleskop, ins Innere des ersten Abschnitts L6 sowie in den anschließenden Abschnitt L2 hineingeschoben werden. Für die Gesamtfunktion ist weiterhin erforderlich, daß die beiden zueinander verschiebbaren Abschnitte im Normalbetrieb steif gekoppelt sind und Biegemomente zwischen dem ersten Abschnitt L6 und dem dritten. Abschnitt L7 zuverlässig übertragen werden können. Ferner ist notwendig, daß die Verbindung zwischen dem ersten Abschnitt L6 (rohrförmiger Abschnitt 22) und dem zweiten Abschnitt L7 (Verlängerungsbuchse 24) durch die Sollbruchverbindung 23 hergestellt wird, die beim Eintreten eines Überlastzustandes die bis dahin steife Verbindung trennt. Dies kann z.B. durch Scherbolzen oder andere Abreißglieder, aber auch durch lokal geschwächte Verbindungsstege erfolgen. Die Sollbruchverbindung 23 kann entweder kontinuierlich am Umfang der Verlängerungsbuchse 24 entlang verteilt sein oder aus gleichmäßig oder ungleichmäßig verteilten diskreten Einzelelementen bestehen. Eine ungleichmäßige Verteilung kann z.B. sinnvoll sein, um die Stabilität unter Querbelastung in einer bestimmten Vorzugsrichtung zu verstärken, ohne die Auslösekraft bei Längsbelastung zu beeinflussen.It is favorable for the reasons mentioned, the outside of the two guide parts 10, 20 to deform outward, since there is sufficient space available. The inner guide part of the two guide parts 10, 20 must perform a shortening in this case, which on the one hand does not hinder the deformation of the outer guide member and on the other hand generates as little resistance as possible in order not to allow the total deformation force to rise excessively. It is important that the length of the inner guide member is not reduced in the ground state, because this would be at the expense of overlap length. For this purpose, the sliding surface between the plunger and sleeve is divided into three sections (length dimensions L 6 , L 3 and L 7 ), of which the first section L 6 and the third section L 7 are functionally necessary as sliding surfaces to the guide function in normal operation with the to achieve the desired overlap length. In order not to let the surface pressures under transverse load in normal operation be too large, the sections L 6 and L 7 must not fall below a certain minimum length. The middle section L 3 is reduced in diameter and no longer serves as a sliding surface, but still has to establish the mechanically rigid connection between the first section L 6 and the third section L 7 in order to fulfill the overall guiding function. Characterized in that the diameter of this central portion L 3 is reduced to the extent required to be pushed into the inner diameter of the tubular first portion L 6 in this, a relatively large, but low-resistance shortening of the inner guide member is achieved. The second and third sections L 3 and L 7 , like a telescope, can be pushed into the interior of the first section L 6 as well as into the adjoining section L 2 . For the overall function is further required that the two mutually displaceable sections are rigidly coupled in normal operation and bending moments between the first section L 6 and the third. Section L 7 can be transmitted reliably. Further, it is necessary that the connection between the first portion L 6 (tubular portion 22) and the second portion L 7 (extension sleeve 24) is made by the predetermined breaking connection 23, which separates the hitherto rigid connection upon the occurrence of an overload condition. This can eg by shear bolts or other Abreißglieder, but also by locally weakened connecting webs respectively. The predetermined breaking connection 23 can either be distributed continuously along the circumference of the extension bushing 24 or consist of uniformly or unevenly distributed discrete individual elements. An uneven distribution may be useful, for example, to increase the stability under transverse load in a particular preferred direction, without affecting the release force in longitudinal load.

Mit den beschriebenen Maßnahmen lassen sich die gegenläufigen Forderungen nach großer Überdeckungslänge im Normalbetrieb, großer Verkürzungslänge bei kontrollierter Deformation nach Überlast und Vermeidung der Inanspruchnahme von zusätzlichem Bauraum in der Fahrzeugstruktur gleichzeitig erfüllen.With the measures described can meet the conflicting demands for large overlap length in normal operation, large shortening length with controlled deformation after overload and avoiding the use of additional space in the vehicle structure at the same time.

Es ist eine sehr große Verkürzung erreichbar, bis etwa auf die Hälfte der ursprünglichen Baulänge. Dies ist in Fig. 2, anhand des Längenmaßes L1' dargestellt.It is a very large shortening achievable, to about half of the original length. This is in Fig. 2 , shown by the length dimension L 1 '.

Das Prinzip der sich ineinander schiebenden Abschnitte 22, 24 des innenliegenden Führungsteils ist mit verschiedenen Deformationsmustern des außenliegenden Führungsteils kombinierbar, und zwar sowohl mit einer Aufweitung und Aufspreizung eines Rohrs als auch mit beispielsweise einer bei regelmäßigen oder unregelmäßigen Stauchung bzw. Faltung eines Rohrs, wie in Fig. 2 mit dem Bezugszeichen 40a und 40b angedeutet ist.The principle of the telescoping sections 22, 24 of the inner guide part is with different deformation patterns the outer guide part can be combined, both with a widening and spreading of a tube and with, for example, a regular or irregular compression or folding of a tube, as in Fig. 2 is indicated by the reference numeral 40a and 40b.

Das dargestellte Prinzip ist sowohl für eine Bauform des Hülsenpuffers mit einen innenliegenden Stößel 20 als auch auf eine Bauform des Hülsenpuffers mit innenliegender Hülse 10 anwendbar. Eine derartige Bauform ist durch gedankliche Vertauschung von Pufferteller 21 und Befestigungsflansch 11 leicht vorstellbar.The illustrated principle is applicable both to a design of the sleeve buffer with an internal plunger 20 as well as a design of the sleeve buffer with internal sleeve 10. Such a design is easily imagined by intellectual interchange of buffer plate 21 and mounting flange 11.

Das Prinzip der teleskopartig ineinander verschiebbaren Abschnitte von Führungsteilen des Hülsenpuffers kann in Erweiterung der Ausführungsform nach Figuren 1 und 2 zusätzlich auch auf die Hülse 10 angewendet werden. Diese Erweiterung des Prinzips ist anhand der Figuren 3 und 4 erläutert, in denen die Hülse im Unterschied zu den Figuren 1 und 2 statt mit dem Bezugszeichen 10 nunmehr mit dem Bezugszeichen 50 versehen ist. Die Ausbildung des Stößels 20 bei der Ausführungsform nach Figuren 3 und 4 ist identisch zu der Ausbildung bei dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figuren 1 und 2. Die Ausbildung der Hülse 50 ist jedoch im Unterschied zu Figuren 1 und 2 zweiteilig in Form von teleskopartig ineinander verschiebbaren Abschnitten 52, 54 mit zwischenliegender Sollbruchverbindung 53 ausgeführt. Wie in Fig. 4 dargestellt, verkürzen sich Stößel 20 und Hülse 50 teleskopartig. Diese Verkürzung kann unter einem gewissen erwünschten Widerstand stattfinden, z.B. durch die in Fig. 3 dargestellten Bauteile der Sollbruchverbindungen 24, 54 oder auch durch andere Widerstandselemente zwischen den sich teleskopartig verschiebenden Bauteilen. Gegebenenfalls kann ein zusätzliches Deformationselement 60 zwischen der Verlängerungsbuchse 24 oder ihrer Stirnplatte 24c und dem Pufferstößel 21 angeordnet werden. Das Deformationselement 60 kann so ausgebildet sein, daß das erforderliche Kraftniveau während der gegenseitigen Verschiebebewegung der Bauteile 22, 24 und 52, 54 erreicht wird. Alternativ kann das zusätzliche Deformationselement 60 in Form zweier getrennter Deformationskörper 60a und 60b zwischen dem Pufferteller 21 und dem Abschnitt 52 der Hülse 50 (Deformationselement 60a) und zwischen dem Abschnitt 22 des Stößels 20 und dem Bund 24d der Verlängerungsbuchse 24 angeordnet werden.The principle of the telescopically movable sections of guide parts of the sleeve buffer can in extension of the embodiment according to Figures 1 and 2 additionally be applied to the sleeve 10. This extension of the principle is based on the FIGS. 3 and 4 explained in which the sleeve in contrast to the Figures 1 and 2 instead of the reference numeral 10 is now provided with the reference numeral 50. The formation of the plunger 20 in the embodiment according to FIGS. 3 and 4 is identical to the training in the first embodiment according to Figures 1 and 2 , However, the formation of the sleeve 50 is unlike Figures 1 and 2 in two parts in the form of telescopically movable sections 52, 54 running with intermediate predetermined breaking connection 53. As in Fig. 4 shown plunger 20 and sleeve 50 shorten telescopically. This shortening can take place under a certain desired resistance, eg by the in Fig. 3 shown components of the predetermined breaking connections 24, 54 or by other resistance elements between the telescopically displacing components. Optionally, an additional deformation element 60 between the extension sleeve 24 or its end plate 24c and the buffer plunger 21 are arranged. The deformation element 60 may be formed so that the required level of force during the mutual displacement movement of the components 22, 24 and 52, 54 is achieved. Alternatively, the additional deformation element 60 can be arranged in the form of two separate deformation bodies 60a and 60b between the buffer plate 21 and the section 52 of the sleeve 50 (deformation element 60a) and between the section 22 of the plunger 20 and the collar 24d of the extension bushing 24.

In Fig. 4 ist der Hülsenpuffer nach Fig. 3 im Zustand maximaler Verschiebung dargestellt. Man erkennt, daß gleichzeitig eine teleskopartige Verschiebung von Stößel 20 und Hülse 50 sowie ggf. eine Deformation des Deformationselementes 60 bzw. der Deformationskörper 60a, 60b stattgefunden hat. Eine solche Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Hülsenpuffers ist zwar relativ aufwendig, doch kann eine solche Ausführungsform zweckmäßig sein, wenn der umliegende Bauraum sehr eingeschränkt ist. Im weiteren soll aber die einfachere Ausführungsform nach Figuren 1 und 2 betrachtet werden, bei welcher nur der rohrförmige Abschnitt 22 des Stößels 20 teleskopartig verschiebbar ausgebildet ist und von der Hülse 10 umgeben wird.In Fig. 4 is the sleeve buffer after Fig. 3 shown in the state of maximum displacement. It can be seen that at the same time a telescopic displacement of plunger 20 and sleeve 50 and possibly a deformation of the deformation element 60 and the deformation body 60a, 60b has occurred. Although such an embodiment of the sleeve buffer according to the invention is relatively expensive, but such an embodiment may be useful if the surrounding space is very limited. In the further but the simpler embodiment according to Figures 1 and 2 be considered, in which only the tubular portion 22 of the plunger 20 is formed telescopically displaceable and is surrounded by the sleeve 10.

Das dargestellte Prinzip der teleskopartigen Verschiebung kann sinngemäß auch auf mehr als zwei ineinander verschiebbare Abschnitte angewendet werden. Eine derartige Ausbildung kann zweckmäßig sein, wenn eine noch größere Gesamtverkürzung des Hülsenpuffers erzielt werden soll und der entsprechend erforderliche Bauraum in Umfangsrichtung des Hülsenpuffers gegeben ist. Es versteht sich, daß zwischen jeweils zwei der mehreren Abschnitte jeweils eine Sollbruchverbindung vorzusehen ist.The illustrated principle of the telescopic displacement can be applied mutatis mutandis to more than two telescoping sections. Such a design may be useful if an even greater total shortening of the sleeve buffer to be achieved and the corresponding space required in the circumferential direction of the sleeve buffer is given. It is understood that between each two of the several sections each one To provide predetermined breaking connection.

Durch die dargestellte teleskopartige Konstruktion kann die Funktion der Verschiebung widerstandsarm oder widerstandsfrei ausgeführt werden. Dadurch kann der Aufbau des erwünschten Kraftniveaus während der Verschiebung allein und ungestört vom außenliegenden Führungsteil durch kontrollierte Deformation erfolgen. Durch die klare Trennung der Funktionen und deren geringe gegenseitige Beeinflussung wird die Auslegung und Kontrollierbarkeit des Gesamtsystems wesentlich erleichtert gegenüber Konstruktionen, bei denen beide Führungsteile 10, 20 sowohl Deformationsvorgängen als auch Interaktionen unterworfen sind.Due to the illustrated telescopic construction, the function of the displacement can be carried out with little resistance or without resistance. This allows the structure of the desired level of force during displacement alone and undisturbed by the outer guide member by controlled deformation. Due to the clear separation of the functions and their low mutual influence, the design and controllability of the overall system is much easier compared to constructions in which both guide parts 10, 20 are subject to both deformation processes and interactions.

Die Auslegung kann noch weiter vereinfacht werden, indem das Abreißen/Auslösen der Sollbruchverbindung 23 zwischen dem ersten Abschnitt L6 und dem zweiten Abschnitt L3 beim Anschlag des innenliegenden Führungsteils zuerst stattfindet und erst kurz danach der Anschlag und die beginnende Deformation des äußeren Führungsteils erfolgt. Hierdurch lassen sich die Auslösekraftschwelle und das mittlere Kraftniveau während der kontrollierten Deformation getrennt voneinander auslegen und modifizieren.The design can be further simplified by the breaking off / triggering of the predetermined breaking connection 23 between the first section L 6 and the second section L 3 takes place at the stop of the inner guide part first and only shortly after the stop and the incipient deformation of the outer guide member. As a result, the tripping force threshold and the average force level can be separated during the controlled deformation interpret and modify each other.

Die beschriebenen Gehäuseeigenschaften lassen sich mit verschiedenen Anordnungen von Pufferfedern kombinieren. Beispielsweise kann die aus dem zweiten Abschnitt L3 und dem dritten Abschnitt L7 bestehende Verlängerungshülse 24 des innenliegenden Führungsteils mit einer Abstützung in Form der Stirnplatte 24c für das Feder- und/oder Dämpfungselement 30a versehen werden. Damit läßt sich zusammen mit dem Auslösen/Abreißen der Sollbruchverbindung 23 auch eine Abschaltung der Federwirkung des Feder- und/oder Dämpfungselementes 30a erzielen, um einen Anstieg der Kraft bei zunehmendem Verschiebungsweg zu vermeiden. In diesem Fall muß beachtet werden, daß die Sollbruchverbindung 23 zusätzlich die im Normalbetrieb auftretenden Kräfte des Feder- und/oder Dämpfungselementes 30a übertragen und dafür ausreichend dimensionert sein muß.The described housing properties can be combined with various arrangements of buffer springs. For example, the existing of the second section L 3 and the third section L 7 extension sleeve 24 of the inner guide member may be provided with a support in the form of the end plate 24c for the spring and / or damping element 30a. This can be achieved together with the triggering / tearing of the predetermined breaking connection 23 and a shutdown of the spring action of the spring and / or damping element 30a in order to avoid an increase in force with increasing displacement path. In this case, it must be noted that the predetermined breaking connection 23 in addition to transmit the forces occurring during normal operation of the spring and / or damping element 30a and must be sufficiently dimensioned for this.

Alternativ kann auf die Abschaltung der Federwirkung verzichtet werden, wenn das Feder- und Dämpfungselement 40a verwendet wird, das für eine große Verkürzung geeignet ist. In diesem Falle fehlt die Stirnplatte 24c der Verlängerungbuchse 24.Alternatively, it can be dispensed with the switching off of the spring action when the spring and damping element 40a is used, which is suitable for a large reduction. In this case, the front plate 24c is missing the extension sleeve 24th

Claims (9)

  1. Plunger buffer (1) for moving or fixed supporting structures (2), particularly those fitted to railway rolling stock, with first and second guide elements in the form of a sleeve (10) and a ram (20), whereby the sleeve (10) can be permanently fixed to the supporting structure (2) and the ram (20) is designed to slide relative to the sleeve (10) in the longitudinal direction of the item of rolling stock, with its movement guided by the sleeve (10), and equipped with a force-transferring component (30; 40) for flexible coupling of the ram (20) with the supporting structure (2), whereby at least one (20) of the two guide elements (10, 20; 10, 50) consists of two or more sequential lengthwise arrangement of sections (22, 24; 52, 54), the terminal ends of which are linked to each other by one or more break-off connecting element(s) (23; 53) and which are of differing cross-sectional dimensions, so that in the event of a given impact (triggering) force on the plunger buffer (1) being exceeded, the break-off connecting element(s) (23; 53) snap off, causing the long sections (22, 24; 52, 54) to telescope into each other, characterised by the fact that one of the guide elements (20, 10; 50, 10) is configured in such a way that, in the event of the triggering force being exceeded, it undergoes controlled deformation and shortens when subjected to a high and largely consistent amount of force.
  2. Plunger buffer in accordance with claim 1, characterised by the fact that the inner guide element (20) consists of sequential sections (22, 24) in a lengthwise arrangement.
  3. Plunger buffer in accordance with claim 1, characterised by the fact that the outer guide element (50) consists of sequential sections (52, 54) in a lengthwise arrangement.
  4. Plunger buffer in accordance with one of the claims 1 to 3, characterised by the specific dimensions of the guide elements (10, 20; 10, 50), designed to ensure that, in the event of the break-off connecting element (23; 53) snapping, the ram (20) actuates first when sliding movement takes place, to be followed not until shortly thereafter by initial deformation of the other guide element (10).
  5. Plunger buffer in accordance with one of the claims 1 to 4, characterised by the fact that the telescoped lengthwise sliding sections (22, 24; 52, 54) are of cylindrical, tubular design.
  6. Plunger buffer in accordance with one of the claims 1 to 5, characterised by the fact that the break-off connecting element (23; 53) is combined with one or more telescoped sliding lengthwise sections (22, 24; 52, 54) to form a one-piece component.
  7. Plunger buffer in accordance with one of the claims 1 to 6, characterised by the fact that the break-off connecting element (23; 53) is placed in a radial arrangement between the adjacent ends of the telescoped sliding lengthwise sections (22, 24; 52, 54) and is located in a continuous or an intermittent arrangement around the circumference of the sections (22, 24; 52, 54).
  8. Plunger buffer in accordance with one of the claims 1 to 7, characterised by the fact that a force-transferring component is to be fitted, in the form of a spring and/or damping element (30a), between the supporting structure (2) and an end-plate (24c) of the lengthwise section (24) with the smallest cross-sectional dimensions, whereby the spring and/or damping element (30a) is configured in such a way as to ensure that it can only shorten up to the maximum stroke length of the ram (20) when in normal operation.
  9. Plunger buffer in accordance with one of the claims 1 to 8, characterised by the fact that the lengths (L2 und L3) of the telescoped lengthwise sliding sections (22, 24; 52, 54) are of the same size.
EP04729619A 2004-04-27 2004-04-27 Plunger buffer Expired - Lifetime EP1740435B1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SI200430792T SI1740435T1 (en) 2004-04-27 2004-04-27 Plunger buffer
CZ2006-689A CZ307186B6 (en) 2004-04-27 2004-04-27 A tubular buffer
PL04729619T PL1740435T3 (en) 2004-04-27 2004-04-27 Plunger buffer

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2004/004439 WO2005115818A1 (en) 2004-04-27 2004-04-27 Plunger buffer

Publications (2)

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EP1740435A1 EP1740435A1 (en) 2007-01-10
EP1740435B1 true EP1740435B1 (en) 2008-04-23

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EP04729619A Expired - Lifetime EP1740435B1 (en) 2004-04-27 2004-04-27 Plunger buffer

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EP (1) EP1740435B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE393073T1 (en)
DE (1) DE502004006968D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2305766T3 (en)
PL (1) PL1740435T3 (en)
SI (1) SI1740435T1 (en)
SK (1) SK287991B6 (en)
WO (1) WO2005115818A1 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102018130253A1 (en) 2018-07-11 2020-01-16 Falk Schneider CRASH BUFFER WITH GUIDE ROD, SUPPORT STRUCTURE AND RAIL VEHICLE
EP3771610B1 (en) * 2019-07-29 2024-01-24 Falk Schneider Sleeve buffer with mechanical resistance during telescoping movement

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2687416B1 (en) * 2012-07-16 2014-09-03 Voith Patent GmbH Impact protection, in particular in the form of a crash buffer
JP6247471B2 (en) * 2013-07-31 2017-12-13 川崎重工業株式会社 Railway vehicle collision energy absorbing device and railway vehicle
EP3372472B1 (en) * 2017-03-06 2022-05-04 Dellner Couplers AB Energy dissipating device suitable to be used as part of a connection device that connects a first car of a multi-car vehicle with a second car of a multi-car vehicle and method for dissipating energy in a connection device
PL3594082T3 (en) 2018-07-11 2021-08-23 Falk Schneider Crash buffer with guide rod, support structure and railway vehicle
HUE060184T2 (en) 2019-07-29 2023-02-28 Falk Schneider Sleeve buffer with partially sheathed tappet
EP3771611B1 (en) 2019-07-29 2023-03-01 Falk Schneider Tube buffer with marking

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19616944B4 (en) * 1996-04-27 2006-05-18 Suspa Holding Gmbh impact attenuator
FR2777251B1 (en) * 1998-04-14 2000-12-22 Nantes Ecole Centrale SHOCK ABSORBING DEVICE FOR SHOCK ABSORBER OF RAIL VEHICLES OR THE LIKE
FR2789358B1 (en) * 1999-02-10 2004-02-27 Nantes Ecole Centrale SHOCK ABSORBING DEVICE FOR A NEW RAIL BUFFER
DE10037050C2 (en) * 2000-07-29 2002-10-31 Sieghard Schneider Plunger buffer
GB0108413D0 (en) * 2001-04-04 2001-05-23 Oleo Internat Ltd A two stage buffer

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102018130253A1 (en) 2018-07-11 2020-01-16 Falk Schneider CRASH BUFFER WITH GUIDE ROD, SUPPORT STRUCTURE AND RAIL VEHICLE
EP3771610B1 (en) * 2019-07-29 2024-01-24 Falk Schneider Sleeve buffer with mechanical resistance during telescoping movement

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PL1740435T3 (en) 2008-09-30
SK51012006A3 (en) 2007-05-03
EP1740435A1 (en) 2007-01-10
ES2305766T3 (en) 2008-11-01
SI1740435T1 (en) 2008-10-31
DE502004006968D1 (en) 2008-06-05
ATE393073T1 (en) 2008-05-15
WO2005115818A1 (en) 2005-12-08
SK287991B6 (en) 2012-09-03

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